資源簡介

Section Ⅱ　Using language
維度一：基礎題型練
品句填詞
1.The government has declared a state of 　　　　　　　　　（緊急情況） following the tsunami.
2.More rain is 　　　　　　　　（預報） for the area over the next 24 hours.
3.Nobody knows 　　　　　　（精確地） how many people survived the air crash.
4.In times of 　　　　　　（危機）， it is crucial for emergency services to respond promptly and efficiently to ensure the safety of the community.
5.This is a big chance， and you should 　　　　　　（抓住） it with both hands； maybe it can change your life.
6.Tom is an honest and r　　　　　　 student.Therefore， we recommend him as our monitor.
7.The poor man was tricked into sending money to an unknown man， who c　　　　　　 to be a bank clerk.
8.When the post office was t　　　　　　 with being closed in the 1980s， a villager， Pat， came up with a plan to save it.
維度二：語法與寫作
句型轉換（用省略句改寫下列句子）
1.She stood at the gate as if she was waiting for someone.
→She stood at the gate 　　　　　　　　　　.
2.If it is necessary， our school will provide the students with the language training courses.
→　　　　　　　　， our school will provide the students with the language training courses.
3.If I were you， I would apply for the project.
→　　　　　　　　， I would apply for the project.
4.His suggestion made John happy， but his suggestion made Mary angry.
→His suggestion made John happy， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
5.When I was asked how to get to the train station， I told him right away.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， I told him right away.
6.You can ask my brother for help if it is so.
→You can ask my brother for help 　　　　　　.
7.We don’t go to the cinema as much as we used to go to the cinema.
→We don’t go to the cinema 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
8.While I was walking along the street， I heard my name called.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， I heard my name called.
9.Although you are engaged in your study， you should set aside some time to get involved in some outdoor activities such as hiking and skiing.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， you should set aside some time to get involved in some outdoor activities such as hiking and skiing.
10.The boy used to play with the knife though his father told him not to play with the knife.
→The boy used to play with the knife though his father 　　　　　　　　　　.
維度三：語法與語篇
根據括號內的漢語提示，用省略結構完成下面語段。
　　After breakfast， Mom was doing housework in the kitchen.She talked to Tom 1.　　　　　　　　 （洗碗時） and plates.She said to Tom，“2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （過馬路時當心車輛）， my dear.” Tom usually said to his mom， “3.　　　　　　　　 （再見）， Mom.” However， this time， she heard nothing.Tom hurriedly left home 4.　　　 　　　　　　 （好像很著急）.She considered Tom rude this time， but she 5.　　　　　　　　　　 （不知道為什么）.She thought she would 6.　　　　　　　　　　 （讓湯姆意識到） his wrong doings when he came back from school.
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　The worst outbreak of desert locusts （蝗蟲） in Kenya in 70 years has seen hundreds of millions of the bugs swarm into the East African nation from Somalia and Ethiopia.Those two countries have not had an infestation （侵擾） like this in a quarter-century， destroying farmland and threatening the region with serious hunger.
　　“Even cows are wondering what is happening，” said Ndunda Makanga， who spent hours Friday trying to chase the locusts from his farm.“Corn， sorghum， cowpeas， they have eaten everything.”
　　“Even a small swarm of the insects can consume enough food for 35，000 people in a single day，” said Jens Laerke of the UN humanitarian office in Geneva.
　　About 70，000 hectares — 172，973 acres — of land in Kenya are attacked.A single swarm can contain up to 150 million locusts per square kilometer of farmland — an area the size of almost 250 football fields， authorities say.
　　“We must act immediately，” said David Phiri of the UN Food and Agricultural Organization.
　　About $70 million is needed to step up aerial pesticide （殺蟲劑） spraying， the only effective way to fight them， the UN says.That won’t be easy， especially in Somalia.
　　Astonished by the finger-length insects， children dash here and there， waving blankets to shake the locusts free.Farmers are afraid to let their cattle out for grazing， and their crops are in danger， but there is little they can do.
　　One especially large swarm in northeastern Kenya measured 60 kilometers long by 40 kilometers wide （37 miles long by 25 miles wide）.
　　“The locals are really scared because they can consume everything，” said Francis Kitoo， deputy director of agriculture in southeastern Kenya’s Kitui county.“I’ve never seen such a big number.” He expressed his own concern about the locusts.“They will lay eggs and start another generation，” he said.
1.What did Ndunda Makanga want to express about the outbreak of locusts？（　　）
A.It’s very serious.
B.It’s very surprising.
C.It happens frequently.
D.It leads to heavy losses.
2.How does the author describe the outbreak of locusts？（　　）
A.By telling some stories.
B.By providing some facts.
C.By listing some numbers.
D.By giving some examples.
3.How did the farmers react to the big number of locusts？（　　）
A.They were very brave.
B.They let their cattle out.
C.They sprayed pesticide.
D.They were helpless indeed.
4.What’s Francis Kitoo’s attitude towards the future？（　　）
A.Worried.　　　 　 B.Confused.
C.Confident.　 D.Disappointed.
B
　　Rivers are very important.Humans rely on them for food and water.But rivers can destroy things， too.They can flood， or rise over their banks， making the water run into the nearby land.Floods can also kill humans and wildlife.However， floods are not always bad.Some ecosystems need them every once in a while.
　　Flooding can not only drown animals but also destroy habitats.For example， a flood in India in 2012 killed many one-horned rhinos.Floodwaters can pick up dirt from riverbanks， which makes the water dirty.Too much dirt will clog rivers and streams， preventing the river from flowing.Sometimes floodwaters can carry pollution to the sea and harm marine life.In addition， floodwaters can carry disease， including hepatitis A and cholera.
　　However， not everything about floods is bad.Sometimes they bring new life to ecosystems.Floodwaters carry nutrients to the nearby land.Over time， the water dries up and leaves behind particles （微粒） of dirt and mud.The particles are called sediment （沉淀物） which can be good due to its ability to improve the dirt and help plants grow.Floods are important to some animals as well.For instance， some animals see floods as a sign that it is time to mate or migrate.Floods leave sediment on river beds where baby fish can grow and carry nutrients for small animals in the water to eat.Moreover， in dry seasons， water might dry up， but floods help refill the wetlands， keeping the ecosystem going.
　　Floods are a part of nature.They can destroy living things and the environment.But some ecosystems need floods to survive.
5.What’s the possible meaning of the underlined word “clog” in Paragraph 2？（　　）
A.Become.　 B.Pollute.
C.Block.　 D.Develop.
6.How do floods help ecosystems？（　　）
A.Nutrients carried by floods can make soil richer.
B.Floods make all the animals migrate more easily.
C.Tiny fish going with floods feed some animals.
D.Floods can improve the dirt and help plants grow.
7.What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3？（　　）
A.The way in which floods feed animals.
B.The benefits of floods to ecosystems.
C.An effective means of improving soil.
D.The reason for people’s appreciating floods.
8.What’s the best title for this article？（　　）
A.Many Effects of Flooding
B.The Secret of Flooding
C.Floods： Everything Is So Bad
D.Floods： A Part of Nature
C
　　Brushing my teeth， I heard what sounded like branches scraping （刮擦） the roof.I paused， wondering what it could be.Then I thought that must have been Hurricane Isabel， which was blowing her way through our city in September 2003.
　　Then I heard the sound of breaking glass.A second later， the entire house shook.My husband and I stared at each other in frozen horror before rushing to check on our baby daughter asleep in her bed.The sound had scared her awake — never had a cry sounded so sweet — and my husband gratefully snatched （抱起） her up and ran to the relative safety of our room.
　　Then we ventured out.My husband started the car while I hurried across the street to let a neighbour know we were okay and heading to a friend’s home.Shaking but grateful to be alive， we drove away.
　　The next morning， bright sunlight clearly displayed the storm’s destruction.We returned home to see that a giant tree in the center of our yard had effectively split our house in two！
　　As we stood on the sidewalk wondering what to do， a local fire truck pulled up.The firefighters informed us that our home had received the worst damage in the city.When we meet neighbours for the first time， their eyes pop when they realise we live in the house the tree fell through.
　　In the days and weeks that followed， we remembered the feeling of relief when we realised that everyone in our lives who mattered was unscathed — me， my husband， our daughter and even our two pets.
　　Yes， we lost many things.But those things were replaceable and the damage was temporary.
　　Every so often we pull out the photos of the tree’s destruction and feel surprised at how blessed we were — and still are.Whenever we begin to feel ungrateful or unsatisfied with what we have， those photos and memories offer a reminder of how we came through that trial.
9.How did the author feel when she heard the baby crying？（　　）
A.Sad.　　　　　　 B.Curious.
C.Surprised.　 D.Delighted.
10.What made the author and her husband survive the terrible accident？（　　）
A.Their leaving home quickly. B.Their calling the firefighters.
C.Their receiving help from neighbours. D.Their fighting with hurricane bravely.
