資源簡介

UNIT 5　Revealing nature
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
維度一：品句填詞
1.On a 　　　　　　（遙遠的） mountain was a sign —“Build the Three Gorges Dam， Exploit the Yangtze River”.
2.Stone tools that were unearthed there indicate the early cultural capabilities of our human 　　　　　　　　　　（祖先）.
3.They enjoyed fresh watermelon last summer because they had planted watermelon 　　　　　（種子） in the spring.
4.The judge was convinced of the proof that linked the 　　　　　　（嫌疑犯） with the crime.
5.It is 　　　　　　（預測） that the weather is bound to get better tomorrow.
6.There is growing e　　　　　　 that staying up late at night has a serious impact on people’s health.
7.Professor Smith is very kind.You can turn to him for help as long as he is a　　　　　　.
8.The scientist collected some insects and plants as s　　　　　　 in the mountain for his study.
維度二：詞形轉換
1.The fact is that most people didn’t believe his theory of 　　　　　　（evolve）.
2.It is widely believed that the public transport is a 　　　　　　（grace） in India， making native people unsatisfied.
3.His grandfather works as a 　　　　　　（geology）， who always deals with rocks and soils in the open air.
4.The three 　　　　　　（generate） are all fond of the old singer.
5.Regardless of the weather and the 　　　　　　（distant）， Professor Li will make sure students attend his class on time.
6.Darwin’s 　　　　　　（science） studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory.
7.It is 　　　　　　（benefit） to some people， while it puts others into a dilemma over whether to vote or not.
8.I had been betrayed by those who I trusted several times， resulting in a 　　　　　　（suspect） attitude towards everything and everyone.
維度三：固定搭配和句式
1.No one knows when such a custom first 　　　　　　　　　　　　　（產生）.
2.Nowadays， cycling， along with jogging and swimming， 　　　　　　　　　　　（被看作） one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
3.To my amazement， his opinion 　　　　　　　（與……相似） mine in many aspects.
4.One popular test asks the participants to grade their preferences for 　　　　　　　　　　　　（各種各樣的） work tasks.
5.This was also the height of the tourist season， and the streets 　　　　　　　　　　　　　（擠滿） tourists from around the world.
6.In my opinion， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （人們似乎震驚了）.
7.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （隨著暑假的臨近）， I will be free for almost three months.
8.They 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（直到老板回來才離開辦公室）.
維度四：課文語法填空
　　The captain of the ship named the Beagle wanted someone to profit by 1.　　　　　　 （visit） distant countries.Luckily， Darwin got the opportunity，2.　　　　　　 he was not the captain’s first choice.Darwin was a geologist and naturalist，3.　　　　　　 （fascinate） by rocks， plants and animals.The journey gave him the chance 4.　　　　　　 （study） various living things in their natural environments.After Darwin 5.　　　　　　　　 （spend） some time in South America， his room was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had collected.He began to consider the question 6.　　　　　　 different species came to exist.He noticed that some species of animals were very similar 7.　　　　　　 each other.Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their 8.　　　　　　 （change） environments？ Darwin decided to find out the truth.In 1835， Darwin saw a variety of new species， but it was the birds that interested him the most.After much research， he came to the 9.　　　　　　　　 （conclude） that new species evolved from earlier ancestors.Darwin explained this theory in his book， On the Origin of Species， which 10.　　　　　　　　 （regard） as one of the most important works ever written.It has changed ideas about life on Earth forever.And it all began with the journey on the Beagle.
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　（2023·新課標Ⅰ卷）When John Todd was a child， he loved to explore the woods around his house， observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream， for example， often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older， John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
　　After studying agriculture， medicine， and fisheries in college， John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria （細菌）？ Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals？ With the right combination of animals and plants， he figured， maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
　　The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge （污泥）. First， he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little， these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks， John added the sludge.
　　He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it！ Within weeks， it had all been digested， and all that was left was pure water.
　　Over the years， John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage （污水） from 1，600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou， a city in southeast China.
　　“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does.“Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor，” he says.“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
1.What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs？
A.He was fond of traveling.
B.He enjoyed being alone.
C.He had an inquiring mind.
D.He longed to be a doctor.
2.Why did John put the sludge into the tanks？
A.To feed the animals.
B.To build an ecosystem.
C.To protect the plants.
D.To test the eco-machine.
3.What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou？
A.To review John’s research plans.
B.To show an application of John’s idea.
C.To compare John’s different jobs.
D.To erase doubts about John’s invention.
4.What is the basis for John’s work？
A.Nature can repair itself.
B.Organisms need water to survive.
C.Life on Earth is diverse.
D.Most tiny creatures live in groups.
B
　　Stephen Warren， study leader at the University of Washington — has been on the case of the green icebergs for more than 30 years.He first took samples from one of these green hunks of ice in 1988， near the Amery Ice Shelf， East Antarctic.Most glacial ice occurs in shades of white to brilliant blue.The bluer the ice， the older it is.Typically， compression （壓縮） from accumulating layers of snow pushes air bubbles out of the ice， reducing the scattering of white light.The compressed ice absorbs most of the light except for blue — creating the blue color seen in the hearts of icebergs and glaciers.
　　The green ice was similarly bubble-free， and yet it looked green instead of blue.Warren and his team soon found that the green ice came not from glaciers， but from marine ice.That’s the ice from the undersides of floating ice shelves.
　　At first， the team thought that organic material in the marine ice was causing the green color.But further research showed that the green marine ice didn’t have a higher-than-usual amount of organic impurities.Now， a new study finds that a different sort of impurity may be the root cause of the green ice.Warren and his colleagues report that the marine ice at the bottom of the Amery Ice Shell has 500 times more iron than the glacial ice above.
　　This iron comes from the rocks under the Antarctic Ice Sheet， which are turned into fine powder as glaciers move over them.The icebound iron oxidizes （氧化） as it contacts seawater.The resulting iron oxide particles take on a green color when light scatters through them.When icebergs break off the larger ice shelf， they carry this iron-rich ice with them.It’s like taking a package to the post office.The iceberg can deliver this iron into the ocean far away， and then melt and deliver it to other living things that can use it as a nutrient.
5.What’s special about the iceberg found by Warren？
A.The iceberg was old.
B.The iceberg absorbed blue light.
C.The iceberg’s heart was pure white.
D.The iceberg was bubble-free and green.
6.What’s the actual reason for the green color of some Antarctic icebergs？
A.Iron dust from marine ice.
B.Impurities of marine ice.
C.Reflection of green plants.
D.Compression from layers of snow.
7.What’s the function of the iron mentioned in the last paragraph？
A.Deliver the package.
B.Oxidize the seawater.
C.Bring marine life nutrients.
D.Break off the large ice shelf.
8.What is the text mainly about？
A.A study about Antarctic.
B.The colors of icebergs.
C.The movement of icebergs.
D.The mystery of green icebergs.
C
　　On a mid-September day， scientists Chris Rimmer and Bill DeLuca drive to the top of the highest mountain in Vermont.They lower themselves down a steep rocky path and hike through a forest until they find a good spot.Then they hang nets from ski racing poles， hoping to catch some blackpoll warblers （黑頂白頰林鶯） to measure， tag， and release them in Mount Mansfield.It is in an open space in the woods that the nets are set.
　　The blackpoll warbler is a fist-size bird with an unusually high-pitched song.The male has white cheeks and a black mark on its head like a hat； the female is mostly gray with darker cheeks and no distinguishing marks.But what makes the bird special is the remarkable way it flies south for the winter.In the fall， millions of these birds fly from their mountaintop homes in Canada， Alaska and New England to the northeast coast of the United States to prepare for a dangerous journey.For weeks， they fill their bellies with spiders and beetles until their bodies can hold no more.And one fall day， when the sky is clear and the wind is calm， they begin to fly.They fly east to catch the tailwinds， then fly south.Some blackpolls can fly for three days without stopping.
　　Sadly， the number of blackpolls is dropping so fast that they are in danger now.Thus， tracking their migration helps figure out the reason.DeLuca and Rimmer work until dark placing nets and then sleep on the floor of a nearby hut.They return before sunrise and find dozens of blackpolls in the nets.
　　Rimmer holds a blackpoll and ties a tiny aluminum band around its leg.Each band has a nine-digit number for tracking.They need to understand what’s hurting them to protect them.When Rimmer opens his hand， the songbird flies farther up the mountain and lands on a branch， facing south.This blackpoll’s long journey will begin soon.
9.Where do the scientists set nets according to Paragraph 1？
A.At the foot of the mountain.
B.On a rocky road.
C.In a clearing space.
D.Around the tree branches.
