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Section Ⅱ　Using language
維度一：基礎題型練
用適當的關系代詞或關系副詞填空
1.It is common that all the cinemas are almost full of audience， 　　　　　　are holding popcorn and drinks.
2.　　　　　　 is apparently shown in the chart above， there are about 10％ students supporting the idea.
3.I came across my primary school teacher this morning， with 　　　　　　I have been out of touch for almost 20 years.
4.My sisters， 　　　　　　photos I showed you yesterday， will come to see us this evening.
5.It is the third time that Jim has failed the driving test， 　　　　　　makes him disheartened.
6.Mr Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990s， 　　　　　　he gave it to his grandson.
7.It all began in 1877， 　　　　　　Thomas Edison made the first recording of a human voice on his invention， the record player.
8.The building， 　　　　　　an important conference is being held， is in the center of the city.
9.The custom has come down to us from our ancestors， 　　　　　　developed it a long time ago.
10.The course normally attracts 50 students a term， of 　　　　　　up to half are from overseas.
維度二：語法與寫作
補全句子
1.　　　　　　　　　　　　， “Where there is a will，there is a way.”
正如一句古老諺語所說，“有志者，事竟成。”
2.We appreciated the rich cultural treasures here， 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我們欣賞了這里豐富的文化瑰寶，在這里我們學到了許多歷史知識。
3.He will put off the picnic until May 1st， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
他將把野餐推遲到5月1號，那時他將有空。
4.Last Sunday I happened to meet Li Li in the street， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
上星期天我碰巧在街上遇到了李立，他似乎很忙。
5.Julie is good at German， French and Russian， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
朱莉擅長德語、法語和俄語，這三種語言她都說得很流利。
6.I bought a lot of books， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我買了很多書，花掉了我節省下來的所有的錢。
7.As I was getting out of the car， I saw my son， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， waiting for me nearby.
當我下車的時候，我看到已經一個月沒見的兒子正在附近等著我。
8.In reality， people under thirty account for most of the netizens， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
事實上，30歲以下的人占網民總數的大多數，其中一些人對網絡上癮。
9.This course is mainly targeted at beginners， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　they can lay a good foundation for Chinese characters.
這門課程主要針對初學者，其作者希望他們能打好漢字的基礎。
10.The West Lake， 　　　　　　　　　　　　， is very beautiful.
西湖很美，杭州以西湖而聞名。
維度三：語法與語篇
用適當的連詞或關系詞完成下面短文
　　Nat， 1.　　　　　　 was ten years old， lived in a small town in England.He always stayed in England for his holidays， 2.　　　　　　 one day he decided to go to Spain， 3.　　　　　　 all his friends liked to go for their holidays.First he went to Madrid， 4.　　　　　　 is the Spanish capital， and stayed in a small hotel.On the first morning， he went out for a walk.In England， people drive on the left.But in Spain， they drive on the right， 5.　　　　　　 he forgot.6.　　　 　　 he was walking along a busy street， a bike 7.　　　 　　 came before him， knocked him down.Nat was sent to the hospital， in 8.　　　　　　 the girl 9.　　　　　　 rode the bike said sorry to him.After two days， Nat left Spain and returned to England.He told his friends that he wouldn’t forget the days 10.　　　　　　 he stayed in Spain.
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　Everybody likes to laugh sometimes， whether at a funny joke， an amusing incident or a comical photograph or sound.The great thing is that once we’ve had a good laugh， we feel happier.It would seem， therefore， that bringing a bit of humour into more serious situations might be good for us.
　　Places like a humourless office or a tense classroom could sometimes do with a good dose of laughter.Seeing the funny side of things can certainly lift our spirits and that in turn can make us feel better about what we’re doing.Maybe we should get inspiration from Steve Carlisle， president of General Motors of Canada.He says “Humour can help people feel more relaxed， more comfortable and thus be more effective at what they do.” Humour can be used by teachers in the classroom too.It’s a good way to break the ice with students and create a more relaxed atmosphere which is good for learning.
　　But we have to be careful： not everyone laughs at the same things.While some of us may admire a work colleague or fellow student for their well-told joke， others may consider them offensive！According to Professor Schweitzer， from the University of Philadelphia’s Wharton School， a worker or boss who successfully uses humour is seen as both confident and competent， which in turn increases his or her status.His study Risky Business：When Humour Increases and Decreases Status also found that someone who tells inappropriate jokes is also seen as confident but they’re also regarded as incompetent.
　　So telling the right jokes in the office or classroom can spread some happiness.A study published in The Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management in 2006， which found for healthcare workers， emotional exhaustion was significantly lower among those who experienced greater levels of fun at work.And other research has discovered that teams who share more jokes gave more supportive and constructive statements to each other and that’s no joke！
1.In what way does Steve Carlisle try to get along with his employees？
A.Helpful ways.　　　　 B.Inspiring ways.
C.Confident ways. D.Humorous ways.
2.What should a new teacher do if he or she is to appear confident and competent？
A.Try to be relaxed. B.Try to be careful.
C.Tell jokes. D.Keep calm.
3.What does the underlined phrase “break the ice” in Paragraph 2 probably mean？
A.Have a conversation. B.Have an argument.
C.Break a habit. D.Talk about ice.
4.What is someone seen as when they tell unsuitable jokes？
A.Easy-going. B.Incapable.
C.Stupid. D.Enjoyable.
B
　　Former British Prime Minister Winston Churchill once said that the British are the only people who like to be told how bad things are.This is true of British comedy.Most people think humour is about happy things， but for the British， the opposite is true.We love to use our sense of humour to complain and be negative.
　　British comedy， for example， draws a fine line between comedy and tragedy.The Office is a TV show， famous for its dry humour.The main character， David Brent， is a foolish man， and the show’s comedy comes from his delusions.For example， he often tells himself that he is loved by everyone but the viewers can see that everyone hates him.
　　Stupid characters for the audience to laugh at are an old tradition in Britain.In Shakespeare’s play Twelfth Night， the character Malvolio is an old man whom people play tricks on.The audience will laugh away， although the reality is that this man is a truly tragic individual （個人）.
　　This side of British humour is reflected in friendships as well.At university， my friends and I would always laugh at one another.I had an American friend who actually found this sarcasm （挖苦） quite upsetting.She didn’t realize that in Britain， the better friends you are with someone， the more you laugh at him or her.This way — laughing at everything — may sound rather depressing， but our strange humour played a big part in British history.In the Second World War， along with a stiff upper lip， the British got through it by laughing.What else was there to do？
　　There is a saying in English：“Laugh and the world laughs with you； weep and you weep alone.”If you are ever on the receiving end of British sarcasm， you may feel like crying， but it’s best to just laugh it off！
5.How is British humour different from others？
A.It often concerns human nature.
B.It is often surprising and negative.
C.It is often about the bad things in life.
D.It often makes people feel depressed.
6.What does the underlined word “delusions” in Paragraph 2 mean？
A.Strong abilities.　　　　 　B.Kind gestures.
C.Wrong beliefs. D.Deep doubts.
7.Why is Shakespeare’s play Twelfth Night mentioned？
A.To show one of the best examples of British comedy.
B.To praise Shakespeare for his representative works.
C.To stress the difficulty of getting people to accept British comedy.
D.To prove Britain has a tradition of laughing at stupid characters.
8.How does the author advise people to react to British sarcasm？
A.Learn from it.
B.Not take it seriously.
C.Forget about the upsetting things.
D.Be careful not to make stupid mistakes.
C
　　Dr.Wiseman started “the laugh lab” project in September.It is the largest study of humour.Participants are invited to log on to the laugh lab website， give a few personal details， tell their favourite jokes and judge the jokes told by other people.
　　The project will last for a year， and the organisers hope to finally discover the world’s funniest joke.But there is also a serious purpose.The researchers want to know what people from different nations and cultures find funny.And they want to find out the difference between the male and female sense of humour.The idea is that if we want to understand each other， we have to find out what makes us laugh.
　　This is a subject that has long attracted psychologists and philosophers.Most of the time， people are not completely honest.We do things that society expects us to and say things that help us get what we want.But laughing cannot be controlled.When we laugh， we tell the truth about ourselves.By December over 10，000 jokes had been submitted （遞交）.This gave the scientists enough evidence to make early conclusions.It seems that men and women do have different senses of humour， for instance.