11.What does the underlined word “unscathed” in Paragraph 6 mean？（　　）
A.Not injured.　 B.Not affected.
C.Not included.　 D.Not disturbed.
12.What’s the author’s purpose of writing the text？（　　）
A.To describe a terrible natural disaster.
B.To thank her neighbours and firefighters.
C.To show the importance of being thankful.
D.To tell us what to do in the face of a hurricane.
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　One day on my way home I was caught in a storm.I took 　13　 from rain in a small shoe repair shop by the roadside.The cobbler （修鞋匠） and his son were 　14　 their work， and after saying， “Good day，” we began to chat.
　　As our 　15　 went on， the skilled man sent his son out to 　16　 something that he needed for his work.The boy had only been gone five minutes， but it was too long for the 　17　 old cobbler to be idle （閑散的）.He became 　18　， moved about the room， and at last took up a scrap of leather （碎皮革） and fell to 　19　 it， saying， “You know， sir， it will never do to be idle.”
　　As soon as the rain was over， I was on my way home， 　20　 what I had heard — “It will never do to be idle.” Some people are idle only now and then， and some are 　21　 idle.I was one of the latter.So the old man’s 　22　 came home to me.I began to feel how 　23　 it was to waste so much of my life on idleness.
　　I made up my mind to follow the cobbler’s 　24　 for the rest of my life.Oh， it was very 　25　 at first！ But I kept to my 　26　.Slowly I made good habits at work， and found the 　27　 of the cobbler’s words， “It will never do to be idle.”
13.（　）A.cover　　　　　 B.time
C.courage　 D.pleasure
14.（　）A.worried about　 B.aware of
C.busy at　 D.new to
15.（　）A.business　 B.story
C.report　 D.conversation
16.（　）A.improve　 B.get
C.fix　 D.learn
17.（　）A.fair　 B.lucky
C.active　 D.familiar
18.（　）A.uneasy　 B.lonely
C.impolite　 D.tired
19.（　）A.charging for　 B.laughing at
C.referring to　 D.working on
20.（　）A.looking into　 B.thinking over
C.taking down　 D.speaking of
21.（　）A.also　 B.just
C.always　 D.once
22.（　）A.words　 B.jokes
C.dreams　 D.abilities
23.（　）A.risky　 B.common
C.addicted　 D.wrong
24.（　）A.example　 B.goal
C.method　 D.advice
25.（　）A.funny　 B.silly
C.hard　 D.serious
26.（　）A.interest　 B.purpose
C.style　 D.role
27.（　）A.topic　 B.symbol
C.rest　 D.truth
Ⅲ.語法填空
　　Formed in 2002， the China International Search and Rescue Team （CISAR） brings help and hope to those 28.　　　　　　 lives are changed by natural disasters.
　　The team carried out 29.　　　　　　 （it） first international rescue mission in 2003.It was the first time that a Chinese team had worked outside China， and the team won high praise for their 30.　　　　　　 （brave） and skill.The list of people 31.　　　　　　 whom help has been given ever since is long.The team 32.　　　　　　 （treat） more than 3，000 people who were injured in the 2006 earthquake in Indonesia， and spent several months 33.　　　　　　 （give） aid to over 25，000 victims of the 2010 floods in Pakistan.
Rescue workers are trained to find people， treat injuries， and hand out food， water， and other supplies.There is 34.　　　　　　 （usual） no electricity or water after a disaster and diseases and accidents may appear.35.　　　　　　 （save） lives， rescue workers have to work day and night， and sadly they must also bury 36.　　　　　　 dead， which means they have to be strong in both body and mind.And they’ll have to take 37.　　　　　　 （effect） measures in action.The members of the CISAR are always ready to go wherever help is needed.
Section Ⅱ　Using language
基礎知識自測
維度一
1.emergency　2.forecast/forecasted　3.precisely　4.crisis
5.grab　6.reliable　7.claimed　8.threatened
維度二
1.as if waiting for someone
2.If necessary
3.Were I you
4.but Mary angry
5.When asked how to get to the train station
6.if so
7.as much as we used to
8.While walking along the street
9.Although engaged in your study
10.told him not to
維度三
1.while washing bowls　2.Look out for cars when crossing the street　3.See you　4.as if anxious　5.didn’t know why
6.make Tom realise
素養能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了肯尼亞遭受的一場規模空前的蝗災襲擊。
1.A　推理判斷題。根據第二段內容可知，Ndunda Makanga提到“甚至牛也不知所措”以及“蝗蟲的無所不食”，充分說明了這次蝗災的嚴重性。
2.C　細節理解題。根據第三至八段內容可知，作者主要通過列數字的方式來說明這次蝗災的嚴重程度。
3.D　細節理解題。根據倒數第三段內容可知，面對鋪天蓋地的蝗蟲，農民們束手無策。
4.A　觀點態度題。根據最后一段內容可知，Francis Kitoo說他從沒看到過如此多的蝗蟲，并表示最大的擔心是這些蝗蟲將繁殖出下一代蝗蟲。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。洪水作為大自然的一部分，對生態系統既有壞處也有好處。
5.C　詞義猜測題。根據第二段中Floodwaters can pick up dirt from riverbanks， which makes the water dirty.以及畫線詞后的preventing the river from flowing可知，洪水會沿途吸收泥土，而太多的泥土會堵塞河道，使河水無法流淌。由此可推測，畫線詞clog意為“堵塞”，與block意思相近。
6.A　細節理解題。根據第三段第三至五句可知，洪水沿途所攜帶的營養物質可以使土壤更豐富，從而更好地改善生態系統。
7.B　段落大意題。根據第三段主旨句However， not everything about floods is bad.Sometimes they bring new life to ecosystems.可知，第三段主要講的是洪水對生態系統的好處。
8.D　標題歸納題。文章前兩段主要講洪水對生態系統不利的方面，第三段主要講洪水對生態系統的益處，最后一段總結全文，點明主題——洪水是大自然的一部分。因此，D項（洪水：大自然的一部分）為文章最佳標題。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。一次空前的颶風突然襲來，作者一家死里逃生。大難不死的作者深深地為自己的幸運而感恩。
9.D　推理判斷題。根據第二段內容可知，作者聽到孩子的哭聲后認為那是最甜美的聲音——因為自己的女兒還活著。由此判斷，她當時感到慶幸和高興。
10.A　推理判斷題。根據第二至四段內容可知，作者一家之所以能夠死里逃生，主要是因為他們當時做出的明智決定——快速離家去投奔朋友。
11.A　詞義猜測題。根據上下文可知，颶風結束了，作者一家“平安無事”。
12.C　寫作意圖題。根據最后一段內容可知，作者通過分享他們一家人死里逃生的經歷，主要表達了一種感恩的心情。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。老鞋匠的一句“無所事事是萬萬不行的”讓作者深有感觸，并以此自勉。
13.A　根據本空前的I was caught in a storm和本空后的in a small shoe repair shop by the roadside可知，作者回家路遇暴雨，到路邊的一家修鞋店避雨。take cover from rain “避雨”。
14.C　根據第二段中的He became 　18　， moved about the room和saying， “You know， sir， it will never do to be idle.”可知，老鞋匠沒活干時在店里來回走，一閑下來就受不了。由此推斷，作者剛進店時老鞋匠和他的兒子都很忙。
15.D　根據第一段中的we began to chat可知，作者與老鞋匠繼續攀談。
16.B　根據下文中的He became 　18　， moved about the room可知，老鞋匠手頭沒活干，這說明他派兒子去取他干活要用的東西。
17.C　根據下文中的moved about the room， and at last took up a scrap of leather （碎皮革）和saying， “You know， sir， it will never do to be idle.”可知，兒子才走了五分鐘，這位老鞋匠就坐不住了，這說明他是一個閑不住的人。
18.A　根據下文中的moved about the room ... saying， “You know， sir， it will never do to be idle.”可知，老鞋匠在等待兒子回來的過程中一直不想閑著，他變得很不安，在店里來回走，直到最后拿起來一塊碎皮革又開始工作。
19.D　參見上題解析。fall to doing sth開始做某事。
20.B　根據下文中的Some people are idle ... waste so much of my life on idleness.可知，本段內容是雨停后作者在回家路上的思考。think over “仔細考慮，慎重思考”。
21.C　根據本段中的Some people are idle only now and then和I was one of the latter.和to waste so much of my life on idleness可知，作者想到，有的人只是偶爾閑散，而他自己屬于總是閑散的人之一，他因為閑散浪費了很多時間，老鞋匠的話讓他開始感到自己把這么多時間浪費在無所事事上是錯誤的。
22.A　參見上題解析。come home to sb使人（痛苦地）完全明白。
23.D　參見第21題解析。
24.A　根據上文可知，老鞋匠的話讓作者深有感觸，他下定決心要終生以老鞋匠為榜樣。
25.C　根據本段中的at first和But I kept to my ... 可知，剛開始時并不容易，但是作者堅持自己的目標。
26.B　參見上題解析。
27.D　根據空前的Slowly I made good habits at work可知，慢慢地，作者在工作中養成了好習慣，悟到了老鞋匠的話的真諦。
Ⅲ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要講述了中國國際搜救隊自成立以來取得的搜救成績和工作性質。
28.whose　考查定語從句。分析句子結構可知，空處引導定語從句，設空處在從句中作名詞lives的定語，故填whose。
29.its　考查代詞。空后first international rescue mission為名詞短語，故應用形容詞性物主代詞作定語。故填its。
30.bravery　考查詞形轉換。設空處與空后名詞skill為并列關系，應填名詞。故填bravery。
31.to　考查介詞。31.　　　　　　 whom help has been given ever since為定語從句，從句為give sth to sb被動結構，故填to。
32.treated　考查動詞的時態。分析句子結構可知，所填動詞作句子的謂語，結合時間狀語in the 2006 earthquake可知，應用一般過去時。故填treated。
33.giving　考查非謂語動詞。 spend time （in） doing為固定短語，其中in可省略，故填giving。
34.usually　考查詞形轉換。分析句子結構可知，空處作狀語表示頻率，應用副詞。故填usually。
35.To save　考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，空處作目的狀語，應用動詞不定式。設空處位于句首，注意首字母大寫。故填To save。
36.the　考查冠詞。36.　　　　　　 dead應是動詞bury的賓語，形容詞之前加定冠詞the可表一類人，相當于名詞。故填the。
37.effective　考查詞形轉換。分析句子結構可知，修飾名詞應用形容詞作定語。故填effective。
6 / 6Section Ⅱ　Using language
省略
①It’s the hottest on the whole Tube system.