10.What can we know about the blackpoll warblers from the passage？
A.They are small birds with soft sounds.
B.The colour of the blackpolls is totally black.
C.They travel to the northeast coast of the US for the winter.
D.They fly east with the winds before heading south.
11.Why are blackpolls tagged with a small metal band？
A.To figure out how they become endangered.
B.To warn people not to hurt them.
C.To remind them to return on time.
D.To help them to find the direction.
12.What’s the text mainly about？
A.A long migration of blackpolls.
B.An outdoor birdwatching activity.
C.An attempt to investigate an endangered bird.
D.The achievements of two scientists.
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　A flower festival is an event during which many types of flowers are shown to the public.In some cases， a flower festival may be a small event attended by local people who grow plants as a hobby.　13　 They may attract large numbers of flower growers， flower sellers and tourists.
　　Usually， a flower festival takes place at a time of year when many types of flowers are fully open.　14　 In this case， the organizers must make sure that the event is scheduled during the right time of year for that type.
　　Some festivals are arranged to encourage flower growers to grow certain types of plants.People are invited to show their flowers at the festival.　15　 Prizes are given to those who grow the largest， most colorful or hardiest （最耐寒的） plants.
　　Besides competing for prizes， many flower growers show their plants in flower shows for business purposes.Some people use these events to win contracts with companies that buy large numbers of flowers.Some take the chance to market flowers to customers.　16　 They put their newly created plants on show at these festivals.
　　　17　 Local restaurants provide meals and drinks for attendees.Musicians and other entertainers （演藝人員） are sometimes hired to provide attendees with pleasure.Nearby hotels and shops are full of people.They all can make a lot of money from the event.
A.There will be competitions.
B.These flowers can be very expensive.
C.Other festivals are big international events.
D.Some festivals focus on a certain type of plant.
E.Some growers have created new types of flowers.
F.Usually， some flower festivals are held in the big parks.
G.Flower festivals can also encourage local economic development.
13.　　　　　　14.　　　　　　15.　　　　
16.　　　 17.　　　
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
基礎知識自測
維度一
1.distant　2.ancestors　3.seeds　4.suspect　5.predicted　6.evidence　7.available　8.samples
維度二
1.evolution　2.disgrace　3.geologist　4.generations
5.distance　6.scientific　7.beneficial　8.suspicious
維度三
1.came to exist
2.is regarded as
3.is similar to
4.a variety of
5.were crowded with
6.it seemed that people were shocked
7.As the summer break is approaching
8.didn’t leave the office until their boss came back
維度四
1.visiting　2.although/though　3.fascinated　4.to study　5.had spent　6.how　7.to　8.changing　9.conclusion
10.is regarded
素養能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。John Todd從小就喜歡觀察大自然，并被自然的自我修復能力折服。大學時期經過專業的學習之后，John通過實驗設計了生態機器，并解決了很多實際的污水凈化問題。
1.C　細節理解題。根據第一段中的observing how nature solved problems和When he got older， John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.和第二段中的John went back to observing nature and asking questions以及第二段中的兩個問題可以看出，John是一個具有探究精神的人。
2.D　推理判斷題。根據第三段中的The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge （污泥） ...placed them in the tanks可知，John修建水箱是為了清理污泥中的有害物質，為此，他在水箱里放了一些動植物。第四段中的all that was left was pure water表明了將污泥放入水箱之后的變化。據此可以推斷，John在水箱里放入污泥是為了測試他的生態機器的效果。
3.B　推理判斷題。根據第五段中的Over the years， John has taken on many big jobs.可知，多年來，John做了很多大型工作。下文提到凈化福州的運河水是為了舉例說明John的發明及其理念在實踐中的應用。
4.A　推理判斷題。本文主要圍繞John的疑問展開，即一條骯臟的溪流在穿過植物和流過微生物居住的巖石后，往往會變得清澈，這個過程是否可以用來清理人們制造的臟亂呢？正是在這個疑問的指引下，John發明了“生態設計”，因此，John發明的根源就在于自然的自我修復能力，且最后一段最后一句也表明了John的工作基于“自然可以進行自我修復”這一理念。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了華盛頓大學的Stephen Warren帶領自己的團隊揭開了綠色冰山的形成之謎。
5.D　細節理解題。根據第二段第一句可知，Warren發現的冰山沒有氣泡且呈綠色。
6.A　細節理解題。根據最后一段中的This iron comes from ...light scatters through them.可知，海冰中的鐵塵是一些冰山呈綠色的真正原因。
7.C　細節理解題。根據最后一段中的The iceberg can deliver ...as a nutrient.可知，冰山中的鐵最終會被輸送給其他生物，當作它們的營養物質。
8.D　主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文圍繞Stephen Warren帶領自己的團隊揭開了綠色冰山的形成之謎展開。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。科學家在瀕危的黑頂白頰林鶯的腿上纏上一根帶有編號的鋁帶，以便追蹤它們并找到它們數量減少的原因，進而更好地保護它們。
9.C　細節理解題。根據第一段中的It is in an open space in the woods that the nets are set.可知，科學家們在林間空地設網。
10.D　細節理解題。根據第二段中的The blackpoll warbler is a fist-size bird ... darker cheeks and no distinguishing marks. 可知，A、B選項不正確；根據第二段中的In the fall， millions of these birds ... to prepare for a dangerous journey.可知，C選項不正確。根據第二段中的They fly east to catch the tailwinds， then fly south.可知，D選項正確。
11.A　細節理解題。根據第三段中的the number of blackpolls ... helps figure out the reason以及最后一段中的Rimmer holds a blackpoll ... hurting them可知，在黑頂白頰林鶯腿上纏上一根帶有編號的鋁帶是為了追蹤它們并找到它們數量減少的原因。
12.C　主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章主要講述了黑頂白頰林鶯的數量驟降，為了找到其中的原因進而更好地保護它們，科學家在其腿上纏上一根帶有編號的鋁帶以便對其進行追蹤。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了花卉節的活動方式及活動意義。
13.C　根據上文In some cases ...plants as a hobby.可知，花卉節可能是一個由當地人參加的小型活動。根據空后一句可知，此處說的是另一些節日或活動。C項承上啟下，符合語境。
14.D　根據空后一句可知，空處應該提到某個物種。D項符合語境，D項中的a certain type of plant與下文for that type呼應。
15.A　根據上下文可知，此處指節日期間會組織比賽。A項符合語境。
16.E　根據下文They put their newly created plants on show at these festivals.可知，E項與下文意思一致，E項中的new types of flowers與下文their newly created plants呼應，符合語境。
17.G　根據下文可知，這項活動能夠帶動當地的經濟發展。G項符合語境。
6 / 6Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
A Journey of Discovery
　　The captain of the ship，the Beagle，wanted someone [1]who would “profit by the opportunity of visiting distant① countries yet little known”.The person [2]who answered the call② was not the captain’s first choice③.It was a young man who had left medical school without completing his degree.What’s more④， he had recently received a letter from his father [3]predicting⑤ that he would be “a disgrace⑥ to yourself and all your family”.Despite all this， his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important scientific discoveries of all time⑦.
　　[1]who引導定語從句，修飾先行詞someone。
　　[2]who引導定語從句，修飾先行詞person。
　　[3]predicting ...為動詞-ing短語作狀語。
　　The young man in question⑧，Charles Darwin， was a geologist⑨ and naturalist， [4]fascinated by rocks， plants and animals.He left England on the ship， the Beagle， in 1831.The journey gave him the chance [5]to study various living things in their natural environments. After Darwin had spent some time in South America， his room on the ship was crowded with⑩ samples of the plants and animals he had collected.[6]As he studied these， he asked himself the question：how did different species come to exist ？
　　At that time， people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time ， and had not changed since.But Darwin began to think differently.He noticed that some species of animals were very similar to each other.Maybe animals evolved [7]as they adapted to their changing environments？It was just an idea， but enough to inspire Darwin to look for more evidence .
　　[4]動詞-ed形式短語作后置定語，修飾geologist and naturalist。
　　[5]動詞不定式短語作后置定語，修飾名詞chance。
　　[6][7]句中as均引導時間狀語從句，意為“當……的時候”。
　　When the Beagle reached the Gal pagos Islands in 1835，Darwin saw a variety of new species， but [8]it was the birds that interested him the most.Darwin noticed that there was a difference between the finches on each of the islands.It seemed their beaks had evolved according to [9]what food was available on that particular island.
　　[8]it was ...that ...為強調句，強調主語the birds。
　　[9]what引導賓語從句，作介詞to的賓語。
　　Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor ，[10]which had arrived on the islands a long time before.Over time ， it had slowly evolved into many new species.And that was the answer to [11]how new species of plants and animals came to exist：they evolved from earlier ancestors.