　　“Our findings show the major differences in the ways in which males and females use humour，” said Dr.Wiseman.“Males use humour to appear superior to others， while females are more skilled in languages and prefer wordplay.”Researchers also found that there really is such a thing as a national sense of humour.The British enjoy what is usually called “toilet humour”.But the French like their jokes short and sharp：“You’re a high-priced lawyer.Will you answer two questions for $500？” “Yes.What’s the second question？”
　　The Germans are famous for not having a sense of humour.But the survey found that German participants were more likely to find submitted jokes funny than any other nationality.Perhaps that proves the point.Is this joke funny？ I don’t know， but let’s say yes， just to be safe.
　　Dr.Wiseman and his workmates also submitted jokes created by computers.But none of those who took part in the survey found any of them amusing.Perhaps this is puters already seem like they can do everything.At least they should leave the funny stuff to us.
9.What’s the purpose of “the laugh lab” project？
A.To find the funniest joke in European countries.
B.To get more personal details about participants.
C.To know what funny people are like from different nations and cultures.
D.To find out the differences between the male and female sense of humour.
10.What can we infer from the passage？
A.Most of the people all over the world are completely honest.
B.People tell the truth about themselves only when they laugh.
C.Ordinary people are not interested in “the laugh lab” project at all.
D.Psychologists and philosophers take interest in the “laugh lab” project.
11.According to the passage， what can we safely say？
A.Jokes created by computers are less appealing to people.
B.Men and women have similar senses of humour.
C.The project lasted one year.
D.Scientists have collected enough evidence to make final conclusions.
12.What is the best title for the passage？
A.Funny or Not？
B.Laugh Louder！
C.Men Laugh Better！
D.Watch Out for the Trap in Jokes！
Ⅱ.完形填空
Sharing a Sense of Style
　　When I woke up on 4 August， there was only one thing on my mind： what to wear.A billion 　13　 raced through my brain.I didn’t want to be trying too hard， but I also didn’t want to be seen as a lazy and 　14　 girl.Not only was it my first day of high school， but it was my first day of school in a new state； first impressions were 　15　 and it was important for me to impress the people who I would spend the next four years with.
　　This was my third time being the 　16　 kid.But this time was 　17　 because my dad promised that I would start and finish high school in the same place.This time mattered， and that made me 　18　.
　　After carefully 　19　 my closet， I proudly came out in a dress.The soft cotton was 　20　 and the ruffled shoulders added a hint of fun.Yes， this outfit was the one. An hour later， I felt powerful as I 　21　 toward room 1136.But as I entered the classroom， my jaw dropped to the floor.
　　Sitting at the desk was Mrs Hutfilz， my English teacher， 　22　 exactly the same dress as me.I kept my head 　23　 and walked to my seat silently.I made it through my brief introduction 　24　 until Mrs Hutfilz stood up， jokingly adding that she liked my style.Although this was the moment I had been afraid of from the moment I walked in， all my anxiety surprisingly 　25　， and the students paid attention as I shared my story.My smile grew as I laughed with the students.After class， I stayed behind and talked to Mrs Hutfilz， relieved to make a humourous and real connection.
　　Looking back four years later， I thought the ten minutes I spent being afraid of giving my speech were really not worth it.My first period of high school certainly made the day 　26　 in the best way and taught me that Mrs Hutfilz has an awesome sense of 　27　！
13.A.thoughts　　　　　 B.reasons
C.causes D.substitutes
14.A.particular B.untidy
C.serious D.unkind
15.A.much B.nothing
C.little D.everything
16.A.new B.old
C.ordinary D.special
17.A.similar B.difficult
C.different D.easy
18.A.happy B.relieved
C.nervous D.excited
19.A.searching B.tidying
C.fixing D.ranging
20.A.convincing B.comfortable
C.heavy D.slight
21.A.drove B.slipped
C.headed D.slid
22.A.putting B.ironing
C.wearing D.having
23.A.away B.up
C.down D.off
24.A.paper B.speech
C.lecture D.class
25.A.went up B.melted away
C.added up D.gave out
26.A.lonesome B.embarrassing
C.troublesome D.unforgettable
27.A.responsibility B.justice
C.style D.humour
Ⅲ.語法填空
　　Stand-up is a kind of comedy 　28　 （do） on a stage by a comedian talking straight to audience members.There are 　29　 （vary） styles of stand-up comedy.First， some comedians tell jokes about the way people behave or about the daily life.Second， other comedians rely on visual humour， 　30　 may be inspired by objects.Third， other comedians may trip over chairs， walk into doors， and fall down on stage in order to get people 　31　（laugh）.
　　Billy Crystal is one of 　32　 most famous stand-up comedians.One reason why Crystal has become so famous is 　33　 he is very quick thinking and is often able to come up 　34　 new jokes about the people and things around him.Crystal is popular with all age 　35　 （group） and has the ability to amuse people all over the world.This proves that stand-up can be enjoyed by everyone.
　　Nowadays，stand-up comedy is popular all over the world.Doctors even 　36　 （discover） so far that it helps stay healthy 　37　 fight pains.
28.　　　　　　29.　　　　　　30.　　　　
31.　　　 32.　　　 33.　　　
34.　　　 35.　　　 36.　　　37.　　　
Section Ⅱ　Using language
基礎知識自測
維度一
1.who　2.As　3.whom　4.whose　5.which　6.when
7.when　8.where　9.who　10.whom
維度二
1.As an old saying goes
2.where we learnt a lot about history
3.when he will be free
4.who seemed to be very busy
5.all of which she speaks fluently
6.on which I spent all my money that I saved
7.whom I hadn’t seen for a month
8.some of whom are addicted to the Internet
9.whose author hopes that
10.for which Hangzhou is famous
維度三
1.who　2.but　3.where　4.which　5.which　6.While
7.which/that　8.which　9.who/that　10.when
素養能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了幽默在生活和工作中的重要作用。
1.D　推理判斷題。根據第二段中的He says “Humour can help people ...at what they do.”可推斷，史蒂夫·卡萊爾認為幽默有助于人們放松，感到舒適，工作更有效。由此推斷，他與員工的相處方式是幽默的。
2.C　推理判斷題。根據第二段中的Humour can be used by teachers in the classroom too.和第三段中的According to Professor ...or her status.可知，如果一個新老師想要看起來自信和有能力，可以講笑話，表現出幽默。