②My office is only on the third floor of the building， so quite low.
③You’d better look out when crossing the street.
④He is the man you can depend on.
⑤Technology isn’t the only way to forecast the weather.Nature has its ways， too.
⑥It shows a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference.
⑦What a wonderful victory for Tom！
【我的發現】
1.句①為　　　　　　的省略，the hottest后省略了　　　　　　。
2.句②為　　　　　　的省略，quite前省略了　　　　　　　　。
3.句③為　　　　　　的省略，when后省略了　　　　　　　　。
4.句④為　　　　　　的省略，you前省略了　　　　　　　　　　　　。
5.句⑤為　　　　　　的省略，ways后省略了　　　　　　　　　　　　。
6.句⑥為　　　　　　的省略，a knowledge前省略了　　　　　　　。
7.句⑦為　　　　　　的省略，for Tom前省略了　　　　　　　　。
為了避免重復，或為了使句子更簡練，在一些句子中常常省去一個或某幾個成分，這種語法現象在英語中叫省略。在英語句子中，常見的省略情況有以下幾種：
一、簡單句中的省略
1.省略主語：一般情況下，主語是不能省略的，但在祈使句和其他不容易引起歧義的情況下，特別是在口語中，主語常常省略，主要是祈使句中的you和疑問句中的主語。
（I） Beg your pardon？
請再說一遍？
2.省略賓語：當前、后兩個句子的賓語一致時，后句常省略賓語。
—Do you know Miss Gao？
——你認識高女士嗎？
—I don’t know （her）.
——我不認識。
3.省略主語和謂語（或謂語的一部分）：在某些具體的場合下，主語和謂語都很明確，此時為了簡化或顯得親切等，可將主語和謂語（或謂語的一部分）同時省略，只剩下表語、賓語、狀語或其他成分。
What a hot day （it is）！
多熱的天啊！（省略了主語和謂語）
（You come） This way， please.
請這邊走。（省略了主語和謂語）
（Have you） Got any ink？
你有墨水嗎？（省略了主語和謂語的一部分）
【即時演練1】　補全下列省略句
①Have a seat， please！
→　　　　　　 have a seat， please！
②Sounds like a good idea.
→　　　　　　 sounds like a good idea.
③Let’s do the dishes.I’ll wash and you dry.
→Let’s do the dishes.I’ll wash and you dry 　　　　　　　　.
④Anything I can do for you？
→　　　　　　　　 anything I can do for you？
二、并列句中的省略
在由and或but連接的并列句中，常省略一些重復的詞或詞組。
1.省略共同的主語或賓語。
I picked up a book and （I） put it on the desk.
我把書撿起來，并把它放在書桌上。
2.若主語不同，而謂語部分的系動詞、助動詞或情態動詞相同，則省略后面的系動詞、助動詞或情態動詞。
Jack must have been playing football and Mary （must have been） doing her homework.
杰克肯定一直在踢足球，瑪麗肯定一直在做家庭作業。
3.若主語與謂語動詞相同，則省略后面的主謂成分。
His words made me happy， but （his words made） Jim angry.
他的話使我高興，卻使吉姆生氣。
4.若主語不同，但主要動詞及后續部分相同，則省略主要動詞及后續部分。
I was born in winter in 2003 and Bob （was born in winter） in 2004.
我出生于2003年的冬天，而鮑勃出生于 2004 年的冬天。
【即時演練2】　寫出下列句中可以省略的部分
①Some of us study Japanese， and others study English. 　　　　　　　
②He gave up drinking several months ago， but he returned to his old way later. 　　　　　　　
③My friend didn’t come to school， but I wonder why he didn’t come to school.　　　　　　　
三、復合句中的省略
1.狀語從句的省略
（1）在when， while， if， as if， though， although， as， until， once， whether， unless， whenever等引導的狀語從句中，當從句主語跟主句主語相同且從句謂語中含有be動詞或從句的主語為it時，則從句中的主語和be動詞常被省略。
As （it is） scheduled， we participated in several instructive activities.
按照計劃安排，我們參加了幾個有指導意義的活動。
His opinion， whether （it is） right or wrong， would be considered.
他的意見，無論對錯，都會被考慮。
You shouldn’t go to his party unless（you are）invited.
你不應該去他的聚會，除非你被邀請。
（2）在than， as等引導的比較狀語從句中常省略某些成分。
They used more water than （it was） necessary.
他們使用的水超出了需要量。
He runs as fast as Bob （runs）.
他和鮑勃跑得一樣快。
名師點津
省略句中的謂語動詞和主語之間構成主動關系，則使用動詞-ing形式；若構成被動關系，則使用過去分詞；若謂語動詞表示的動作尚未發生，則使用動詞不定式。
【即時演練3】　（1）用所給詞的適當形式填空
①When 　　　　　　（walk） down the street， I came across David， whom I hadn’t seen for years.
②These books will be put to good use if 　　　　　　（donate） to the local library.
（2）把下列句子改為省略句
③If it is so， you must have put stamps on the letters before you sent them.
→　　　　　　　　， you must have put stamps on the letters before you sent them.
④The winter in Hangzhou is not so mild as it is in Guangzhou.
→The winter in Hangzhou is not so mild as 　　　　　　　　.
2.定語從句的省略
（1）在限制性定語從句中作賓語的關系代詞that， which， whom可省略。
The computer （which/that） I wanted to buy was sold out.
我想買的那種電腦賣光了。
（2）在定語從句中way作先行詞，且在句中充當方式狀語時，可省略引導定語從句的關系代詞。
I don’t like the way （that） he speaks to me.
我不喜歡他對我說話的方式。
（3）在以the same ...as ...或such ...as ...引導的某些定語從句中，也可省略與主句相同的部分。
I have the same trouble as you （have）.
我和你有同樣的困難。
3.賓語從句的省略
（1）及物動詞后接賓語從句時，連接詞that一般可以省略；但如果及物動詞后接兩個或兩個以上that引導的賓語從句時，那么只有第一個that可以省略。
I do believe （that） I am very qualified for this voluntary work， because I have a good command of spoken English.
我的確相信我適合這個志愿者工作，因為我精通英語口語。
He said （that） the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.
他說這篇課文很重要，我們應該牢記在心。
（2）when， where， how和why引導的賓語從句有時可以僅保留引導詞。
She will come back， but he doesn’t know when （she will come back）.
她會回來的，可是他不知道她什么時候會回來。
【即時演練4】　寫出下列句中可以省略的部分
①Among the dangers which sailors have to face， probably the greatest of all is fog.
　　　　　　　　　
②Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt that he could have expressed it differently. 　　　　　　　　　
③She didn’t go to school yesterday.I don’t know why she didn’t go to school yesterday. 　　　　　　　　　
四、其他省略情況
1.動詞不定式的省略
（1）當動詞不定式在形容詞afraid， anxious， eager， glad， happy， ready， willing等后作狀語時，to后的內容常省略。
You can’t force him to answer the question if he’s not ready to （answer the question）.
如果他不愿意回答這個問題，你不能強迫他。
（2）某些使役動詞（如make， let， have等）和感官動詞（如see， watch， notice， observe， hear等）后面作賓語補足語的動詞不定式須省略to，但若這些動詞用于被動語態，則to不可省略。
We often hear her sing an English song in the classroom.