　　[10]which引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞ancestor。
　　[11]how引導賓語從句，作介詞to的賓語。
　　It was a completely new idea — a theory of evolution .Darwin explained this theory in his book， On the Origin of Species.It was not published until 1859 and immediately caused a storm.Many people refused to believe that living things， including humans， had evolved from lower forms of life.They were shocked.But Darwin’s scientific studies were [12]so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory.
　　Today，On the Origin of Species is regarded as one of the most important works [13]ever written.It has changed ideas about life on Earth forever.And it all began with the journey on the Beagle.
　　[12]so ...that引導結果狀語從句，意為“如此……以至于……”。
　　[13]動詞-ed形式作后置定語，修飾名詞works。
【讀文清障】
①distant adj.遙遠的
②answer the call響應號召
③first choice第一選擇
④what’s more此外，更重要的是
⑤predict v.預言
⑥disgrace n.丟臉，恥辱
be a disgrace是恥辱，是丟臉的事
⑦of all time有史以來；一直
⑧in question討論中的；考慮中的
⑨geologist n.地質學家
⑩be crowded with擁塞；擠滿；充滿
sample n.樣本
come to exist出現；產生
at the same time同時
be similar to與……相似
evolve v.進化
adapt to適應/適合……
evidence n.證據
a variety of種種；各種各樣的
finch n.雀科鳴禽
beak n.鳥嘴，喙
available adj.可利用的；可獲得的；可找到的；有空暇的
be available for對于……可用的
suspect v.猜想，懷疑，覺得
ancestor n.（動物的）原種，祖先
over time隨著時間的推移
evolution n.進化（論）
publish v.出版；發表
including prep.包含；包括
convincing adj.令人信服的；有說服力的
be regarded as被認為是
begin with開始于……
【參考譯文】
發現之旅
　　貝格爾號的船長想要招募這樣一名船員，這名船員將能“借此機會訪問遙遠而鮮為人知的國度并從中受益”。然而來應聘的人并不是船長心中的理想人選。這個年輕人從醫學院肄業，并且在他剛收到的家書中，父親預言他將會成為“自己和全家人的恥辱”。盡管如此，他的這次乘船探險之旅將帶來有史以來最重要的一項科學發現。
　　我們提到的這個年輕人就是地質學家和博物學家查爾斯·達爾文，他對巖石和動植物有著濃厚的興趣。1831年，他搭乘貝格爾號從英格蘭啟程。這趟旅程給了他研究自然環境中各種生物的契機。在南美洲度過一段時間后，他的船艙里堆滿了收集到的動植物樣本。當他研究這些樣本時，他產生了疑問：這些不同的物種是如何產生的？
　　當時，人們認為所有的物種都是同時出現在地球上的，并從此再無變化。但達爾文開始有了不同的想法。他注意到，有些不同物種的動物彼此間很相似。也許動物為了適應不斷變化的環境會逐漸進化？雖然這只是一個設想，但足夠鼓舞達爾文去尋求更多證據。
　　1835年，當貝格爾號抵達加拉帕戈斯群島的時候，達爾文發現了各種各樣的新物種，但是其中最令他感興趣的是鳥類。達爾文注意到，在群島中的每一個小島上，雀鳥之間有所不同。它們的喙似乎是根據所在島嶼上可覓得的食物進化而來的。
　　達爾文猜想，這里所有的雀鳥都由共同的祖先進化而來。很久以前，雀鳥的祖先來到這片群島，隨著時間推移，慢慢進化成許多新的種類。于是，關于動植物的新種類是如何產生的這個問題就有了答案：它們是從早期的祖先進化而來的。
　　這是一個全新的觀點——進化論。達爾文在他的《物種起源》一書中對此進行了解釋。這本書直到1859年才出版，出版后立即引起轟動。很多人拒絕相信包括人在內的所有生命都是從更低級的生命形式進化而來的。他們對此感到震驚。然而，達爾文的科學研究很有說服力，以至于越來越多的人開始接受他的理論。
　　如今，《物種起源》被認為是迄今為止最重要的著作之一。它徹底地改變了人類對于地球上生命的認識。而這一切都開始于貝格爾號的探索之旅。
第一步：析架構理清脈絡
Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
第二步：知細節明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.According to the text， which of the following is NOT correct？
A.Charles Darwin was not the captain’s first choice.
B.Charles Darwin’s father predicted he would be a disgrace to his family.
C.He came back to England on the Beagle in 1831.
D.The journey aroused his interest in the question how different species came to exist.
2.What was the common belief at that time？
A.All species had appeared on Earth at different times.
B.All species had not changed since they appeared.
C.Some species of animals were the same.
D.Animals adapted to the changing environment gradually.
3.　　　　 interested Charles Darwin most in 1835 on the island.
A.Plants　　　　　　　　　B.Dogs
C.New species D.Birds
4.What can we infer from the passage？
A.Charles Darwin was not an excellent graduate from the medical school.
B.Charles Darwin was well received by the captain.
C.All his achievements began with the journey on the Beagle.
D.Charles Darwin explained his theory immediately he came back.
第三步：品語言妙筆生輝
1.Read the second paragraph carefully and find the sentence which can be used to introduce a person.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.Read the sixth paragraph carefully and find the sentence which is used to describe the reaction that something causes.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第四步：拓思維品質提升
Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1.Why didn’t Darwin publish his theory of evolution until 1859？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.What characteristics can we learn from Darwin？ Which one of them do you think will be the most helpful in your life and study？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第五步：析難句表達升級
1.When the Beagle reached the Gal pagos Islands in 1835， Darwin saw a variety of new species， but it was the birds that interested him the most.
句式分析 本句為并列復合句，but前的分句為復合句，When the Beagle reached the Gal pagos Islands in 1835為When引導的　　　　從句；but后的分句是　　　句。
自主翻譯 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor， which had arrived on the islands a long time before.
句式分析 本句為復合句， that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor為that引導的　　　　從句，which had arrived on the islands a long time before為which引導的　　　　　　從句，修飾先行詞　　　　　　　　　　。
自主翻譯 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Part Ⅰ　核心詞匯集釋
distant adj.遙遠的；遠處的；遠親的
【教材原句】　The captain of the ship， the Beagle， wanted someone who would “profit by the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little known”.貝格爾號的船長想要招募這樣一名船員，這名船員將能“借此機會訪問遙遠而鮮為人知的國度并從中受益”。
【用法】
（1）a distant cousin/aunt/relative　　遠房堂兄弟/姑母/親戚
（2）distance n. 距離；遠方
in the distance 在遠處
at a distance （of） 在……遠的地方；距離稍遠
keep sb at a distance 對某人冷淡；與某人疏遠；與某人保持一定距離
keep one’s distance from 與……保持距離
【佳句】　The time we spent together is a distant memory now.
我們在一起度過的時光現在已經成為遙遠的回憶。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Small and distant 　　　　　　the cities though my hometown is，there is always something different to catch your eye.
②Standing at the top of the TV tower， we could see the mountains 　　　　　　the distance clearly.
③The majority of these historic buildings are within walking 　　　　　　（distant） of one another.
【寫美】　一句多譯
④你最好離那條狗遠點。它很危險。
→You’d better 　　　　　　　　　　　　.It’s dangerous.
→You’d better 　　　　　　　　　　　　.It’s dangerous.
profit n.收益 vt. 有益于 vi.有益；獲利
【教材原句】　The captain of the ship， the Beagle， wanted someone who would “profit by the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little known”.貝格爾號的船長想要招募這樣一名船員，這名船員將能“借此機會訪問遙遠而鮮為人知的國度并從中受益”。
【用法】
（1）profit from/by ...　　從……中獲利/受益
profit sb 使某人獲益
（2）a rise/an increase in profits 收益的上升/增長
a drop/fall in profits　　收益的跌落/下降
make a profit 賺取利潤
for profit 為了贏利
（3）profitable adj. 有利潤的；有益的
a profitable class 有收獲的一堂課
【佳句】　Two quarrel and a third profits by it.
[諺]鷸蚌相爭，漁翁得利。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The large international firms are not the only ones to profit 　　　　　　the opportunities in China.
②The company， headed by its new manager， started to make 　　　　　　　　profit after putting a new product on the market.
【寫美】　補全句子
③I hope all of you can 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我希望你們都能從我的忠告中得益。
disgrace n.丟臉，恥辱 v.丟臉；使蒙羞
【教材原句】　What’s more， he had recently received a letter from his father predicting that he would be “a disgrace to yourself and all your family”.