3.A　詞義猜測題。根據上文Humour can be used by teachers in the classroom too.和下文create a more relaxed atmosphere which is good for learning可知，老師可以在課堂上使用幽默的方式與學生們交談，創造出更輕松的氛圍，有利于學習。因此推斷畫線短語指“交談”，從而打破僵局。
4.B　細節理解題。根據倒數第二段中的His study Risky ...regarded as incompetent.可知，講不恰當笑話的人被認為是無能的。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了英式幽默在文化和生活中的體現，以及我們應該如何回應這種幽默。
5.C　細節理解題。根據第一段中的Most people think humour is about happy things， but for the British， the opposite is true.可知，大多數人認為幽默是關于開心的事情，但對英國人來說恰恰相反。
6.C　詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞后所舉的例子可知，David Brent認為每個人都喜歡他，但觀眾可以看出，每個人都討厭他，故此處表示他的“錯覺”。
7.D　推理判斷題。根據第三段前兩句可知，觀眾嘲笑愚蠢的人物在英國是一個古老的傳統，接下來以莎士比亞的作品為例來證明這個觀點。
8.B　細節理解題。根據最后一段最后一句可知，對于英國人的挖苦嘲諷，人們一笑置之即可，不必太當真。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了由Dr.Wiseman進行的一次有關幽默感的調查，調查者想了解世界上最幽默的笑話，了解來自不同國家不同文化的人的幽默感，以及男女之間幽默感的不同，同時通過統計得出了一定的結論。
9.D　細節理解題。根據第二段中的The project will last ...sense of humour.可知，研究者的目的是搜集世界上最有趣的笑話，調查不同的人有什么不同的幽默感以及男女之間幽默感的不同。
10.D　推理判斷題。根據第三段第一句可推斷，這個項目已經吸引了心理學家和哲學家。
11.A　細節理解題。根據最后一段前兩句可知，電腦創造的笑話對人的吸引力較小。
12.A　標題歸納題。縱觀全文，文章介紹了由Dr.Wiseman進行的一次有關幽默感的調查，調查者想了解世界上最幽默的笑話，了解來自不同國家不同文化的人的幽默感，以及男女之間幽默感的不同，同時通過統計得出了一定的結論。故A項為文章最佳標題。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者在高中開學第一天非常重視自己的穿著，想給大家留下一個好印象。結果，當作者走進教室的時候，卻發現自己和老師穿著同樣的衣服。作者很尷尬、緊張，但是老師以幽默的方式化解了作者的緊張。
13.A　根據下文的raced through my brain可知，作者的腦子里閃過許多關于穿什么衣服的念頭。
14.B　根據上文的I also didn’t want to be seen as a lazy并結合常識可知，打扮得不好會給人留下懶惰和邋遢的印象。
15.D　根據下文的it was important for me可知，作者覺得第一印象很重要，就是“一切（everything）”。
16.A　根據上文的Not only was it ... a new state可知，此處表示這是作者第三次當新生。
17.C　根據下文的my dad promised ... high school in the same place可知，這次的情況有所不同，因為父親承諾會讓作者在同一個地方讀完高中。
18.C　根據上文的This time mattered， and that made me 可知，作者很看重這次和同學的見面，因此很緊張。
19.A　根據上文的When I woke up ...what to wear.可知，作者在思考開學第一天穿什么，所以此處是指在衣柜里尋找衣服。
20.B　結合上文的The soft cotton可知，棉布材質的裙子穿起來很舒服。
21.C　根據下文的toward room 1136可知，此處表示作者走向自己的教室。head toward “走向”。
22.C　根據下文的exactly the same dress as me可知，老師和作者穿著一樣的衣服。
23.C　根據上文語境及下文的and walked to my seat silently可知，作者居然和老師穿了同樣的衣服，頓時覺得尷尬，所以是低著頭走到了自己的座位上。
24.B　根據上文的my brief introduction可知，此處指作者簡短的個人介紹，應用speech。
25.B　根據下文的My smile grew as I laughed with the students.可知，作者的焦慮消失了。
26.D　根據上文作者在高中第一天和老師穿了同樣的裙子以及四年后仍然記得那天的事情可推知，作者覺得那一天很難忘。
27.C　文章以作者和老師穿了同樣的裙子展開，最后老師以幽默的方式化解了尷尬的情況，故此處用style，既指Hutfilz老師有很好的時尚感，又指Hutfilz老師的處事風格很棒。
Ⅲ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了“單口喜劇”這種類型的喜劇以及最著名的單口喜劇演員之一——Billy Crystal。
28.done　考查非謂語動詞。句中有系動詞is且無連詞， 故應用非謂語動詞形式， comedy與do之間為邏輯上的動賓關系，應用do的過去分詞。故填done。
29.various　考查詞形轉換。空后styles意為“方式”， 為可數名詞復數， 前面應用形容詞修飾。故填various。
30.which　考查定語從句。根據句意和句子結構可知， 空處引導非限制性定語從句， 先行詞為visual humour，指物，在從句中作主語， 故填which。
31.to laugh　考查非謂語動詞。get sb to do sth意為“使某人做某事”，故填to laugh。
32.the　考查冠詞。“one of the＋形容詞最高級＋名詞復數”意為“最……之一”， 故填the。
33.that　考查表語從句。根據句意和句子結構可知，空處引導表語從句，作is的表語，從句中不缺成分且意義完整。故填that。
34.with　考查介詞。come up with意為“想出， 提出（計劃、想法等）”， 后接new jokes， 意為“想出新的笑話”。故填with。
35.groups　考查名詞復數。句中group意為“群， 組”， 為可數名詞， 根據句意及空前all可知， 這里指所有年齡群體， 故應用group的復數形式。故填groups。
36.have discovered　考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。根據句意和句中so far可知， 句子應用現在完成時， 且句子主語為Doctors，謂語應用復數形式。故填have discovered。
37.and　考查連詞。句中stay healthy和fight pains之間為并列關系， 都是單口喜劇帶來的幫助， 故應用連詞and連接兩個并列短語。故填and。
6 / 6Section Ⅱ　Using language
非限制性定語從句
1.I walk through the doors into the waiting area， where there’s a familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension.
2.People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs，looking through old magazines， all of which have been read hundreds of times previously.
3.I speak with the on-duty nurse， who tells me that Lara’s parents rushed her to the hospital after she fell off her bicycle.
4.Scientific studies show that laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better， which means clown doctors can be helpful.
【我的發現】
1.非限制性定語從句對主句中的先行詞起　　　作用，主句和從句之間常用　　　　隔開；
2.句1中where引導非限制性定語從句，修飾主句的　　　　　　　　；
3.句2中用了“　　　　　　　　　　”引導非限制性定語從句；
4.句3中who引導非限制性定語從句，修飾主句的　　　　　　；
5.句4中which引導非限制性定語從句，指代　　　　　　　。
一、非限制性定語從句的概述
非限制性定語從句是指對先行詞加以描述、解釋或補充說明的定語從句。它不是句中不可或缺的部分，如果去掉此從句，不會影響主句意思的完整性。在形式上，非限制性定語從句和主句之間一般用逗號隔開。
Mr Li is the manager of our company， whom you saw at the meeting yesterday.
李先生是我們公司的經理，昨天你在會上見過他。
The house， which we bought last month， is very nice.
我們上個月買的這棟房子很漂亮。
二、非限制性定語從句的引導詞
1.關系詞：（1）關系代詞：who， whom， which， whose（＝of whom/which）， as；（2）關系副詞：when， where。
2.先行詞及其在從句中作的成分
關系詞 先行詞 在從句中作的成分
who 人 主語
whom 人 賓語
which 物/整個主句 主語/賓語
whose（＝of whom或of which） 人/物 定語
as 人/物/整個主句 主語/賓語
when 時間名詞 時間狀語
where 地點名詞 地點狀語
3.that不能引導非限制性定語從句，在非限制性定語從句中應用who/whom指人，用which指物。指人作賓語時只能用賓格whom，不能用who替換；非限制性定語從句不能用why引導，常用for which代替why。
Charles Smith， who was my former teacher， retired last year.（who作主語）
查爾斯·史密斯去年退休了，他曾是我的老師。
Xiaowang， whom they often talk about， is going to America next month.（whom作賓語）
他們經常談到的那個小王下個月要去美國。
I climbed up to the top of the hill with my friend， where we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.（where作狀語）
我和朋友一起登上了山頂，在山頂上我們欣賞到了湖光美景。
The earth goes around the sun， as we all know.（as作賓語）
眾所周知，地球繞著太陽轉。
The president said that he didn’t need any reason， for which the plan couldn’t be carried out.
董事長說他不需要任何計劃不能得到執行的理由。
【即時演練1】　用非限制性定語從句合并下列句子
①Tom studies hard and is ready to help others.This is what his parents expect.
→Tom studies hard and is ready to help others， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
②The class officers will meet in Room 101.They met in Room 101 last week.
→The class officers will meet in Room 101，　　　　　　　　　　　　.
③Thomas Edison was a great scientist.His inventions have changed the way of our living.
→Thomas Edison was a great scientist，　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　.
④She has two sons.The older of them has just graduated from college.
→She has two sons，　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
⑤He is from England.Everyone here knows that.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， he is from England.
三、“介詞＋which/whom”引導的非限制性定語從句
非限制性定語從句由“介詞＋關系代詞”引導時，其中的關系代詞只能用which或whom。介詞的選擇主要依據以下幾點：
1.根據介詞與動詞的搭配關系
There are some details in the project， about which the manager cares much.（care about）
在這項工程里有一些細節，經理對此非常關心。
2.根據介詞與形容詞的搭配關系
I introduced some subjects to her， in which she may be interested.（be interested in）
我給她介紹了幾個科目，她可能對此感興趣。
3.根據介詞與先行詞的關系
Last night I took part in a party and lost my key， without which I can’t open the door of my dormitory.