→She is often heard to sing an English song in the classroom.（被動語態）
我們經常聽見她在教室唱英文歌。
（3）并列的動詞不定式可以省略后面的動詞不定式符號to。但若兩個動詞不定式之間表示對比關系時，不能省略to。
He told me to stay there and （to） wait for him.
他叫我待在那兒等他。
He believes it important to study rather than to make friends.（比較）
他認為最重要的是學習而不是交朋友。
（4）當動詞不定式在某些動詞后作賓語時，常可省略。常見的動詞有agree， afford， expect， forget， hope， know， manage， pretend， remember， refuse， want， wish， would like等。
I would do it for you， but I don’t know how to （do it for you）.
我愿意為你做這件事，但是我不知道怎么去做。
（5）介詞but， except （除了） 前有實義動詞do的某種形式時，后面的動詞不定式不帶to。
All he could do was nothing but wait and see.
他所能做的只有等等看。
（6）當動詞不定式在be going to， be able to， have to， ought to， used to后作復合謂語時，動詞不定式可省略。
They didn’t visit their parents as much as they ought to （visit their parents）.
他們應該多看望父母，但他們沒有。
名師點津
（1）省略的動詞不定式內容若含有作助動詞用的have或be的任何形式時，to后要保留原形的have或be。
（2）類似這樣用法的還有動詞短語ought to， be going to， be about to， be supposed to， have to， used to及形容詞glad， happy， pleased， delighted等。
He didn’t come， but he ought to have （come）.
他沒來，但他本應該來。
—Are you a farmer？
—No， but I used to be （a farmer）.
——你是個農民嗎？
——不是，但我過去是。
【即時演練5】　填空
①My mother wouldn’t let me to go to see the film.
②We can do nothing but to give up.
③He was noticed to leave the office.
④The city now is much noisier than it used to be.
以上句子中，加黑部分能省略的是　　　　，不能省略的是　　　　。
2.使用so， not等時的省略
在英語中，可以用so， not或其他方式來省略上文或問句中的一部分或整個句子。
—Can you finish your work today？
——你今天能完成工作嗎？
—I think so.
——我認為能。
—I don’t think so./I think not.
——我認為不能。
名師點津
hope， guess， be afraid的否定形式只能用not的形式，不能用not ...so的形式。
【即時演練6】　補全句子
①—Is he feeling better today？
—　　　　　　　　 （恐怕沒有好轉）.
②—Tom was injured， or he would have won the race.
—　　　　　　　　 （我認為如此）.
3.介詞的省略
（1）一些與動詞、名詞或形容詞搭配的介詞常常可以省略，而保留介詞后的動詞-ing形式。常見的結構有：
①have difficulty/trouble （in） doing sth
②be busy （in） doing sth
③spend some time （in） doing sth
④stop/prevent sb （from） doing sth
The heavy rain prevented him （from） arriving there on time.
大雨使他沒能按時到達那里。
（2）表示時間的介詞at， on和in在next， last， this， these， yesterday， tomorrow， one， any， every， each， some等詞之前時，一般省略。
We go to school （on） every day except Sundays.
除星期天外，我們每天都上學。
【即時演練7】　補全下列句中省略的介詞
①It was quite light and 　　　　　　any moment now the sun would rise.
②There were plenty of empty seats 　　　　　　that night.
③I have some trouble 　　　　　learning English.
reliable adj.可信賴的，可靠的
【教材原句】　So， for accurate and reliable predictions， it’s best to check an official， scientific report.所以，為了準確可靠的預測，最好核實官方的科學報告。
【用法】　
rely vi.　　　　 　　　依靠；依賴；信任；信賴 rely on/upon　　依靠；依賴 rely on ...to do/doing ...　　依賴……做…… rely on sb/sth for ...　　依賴某人/某物…… rely on it that ...　　指望……；相信……
【佳句】　 Bernard made up his mind to follow their examples to be a reliable person whom others can rely on.
伯納德決定以他們為榜樣，成為一個別人可以依賴的可靠的人。
【點津】　rely on的同義短語
①depend on/upon
②count on/upon
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Don’t rely on 　　　　　　（cheat） in the exam， for you will never get away with it.
②I respect my uncle most because I can rely on him 　　　　　　　　（offer） me some practical suggestions when I am in trouble.
③She left a 　　　　　　（rely） impression on the audience. No wonder she won the election.
【寫美】　補全句子
④You can 　　　　　　　　my introduction can deepen the visitors’ understanding of traditional Chinese culture.
你可以相信我的介紹會加深參觀者對中國傳統文化的了解。（申請信）
rescue n.& vt.營救，解救，救援
【教材原句】　CHINA’S RESCUE EFFORTS IN NEPAL 中國在尼泊爾的救援工作
【用法】　
（1）rescue ...from ...　　從……中營救…… （2）come/go to one’s rescue　　來/去營救某人 rescue workers　　救援人員 a rescue attempt　　一次營救行動 rescue operation　　救援行動 a rescue plan　　一個救援計劃
【佳句】　Whenever I am in danger， I can rely on my elder brother to come to my rescue.
每當我遇到危險時，我都能依靠我哥哥來救我。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①When we were in trouble， a stranger came 　　　　　　our rescue with a generous donation.
②The doctors were operating on the man rescued 　　　　　　the traffic accident.
【寫美】　翻譯句子
③一些救援人員和醫生被困在了廢墟下面，處于危機中。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　
claim v.（戰爭、事故等）奪去（生命）；聲稱；宣稱；索要；認領；獲得 n.主張，聲稱；索賠
【教材原句】　Caused by exceptionally heavy snowfall within a short period of time， they destroyed buildings and forests， and claimed over 256 lives.
由于短時間內異常嚴重的降雪，它們摧毀了建筑物和森林，奪去了256條生命。
【用法】　
（1）claim one’s life　　　　　奪去某人的生命 claim to do sth　　聲稱做某事 claim to have done sth　　聲稱做過某事 claim that ...　　聲稱…… It is claimed that ...　　據稱…… （2）make a claim （for）　　（為……）索賠
【佳句】　He claimed that he could finish the work without any help.
他聲稱不需要任何幫助就可以完成這項工作。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Don’t be taken in by ads claiming 　　　　　　　　（help） you lose weight in a week.
②Tom claimed 　　　　　　　　（see） an alien，but no one believed him.
【寫美】　補全句子
③　　　　　　　　　　　　 humour not only affects patients’ moods， but also helps them recover faster.
據說幽默不僅影響病人的情緒，而且還有助于病人快速康復。
threaten v.威脅到，危及
【教材原句】　It led to a severe food crisis and threatened the livelihoods of more than 9.5 million people.
它導致了嚴重的糧食危機，并威脅到950多萬人的生計。
【用法】　
（1）threaten to do sth　　　　威脅要做某事 threaten sb with sth　　用某物/事威脅某人 （2）threat n.　　威脅 a threat to ...　　對……的威脅 under threat　　受到威脅 （3）threatening adj.　　　　　威脅性的 threatening behaviour　　威脅行為
【佳句】　Traffic issues not only affect our everyday lives， but also threaten people’s lives.
交通問題不僅影響我們的日常生活，而且還危及人們的生命。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The man has been receiving 　　　　　（threaten） phone calls since the early morning.
②These ancient woodlands are 　　　　threat from new road development.
【寫美】　補全句子
③Our neighbour 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　if we didn’t stop the noise.
如果我們不停止喧鬧，我們的鄰居威脅要報警。
Section Ⅱ　Using language
【重難語法·要攻克】
我的發現
1.簡單句中　line
2.并列句中　it is
3.狀語從句　you are
4.定語從句　who/whom/that
5.動詞不定式　to forecast the weather
6.賓語從句　that
7.感嘆句　it is
即時演練1
①You　②It　③them/the dishes　④Is there
即時演練2
①others后的study　②but后的he
③he didn’t come to school
即時演練3
①walking　②donated　③If so　④in Guangzhou
即時演練4
①which　②that
③why后的she didn’t go to school yesterday
即時演練5
①②　③④
即時演練6
①I’m afraid not　②I think so
即時演練7
①at　②on　③in
【知識要點·須拾遺】
1.①cheating　②to offer/offering　③reliable
④rely on it that
2.①to　②from　③Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins and were in crisis.
3.①to help　②to have seen　③It is claimed that
4.①threatening　②under　③threatened to call the police
8 / 8(共107張PPT)
Section Ⅱ　Using language
1
重難語法·要攻克
目 錄
3
課時檢測·提能力
2
知識要點·須拾遺
重難語法·要攻克
掌握核心語法
1
省 略
①It’s the hottest on the whole Tube system.
②My office is only on the third floor of the building， so quite low.
③You’d better look out when crossing the street.
④He is the man you can depend on.
⑤Technology isn’t the only way to forecast the weather.Nature has its
ways， too.