并且在他剛收到的家書中，父親預言他將會成為“自己和全家人的恥辱”。
【用法】
（1）be a disgrace　　　是恥辱，是丟臉的事
in disgrace 為人所不齒；失寵
（2）disgrace oneself 使某人自己丟臉/蒙羞
（3）disgraceful adj. 不光彩的；可恥的
grace n. 優雅，高雅
【佳句】　Before the competition，I was determined not to be a disgrace to myself.
比賽之前，我下定決心不給自己丟臉。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The girl disgraced 　　　　　　（she） by behaving that way at the party.
②Andrew behaved so badly on the school trip that he was sent home 　　　　　　disgrace.
【寫美】　補全句子
③In the Olympics， finishing second 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　to the athletes.
在奧運會中，得第二名對運動員來說并不丟臉。
of all time 有史以來；一直
【教材原句】　Despite all this， his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important scientific discoveries of all time.
盡管如此，他的這次乘船探險之旅將帶來有史以來最重要的一項科學發現。
【用法】
at times　　　　　　　　　有時；不時
at a time 一次，每次
at one time 曾經，一度
in no time 立刻，馬上
from time to time 時常
all the time 一直
【佳句】　As is well known，Edison was one of the greatest scientists of all time.眾所周知，愛迪生是有史以來最偉大的科學家之一。
【練透】　選用左欄短語填空
①Often working at night， the poachers shoot whole herds of antelope 　　　　　　　　leaving only the babies.
②Advocated by many well-known experts and film stars， the product was very popular 　　　　　　　　.
③He insisted that the trapped be sent to a safe place 　　　　　　　　.
in question 討論中的；考慮中的；有疑問；不確定
【教材原句】　The young man in question， Charles Darwin， was a geologist and naturalist， fascinated by rocks， plants and animals.我們提到的這個年輕人就是地質學家和博物學家查爾斯·達爾文，他對巖石和動植物有著濃厚的興趣。
【用法】
put a question to sb　向某人提出一個問題
beyond question 不容置疑
without question 毫無疑問
out of question 毫無疑問，沒有問題
out of the question 不可能；不允許；不值得討論
【佳句】　The future development of public transport is not in question.
公共交通的未來發展是不容置疑的。
【練透】　 單句語法填空
①His musical talent is 　　　　　　question， and he has achieved great success.
②I’d like to travel with you， but with so much work left unfinished， it seems out of 　　　　　　question.
【寫美】　翻譯句子
③他考試會再次不及格，這是毫無疑問的。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
be crowded with 擁塞；擠滿；充滿
【教材原句】　After Darwin had spent some time in South America， his room on the ship was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had collected.
在南美洲度過一段時間后，他的船艙里堆滿了收集到的動植物樣本。
【用法】
（1）crowd in （on sb）　　　（想法、問題等）涌上心頭；涌入腦海
crowd into one’s mind 涌入某人的腦海
crowd in/into （sth） 大批地涌入（某物）
（2）crowded adj. 擁擠的；擠滿的；充滿的
（3）a crowd of （crowds of） 一群（成群）……
【點津】　crowd是集合名詞，作主語時，若視為整體則謂語動詞用單數形式；若強調個體成員，則謂語動詞用復數形式。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①It is hard to reserve a table at this new restaurant as it is 　　　　　　（crowd） with customers every day.
②Memories crowded 　　　　　　on him when he found an old picture taken thirty years ago.
③Surrounded by 　　　　　（crowd） of citizens， the respected scientist received a warm welcome.
【寫美】　翻譯句子
④人群興奮得發狂。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
adapt to適應/適合……
【教材原句】　Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their changing environments？
也許動物為了適應不斷變化的環境會逐漸進化？
【用法】
（1）adapt oneself to　　使自己適應……
adapt ...to do ... 調整……以做……
（2）adapt ...from 根據……改編……
adapt ...for 把……改寫/改編成……
（3）adaptation n. 適應；改編；改寫本
【佳句】　Many students find it hard to adapt to the new school.
許多學生發現很難適應新學校。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①What kind of difficulty will Mary have adapting 　　　　　　the new environment？
②When you go to a new country， you must adapt 　　　　　　（you） to new customs.
【寫美】　翻譯句子
③眾所周知，電影《紅高粱》改編自莫言的同名小說。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
particular adj.特別的；詳細的；獨有的；挑剔的
【教材原句】　It seemed their beaks had evolved according to what food was available on that particular island.它們的喙似乎是根據所在島嶼上可覓得的食物進化而來的。
【用法】
（1）in particular　　　　尤其，特別
be particular about/over sth
對……講究/挑剔
（2）particularly adv. 尤其；特別；格外地，特別地，特定地
【佳句】　She loves Mark Twain’s novels in particular， which are full of humour.
她特別喜愛馬克·吐溫的小說，充滿了幽默。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①All the candidates are excellent， but I like the last one 　　　　　　particular — his experience is just what we need.
②He is very particular 　　　　　　food but he doesn’t care about money.
③The job sounds 　　　　　　（particular） interesting and I have desired to do it for quite a long time.
suspect v.猜想，懷疑，覺得 n.嫌疑犯，可疑對象
【教材原句】　Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor， which had arrived on the islands a long time before.
達爾文猜想，這里所有的雀鳥都由共同的祖先進化而來。很久以前，雀鳥的祖先來到這片群島。
【用法】
（1）suspect that ...　　懷疑……
suspect sb of （doing） sth
懷疑某人有某種罪行
suspect sb to be ... 猜想/懷疑某人是……
（2）suspected adj. 疑似的
【佳句】　I suspect that Emily was lying when she described the incident， for I know her well.我懷疑埃米莉在描述該事件時撒謊了，因為我很了解她。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①　　　　　　 （suspect） of carrying something dangerous， the traveler was stopped by the customs officer.
②He was taken to hospital after a 　　　　　（suspect） heart attack.
【寫美】　一句多譯
③我懷疑他就是那個扒手。
→I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the pickpocket.
→I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　he is the pickpocket.
evidence n. 證據；證明
【教材原句】　LOOK FOR MORE EVIDENCE 尋找更多證據
【用法】
（1）evidence＋
（2）evident adj.　　　　　　明顯的；清楚的
be evident to sb that ... 某人清楚……
It is evident that ... 顯然……
（3）evidently adv. 明顯地；顯然地
【佳句】　At present， we have no evidence of life on other planets.
目前，我們沒有其他星球上存在生命的證據。
【練通】　 單句語法填空
①There is convincing evidence 　　　　　　listening to loud music can do great harm to our hearing.
②It is 　　　　　（evidence） that the education of the youth is vital to the future of a country.
【寫美】　一句多譯
③顯然沒有證據證明他的誠實。
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （it作形式主語）
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（副詞作狀語）
Part Ⅱ　重點句型解構
句型公式： as引導時間狀語從句
【教材原句】　As he studied these，he asked himself the question：how did different species come to exist？當他研究這些樣本時，他產生了疑問：這些不同的物種是如何產生的？
【用法】
as在此引導時間狀語從句，意為“當……時候；隨著”。as作連詞時，有以下用法：
（1）意為“當……時候；一邊……一邊……；隨著”時，引導時間狀語從句。
（2）意為“按照……的方式（方法）；如同……”時，引導方式狀語從句。
（3）意為“因為；既然”時，引導原因狀語從句。
（4）意為“盡管”時，引導讓步狀語從句。
（5）引導比較狀語從句時，常用于as ... as ...結構，意為“像……一樣……”，其中第一個as是副詞，第二個as是連詞。
【品悟】　As years go by，China is getting richer and stronger.
隨著一年一年過去，中國變得越來越富強。
【點津】　
（1）當as引導讓步狀語從句時，從句使用部分倒裝，即將形容詞、副詞、名詞、動詞等放于as前面；單數可數名詞提前時應該省略冠詞；
（2）with意為“隨著”時是介詞，后接名詞或代詞等構成with短語或with復合結構。
【寫美】　微寫作
①當我接近公共汽車站時，我看見一位女士從相反的方向向我沖過來，一個小男孩跟在她后面。（情景描寫）
　　　　　　　　　　　　， I saw a lady rushing towards me from the opposite direction， a little boy following her.
②正如我姐姐為我做的那樣，我給了她一些錢，她就走了。（動作描寫）
　　　　　　　　　　　　， I gave her some money and off she went.
③他雖然是個孩子，卻知道如何幫助別人。 （人物介紹）
Child 　　　　　　　　， he knows how to help others.
④隨著時間的流逝，他滿足于簡單的生活。（人物介紹）
→　　　　　　　　， he contented himself with a simple life. （as）
→　　　　　　　　， he contented himself with a simple life. （with復合結構）
句型公式： not ...until ...直到……才……
【教材原句】　It was not published until 1859 and immediately caused a storm.