昨天晚上我參加聚會把鑰匙丟了，沒有鑰匙我打不開宿舍的門。
4.根據屬于與被屬于（或部分與整體）的關系
There stands a building over there， the elevators of which often go out of order.
那里矗立著一座樓，這座樓的電梯經常出故障。
【即時演練2】　補全句子
①Many lessons are now available online， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
許多課程現在都可以在網上找到，學生們可以從中免費選擇。
②A friend is someone who brings out your best qualities， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
朋友就是能使你表現出最佳品質的人，與他在一起你變得更有見識。
③There are a great number of attractions in Tianjin， 　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　.
天津有很多景點，其中我最喜歡的是古文化街。
四、as和 which引導非限制性定語從句的區別
as和 which引導非限制性定語從句指代整個句子時， 區別如下：
區分點 as which
位置 引導的從句可位于主句之前、之中或之后 引導的從句不能位于主句之前
意義 正如 這，那
功能 連接上下文，表達說話人的觀點，并指出主句內容 引導的從句在意義上相當于一個并列句
Einstein， as we all know， is a famous scientist.
眾所周知，愛因斯坦是一位著名的科學家。（as引導非限制性定語從句，代指整句意思）
It rained hard yesterday， which prevented me from going to the park.
昨天雨下得很大，這阻止了我去公園。（which引導非限制性定語從句，代指上句It rained hard yesterday， which可轉換為and this/that）
【點津】　（1）as引導非限制性定語從句時，其后常接expect， know， report， say， see等動詞的主動或被動語態句以及用于一些固定結構中。如：as was expected （不出所料）， as is mentioned above （正如上面所提到的）， as is often the case （這是常有的事）等。
（2）as也可用在限制性定語從句中，此時它多和such， so或the same連用，構成such/so ...as和the same ...as結構。
Such books as I have read are English novels.（as作賓語）
我所讀過的書都是英語小說。
【即時演練3】　選詞填空（which/as）
①The air quality in the city， 　　　　　　is shown in the report， has improved over the past two months.
②He is an excellent student in all subjects except for math， 　　　　　　is his shortcoming.
③　　　　　　 is known to all， China has developed quickly these years and it has become one of the most important countries in the world.
五、非限制性定語從句與限制性定語從句的區別
區分點 非限制性定語從句 限制性定語從句
形式不同 用逗號和主句隔開 緊跟在先行詞后，不用逗號隔開
功能不同 起補充說明作用，去掉后不影響主句意義的完整 起限定作用，不可省略，否則主句意思不完整
關系詞不同 that，why不能引導 所有關系詞都可引導，在從句中作賓語時可省略
先行詞不同 名詞、代詞、名詞性短語或整個主句 名詞、代詞或名詞性短語
翻譯方式不同 一般譯為并列分句 一般譯為定語
【即時演練4】　補全句子
①He works very hard and has created many pieces of music， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
他很努力，創作了很多曲子，作為一個多產作曲家名副其實。
②The fact proves that anyone 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　will be punished by it.
事實證明，任何違背大自然規律的人都將受到大自然的懲罰。
六、常使用非限制性定語從句的三種情況
1.關系代詞指代整個主句的內容時，用非限制性定語從句。
She said she had finished her work， which I doubted very much.
她說她已經完成了工作，我對此深感懷疑。
2.先行詞指世界上獨一無二的事物、專有名詞或表示類屬事物時，用非限制性定語從句。
The moon， which is 384，400 kilometers away from the earth， creates many beautiful stories for people.
月球為人們創造了很多美好的故事，它距離地球384，400千米遠。
3.some/many/few/a few/little/much/most/two of which/whom等結構中常用非限制性定語從句。
I have three foreign teachers， two of whom are from Canada.
我有三位外籍老師，其中兩位來自加拿大。
【即時演練5】　補全句子
①Repairing the car cost her a lot of money， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
修理汽車花了她一大筆錢，這使她很沮喪。
②The young generation， 　　　　　　　　were well-educated， volunteered to teach in poor areas.
年輕一代自愿到貧困地區教書，他們中大多數受過良好的教育。
③The moon， 　　　　　　　　　　　　， is only a satellite of the earth.
月球本身不發光，它只是地球的一個衛星。
essential adj.極其重要的，必不可少的
【教材原句】　Which sentences contain a clause with essential information and which with extra information？
哪些句子包含一個帶有極其重要信息的從句，哪些句子包含帶有額外信息的從句？
【用法】
（1）be essential to sth/sb　　　　　對某物/人來說必不可少/極其重要
（2）it is essential to do sth 做某事是完全必要的/至關重要的
（3）It is essential/important/necessary/strange/surprising ...＋that從句，that從句是真正的主語，從句中的謂語用“should＋動詞原形”，其中should可以省略。
【佳句】　Above all， it is essential that you （should） get fully prepared before the contest.
最重要的是，你必須在比賽前做好充分的準備。
【練透】　單句語法填空/補全句子
①As for me， it is essential 　　　　　　　　（know） what kind of problems young students possibly would encounter on campus.
②It is important that he 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　before Friday.
重要的是他要在星期五之前預定。
【寫美】　翻譯句子
③和睦的家庭對孩子的個人發展和身心健康是極其重要的。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
impress v.使欽佩，使留下深刻印象
【教材原句】　　Watson is pleased with his answer which he thinks will impress Holmes.
沃森對自己的回答很滿意，他認為這會給福爾摩斯留下深刻印象。
【用法】
（1）be impressed by/with ...　　　　 　　　被……打動
impress sth on sb＝impress sb with sth 某事給某人留下深刻印象
（2）impression n. 印象
leave/make an impression on ... 給……留下印象
have/get a good/bad impression of sb/sth 對某人/物的印象好/不好
（3）impressive adj. 給人深刻印象的；感人的
【佳句】　Nothing in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum.
我的一生中，印象最深的就是我第一次參觀故宮博物院。
【練透】　單句語法填空/句型轉換
①Don’t be too talkative， or you may leave a poor 　　　　　　（impress） on other people.
②Also， the wisdom delivered through Chinese classic poems can be rather 　　　　　　（impress） and helpful for learners of Chinese.
③Their kindness made a good impression on us while we were staying there.
→We 　　　　　　　　　　　　their kindness while we were staying there.
【寫美】　補全句子
④Williams 　　　　　　　　　　　　Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home.
威廉姆斯對本杰明印象深刻并給他兩本經典的繪畫圖書讓他帶回家。
deserve v.應得，應受到；值得
【教材原句】　We all deserve a second chance， I guess.我想我們都應該再給對方一次機會。
【用法】
deserve to do　　　　　　應該/值得做……
deserve to be done＝deserve doing 應該/值得做……
deserve respect/praise 值得尊重/表揚
【佳句】　As the saying goes， “No pain， no gain”.You really deserve a reward.
俗話說：“一分耕耘，一分收獲”。你確實應該得到獎賞。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Maria has been working hard； she deserves 　　　　　　　　（win） a scholarship.
【寫美】　補全句子
②With many wild animals gradually dying out， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
由于許多野生動物逐漸滅絕，當前形勢值得注意。
Section Ⅱ　Using language
【重難語法·要攻克】
我的發現
1.補充說明　逗號　2.waiting area　3.不定代詞＋of＋which
4.nurse　5.前面整個主句
即時演練1
①which is what his parents expect　②where they met last week
③whose inventions have changed the way of our living
④the older of whom has just graduated from college
⑤As is known by everyone here
即時演練2
①from which students can choose for free
②with whom you become more knowledgeable
③among which I like the Ancient Cultural Street best
即時演練3
①as　②which　③As
即時演練4
①which lives up to his reputation as a productive composer
②who goes against the order of nature
即時演練5
①which made her depressed　②most of whom
③which doesn’t give out light itself
【知識要點·須拾遺】
1.①to know　②（should） make a reservation
③A harmonious family is essential to children’s personal development as well as their physical and mental health.
2.①impression　②impressive　③had/got a good impression of
④was impressed by/with
3.①to win　②the present situation deserves attention/paying attention to/to be paid attention to
1 / 6(共95張PPT)
Section Ⅱ　Using language
1
重難語法·要攻克
目 錄
3
課時檢測·提能力
2
知識要點·須拾遺
1
重難語法·要攻克
掌握核心語法
非限制性定語從句
1. I walk through the doors into the waiting area， where there’s a
familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension.