⑥It shows a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference.
⑦What a wonderful victory for Tom！
【我的發現】
1. 句①為 　簡單句中　的省略，the hottest后省略了 　line　。
2. 句②為 　并列句中　的省略，quite前省略了 　it is　。
3. 句③為 　狀語從句　的省略，when后省略了 　you are　。
4. 句④為 　定語從句　的省略，you前省略了 　who/whom/that　。
5. 句⑤為 　動詞不定式　的省略，ways后省略了 　to forecast the
weather　。
6. 句⑥為 　賓語從句　的省略，a knowledge前省略了 　that　。
7. 句⑦為 　感嘆句　的省略，for Tom前省略了 　it is　。
簡單句中　
line　
并列句中　
it is　
狀語從句　
you are　
定語從句　
who/whom/that　
動詞不定式　
to forecast the
weather　
賓語從句　
that　
感嘆句　
it is　
為了避免重復，或為了使句子更簡練，在一些句子中常常省去一個或
某幾個成分，這種語法現象在英語中叫省略。在英語句子中，常見的
省略情況有以下幾種：
一、簡單句中的省略
1. 省略主語：一般情況下，主語是不能省略的，但在祈使句和其他不
容易引起歧義的情況下，特別是在口語中，主語常常省略，主要是
祈使句中的you和疑問句中的主語。
（I） Beg your pardon？
請再說一遍？
2. 省略賓語：當前、后兩個句子的賓語一致時，后句常省略賓語。
—Do you know Miss Gao？
——你認識高女士嗎？
—I don’t know （her）.
——我不認識。
3. 省略主語和謂語（或謂語的一部分）：在某些具體的場合下，
主語和謂語都很明確，此時為了簡化或顯得親切等，可將主語
和謂語（或謂語的一部分）同時省略，只剩下表語、賓語、狀
語或其他成分。
What a hot day （it is）！
多熱的天啊！（省略了主語和謂語）
（You come） This way， please.
請這邊走。（省略了主語和謂語）
（Have you） Got any ink？
你有墨水嗎？（省略了主語和謂語的一部分）
【即時演練1】　補全下列省略句
①Have a seat， please！
→ 　You　 have a seat， please！
②Sounds like a good idea.
→ 　It　 sounds like a good idea.
③Let’s do the dishes.I’ll wash and you dry.
→Let’s do the dishes.I’ll wash and you dry 　them/the dishes　.
④Anything I can do for you？
→ 　Is there　 anything I can do for you？
You　
It　
them/the dishes　
Is there　
二、并列句中的省略
在由and或but連接的并列句中，常省略一些重復的詞或詞組。
1. 省略共同的主語或賓語。
I picked up a book and （I） put it on the desk.
我把書撿起來，并把它放在書桌上。
2. 若主語不同，而謂語部分的系動詞、助動詞或情態動詞相同，則省
略后面的系動詞、助動詞或情態動詞。
Jack must have been playing football and Mary （must have been）
doing her homework.
杰克肯定一直在踢足球，瑪麗肯定一直在做家庭作業。
3. 若主語與謂語動詞相同，則省略后面的主謂成分。
His words made me happy， but （his words made） Jim angry.
他的話使我高興，卻使吉姆生氣。
4. 若主語不同，但主要動詞及后續部分相同，則省略主要動詞及后續
部分。
I was born in winter in 2003 and Bob （was born in winter） in 2004.
我出生于2003年的冬天，而鮑勃出生于 2004 年的冬天。
【即時演練2】 寫出下列句中可以省略的部分
①Some of us study Japanese， and others study English.
　others后的study　
②He gave up drinking several months ago， but he returned to his old
way later. 　but后的he　
③My friend didn’t come to school， but I wonder why he didn’t come
to school. 　he didn’t come to school　
others后的study　
but后的he　
he didn’t come to school　
三、復合句中的省略
1. 狀語從句的省略
（1）在when， while， if， as if， though， although， as， until，
once， whether， unless， whenever等引導的狀語從句中，當
從句主語跟主句主語相同且從句謂語中含有be動詞或從句的
主語為it時，則從句中的主語和be動詞常被省略。
As （it is） scheduled， we participated in several instructive
activities.
按照計劃安排，我們參加了幾個有指導意義的活動。
His opinion， whether （it is） right or wrong， would be
considered.
他的意見，無論對錯，都會被考慮。
You shouldn’t go to his party unless（you are）invited.
你不應該去他的聚會，除非你被邀請。
（2）在than， as等引導的比較狀語從句中常省略某些成分。
They used more water than （it was） necessary.
他們使用的水超出了需要量。
He runs as fast as Bob （runs）.
他和鮑勃跑得一樣快。
名師點津
省略句中的謂語動詞和主語之間構成主動關系，則使用動詞-ing形
式；若構成被動關系，則使用過去分詞；若謂語動詞表示的動作尚未
發生，則使用動詞不定式。
【即時演練3】　（1）用所給詞的適當形式填空
①When 　walking　 （walk） down the street， I came across David，
whom I hadn’t seen for years.
②These books will be put to good use if 　donated　 （donate） to the
local library.
walking　
donated　
（2）把下列句子改為省略句
③If it is so， you must have put stamps on the letters before you
sent them.
→ 　If so　， you must have put stamps on the letters before you
sent them.
④The winter in Hangzhou is not so mild as it is in Guangzhou.
→The winter in Hangzhou is not so mild as 　in Guangzhou　.
If so　
in Guangzhou　
2. 定語從句的省略
（1）在限制性定語從句中作賓語的關系代詞that， which， whom
可省略。
The computer （which/that） I wanted to buy was sold out.
我想買的那種電腦賣光了。
（2）在定語從句中way作先行詞，且在句中充當方式狀語時，可
省略引導定語從句的關系代詞。
I don’t like the way （that） he speaks to me.
我不喜歡他對我說話的方式。
（3）在以the same ...as ...或such ...as ...引導的某些定語從句
中，也可省略與主句相同的部分。
I have the same trouble as you （have）.
我和你有同樣的困難。
3. 賓語從句的省略
（1）及物動詞后接賓語從句時，連接詞that一般可以省略；但如果
及物動詞后接兩個或兩個以上that引導的賓語從句時，那么只
有第一個that可以省略。
I do believe （that） I am very qualified for this voluntary
work， because I have a good command of spoken English.
我的確相信我適合這個志愿者工作，因為我精通英語口語。
He said （that） the text was very important and that we should
learn it by heart.
他說這篇課文很重要，我們應該牢記在心。
（2）when， where， how和why引導的賓語從句有時可以僅保留引
導詞。
She will come back， but he doesn’t know when （she will
come back）.
她會回來的，可是他不知道她什么時候會回來。
【即時演練4】　寫出下列句中可以省略的部分
①Among the dangers which sailors have to face， probably the greatest of
all is fog. 　which　
②Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt that he could have
expressed it differently. 　that　
③She didn’t go to school yesterday.I don’t know why she didn’t go
to school yesterday. 　why后的she didn’t go to school yesterday　
which　
that　
why后的she didn’t go to school yesterday　
四、其他省略情況
1. 動詞不定式的省略
（1）當動詞不定式在形容詞afraid， anxious， eager， glad，
happy， ready， willing等后作狀語時，to后的內容常省略。
You can’t force him to answer the question if he’s not ready
to （answer the question）.
如果他不愿意回答這個問題，你不能強迫他。
（2）某些使役動詞（如make， let， have等）和感官動詞（如
see， watch， notice， observe， hear等）后面作賓語補足語
的動詞不定式須省略to，但若這些動詞用于被動語態，則to
不可省略。
We often hear her sing an English song in the classroom.
→She is often heard to sing an English song in the classroom.
（被動語態）
我們經常聽見她在教室唱英文歌。
（3）并列的動詞不定式可以省略后面的動詞不定式符號to。但若
兩個動詞不定式之間表示對比關系時，不能省略to。
He told me to stay there and （to） wait for him.
他叫我待在那兒等他。
He believes it important to study rather than to make friends.
（比較）
他認為最重要的是學習而不是交朋友。
（4）當動詞不定式在某些動詞后作賓語時，常可省略。常見的動
詞有agree， afford， expect， forget， hope， know，
manage， pretend， remember， refuse， want， wish， would
like等。
I would do it for you， but I don’t know how to （do it for
you）.
我愿意為你做這件事，但是我不知道怎么去做。
（5）介詞but， except （除了） 前有實義動詞do的某種形式時，
后面的動詞不定式不帶to。
All he could do was nothing but wait and see.
他所能做的只有等等看。
（6）當動詞不定式在be going to， be able to， have to， ought to，
used to后作復合謂語時，動詞不定式可省略。
They didn’t visit their parents as much as they ought to （visit
their parents）.