這本書直到1859年才出版，出版后立即引起轟動。
【用法】
（1）until用在肯定句中，謂語動詞通常是延續性動詞，如：stand， stay， talk， wait等，表示主句動作終止的時間。
（2）until用在否定句中，謂語動詞既可以是瞬間性動詞也可以是延續性動詞，強調主句動作開始的時間。
（3）當not until 位于句首時，句子要倒裝。
（4）not until的強調結構為“It is/was not until＋從句/表時間的詞＋that＋其他”。
【品悟】　The plane won’t take off until the snowstorm stops.
飛機要等暴風雪停了才會起飛。
【寫美】　微寫作
①直到所有的準備都做好了我們才開始工作。（活動介紹）
We 　　　　　　　　　　　　all the preparations had been made.
②直到上周，那輛失竊的自行車才被找到。（報道）
　　　　　　　　　　　　 the stolen bike was found.
③直到那時，我才真正理解我的治療師的建議。（心理描寫）
Not until then 　　　　　　　　　　my therapist’s advice.
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖語篇】
第一步
1.Why　2.What　3.two　4.answers　5.evolution
第二步
1－4　CBDA
第三步
1.The young man in question， Charles Darwin， was a geologist and naturalist， fascinated by rocks， plants and animals.
2.It was not published until 1859 and immediately caused a storm.
第四步
1.Perhaps during this period， he was doing further scientific research to find more convincing evidence for his theory and so on.
2.Brave， hard-working， devoted， patient， strict， innovative/creative， curious， imaginative， diligent， intelligent， talented， brilliant， honest， confident， modest and so on.In my opinion， hard-working spirit is the most helpful in my study， because it will not only give me continuous energy and confidence to study but also make up for my lack of wisdom.
第五步
1.時間狀語　強調
1835年，當貝格爾號抵達加拉帕戈斯群島的時候，達爾文發現了各種各樣的新物種，但是其中最令他感興趣的是鳥類。
2.賓語　非限制性定語　a common ancestor
達爾文猜想，這里所有的雀鳥都由共同的祖先進化而來。很久以前，雀鳥的祖先來到這片群島。
【核心知識·巧突破】
核心詞匯集釋
1.①from　②in　③distance　④keep your distance from the dog； keep the dog at a distance
2.①from　②a　③profit from/by my advice
3.①herself　②in　③is not a disgrace
4.①at a time　②at one time　③in no time
5.①beyond　②the　③He will fail in the examination again， which is out of question.
6.①crowded　②in　③crowds
④The crowd was going wild with excitement.
7.①to　②yourself
③It is well known that the film Red Sorghum is adapted from the novel of the same title by Mo Yan.
8.①in　②about/over　③particularly
9.①Suspected　②suspected　③suspect him to be； suspect that
10.①that　②evident
③It is evident that there is no evidence to prove his honesty.
Evidently， there is no evidence to prove his honesty.
重點句型解構
1.①As I was nearing the bus stop　②As my elder sister did for me　③as he is　④As time went by； With time going by
2.①didn’t start the work until　②It was not until last week that　③did I truly understand
1 / 12(共121張PPT)
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
1
篇章助解·釋疑難
目 錄
4
課時檢測·提能力
3
核心知識·巧突破
2
文本透析·剖語篇
篇章助解·釋疑難
力推課前預習
1
A Journey of Discovery
　　The captain of the ship，the Beagle，wanted someone [1]who
would “profit by the opportunity of visiting distant① countries yet little
known”.The person [2]who answered the call② was not the captain’s
first choice③.It was a young man who had left medical school without
completing his degree.What’s more④， he had recently received a
letter from his father [3]predicting⑤ that he would be “a disgrace⑥ to
yourself and all your family”.Despite all this， his adventures on this
ship would lead to one of the most important scientific discoveries of
all time⑦.
　　[1]who引導定語從句，修飾先行詞someone。
　　[2]who引導定語從句，修飾先行詞person。
　　[3]predicting ...為動詞-ing短語作狀語。
【讀文清障】
①distant adj.遙遠的
②answer the call響應號召
③first choice第一選擇
④what’s more此外，更重要的是
⑤predict v.預言
⑥disgrace n.丟臉，恥辱
be a disgrace是恥辱，是丟臉的事
⑦of all time有史以來；一直
　　The young man in question⑧，Charles Darwin， was a geologist
⑨ and naturalist， [4]fascinated by rocks， plants and animals.He left
England on the ship， the Beagle， in 1831.The journey gave him the
chance [5]to study various living things in their natural environments.
After Darwin had spent some time in South America， his room on the
ship was crowded with⑩ samples of the plants and animals he had
collected.[6]As he studied these， he asked himself the question：how
did different species come to exist ？
　　At that time， people believed that all species had appeared on
Earth at the same time ， and had not changed since.But Darwin
began to think differently.He noticed that some species of animals were
very similar to each other.Maybe animals evolved [7]as they
adapted to their changing environments？It was just an idea， but
enough to inspire Darwin to look for more evidence .
　　[4]動詞-ed形式短語作后置定語，修飾geologist and naturalist。
　　[5]動詞不定式短語作后置定語，修飾名詞chance。
[6][7]句中as均引導時間狀語從句，意為“當……的時候”。
⑧in question討論中的；考慮中的
⑨geologist n.地質學家
⑩be crowded with擁塞；擠滿；充滿
sample n.樣本
come to exist出現；產生
at the same time同時
be similar to與……相似
evolve v.進化
adapt to適應/適合……
evidence n.證據
　　　　When the Beagle reached the Gal pagos Islands in 1835，
Darwin saw a variety of new species， but [8]it was the birds that
interested him the most.Darwin noticed that there was a difference
between the finches on each of the islands.It seemed their beaks
had evolved according to [9]what food was available on that
particular island.
　　[8]it was ...that ...為強調句，強調主語the birds。
　　[9]what引導賓語從句，作介詞to的賓語。
a variety of種種；各種各樣的
finch n.雀科鳴禽
beak n.鳥嘴，喙
available adj.可利用的；可獲得的；可找到的；有空暇的
be available for對于……可用的
　　Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common
ancestor ，[10]which had arrived on the islands a long time
before.Over time ， it had slowly evolved into many new species.And
that was the answer to [11]how new species of plants and animals came
to exist：they evolved from earlier ancestors.
　　[10]which引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞ancestor。
　　[11]how引導賓語從句，作介詞to的賓語。
suspect v.猜想，懷疑，覺得
ancestor n.（動物的）原種，祖先
over time隨著時間的推移
　　It was a completely new idea — a theory of evolution .Darwin
explained this theory in his book， On the Origin of Species.It was not
published until 1859 and immediately caused a storm.Many people
refused to believe that living things， including humans， had
evolved from lower forms of life.They were shocked.But Darwin’s
scientific studies were [12]so convincing that more and more people
started to believe his theory.
　　Today，On the Origin of Species is regarded as one of the most
important works [13]ever written.It has changed ideas about life on
Earth forever.And it all began with the journey on the Beagle.