2. People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs，looking through old
magazines， all of which have been read hundreds of times
previously.
3. I speak with the on-duty nurse， who tells me that Lara’s parents
rushed her to the hospital after she fell off her bicycle.
4. Scientific studies show that laughter produces chemicals to make
people feel better， which means clown doctors can be helpful.
【我的發現】
1. 非限制性定語從句對主句中的先行詞起 作用，主句和
從句之間常用 隔開；
2. 句1中where引導非限制性定語從句，修飾主句的
；
3. 句2中用了“ ”引導非限制性定語從句；
4. 句3中who引導非限制性定語從句，修飾主句的 ；
5. 句4中which引導非限制性定語從句，指代 。
補充說明　
逗號　
waiting
area　
不定代詞＋of＋which　
nurse　
前面整個主句　
一、非限制性定語從句的概述
非限制性定語從句是指對先行詞加以描述、解釋或補充說明的定
語從句。它不是句中不可或缺的部分，如果去掉此從句，不會影
響主句意思的完整性。在形式上，非限制性定語從句和主句之間
一般用逗號隔開。
Mr Li is the manager of our company， whom you saw at the meeting
yesterday.
李先生是我們公司的經理，昨天你在會上見過他。
The house， which we bought last month， is very nice.
我們上個月買的這棟房子很漂亮。
二、非限制性定語從句的引導詞
1. 關系詞：（1）關系代詞：who， whom， which， whose（＝of
whom/which）， as；（2）關系副詞：when， where。
關系詞 先行詞 在從句中作的成分
who 人 主語
whom 人 賓語
which 物/整個主句 主語/賓語
whose（＝of whom或of which） 人/物 定語
as 人/物/整個主句 主語/賓語
when 時間名詞 時間狀語
where 地點名詞 地點狀語
2. 先行詞及其在從句中作的成分
3. that不能引導非限制性定語從句，在非限制性定語從句中應用
who/whom指人，用which指物。指人作賓語時只能用賓格whom，
不能用who替換；非限制性定語從句不能用why引導，常用for
which代替why。
Charles Smith， who was my former teacher， retired last year.
（who作主語）
查爾斯·史密斯去年退休了，他曾是我的老師。
Xiaowang， whom they often talk about， is going to America next
month.（whom作賓語）
他們經常談到的那個小王下個月要去美國。
I climbed up to the top of the hill with my friend， where we
enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.（where作狀語）
我和朋友一起登上了山頂，在山頂上我們欣賞到了湖光美景。
The earth goes around the sun， as we all know.（as作賓語）
眾所周知，地球繞著太陽轉。
The president said that he didn’t need any reason， for which the
plan couldn’t be carried out.
董事長說他不需要任何計劃不能得到執行的理由。
【即時演練1】　用非限制性定語從句合并下列句子
①Tom studies hard and is ready to help others.This is what his parents
expect.
→Tom studies hard and is ready to help others，
.
②The class officers will meet in Room 101.They met in Room 101 last
week.
→The class officers will meet in Room 101，
.
which is what his
parents expect　
where they met last
week　
③Thomas Edison was a great scientist.His inventions have changed
the way of our living.
→Thomas Edison was a great scientist，
.
④She has two sons.The older of them has just graduated from college.
→She has two sons，
.
⑤He is from England.Everyone here knows that.
→ ， he is from England.
whose inventions have
changed the way of our living　
the older of whom has just graduated from
college　
As is known by everyone here　
三、“介詞＋which/whom”引導的非限制性定語從句
非限制性定語從句由“介詞＋關系代詞”引導時，其中的關系代詞只能
用which或whom。介詞的選擇主要依據以下幾點：
1. 根據介詞與動詞的搭配關系
There are some details in the project， about which the manager
cares much.（care about）
在這項工程里有一些細節，經理對此非常關心。
2. 根據介詞與形容詞的搭配關系
I introduced some subjects to her， in which she may be interested.
（be interested in）
我給她介紹了幾個科目，她可能對此感興趣。
3. 根據介詞與先行詞的關系
Last night I took part in a party and lost my key， without which I
can’t open the door of my dormitory.
昨天晚上我參加聚會把鑰匙丟了，沒有鑰匙我打不開宿舍的門。
4. 根據屬于與被屬于（或部分與整體）的關系
There stands a building over there， the elevators of which often go
out of order.
那里矗立著一座樓，這座樓的電梯經常出故障。
【即時演練2】　補全句子
①Many lessons are now available online，
.
許多課程現在都可以在網上找到，學生們可以從中免費選擇。
②A friend is someone who brings out your best qualities，
.
朋友就是能使你表現出最佳品質的人，與他在一起你變得更有見識。
③There are a great number of attractions in Tianjin，
.
天津有很多景點，其中我最喜歡的是古文化街。
from which students can
choose for free　
with
whom you become more knowledgeable　
among
which I like the Ancient Cultural Street best　
四、as和 which引導非限制性定語從句的區別
as和 which引導非限制性定語從句指代整個句子時， 區別如下：
區分點 as which
位置 引導的從句可位于主句之前、之中或之后 引導的從句不能位于主
句之前
意義 正如 這，那
功能 連接上下文，表達說話人的觀點，并指出主句內容 引導的從句在意義上相
當于一個并列句
Einstein， as we all know， is a famous scientist.
眾所周知，愛因斯坦是一位著名的科學家。（as引導非限制性定語從
句，代指整句意思）
It rained hard yesterday， which prevented me from going to the
park.
昨天雨下得很大，這阻止了我去公園。（which引導非限制性定語從
句，代指上句It rained hard yesterday， which可轉換為and
this/that）
【點津】　（1）as引導非限制性定語從句時，其后常接expect，
know， report， say， see等動詞的主動或被動語態句以及用于
一些固定結構中。如：as was expected （不出所料）， as is
mentioned above （正如上面所提到的）， as is often the case
（這是常有的事）等。
（2）as也可用在限制性定語從句中，此時它多和such， so或the
same連用，構成such/so ...as和the same ...as結構。
Such books as I have read are English novels.（as作賓語）
我所讀過的書都是英語小說。
【即時演練3】　選詞填空（which/as）
①The air quality in the city， is shown in the report， has
improved over the past two months.
②He is an excellent student in all subjects except for
math， is his shortcoming.
③ is known to all， China has developed quickly these years
and it has become one of the most important countries in the world.
as　
which　
As　
五、非限制性定語從句與限制性定語從句的區別
區分點 非限制性定語從句 限制性定語從句
形式不同 用逗號和主句隔開 緊跟在先行詞后，不用逗號
隔開
功能不同 起補充說明作用，去掉后
不影響主句意義的完整 起限定作用，不可省略，否
則主句意思不完整
關系詞 不同 that，why不能引導 所有關系詞都可引導，在從
句中作賓語時可省略
先行詞 不同 名詞、代詞、名詞性短語
或整個主句 名詞、代詞或名詞性短語
翻譯方式 不同 一般譯為并列分句 一般譯為定語
【即時演練4】　補全句子
①He works very hard and has created many pieces of
music，
.
他很努力，創作了很多曲子，作為一個多產作曲家名副其實。
②The fact proves that anyone
will be punished by it.
事實證明，任何違背大自然規律的人都將受到大自然的懲罰。
which lives up to his reputation as a productive
composer　
who goes against the order of
nature　
六、常使用非限制性定語從句的三種情況
1. 關系代詞指代整個主句的內容時，用非限制性定語從句。
She said she had finished her work， which I doubted very much.
她說她已經完成了工作，我對此深感懷疑。
2. 先行詞指世界上獨一無二的事物、專有名詞或表示類屬事物時，用
非限制性定語從句。
The moon， which is 384，400 kilometers away from the earth，
creates many beautiful stories for people.
月球為人們創造了很多美好的故事，它距離地球384，400千米遠。
3. some/many/few/a few/little/much/most/two of which/whom等結構中
常用非限制性定語從句。
I have three foreign teachers， two of whom are from Canada.
我有三位外籍老師，其中兩位來自加拿大。
【即時演練5】　補全句子
①Repairing the car cost her a lot of money，
.