他們應該多看望父母，但他們沒有。
名師點津
（1）省略的動詞不定式內容若含有作助動詞用的have或be的任何形
式時，to后要保留原形的have或be。
（2）類似這樣用法的還有動詞短語ought to， be going to， be about
to， be supposed to， have to， used to及形容詞glad， happy，
pleased， delighted等。
He didn’t come， but he ought to have （come）.
他沒來，但他本應該來。
—Are you a farmer？
—No， but I used to be （a farmer）.
——你是個農民嗎？
——不是，但我過去是。
【即時演練5】　填空
①My mother wouldn’t let me to go to see the film.
②We can do nothing but to give up.
③He was noticed to leave the office.
④The city now is much noisier than it used to be.
以上句子中，加藍部分能省略的是 　①②　，不能省略的是 　③
④　。
①②　
③
④　
2. 使用so， not等時的省略
在英語中，可以用so， not或其他方式來省略上文或問句中的一部
分或整個句子。
—Can you finish your work today？
——你今天能完成工作嗎？
—I think so.
——我認為能。
—I don’t think so./I think not.
——我認為不能。
名師點津
hope， guess， be afraid的否定形式只能用not的形式，不能用
not ...so的形式。
【即時演練6】　補全句子
①—Is he feeling better today？
— 　I’m afraid not　 （恐怕沒有好轉）.
②—Tom was injured， or he would have won the race.
— 　I think so　 （我認為如此）.
3. 介詞的省略
（1）一些與動詞、名詞或形容詞搭配的介詞常常可以省略，而保
留介詞后的動詞-ing形式。常見的結構有：
①have difficulty/trouble （in） doing sth
②be busy （in） doing sth
③spend some time （in） doing sth
④stop/prevent sb （from） doing sth
I’m afraid not　
I think so　
The heavy rain prevented him （from） arriving there on time.
大雨使他沒能按時到達那里。
（2）表示時間的介詞at， on和in在next， last， this， these，
yesterday， tomorrow， one， any， every， each， some等詞
之前時，一般省略。
We go to school （on） every day except Sundays.
除星期天外，我們每天都上學。
【即時演練7】　補全下列句中省略的介詞
①It was quite light and 　at　 any moment now the sun would rise.
②There were plenty of empty seats 　on　 that night.
③I have some trouble 　in　 learning English.
at　
on　
in　
知識要點·須拾遺
關注高頻詞匯
2
reliable adj.可信賴的，可靠的
【教材原句】　So， for accurate and reliable predictions， it’s best to
check an official， scientific report.
所以，為了準確可靠的預測，最好核實官方的科學報告。
【用法】
rely vi.　　依靠；依賴；信任；信賴
rely on/upon　　依靠；依賴
rely on ...to do/doing ...　　依賴……做……
rely on sb/sth for ...　　依賴某人/某物……
rely on it that ...　　指望……；相信……
【佳句】　 Bernard made up his mind to follow their examples to be a
reliable person whom others can rely on.
伯納德決定以他們為榜樣，成為一個別人可以依賴的可靠的人。
【點津】 rely on的同義短語
①depend on/upon ②count on/upon
【練透】 單句語法填空
①Don’t rely on 　cheating　 （cheat） in the exam， for you will never get away with it.
②I respect my uncle most because I can rely on him 　to offer/offering　 （offer） me some practical suggestions when I am in trouble.
③She left a 　reliable　 （rely） impression on the audience. No wonder she won the election.
cheating　
to offer/offering　
reliable　
【寫美】　補全句子
④You can 　rely on it that　 my introduction can deepen the visitors’
understanding of traditional Chinese culture.
你可以相信我的介紹會加深參觀者對中國傳統文化的了解。（申
請信）
rely on it that　
rescue n.& vt.營救，解救，救援
【教材原句】　CHINA’S RESCUE EFFORTS IN NEPAL 中國在尼
泊爾的救援工作
【用法】
（1）rescue ...from ...　　　從……中營救……
（2）come/go to one’s rescue　　來/去營救某人
rescue workers　　救援人員
a rescue attempt　　一次營救行動
rescue operation　　救援行動
a rescue plan　　一個救援計劃
【佳句】　Whenever I am in danger， I can rely on my elder brother to
come to my rescue.
每當我遇到危險時，我都能依靠我哥哥來救我。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①When we were in trouble， a stranger came 　to　 our rescue with a
generous donation.
②The doctors were operating on the man rescued 　from　 the traffic
accident.
to　
from　
【寫美】　翻譯句子
③一些救援人員和醫生被困在了廢墟下面，處于危機中。
Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins and
were in crisis.
Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins and
were in crisis.
claim v.（戰爭、事故等）奪去（生命）；聲稱；宣稱；索要；認
領；獲得 n.主張，聲稱；索賠
【教材原句】　Caused by exceptionally heavy snowfall within a short
period of time， they destroyed buildings and forests， and claimed over
256 lives.
由于短時間內異常嚴重的降雪，它們摧毀了建筑物和森林，奪去了
256條生命。
【用法】
（1）claim one’s life　　　　　　奪去某人的生命
claim to do sth　　聲稱做某事
claim to have done sth　　聲稱做過某事
claim that ...　　聲稱……
It is claimed that ...　　據稱……
（2）make a claim （for）　　（為……）索賠
【佳句】　He claimed that he could finish the work without any help.
他聲稱不需要任何幫助就可以完成這項工作。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Don’t be taken in by ads claiming 　to help　 （help） you lose
weight in a week.
②Tom claimed 　to have seen　 （see） an alien，but no one believed
him.
to help　
to have seen　
【寫美】　補全句子
③ 　It is claimed that　 humour not only affects patients’ moods， but
also helps them recover faster.
據說幽默不僅影響病人的情緒，而且還有助于病人快速康復。
It is claimed that　
threaten v.威脅到，危及
【教材原句】　It led to a severe food crisis and threatened the
livelihoods of more than 9.5 million people.
它導致了嚴重的糧食危機，并威脅到950多萬人的生計。
（1）threaten to do sth　　威脅要做某事
threaten sb with sth　　用某物/事威脅某人
（2）threat n.　　威脅
a threat to ...　　對……的威脅
under threat　　受到威脅
（3）threatening adj.　　威脅性的
threatening behaviour　　威脅行為
【用法】
【佳句】　Traffic issues not only affect our everyday lives， but also
threaten people’s lives.
交通問題不僅影響我們的日常生活，而且還危及人們的生命。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The man has been receiving 　threatening　 （threaten） phone calls
since the early morning.
②These ancient woodlands are 　under　 threat from new road
development.
threatening　
under　
【寫美】　補全句子
③Our neighbour 　threatened to call the police　 if we didn’t stop the
noise.
如果我們不停止喧鬧，我們的鄰居威脅要報警。
threatened to call the police　
課時檢測·提能力
培育學科素養
3
維度一：基礎題型練
品句填詞
1. The government has declared a state of 　emergency　 （緊急情況）
following the tsunami.
2. More rain is 　forecast/forecasted　 （預報） for the area over the
next 24 hours.
emergency　
forecast/forecasted　
3. Nobody knows 　precisely　 （精確地） how many people survived
the air crash.
4. In times of 　crisis　 （危機）， it is crucial for emergency services
to respond promptly and efficiently to ensure the safety of the
community.
5. This is a big chance， and you should 　grab　 （抓住） it with both
hands； maybe it can change your life.
6. Tom is an honest and reliable　 student.Therefore， we recommend
him as our monitor.
precisely　
crisis　
grab　
eliable　
7. The poor man was tricked into sending money to an unknown man，
who claimed　 to be a bank clerk.
8. When the post office was threatened　 with being closed in the 1980s，
a villager， Pat， came up with a plan to save it.
laimed　
hreatened　
維度二：語法與寫作
句型轉換（用省略句改寫下列句子）
1. She stood at the gate as if she was waiting for someone.
→She stood at the gate 　as if waiting for someone　.
2. If it is necessary， our school will provide the students with the
language training courses.
→ 　If necessary　， our school will provide the students with the
language training courses.
3. If I were you， I would apply for the project.
→ 　Were I you　， I would apply for the project.
as if waiting for someone　
If necessary　
Were I you　
4. His suggestion made John happy， but his suggestion made Mary
angry.
→His suggestion made John happy， 　but Mary angry　.
5. When I was asked how to get to the train station， I told him right
away.
→ 　When asked how to get to the train station　， I told him right
away.
6. You can ask my brother for help if it is so.
→You can ask my brother for help 　if so　.
but Mary angry　
When asked how to get to the train station　
if so　
7. We don’t go to the cinema as much as we used to go to the cinema.
→We don’t go to the cinema 　as much as we used to　.
8. While I was walking along the street， I heard my name called.
→ 　While walking along the street　， I heard my name called.
as much as we used to　
While walking along the street　
9. Although you are engaged in your study， you should set aside some
time to get involved in some outdoor activities such as hiking and
skiing.
→ 　Although engaged in your study　， you should set aside some
time to get involved in some outdoor activities such as hiking and
skiing.