　　[12]so ...that引導結果狀語從句，意為“如此……以至于……”。
　　[13]動詞-ed形式作后置定語，修飾名詞works。
suspect v.猜想，懷疑，覺得
ancestor n.（動物的）原種，祖先
over time隨著時間的推移
evolution n.進化（論）
publish v.出版；發表
including prep.包含；包括
convincing adj.令人信服的；有說服力的
be regarded as被認為是
begin with開始于……
【參考譯文】
發現之旅
　　貝格爾號的船長想要招募這樣一名船員，這名船員將能“借此機
會訪問遙遠而鮮為人知的國度并從中受益”。然而來應聘的人并不是
船長心中的理想人選。這個年輕人從醫學院肄業，并且在他剛收到的
家書中，父親預言他將會成為“自己和全家人的恥辱”。盡管如此，他
的這次乘船探險之旅將帶來有史以來最重要的一項科學發現。
　　我們提到的這個年輕人就是地質學家和博物學家查爾斯·達爾
文，他對巖石和動植物有著濃厚的興趣。1831年，他搭乘貝格爾號從
英格蘭啟程。這趟旅程給了他研究自然環境中各種生物的契機。在南
美洲度過一段時間后，他的船艙里堆滿了收集到的動植物樣本。當他
研究這些樣本時，他產生了疑問：這些不同的物種是如何產生的？
　　當時，人們認為所有的物種都是同時出現在地球上的，并從此再
無變化。但達爾文開始有了不同的想法。他注意到，有些不同物種的
動物彼此間很相似。也許動物為了適應不斷變化的環境會逐漸進化？
雖然這只是一個設想，但足夠鼓舞達爾文去尋求更多證據。
　　1835年，當貝格爾號抵達加拉帕戈斯群島的時候，達爾文發現了
各種各樣的新物種，但是其中最令他感興趣的是鳥類。達爾文注意
到，在群島中的每一個小島上，雀鳥之間有所不同。它們的喙似乎是
根據所在島嶼上可覓得的食物進化而來的。
　　達爾文猜想，這里所有的雀鳥都由共同的祖先進化而來。很久以
前，雀鳥的祖先來到這片群島，隨著時間推移，慢慢進化成許多新的
種類。于是，關于動植物的新種類是如何產生的這個問題就有了答
案：它們是從早期的祖先進化而來的。
　　這是一個全新的觀點——進化論。達爾文在他的《物種起源》一
書中對此進行了解釋。這本書直到1859年才出版，出版后立即引起轟
動。很多人拒絕相信包括人在內的所有生命都是從更低級的生命形式
進化而來的。他們對此感到震驚。然而，達爾文的科學研究很有說服
力，以至于越來越多的人開始接受他的理論。
　　如今，《物種起源》被認為是迄今為止最重要的著作之一。它徹
底地改變了人類對于地球上生命的認識。而這一切都開始于貝格爾號
的探索之旅。
文本透析·剖語篇
助力語篇理解
2
第一步：析架構理清脈絡
Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
第二步：知細節明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1. According to the text， which of the following is NOT correct？
A. Charles Darwin was not the captain’s first choice.
B. Charles Darwin’s father predicted he would be a disgrace to his
family.
C. He came back to England on the Beagle in 1831.
D. The journey aroused his interest in the question how different
species came to exist.
2. What was the common belief at that time？
A. All species had appeared on Earth at different times.
B. All species had not changed since they appeared.
C. Some species of animals were the same.
D. Animals adapted to the changing environment gradually.
3. 　　　　 interested Charles Darwin most in 1835 on the island.
A. Plants B. Dogs
C. New species D. Birds
4. What can we infer from the passage？
A. Charles Darwin was not an excellent graduate from the medical
school.
B. Charles Darwin was well received by the captain.
C. All his achievements began with the journey on the Beagle.
D. Charles Darwin explained his theory immediately he came back.
第三步：品語言妙筆生輝
1. Read the second paragraph carefully and find the sentence which
can be used to introduce a person.


2. Read the sixth paragraph carefully and find the sentence which is
used to describe the reaction that something causes.


　The young man in question， Charles Darwin， was a geologist
and naturalist， fascinated by rocks， plants and animals.　
　It was not published until 1859 and immediately caused a
storm.　
第四步：拓思維品質提升
Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1. Why didn’t Darwin publish his theory of evolution until 1859？



　Perhaps during this period， he was doing further scientific
research to find more convincing evidence for his theory and so
on.　
2. What characteristics can we learn from Darwin？ Which one of
them do you think will be the most helpful in your life and study？






　Brave， hard-working， devoted， patient， strict，
innovative/creative， curious， imaginative， diligent，
intelligent， talented， brilliant， honest， confident， modest and
so on.In my opinion， hard-working spirit is the most helpful in my
study， because it will not only give me continuous energy and
confidence to study but also make up for my lack of wisdom.　
第五步：析難句表達升級
1. When the Beagle reached the Gal pagos Islands in 1835，
Darwin saw a variety of new species， but it was the birds that
interested him the most.
句式分析 本句為并列復合句，but前的分句為復合句，When the
Beagle reached the Gal pagos Islands in 1835為When引導的
從句；but后的分句是 句。
自主翻譯


時
間狀語　
強調　
1835年，當貝格爾號抵達加拉帕戈斯群島的時候，
達爾文發現了各種各樣的新物種，但是其中最令他感興趣的是
鳥類。　
2. Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common
ancestor， which had arrived on the islands a long time before.
句式分析 本句為復合句， that the finches had evolved from a
common ancestor為that引導的 從句，which had arrived
on the islands a long time before為which引導的
從句，修飾先行詞 。
自主翻譯

賓語　
非限制性定語　
a common ancestor　
達爾文猜想，這里所有的雀鳥都由共同的祖先進化而
來。很久以前，雀鳥的祖先來到這片群島。　
核心知識·巧突破
探究課堂重點
3
Part Ⅰ　核心詞匯集釋
distant adj.遙遠的；遠處的；遠親的
【教材原句】　The captain of the ship， the Beagle， wanted
someone who would “profit by the opportunity of visiting distant
countries yet little known”.
貝格爾號的船長想要招募這樣一名船員，這名船員將能“借此機會訪
問遙遠而鮮為人知的國度并從中受益”。
（1）a distant cousin/aunt/relative　　　　　遠房堂兄弟/姑母/親戚
（2）distance n.　　距離；遠方
in the distance　　在遠處
at a distance （of）　　在……遠的地方；距離稍遠
keep sb at a distance對某人冷淡；與某人疏遠；與某人保持一定距
離
keep one’s distance from　　與……保持距離
【用法】
【佳句】　The time we spent together is a distant memory now.
我們在一起度過的時光現在已經成為遙遠的回憶。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Small and distant the cities though my hometown is，
there is always something different to catch your eye.
②Standing at the top of the TV tower， we could see the
mountains the distance clearly.
③The majority of these historic buildings are within
walking （distant） of one another.
from　
in　
distance　
【寫美】　一句多譯
④你最好離那條狗遠點。它很危險。
→You’d better .It’s dangerous.
→You’d better .It’s dangerous.
keep your distance from the dog　
keep the dog at a distance　
profit n.收益 vt. 有益于 vi.有益；獲利
【教材原句】　The captain of the ship， the Beagle， wanted
someone who would “profit by the opportunity of visiting distant
countries yet little known”.
貝格爾號的船長想要招募這樣一名船員，這名船員將能“借此機會訪
問遙遠而鮮為人知的國度并從中受益”。
（1）profit from/by ...　　從……中獲利/受益
profit sb　　使某人獲益
（2）a rise/an increase in profits　　收益的上升/增長
a drop/fall in profits　　收益的跌落/下降
make a profit　　賺取利潤
for profit　　為了贏利
（3）profitable adj.　　有利潤的；有益的
a profitable class　　有收獲的一堂課
【用法】
【佳句】　Two quarrel and a third profits by it.
[諺]鷸蚌相爭，漁翁得利。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The large international firms are not the only ones to
profit the opportunities in China.
②The company， headed by its new manager， started to
make profit after putting a new product on the market.
【寫美】　補全句子
③I hope all of you can .
我希望你們都能從我的忠告中得益。
from　
a　
profit from/by my advice　
disgrace n.丟臉，恥辱 v.丟臉；使蒙羞
【教材原句】　What’s more， he had recently received a letter from
his father predicting that he would be “a disgrace to yourself and all
your family”.并且在他剛收到的家書中，父親預言他將會成為“自己
和全家人的恥辱”。
（1）be a disgrace　　　是恥辱，是丟臉的事
in disgrace　　為人所不齒；失寵
（2）disgrace oneself　　使某人自己丟臉/蒙羞
（3）disgraceful adj.　　不光彩的；可恥的
grace n.　　優雅，高雅
【用法】
【佳句】　Before the competition，I was determined not to be a
disgrace to myself.
比賽之前，我下定決心不給自己丟臉。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The girl disgraced （she） by behaving that way at the
party.
②Andrew behaved so badly on the school trip that he was sent
home disgrace.
herself　
in　
【寫美】　補全句子
③In the Olympics， finishing second to the
athletes.
在奧運會中，得第二名對運動員來說并不丟臉。
is not a disgrace　
of all time 有史以來；一直
【教材原句】　Despite all this， his adventures on this ship
would lead to one of the most important scientific discoveries
of all time.盡管如此，他的這次乘船探險之旅將帶來有史以來最
重要的一項科學發現。
at times　　　　　　　　　有時；不時
at a time　　一次，每次
at one time　　曾經，一度
in no time　　立刻，馬上
from time to time　　時常
all the time　　一直
【用法】
【佳句】　As is well known，Edison was one of the greatest scientists
of all time.
眾所周知，愛迪生是有史以來最偉大的科學家之一。
【練透】　選用上面短語填空
①Often working at night， the poachers shoot whole herds of
antelope leaving only the babies.
②Advocated by many well-known experts and film stars， the
product was very popular .