修理汽車花了她一大筆錢，這使她很沮喪。
②The young generation， were well-educated，
volunteered to teach in poor areas.
年輕一代自愿到貧困地區教書，他們中大多數受過良好的教育。
③The moon， ， is only a
satellite of the earth.
月球本身不發光，它只是地球的一個衛星。
which made her
depressed　
most of whom　
which doesn’t give out light itself　
2
知識要點·須拾遺
關注高頻詞匯
essential adj.極其重要的，必不可少的
【教材原句】　Which sentences contain a clause with essential
information and which with extra information？
哪些句子包含一個帶有極其重要信息的從句，哪些句子包含帶有額外
信息的從句？
（1）be essential to sth/sb
　　　　　對某物/人來說必不可少/極其重要
（2）it is essential to do sth
　　做某事是完全必要的/至關重要的
（3）It is essential/important/necessary/strange/surprising ...＋that
從句，that從句是真正的主語，從句中的謂語用“should＋動詞原
形”，其中should可以省略。
【用法】
【佳句】　Above all， it is essential that you （should） get fully
prepared before the contest.
最重要的是，你必須在比賽前做好充分的準備。
【練透】　單句語法填空/補全句子
①As for me， it is essential （know） what kind of
problems young students possibly would encounter on campus.
②It is important that he before
Friday.
重要的是他要在星期五之前預定。
to know　
（should） make a reservation　
【寫美】　翻譯句子
③和睦的家庭對孩子的個人發展和身心健康是極其重要的。


　A harmonious family is essential to children’s personal development
as well as their physical and mental health.　
impress v.使欽佩，使留下深刻印象
【教材原句】　　Watson is pleased with his answer which he thinks
will impress Holmes.
沃森對自己的回答很滿意，他認為這會給福爾摩斯留下深刻印象。
（1）be impressed by/with ...　　　被……打動
impress sth on sb＝impress sb with sth　　某事給某人留下深刻印象
（2）impression n.　　印象
leave/make an impression on ...　　給……留下印象
have/get a good/bad impression of sb/sth　　對某人/物的印象好/不
好
（3）impressive adj.　　給人深刻印象的；感人的
【用法】
【佳句】　Nothing in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit
to the Palace Museum.
我的一生中，印象最深的就是我第一次參觀故宮博物院。
【練透】　單句語法填空/句型轉換
①Don’t be too talkative， or you may leave a poor
（impress） on other people.
②Also， the wisdom delivered through Chinese classic poems can be
rather （impress） and helpful for learners of
Chinese.
impression　
impressive　
③Their kindness made a good impression on us while we were staying
there.
→We their kindness while we were
staying there.
had/got a good impression of　
【寫美】　補全句子
④Williams Benjamin and gave him two
classic books on painting to take home.
威廉姆斯對本杰明印象深刻并給他兩本經典的繪畫圖書讓他帶回家。
was impressed by/with　
deserve v.應得，應受到；值得
【教材原句】　We all deserve a second chance， I guess.我想我們都
應該再給對方一次機會。
【用法】
deserve to do　　　應該/值得做……
deserve to be done＝deserve doing　　應該/值得做……
deserve respect/praise　　值得尊重/表揚
【佳句】　As the saying goes， “No pain， no gain”.You really
deserve a reward.
俗話說：“一分耕耘，一分收獲”。你確實應該得到獎賞。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Maria has been working hard； she deserves （win） a
scholarship.
to win　
②With many wild animals gradually dying out，

.
由于許多野生動物逐漸滅絕，當前形勢值得注意。
the present
situation deserves attention/paying attention to/to be paid attention
to　
【寫美】　補全句子
3
課時檢測·提能力
培育學科素養
維度一：基礎題型練
用適當的關系代詞或關系副詞填空
1. It is common that all the cinemas are almost full of
audience， are holding popcorn and drinks.
2. is apparently shown in the chart above， there are about 10
％ students supporting the idea.
who　
As　
3. I came across my primary school teacher this morning，
with I have been out of touch for almost 20 years.
4. My sisters， photos I showed you yesterday， will come
to see us this evening.
5. It is the third time that Jim has failed the driving test，
makes him disheartened.
6. Mr Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990s，
he gave it to his grandson.
whom　
whose　
which　
when　
7. It all began in 1877， Thomas Edison made the first
recording of a human voice on his invention， the record player.
8. The building， an important conference is being held，
is in the center of the city.
9. The custom has come down to us from our ancestors，
developed it a long time ago.
10. The course normally attracts 50 students a term， of up
to half are from overseas.
when　
where　
who　
whom　
維度二：語法與寫作
補全句子
1. ， “Where there is a will，there is a way.”
正如一句古老諺語所說，“有志者，事竟成。”
2. We appreciated the rich cultural treasures here，
.
我們欣賞了這里豐富的文化瑰寶，在這里我們學到了許多歷史
知識。
3. He will put off the picnic until May 1st， .
他將把野餐推遲到5月1號，那時他將有空。
As an old saying goes　
where we learnt
a lot about history　
when he will be free　
4. Last Sunday I happened to meet Li Li in the street，
.
上星期天我碰巧在街上遇到了李立，他似乎很忙。
5. Julie is good at German， French and Russian，
.
朱莉擅長德語、法語和俄語，這三種語言她都說得很流利。
6. I bought a lot of books，
.
我買了很多書，花掉了我節省下來的所有的錢。
who seemed
to be very busy　
all of which she
speaks fluently　
on which I spent all my money that I
saved　
7. As I was getting out of the car， I saw my son，
， waiting for me nearby.
當我下車的時候，我看到已經一個月沒見的兒子正在附近等著我。
8. In reality， people under thirty account for most of the
netizens， .
事實上，30歲以下的人占網民總數的大多數，其中一些人對網
絡上癮。
9. This course is mainly targeted at beginners，
they can lay a good foundation for Chinese characters.
這門課程主要針對初學者，其作者希望他們能打好漢字的基礎。
whom I hadn’t
seen for a month　
some of whom are addicted to the Internet　
whose author hopes
that　
10. The West Lake， ， is very
beautiful.
西湖很美，杭州以西湖而聞名。
for which Hangzhou is famous　
維度三：語法與語篇
用適當的連詞或關系詞完成下面短文
　　Nat， 1. was ten years old， lived in a small town in
England.He always stayed in England for his holidays， 2. one
day he decided to go to Spain， 3. all his friends liked to go
for their holidays.First he went to Madrid， 4. is the
Spanish capital， and stayed in a small hotel.On the first morning，
he went out for a walk.In England， people drive on the left.But in
Spain， they drive on the right， 5. he forgot.6.
who　
but　
where　
which　
which　
he was walking along a busy street， a bike 7.
came before him， knocked him down.Nat was sent to the hospital，
in 8. the girl 9. rode the bike said sorry to
him.After two days， Nat left Spain and returned to England.He told
his friends that he wouldn’t forget the days 10. he stayed in
Spain.
While　
which/that　
which　
who/that　
when　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　Everybody likes to laugh sometimes， whether at a funny joke，
an amusing incident or a comical photograph or sound.The great thing
is that once we’ve had a good laugh， we feel happier.It would seem，
therefore， that bringing a bit of humour into more serious situations
might be good for us.
　　Places like a humourless office or a tense classroom could
sometimes do with a good dose of laughter.Seeing the funny side of
things can certainly lift our spirits and that in turn can make us feel
better about what we’re doing.Maybe we should get inspiration from
Steve Carlisle， president of General Motors of Canada.He says
“Humour can help people feel more relaxed， more comfortable and
thus be more effective at what they do.” Humour can be used by
teachers in the classroom too.It’s a good way to 　break the ice　 with
students and create a more relaxed atmosphere which is good for
learning.
　　But we have to be careful： not everyone laughs at the same
things.While some of us may admire a work colleague or fellow student
for their well-told joke， others may consider them offensive！
According to Professor Schweitzer， from the University of
Philadelphia’s Wharton School， a worker or boss who successfully
uses humour is seen as both confident and competent， which in turn
increases his or her status.His study Risky Business：When Humour
Increases and Decreases Status also found that someone who tells
inappropriate jokes is also seen as confident but they’re also regarded
as incompetent.