Although engaged in your study　
10. The boy used to play with the knife though his father told him not to
play with the knife.
→The boy used to play with the knife though his father 　told him not
to　.
told him not
to　
維度三：語法與語篇
根據括號內的漢語提示，用省略結構完成下面語段。
　　After breakfast， Mom was doing housework in the kitchen.She
talked to Tom 1. 　while washing bowls　 （洗碗時） and plates.She
said to Tom，“2. 　Look out for cars when crossing the street　 （過馬
路時當心車輛）， my dear.” Tom usually said to his mom，
“3. 　See you　 （再見）， Mom.” However， this time， she heard
nothing.Tom hurriedly left home 4. 　as if anxious　 （好像很著
急）.She considered Tom rude this time， but she 5. 　didn’t know
why　 （不知道為什么）.She thought she would 6. 　make Tom
realise　 （讓湯姆意識到） his wrong doings when he came back from
school.
while washing bowls　
Look out for cars when crossing the street　
See you　
as if anxious　
didn’t know
why　
make Tom
realise　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　The worst outbreak of desert locusts （蝗蟲） in Kenya in 70 years
has seen hundreds of millions of the bugs swarm into the East African
nation from Somalia and Ethiopia.Those two countries have not had an
infestation （侵擾） like this in a quarter-century， destroying farmland
and threatening the region with serious hunger.
　　“Even cows are wondering what is happening，” said Ndunda
Makanga， who spent hours Friday trying to chase the locusts from his
farm.“Corn， sorghum， cowpeas， they have eaten everything.”
　　“Even a small swarm of the insects can consume enough food for
35，000 people in a single day，” said Jens Laerke of the UN
humanitarian office in Geneva.
　　About 70，000 hectares — 172，973 acres — of land in Kenya are
attacked.A single swarm can contain up to 150 million locusts per square
kilometer of farmland — an area the size of almost 250 football fields，
authorities say.
　　“We must act immediately，” said David Phiri of the UN Food and
Agricultural Organization.
　　About $70 million is needed to step up aerial pesticide （殺蟲劑）
spraying， the only effective way to fight them， the UN says.That
won’t be easy， especially in Somalia.
　　Astonished by the finger-length insects， children dash here and
there， waving blankets to shake the locusts free.Farmers are afraid to let
their cattle out for grazing， and their crops are in danger， but there is
little they can do.
　　One especially large swarm in northeastern Kenya measured 60
kilometers long by 40 kilometers wide （37 miles long by 25 miles
wide）.
　　“The locals are really scared because they can consume
everything，” said Francis Kitoo， deputy director of agriculture in
southeastern Kenya’s Kitui county.“I’ve never seen such a big
number.” He expressed his own concern about the locusts.“They will
lay eggs and start another generation，” he said.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了肯尼亞遭受的一場規模
空前的蝗災襲擊。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了肯尼亞遭受的一場規模
空前的蝗災襲擊。
1. What did Ndunda Makanga want to express about the outbreak of
locusts？（　　）
A. It’s very serious.
B. It’s very surprising.
C. It happens frequently.
D. It leads to heavy losses.
解析： 　推理判斷題。根據第二段內容可知，Ndunda Makanga提
到“甚至牛也不知所措”以及“蝗蟲的無所不食”，充分說明了這
次蝗災的嚴重性。
2. How does the author describe the outbreak of locusts？（　　）
A. By telling some stories.
B. By providing some facts.
C. By listing some numbers.
D. By giving some examples.
解析： 　細節理解題。根據第三至八段內容可知，作者主要通過
列數字的方式來說明這次蝗災的嚴重程度。
3. How did the farmers react to the big number of locusts？（　　）
A. They were very brave.
B. They let their cattle out.
C. They sprayed pesticide.
D. They were helpless indeed.
解析： 　細節理解題。根據倒數第三段內容可知，面對鋪天蓋地
的蝗蟲，農民們束手無策。
4. What’s Francis Kitoo’s attitude towards the future？（　　）
A. Worried. B. Confused.
C. Confident. D. Disappointed.
解析： 　觀點態度題。根據最后一段內容可知，Francis Kitoo說
他從沒看到過如此多的蝗蟲，并表示最大的擔心是這些蝗蟲將繁殖
出下一代蝗蟲。
B
　　Rivers are very important.Humans rely on them for food and
water.But rivers can destroy things， too.They can flood， or rise over
their banks， making the water run into the nearby land.Floods can also
kill humans and wildlife.However， floods are not always bad.Some
ecosystems need them every once in a while.
　　Flooding can not only drown animals but also destroy habitats.For
example， a flood in India in 2012 killed many one-horned
rhinos.Floodwaters can pick up dirt from riverbanks， which makes the
water dirty.Too much dirt will clog rivers and streams， preventing the
river from flowing.Sometimes floodwaters can carry pollution to the sea
and harm marine life.In addition， floodwaters can carry disease，
including hepatitis A and cholera.
　　However， not everything about floods is bad.Sometimes they bring
new life to ecosystems.Floodwaters carry nutrients to the nearby
land.Over time， the water dries up and leaves behind particles （微粒）
of dirt and mud.The particles are called sediment （沉淀物） which can
be good due to its ability to improve the dirt and help plants grow.Floods
are important to some animals as well.For instance， some animals see
floods as a sign that it is time to mate or migrate.Floods leave sediment on
river beds where baby fish can grow and carry nutrients for small animals
in the water to eat.Moreover， in dry seasons， water might dry up， but
floods help refill the wetlands， keeping the ecosystem going.
　　Floods are a part of nature.They can destroy living things and the
environment.But some ecosystems need floods to survive.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。洪水作為大自然的一部分，對生態
系統既有壞處也有好處。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。洪水作為大自然的一部分，對生態
系統既有壞處也有好處。
5. What’s the possible meaning of the underlined word “clog” in
Paragraph 2？（　　）
A. Become. B. Pollute.
C. Block. D. Develop.
解析： 　詞義猜測題。根據第二段中Floodwaters can pick up dirt
from riverbanks， which makes the water dirty.以及畫線詞后的
preventing the river from flowing可知，洪水會沿途吸收泥土，而太
多的泥土會堵塞河道，使河水無法流淌。由此可推測，畫線詞clog
意為“堵塞”，與block意思相近。
6. How do floods help ecosystems？（　　）
A. Nutrients carried by floods can make soil richer.
B. Floods make all the animals migrate more easily.
C. Tiny fish going with floods feed some animals.
D. Floods can improve the dirt and help plants grow.
解析： 　細節理解題。根據第三段第三至五句可知，洪水沿途所
攜帶的營養物質可以使土壤更豐富，從而更好地改善生態系統。
7. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3？（　　）
A. The way in which floods feed animals.
B. The benefits of floods to ecosystems.
C. An effective means of improving soil.
D. The reason for people’s appreciating floods.
解析： 　段落大意題。根據第三段主旨句However， not
everything about floods is bad.Sometimes they bring new life to
ecosystems.可知，第三段主要講的是洪水對生態系統的好處。
8. What’s the best title for this article？（　　）
A. Many Effects of Flooding
B. The Secret of Flooding
C. Floods： Everything Is So Bad
D. Floods： A Part of Nature
解析： 　標題歸納題。文章前兩段主要講洪水對生態系統不利的
方面，第三段主要講洪水對生態系統的益處，最后一段總結全文，
點明主題——洪水是大自然的一部分。因此，D項（洪水：大自然
的一部分）為文章最佳標題。
C
　　Brushing my teeth， I heard what sounded like branches scraping
（刮擦） the roof.I paused， wondering what it could be.Then I thought
that must have been Hurricane Isabel， which was blowing her way
through our city in September 2003.
　　Then I heard the sound of breaking glass.A second later， the entire
house shook.My husband and I stared at each other in frozen horror before
rushing to check on our baby daughter asleep in her bed.The sound had
scared her awake — never had a cry sounded so sweet — and my husband
gratefully snatched （抱起） her up and ran to the relative safety of our
room.
　　Then we ventured out.My husband started the car while I hurried
across the street to let a neighbour know we were okay and heading to a
friend’s home.Shaking but grateful to be alive， we drove away.
　　The next morning， bright sunlight clearly displayed the storm’s
destruction.We returned home to see that a giant tree in the center of our
yard had effectively split our house in two！
　　As we stood on the sidewalk wondering what to do， a local fire
truck pulled up.The firefighters informed us that our home had received
the worst damage in the city.When we meet neighbours for the first
time， their eyes pop when they realise we live in the house the tree fell
through.
　　In the days and weeks that followed， we remembered the feeling of
relief when we realised that everyone in our lives who mattered was
unscathed — me， my husband， our daughter and even our two pets.
　　Yes， we lost many things.But those things were replaceable and the
damage was temporary.