③He insisted that the trapped be sent to a safe place .
at a time　
at one time　
in no time　
in question 討論中的；考慮中的；有疑問；不確定
【教材原句】　The young man in question， Charles Darwin， was a
geologist and naturalist， fascinated by rocks， plants and animals.我
們提到的這個年輕人就是地質學家和博物學家查爾斯·達爾文，他對
巖石和動植物有著濃厚的興趣。
put a question to sb　向某人提出一個問題
beyond question　　不容置疑
without question　　毫無疑問
out of question　　毫無疑問，沒有問題
out of the question　　不可能；不允許；不值得討論
【用法】
【佳句】　The future development of public transport is not in
question.
公共交通的未來發展是不容置疑的。
【練透】　 單句語法填空
①His musical talent is question， and he has achieved
great success.
②I’d like to travel with you， but with so much work left
unfinished， it seems out of question.
beyond　
the　
【寫美】　翻譯句子
③他考試會再次不及格，這是毫無疑問的。

He will fail in the examination again， which is out of question.　
be crowded with 擁塞；擠滿；充滿
【教材原句】　After Darwin had spent some time in South
America， his room on the ship was crowded with samples of the
plants and animals he had collected.
在南美洲度過一段時間后，他的船艙里堆滿了收集到的動植物樣本。
（1）crowd in （on sb）　　　（想法、問題等）涌上心頭；涌入腦
海
crowd into one’s mind　　涌入某人的腦海
crowd in/into （sth）　　大批地涌入（某物）
（2）crowded adj.擁擠的；擠滿的；充滿的
（3）a crowd of （crowds of）　　一群（成群）……
【用法】
【點津】　crowd是集合名詞，作主語時，若視為整體則謂語動詞用
單數形式；若強調個體成員，則謂語動詞用復數形式。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①It is hard to reserve a table at this new restaurant as it
is （crowd） with customers every day.
②Memories crowded on him when he found an old picture
taken thirty years ago.
③Surrounded by （crowd） of citizens， the respected
scientist received a warm welcome.
crowded　
in　
crowds　
【寫美】　翻譯句子
④人群興奮得發狂。

The crowd was going wild with excitement.　
adapt to適應/適合……
【教材原句】　Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their
changing environments？
也許動物為了適應不斷變化的環境會逐漸進化？
【用法】
（1）adapt oneself to　　使自己適應……
adapt ...to do ...　　調整……以做……
（2）adapt ...from　　根據……改編……
adapt ...for 把……改寫/改編成……
（3）adaptation n.　　適應；改編；改寫本
【佳句】　Many students find it hard to adapt to the new school.
許多學生發現很難適應新學校。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①What kind of difficulty will Mary have adapting the new
environment？
②When you go to a new country， you must adapt
（you） to new customs.
to　
yourself　
【寫美】　翻譯句子
③眾所周知，電影《紅高粱》改編自莫言的同名小說。


　It is well known that the film Red Sorghum is adapted from the novel
of the same title by Mo Yan.　
particular adj.特別的；詳細的；獨有的；挑剔的
【教材原句】　It seemed their beaks had evolved according to what
food was available on that particular island.
它們的喙似乎是根據所在島嶼上可覓得的食物進化而來的。
【用法】
（1）in particular　　　　尤其，特別
be particular about/over sth 對……講究/挑剔
（2）particularly adv.　　尤其；特別；格外地，特別地，特定地
【佳句】　She loves Mark Twain’s novels in particular， which are
full of humour.
她特別喜愛馬克·吐溫的小說，充滿了幽默。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①All the candidates are excellent， but I like the last one
particular — his experience is just what we need.
②He is very particular food but he doesn’t care about
money.
③The job sounds （particular） interesting and I
have desired to do it for quite a long time.
in　
about/over　
particularly　
suspect v.猜想，懷疑，覺得 n.嫌疑犯，可疑對象
【教材原句】　Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a
common ancestor， which had arrived on the islands a long time
before.
達爾文猜想，這里所有的雀鳥都由共同的祖先進化而來。很久以前，
雀鳥的祖先來到這片群島。
（1）suspect that ...　　懷疑……
suspect sb of （doing） sth
　　懷疑某人有某種罪行
suspect sb to be ...　　猜想/懷疑某人是……
（2）suspected adj.　　疑似的
【用法】
【佳句】　I suspect that Emily was lying when she described the
incident， for I know her well.我懷疑埃米莉在描述該事件時撒謊了，
因為我很了解她。
【練透】　單句語法填空
① （suspect） of carrying something dangerous， the
traveler was stopped by the customs officer.
②He was taken to hospital after a （suspect） heart
attack.
Suspected　
suspected　
【寫美】　一句多譯
③我懷疑他就是那個扒手。
→I the pickpocket.
→I he is the pickpocket.
suspect him to be　
suspect that　
evidence n. 證據；證明
【教材原句】　LOOK FOR MORE EVIDENCE 尋找更多證據
【用法】
【佳句】　At present， we have no evidence of life on other planets.
目前，我們沒有其他星球上存在生命的證據。
【練通】　 單句語法填空
①There is convincing evidence listening to loud music can do
great harm to our hearing.
②It is （evidence） that the education of the youth is
vital to the future of a country.
that　
evident　
【寫美】　一句多譯
③顯然沒有證據證明他的誠實。
→ （it
作形式主語）
→ （副詞作
狀語）
It is evident that there is no evidence to prove his honesty.　
Evidently， there is no evidence to prove his honesty.　
Part Ⅱ　重點句型解構
句型公式： as引導時間狀語從句
【教材原句】　As he studied these，he asked himself the question：
how did different species come to exist？
當他研究這些樣本時，他產生了疑問：這些不同的物種是如何產
生的？
as在此引導時間狀語從句，意為“當……時候；隨著”。as作連詞
時，有以下用法：
（1）意為“當……時候；一邊……一邊……；隨著”時，引導時間狀
語從句。
（2）意為“按照……的方式（方法）；如同……”時，引導方式狀語
從句。
（3）意為“因為；既然”時，引導原因狀語從句。
（4）意為“盡管”時，引導讓步狀語從句。
（5）引導比較狀語從句時，常用于as ... as ...結構，意為“像……一
樣……”，其中第一個as是副詞，第二個as是連詞。
【用法】
【品悟】　As years go by，China is getting richer and stronger.隨著
一年一年過去，中國變得越來越富強。
【點津】　
（1）當as引導讓步狀語從句時，從句使用部分倒裝，即將形容詞、
副詞、名詞、動詞等放于as前面；單數可數名詞提前時應該省
略冠詞；
（2）with意為“隨著”時是介詞，后接名詞或代詞等構成with短語或
with復合結構。
【寫美】　微寫作
①當我接近公共汽車站時，我看見一位女士從相反的方向向我沖過
來，一個小男孩跟在她后面。（情景描寫）
， I saw a lady rushing towards me
from the opposite direction， a little boy following her.
②正如我姐姐為我做的那樣，我給了她一些錢，她就走了。（動
作描寫）
， I gave her some money and off she
went.
As I was nearing the bus stop　
As my elder sister did for me　
③他雖然是個孩子，卻知道如何幫助別人。 （人物介紹）
Child ， he knows how to help others.
④隨著時間的流逝，他滿足于簡單的生活。（人物介紹）
→ ， he contented himself with a simple life.
（as）
→ ， he contented himself with a simple life.
（with復合結構）
as he is　
As time went by　
With time going by　
句型公式： not ...until ...直到……才……
【教材原句】　It was not published until 1859 and immediately
caused a storm.
這本書直到1859年才出版，出版后立即引起轟動。
（1）until用在肯定句中，謂語動詞通常是延續性動詞，如：
stand， stay， talk， wait等，表示主句動作終止的時間。
（2）until用在否定句中，謂語動詞既可以是瞬間性動詞也可以是延
續性動詞，強調主句動作開始的時間。
（3）當not until 位于句首時，句子要倒裝。
（4）not until的強調結構為“It is/was not until＋從句/表時間的詞＋
that＋其他”。
【用法】
【品悟】　The plane won’t take off until the snowstorm stops.飛機要
等暴風雪停了才會起飛。
【寫美】　微寫作
①直到所有的準備都做好了我們才開始工作。（活動介紹）
We all the preparations had been
made.
②直到上周，那輛失竊的自行車才被找到。（報道）
the stolen bike was found.
③直到那時，我才真正理解我的治療師的建議。（心理描寫）
Not until then my therapist’s advice.
didn’t start the work until　
It was not until last week that　
did I truly understand　
課時檢測·提能力
培育學科素養
4
維度一：品句填詞
1. On a （遙遠的） mountain was a sign —“Build the
Three Gorges Dam， Exploit the Yangtze River”.
2. Stone tools that were unearthed there indicate the early cultural
capabilities of our human （祖先）.