　　So telling the right jokes in the office or classroom can spread
some happiness.A study published in The Journal of Behavioral and
Applied Management in 2006， which found for healthcare workers，
emotional exhaustion was significantly lower among those who
experienced greater levels of fun at work.And other research has
discovered that teams who share more jokes gave more supportive and
constructive statements to each other and that’s no joke！
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了幽默在生活和工作中的
重要作用。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了幽默在生活和工作中的
重要作用。
1. In what way does Steve Carlisle try to get along with his
employees？
A. Helpful ways. B. Inspiring ways.
C. Confident ways. D. Humorous ways.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第二段中的He says “Humour can help
people ...at what they do.”可推斷，史蒂夫·卡萊爾認為幽默有助于
人們放松，感到舒適，工作更有效。由此推斷，他與員工的相處方
式是幽默的。
2. What should a new teacher do if he or she is to appear confident and
competent？
A. Try to be relaxed. B. Try to be careful.
C. Tell jokes. D. Keep calm.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第二段中的Humour can be used by
teachers in the classroom too.和第三段中的According to
Professor ...or her status.可知，如果一個新老師想要看起來自信和
有能力，可以講笑話，表現出幽默。
3. What does the underlined phrase “break the ice” in Paragraph 2
probably mean？
A. Have a conversation.
B. Have an argument.
C. Break a habit.
D. Talk about ice.
解析：　詞義猜測題。根據上文Humour can be used by teachers
in the classroom too.和下文create a more relaxed atmosphere which
is good for learning可知，老師可以在課堂上使用幽默的方式與學
生們交談，創造出更輕松的氛圍，有利于學習。因此推斷畫線短語
指“交談”，從而打破僵局。
4. What is someone seen as when they tell unsuitable jokes？
A. Easy-going. B. Incapable.
C. Stupid. D. Enjoyable.
解析：　細節理解題。根據倒數第二段中的His study
Risky ...regarded as incompetent.可知，講不恰當笑話的人被認為是
無能的。
B
　　Former British Prime Minister Winston Churchill once said that
the British are the only people who like to be told how bad things
are.This is true of British comedy.Most people think humour is about
happy things， but for the British， the opposite is true.We love to use
our sense of humour to complain and be negative.
　　British comedy， for example， draws a fine line between
comedy and tragedy.The Office is a TV show， famous for its dry
humour.The main character， David Brent， is a foolish man， and
the show’s comedy comes from his delusions.For example， he often
tells himself that he is loved by everyone but the viewers can see that
everyone hates him.
　　Stupid characters for the audience to laugh at are an old tradition
in Britain.In Shakespeare’s play Twelfth Night， the character
Malvolio is an old man whom people play tricks on.The audience will
laugh away， although the reality is that this man is a truly tragic
individual （個人）.
　　This side of British humour is reflected in friendships as well.At
university， my friends and I would always laugh at one another.I had
an American friend who actually found this sarcasm （挖苦） quite
upsetting.She didn’t realize that in Britain， the better friends you are
with someone， the more you laugh at him or her.This way —
laughing at everything — may sound rather depressing， but our
strange humour played a big part in British history.In the Second
World War， along with a stiff upper lip， the British got through it
by laughing.What else was there to do？
　　There is a saying in English：“Laugh and the world laughs with
you； weep and you weep alone.”If you are ever on the receiving end
of British sarcasm， you may feel like crying， but it’s best to just
laugh it off！
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了英式幽默在文化和
生活中的體現，以及我們應該如何回應這種幽默。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了英式幽默在文化和
生活中的體現，以及我們應該如何回應這種幽默。
5. How is British humour different from others？
A. It often concerns human nature.
B. It is often surprising and negative.
C. It is often about the bad things in life.
D. It often makes people feel depressed.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第一段中的Most people think
humour is about happy things， but for the British， the
opposite is true.可知，大多數人認為幽默是關于開心的事情，
但對英國人來說恰恰相反。
6. What does the underlined word “delusions” in Paragraph 2 mean？
A. Strong abilities. B. Kind gestures.
C. Wrong beliefs. D. Deep doubts.
解析：　詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞后所舉的例子可知，David
Brent認為每個人都喜歡他，但觀眾可以看出，每個人都討厭他，
故此處表示他的“錯覺”。
7. Why is Shakespeare’s play Twelfth Night mentioned？
A. To show one of the best examples of British comedy.
B. To praise Shakespeare for his representative works.
C. To stress the difficulty of getting people to accept British comedy.
D. To prove Britain has a tradition of laughing at stupid characters.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第三段前兩句可知，觀眾嘲笑愚蠢的
人物在英國是一個古老的傳統，接下來以莎士比亞的作品為例來證
明這個觀點。
8. How does the author advise people to react to British sarcasm？
A. Learn from it.
B. Not take it seriously.
C. Forget about the upsetting things.
D. Be careful not to make stupid mistakes.
解析：細節理解題。根據最后一段最后一句可知，對于英國人
的挖苦嘲諷，人們一笑置之即可，不必太當真。
C
　　Dr.Wiseman started “the laugh lab” project in September.It is the
largest study of humour.Participants are invited to log on to the laugh
lab website， give a few personal details， tell their favourite jokes
and judge the jokes told by other people.
　　The project will last for a year， and the organisers hope to
finally discover the world’s funniest joke.But there is also a serious
purpose.The researchers want to know what people from different
nations and cultures find funny.And they want to find out the
difference between the male and female sense of humour.The idea is
that if we want to understand each other， we have to find out what
makes us laugh.
　　This is a subject that has long attracted psychologists and
philosophers.Most of the time， people are not completely honest.We
do things that society expects us to and say things that help us get what
we want.But laughing cannot be controlled.When we laugh， we tell
the truth about ourselves.By December over 10，000 jokes had been
submitted （遞交）.This gave the scientists enough evidence to make
early conclusions.It seems that men and women do have different
senses of humour， for instance.
　　“Our findings show the major differences in the ways in which
males and females use humour，” said Dr.Wiseman.“Males use
humour to appear superior to others， while females are more skilled
in languages and prefer wordplay.”Researchers also found that there
really is such a thing as a national sense of humour.The British enjoy
what is usually called “toilet humour”.But the French like their jokes
short and sharp：“You’re a high-priced lawyer.Will you answer two
questions for $500？” “Yes.What’s the second question？”
　　The Germans are famous for not having a sense of humour.But
the survey found that German participants were more likely to find
submitted jokes funny than any other nationality.Perhaps that proves
the point.Is this joke funny？ I don’t know， but let’s say yes， just to
be safe.
　　Dr.Wiseman and his workmates also submitted jokes created by
computers.But none of those who took part in the survey found any of
them amusing.Perhaps this is puters already seem like they
can do everything.At least they should leave the funny stuff to us.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了由Dr.Wiseman進行的一
次有關幽默感的調查，調查者想了解世界上最幽默的笑話，了解來
自不同國家不同文化的人的幽默感，以及男女之間幽默感的不同，
同時通過統計得出了一定的結論。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了由Dr.Wiseman進行的一
次有關幽默感的調查，調查者想了解世界上最幽默的笑話，了解來
自不同國家不同文化的人的幽默感，以及男女之間幽默感的不同，
同時通過統計得出了一定的結論。
9. What’s the purpose of “the laugh lab” project？
A. To find the funniest joke in European countries.
B. To get more personal details about participants.
C. To know what funny people are like from different nations and
cultures.