　　Every so often we pull out the photos of the tree’s destruction and
feel surprised at how blessed we were — and still are.Whenever we begin
to feel ungrateful or unsatisfied with what we have， those photos and
memories offer a reminder of how we came through that trial.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。一次空前的颶風突然襲來，作
者一家死里逃生。大難不死的作者深深地為自己的幸運而感恩。
9. How did the author feel when she heard the baby crying？（　　）
A. Sad. B. Curious.
C. Surprised. D. Delighted.
解析： 　推理判斷題。根據第二段內容可知，作者聽到孩子的哭
聲后認為那是最甜美的聲音——因為自己的女兒還活著。由此判
斷，她當時感到慶幸和高興。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。一次空前的颶風突然襲來，作
者一家死里逃生。大難不死的作者深深地為自己的幸運而感恩。
10. What made the author and her husband survive the terrible accident？
（　　）
A. Their leaving home quickly.
B. Their calling the firefighters.
C. Their receiving help from neighbours.
D. Their fighting with hurricane bravely.
解析： 　推理判斷題。根據第二至四段內容可知，作者一家之
所以能夠死里逃生，主要是因為他們當時做出的明智決定——快
速離家去投奔朋友。
11. What does the underlined word “unscathed” in Paragraph 6 mean？
（　　）
A. Not injured. B. Not affected.
C. Not included. D. Not disturbed.
解析： 　詞義猜測題。根據上下文可知，颶風結束了，作者一
家“平安無事”。
12. What’s the author’s purpose of writing the text？（　　）
A. To describe a terrible natural disaster.
B. To thank her neighbours and firefighters.
C. To show the importance of being thankful.
D. To tell us what to do in the face of a hurricane.
解析： 　寫作意圖題。根據最后一段內容可知，作者通過分享
他們一家人死里逃生的經歷，主要表達了一種感恩的心情。
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　One day on my way home I was caught in a storm.I took 　13　
from rain in a small shoe repair shop by the roadside.The cobbler （修鞋
匠） and his son were 　14　 their work， and after saying， “Good
day，” we began to chat.
　　As our 　15　 went on， the skilled man sent his son out to 　16　
something that he needed for his work.The boy had only been gone five
minutes， but it was too long for the 　17　 old cobbler to be idle （閑散
的）.He became 　18　， moved about the room， and at last took up a
scrap of leather （碎皮革） and fell to 　19　 it， saying， “You
know， sir， it will never do to be idle.”
　　As soon as the rain was over， I was on my way home， 　20　
what I had heard — “It will never do to be idle.” Some people are idle
only now and then， and some are 　21　 idle.I was one of the latter.So
the old man’s 　22　 came home to me.I began to feel how 　23　 it
was to waste so much of my life on idleness.
　　I made up my mind to follow the cobbler’s 　24　 for the rest of my
life.Oh， it was very 　25　 at first！ But I kept to my 　26　.Slowly I
made good habits at work， and found the 　27　 of the cobbler’s
words， “It will never do to be idle.”
語篇解讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。老鞋匠的一句“無所事事是萬
萬不行的”讓作者深有感觸，并以此自勉。
13. A. cover B. time
C. courage D. pleasure
解析： 　根據本空前的I was caught in a storm和本空后的in a
small shoe repair shop by the roadside可知，作者回家路遇暴雨，到
路邊的一家修鞋店避雨。take cover from rain “避雨”。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。老鞋匠的一句“無所事事是萬
萬不行的”讓作者深有感觸，并以此自勉。
14. A. worried about B. aware of
C. busy at D. new to
解析： 根據第二段中的He became 　18　， moved about the
room和saying， “You know， sir， it will never do to be idle.”可
知，老鞋匠沒活干時在店里來回走，一閑下來就受不了。由此推
斷，作者剛進店時老鞋匠和他的兒子都很忙。
15. A. business B. story
C. report D. conversation
解析： 　根據第一段中的we began to chat可知，作者與老鞋匠繼
續攀談。
16. A. improve B. get C. fix D. learn
解析： 　根據下文中的He became 　18　， moved about the
room可知，老鞋匠手頭沒活干，這說明他派兒子去取他干活要用
的東西。
17. A. fair B. lucky C. active D. familiar
解析： 　根據下文中的moved about the room， and at last took up
a scrap of leather （碎皮革）和saying， “You know， sir， it will
never do to be idle.”可知，兒子才走了五分鐘，這位老鞋匠就坐
不住了，這說明他是一個閑不住的人。
18. A. uneasy B. lonely
C. impolite D. tired
解析： 　根據下文中的moved about the room ... saying， “You
know， sir， it will never do to be idle.”可知，老鞋匠在等待兒子
回來的過程中一直不想閑著，他變得很不安，在店里來回走，直
到最后拿起來一塊碎皮革又開始工作。
19. A. charging for B. laughing at
C. referring to D. working on
解析： 　參見上題解析。fall to doing sth開始做某事。
20. A. looking into B. thinking over
C. taking down D. speaking of
解析： 　根據下文中的Some people are idle ... waste so much of
my life on idleness.可知，本段內容是雨停后作者在回家路上的思
考。think over “仔細考慮，慎重思考”。
21. A. also B. just C. always D. once
解析： 　根據本段中的Some people are idle only now and then和I
was one of the latter.和to waste so much of my life on idleness可知，
作者想到，有的人只是偶爾閑散，而他自己屬于總是閑散的人之
一，他因為閑散浪費了很多時間，老鞋匠的話讓他開始感到自己
把這么多時間浪費在無所事事上是錯誤的。
22. A. words B. jokes
C. dreams D. abilities
解析： 參見上題解析。come home to sb使人（痛苦地）完
全明白。
23. A. risky B. common
C. addicted D. wrong
解析： 　參見第21題解析。
24. A. example B. goal
C. method D. advice
解析： 　根據上文可知，老鞋匠的話讓作者深有感觸，他下定
決心要終生以老鞋匠為榜樣。
25. A. funny B. silly C. hard D. serious
解析： 　根據本段中的at first和But I kept to my ... 可知，剛開
始時并不容易，但是作者堅持自己的目標。
26. A. interest B. purpose C. style D. role
解析： 　參見上題解析。
27. A. topic B. symbol C. rest D. truth
解析：D　根據空前的Slowly I made good habits at work可知，慢
慢地，作者在工作中養成了好習慣，悟到了老鞋匠的話的真諦。
Ⅲ.語法填空
　　Formed in 2002， the China International Search and Rescue Team
（CISAR） brings help and hope to those 28. 　　　　　　 lives are
changed by natural disasters.
　　The team carried out 29. 　　　　　　 （it） first international
rescue mission in 2003.It was the first time that a Chinese team had
worked outside China， and the team won high praise for their
30. 　　　　　　 （brave） and skill.The list of people
31. 　　　　　　 whom help has been given ever since is long.The team
32. 　　　　　　 （treat） more than 3，000 people who were injured in
the 2006 earthquake in Indonesia， and spent several months
33. 　　　　　　 （give） aid to over 25，000 victims of the 2010
floods in Pakistan.
　　Rescue workers are trained to find people， treat injuries， and hand
out food， water， and other supplies.There is 34. 　　　　　　
（usual） no electricity or water after a disaster and diseases and accidents
may appear.35. 　　　　　　 （save） lives， rescue workers have to
work day and night， and sadly they must also bury 36. 　　　　　　
dead， which means they have to be strong in both body and mind.And
they’ll have to take 37. 　　　　　　 （effect） measures in
action.The members of the CISAR are always ready to go wherever help is
needed.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要講述了中國國際搜救隊
自成立以來取得的搜救成績和工作性質。
28. whose　考查定語從句。分析句子結構可知，空處引導定語從句，
設空處在從句中作名詞lives的定語，故填whose。
29. its　考查代詞。空后first international rescue mission為名詞短語，
故應用形容詞性物主代詞作定語。故填its。
30. bravery　考查詞形轉換。設空處與空后名詞skill為并列關系，應
填名詞。故填bravery。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要講述了中國國際搜救隊
自成立以來取得的搜救成績和工作性質。
31. to　考查介詞。31. 　　　　　　 whom help has been given ever
since為定語從句，從句為give sth to sb被動結構，故填to。
32. treated　考查動詞的時態。分析句子結構可知，所填動詞作句子
的謂語，結合時間狀語in the 2006 earthquake可知，應用一般過去時。
故填treated。
33. giving　考查非謂語動詞。 spend time （in） doing為固定短語，
其中in可省略，故填giving。
34. usually　考查詞形轉換。分析句子結構可知，空處作狀語表示頻
率，應用副詞。故填usually。
35. To save　考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，空處作目的狀
語，應用動詞不定式。設空處位于句首，注意首字母大寫。故填To
save。
36. the　考查冠詞。36. 　　　　　　 dead應是動詞bury的賓語，形
容詞之前加定冠詞the可表一類人，相當于名詞。故填the。
37. effective　考查詞形轉換。分析句子結構可知，修飾名詞應用形容
詞作定語。故填effective。
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