D. To find out the differences between the male and female sense of
humour.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第二段中的The project will
last ...sense of humour.可知，研究者的目的是搜集世界上最有
趣的笑話，調查不同的人有什么不同的幽默感以及男女之間幽
默感的不同。
10. What can we infer from the passage？
A. Most of the people all over the world are completely honest.
B. People tell the truth about themselves only when they laugh.
C. Ordinary people are not interested in “the laugh lab” project at all.
D. Psychologists and philosophers take interest in the “laugh lab”
project.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第三段第一句可推斷，這個項目已
經吸引了心理學家和哲學家。
11. According to the passage， what can we safely say？
A. Jokes created by computers are less appealing to people.
B. Men and women have similar senses of humour.
C. The project lasted one year.
D. Scientists have collected enough evidence to make final conclusions.
解析：　細節理解題。根據最后一段前兩句可知，電腦創造的
笑話對人的吸引力較小。
12. What is the best title for the passage？
A. Funny or Not？
B. Laugh Louder！
C. Men Laugh Better！
D. Watch Out for the Trap in Jokes！
解析：　標題歸納題。縱觀全文，文章介紹了由Dr.Wiseman進
行的一次有關幽默感的調查，調查者想了解世界上最幽默的笑
話，了解來自不同國家不同文化的人的幽默感，以及男女之間幽
默感的不同，同時通過統計得出了一定的結論。故A項為文章最
佳標題。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Sharing a Sense of Style
　　When I woke up on 4 August， there was only one thing on my
mind： what to wear.A billion 　13　 raced through my brain.I didn’t
want to be trying too hard， but I also didn’t want to be seen as a lazy
and 　14　 girl.Not only was it my first day of high school， but it was
my first day of school in a new state； first impressions were 　15　
and it was important for me to impress the people who I would spend
the next four years with.
　　This was my third time being the 　16　 kid.But this time
was 　17　 because my dad promised that I would start and finish
high school in the same place.This time mattered， and that made
me 　18　.
　　After carefully 　19　 my closet， I proudly came out in a
dress.The soft cotton was 　20　 and the ruffled shoulders added a
hint of fun.Yes， this outfit was the one. An hour later， I felt
powerful as I 　21　 toward room 1136.But as I entered the
classroom， my jaw dropped to the floor.
　　Sitting at the desk was Mrs Hutfilz， my English
teacher， 　22　 exactly the same dress as me.I kept my head 　23　
and walked to my seat silently.I made it through my brief
introduction 　24　 until Mrs Hutfilz stood up， jokingly adding that
she liked my style.Although this was the moment I had been afraid of
from the moment I walked in， all my anxiety surprisingly 　25　，
and the students paid attention as I shared my story.My smile grew as
I laughed with the students.After class， I stayed behind and talked to
Mrs Hutfilz， relieved to make a humourous and real connection.
　　Looking back four years later， I thought the ten minutes I spent
being afraid of giving my speech were really not worth it.My first
period of high school certainly made the day 　26　 in the best way
and taught me that Mrs Hutfilz has an awesome sense of 　27　！
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者在高中開學第一天非常重視自
己的穿著，想給大家留下一個好印象。結果，當作者走進教室的時
候，卻發現自己和老師穿著同樣的衣服。作者很尷尬、緊張，但是
老師以幽默的方式化解了作者的緊張。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者在高中開學第一天非常重視自
己的穿著，想給大家留下一個好印象。結果，當作者走進教室的時
候，卻發現自己和老師穿著同樣的衣服。作者很尷尬、緊張，但是
老師以幽默的方式化解了作者的緊張。
13. A. thoughts B. reasons
C. causes D. substitutes
解析：　根據下文的raced through my brain可知，作者的腦子
里閃過許多關于穿什么衣服的念頭。
14. A. particular B. untidy
C. serious D. unkind
解析：　根據上文的I also didn’t want to be seen as a lazy并結合
常識可知，打扮得不好會給人留下懶惰和邋遢的印象。
15. A. much B. nothing
C. little D. everything
解析：　根據下文的it was important for me可知，作者覺得第
一印象很重要，就是“一切（everything）”。
16. A. new B. old C. ordinary D. special
解析：　根據上文的Not only was it ... a new state可知，此處表
示這是作者第三次當新生。
17. A. similar B. difficult
C. different D. easy
解析：　根據下文的my dad promised ... high school in the same
place可知，這次的情況有所不同，因為父親承諾會讓作者在同一
個地方讀完高中。
18. A. happy B. relieved
C. nervous D. excited
解析：　根據上文的This time mattered， and that made me 可
知，作者很看重這次和同學的見面，因此很緊張。
19. A. searching B. tidying
C. fixing D. ranging
解析：　根據上文的When I woke up ...what to wear.可知，作者
在思考開學第一天穿什么，所以此處是指在衣柜里尋找衣服。
20. A. convincing B. comfortable
C. heavy D. slight
解析：　結合上文的The soft cotton可知，棉布材質的裙子穿起
來很舒服。
21. A. drove B. slipped C. headed D. slid
解析：根據下文的toward room 1136可知，此處表示作者走向
自己的教室。head toward “走向”。
22. A. putting B. ironing
C. wearing D. having
解析：　根據下文的exactly the same dress as me可知，老師和
作者穿著一樣的衣服。
23. A. away B. up C. down D. off
解析：　根據上文語境及下文的and walked to my seat silently可
知，作者居然和老師穿了同樣的衣服，頓時覺得尷尬，所以是低
著頭走到了自己的座位上。
24. A. paper B. speech C. lecture D. class
解析：　根據上文的my brief introduction可知，此處指作者簡
短的個人介紹，應用speech。
25. A. went up B. melted away
C. added up D. gave out
解析：　根據下文的My smile grew as I laughed with the
students.可知，作者的焦慮消失了。
26. A. lonesome B. embarrassing
C. troublesome D. unforgettable
解析：　根據上文作者在高中第一天和老師穿了同樣的裙子以
及四年后仍然記得那天的事情可推知，作者覺得那一天很難忘。
27. A. responsibility B. justice
C. style D. humour
解析：　文章以作者和老師穿了同樣的裙子展開，最后老師以
幽默的方式化解了尷尬的情況，故此處用style，既指Hutfilz老師
有很好的時尚感，又指Hutfilz老師的處事風格很棒。
Ⅲ.語法填空
　　Stand-up is a kind of comedy 　28　 （do） on a stage by a
comedian talking straight to audience members.There are 　29　
（vary） styles of stand-up comedy.First， some comedians tell jokes
about the way people behave or about the daily life.Second， other
comedians rely on visual humour， 　30　 may be inspired by
objects.Third， other comedians may trip over chairs， walk into
doors， and fall down on stage in order to get people 　31　
（laugh）.
　　Billy Crystal is one of 　32　 most famous stand-up
comedians.One reason why Crystal has become so famous is 　33　 he
is very quick thinking and is often able to come up 　34　 new jokes
about the people and things around him.Crystal is popular with all
age 　35　 （group） and has the ability to amuse people all over the
world.This proves that stand-up can be enjoyed by everyone.
　　Nowadays，stand-up comedy is popular all over the
world.Doctors even 　36　 （discover） so far that it helps stay
healthy 　37　 fight pains.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了“單口喜劇”這種類型的
喜劇以及最著名的單口喜劇演員之一——Billy Crystal。
28. done　考查非謂語動詞。句中有系動詞is且無連詞， 故應用非謂
語動詞形式， comedy與do之間為邏輯上的動賓關系，應用do的過去
分詞。故填done。
29. various　考查詞形轉換。空后styles意為“方式”， 為可數名詞復
數， 前面應用形容詞修飾。故填various。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了“單口喜劇”這種類型的
喜劇以及最著名的單口喜劇演員之一——Billy Crystal。
30. which　考查定語從句。根據句意和句子結構可知， 空處引導非
限制性定語從句， 先行詞為visual humour，指物，在從句中作主
語， 故填which。
31. to laugh　考查非謂語動詞。get sb to do sth意為“使某人做某
事”，故填to laugh。
32. the　考查冠詞。“one of the＋形容詞最高級＋名詞復數”意為
“最……之一”， 故填the。
33. that　考查表語從句。根據句意和句子結構可知，空處引導表語
從句，作is的表語，從句中不缺成分且意義完整。故填that。
34. with　考查介詞。come up with意為“想出， 提出（計劃、想法
等）”， 后接new jokes， 意為“想出新的笑話”。故填with。
35. groups　考查名詞復數。句中group意為“群， 組”， 為可數名
詞， 根據句意及空前all可知， 這里指所有年齡群體， 故應用group
的復數形式。故填groups。
36. have discovered　考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。根據句意和句中so
far可知， 句子應用現在完成時， 且句子主語為Doctors，謂語應用復
數形式。故填have discovered。
37. and　考查連詞。句中stay healthy和fight pains之間為并列關系，
都是單口喜劇帶來的幫助， 故應用連詞and連接兩個并列短語。故填
and。
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