3. They enjoyed fresh watermelon last summer because they had
planted watermelon （種子） in the spring.
distant　
ancestors　
seeds　
4. The judge was convinced of the proof that linked the
（嫌疑犯） with the crime.
5. It is （預測） that the weather is bound to get better
tomorrow.
6. There is growing e that staying up late at night has a
serious impact on people’s health.
7. Professor Smith is very kind.You can turn to him for help as long as
he is a .
8. The scientist collected some insects and plants as s in the
mountain for his study.
suspect　
predicted　
vidence　
vailable　
amples　
維度二：詞形轉換
1. The fact is that most people didn’t believe his theory
of （evolve）.
2. It is widely believed that the public transport is a
（grace） in India， making native people unsatisfied.
3. His grandfather works as a （geology）， who always
deals with rocks and soils in the open air.
4. The three （generate） are all fond of the old
singer.
evolution　
disgrace　
geologist　
generations　
5. Regardless of the weather and the （distant），
Professor Li will make sure students attend his class on time.
6. Darwin’s （science） studies were so convincing that
more and more people started to believe his theory.
7. It is （benefit） to some people， while it puts others
into a dilemma over whether to vote or not.
8. I had been betrayed by those who I trusted several times， resulting
in a （suspect） attitude towards everything and
everyone.
distance　
scientific　
beneficial　
suspicious　
維度三：固定搭配和句式
1. No one knows when such a custom first （產生）.
2. Nowadays， cycling， along with jogging and swimming，
（被看作） one of the best all-round forms of
exercise.
3. To my amazement， his opinion （與……相似）
mine in many aspects.
4. One popular test asks the participants to grade their preferences
for （各種各樣的） work tasks.
came to exist　
is
regarded as　
is similar to　
a variety of　
5. This was also the height of the tourist season， and the
streets （擠滿） tourists from around the
world.
6. In my opinion， （人們似
乎震驚了）.
7. （隨著暑假的臨近）， I
will be free for almost three months.
8. They （直到老
板回來才離開辦公室）.
were crowded with　
it seemed that people were shocked　
As the summer break is approaching　
didn’t leave the office until their boss came back　
維度四：課文語法填空
　　The captain of the ship named the Beagle wanted someone to
profit by 1. （visit） distant countries.Luckily， Darwin
got the opportunity，2. he was not the captain’s
first choice.Darwin was a geologist and naturalist，3.
（fascinate） by rocks， plants and animals.The journey gave him the
chance 4. （study） various living things in their natural
environments.After Darwin
visiting　
although/though　
fascinated　
to study　
5. （spend） some time in South America， his room was
crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had collected.He
began to consider the question 6. different species came to
exist.He noticed that some species of animals were very similar
7. each other.Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their
had spent　
how　
to　
8. （change） environments？ Darwin decided to find out
the truth.In 1835， Darwin saw a variety of new species， but it was
the birds that interested him the most.After much research， he came
to the 9. （conclude） that new species evolved from
earlier ancestors.Darwin explained this theory in his book， On the
Origin of Species， which 10. （regard） as one of the
most important works ever written.It has changed ideas about life on
Earth forever.And it all began with the journey on the Beagle.
changing　
conclusion　
is regarded　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　（2023·新課標Ⅰ卷）When John Todd was a child， he loved to
explore the woods around his house， observing how nature solved
problems. A dirty stream， for example， often became clear after
flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.
When he got older， John started to wonder if this process could be
used to clean up the messes people were making.
　　After studying agriculture， medicine， and fisheries in college，
John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can
certain plants trap harmful bacteria （細菌）？ Which kinds of fish
can eat cancer-causing chemicals？ With the right combination of
animals and plants， he figured， maybe he could clean up waste the
way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-
machine.
　　The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances
from some sludge （污泥）. First， he constructed a series of clear
fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local
ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He
placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little， these different
kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem.
After a few weeks， John added the sludge.
　　He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-
machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it！ Within weeks，
it had all been digested， and all that was left was pure water.
　　Over the years， John has taken on many big jobs. He developed
a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage （污水） from 1，600
homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean
canal water in Fuzhou， a city in southeast China.
　　“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does.“Life
on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor，” he
says.“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s
happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to
self-repair.”
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。John Todd從小就喜歡觀察大自然，
并被自然的自我修復能力折服。大學時期經過專業的學習之后，
John通過實驗設計了生態機器，并解決了很多實際的污水凈化問
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。John Todd從小就喜歡觀察大自然，
并被自然的自我修復能力折服。大學時期經過專業的學習之后，
John通過實驗設計了生態機器，并解決了很多實際的污水凈化問題。
1. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs？
A. He was fond of traveling.
B. He enjoyed being alone.
C. He had an inquiring mind.
D. He longed to be a doctor.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第一段中的observing how nature
solved problems和When he got older， John started to wonder if
this process could be used to clean up the messes people were
making.和第二段中的John went back to observing nature and
asking questions以及第二段中的兩個問題可以看出，John是一個具
有探究精神的人。
2. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks？
A. To feed the animals.
B. To build an ecosystem.
C. To protect the plants.
D. To test the eco-machine.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第三段中的The task John set for
himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge （污
泥） ...placed them in the tanks可知，John修建水箱是為了清理污
泥中的有害物質，為此，他在水箱里放了一些動植物。第四段中的
all that was left was pure water表明了將污泥放入水箱之后的變
化。據此可以推斷，John在水箱里放入污泥是為了測試他的生態機
器的效果。
3. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou？
A. To review John’s research plans.
B. To show an application of John’s idea.
C. To compare John’s different jobs.
D. To erase doubts about John’s invention.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第五段中的Over the years， John has
taken on many big jobs.可知，多年來，John做了很多大型工作。
下文提到凈化福州的運河水是為了舉例說明John的發明及其理念在
實踐中的應用。
4. What is the basis for John’s work？
A. Nature can repair itself.
B. Organisms need water to survive.
C. Life on Earth is diverse.
D. Most tiny creatures live in groups.
解析：　推理判斷題。本文主要圍繞John的疑問展開，即一條骯
臟的溪流在穿過植物和流過微生物居住的巖石后，往往會變得清
澈，這個過程是否可以用來清理人們制造的臟亂呢？正是在這個疑
問的指引下，John發明了“生態設計”，因此，John發明的根源就
在于自然的自我修復能力，且最后一段最后一句也表明了John的工
作基于“自然可以進行自我修復”這一理念。
B
　　Stephen Warren， study leader at the University of
Washington — has been on the case of the green icebergs for more
than 30 years.He first took samples from one of these green hunks of
ice in 1988， near the Amery Ice Shelf， East Antarctic.Most glacial
ice occurs in shades of white to brilliant blue.The bluer the ice， the
older it is.Typically， compression （壓縮） from accumulating layers
of snow pushes air bubbles out of the ice， reducing the scattering of
white light.The compressed ice absorbs most of the light except for
blue — creating the blue color seen in the hearts of icebergs and
glaciers.
　　The green ice was similarly bubble-free， and yet it looked green
instead of blue.Warren and his team soon found that the green ice
came not from glaciers， but from marine ice.That’s the ice from the
undersides of floating ice shelves.
　　At first， the team thought that organic material in the marine
ice was causing the green color.But further research showed that the
green marine ice didn’t have a higher-than-usual amount of organic
impurities.Now， a new study finds that a different sort of impurity
may be the root cause of the green ice.Warren and his colleagues
report that the marine ice at the bottom of the Amery Ice Shell has 500
times more iron than the glacial ice above.
　　This iron comes from the rocks under the Antarctic Ice Sheet，
which are turned into fine powder as glaciers move over them.The
icebound iron oxidizes （氧化） as it contacts seawater.The resulting
iron oxide particles take on a green color when light scatters through
them.When icebergs break off the larger ice shelf， they carry this
iron-rich ice with them.It’s like taking a package to the post office.The
iceberg can deliver this iron into the ocean far away， and then melt
and deliver it to other living things that can use it as a nutrient.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了華盛頓大學的
Stephen Warren帶領自己的團隊揭開了綠色冰山的形成之謎。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了華盛頓大學的
Stephen Warren帶領自己的團隊揭開了綠色冰山的形成之謎。
5. What’s special about the iceberg found by Warren？
A. The iceberg was old.
B. The iceberg absorbed blue light.
C. The iceberg’s heart was pure white.
D. The iceberg was bubble-free and green.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第二段第一句可知，Warren發現的冰
山沒有氣泡且呈綠色。
6. What’s the actual reason for the green color of some Antarctic
icebergs？
A. Iron dust from marine ice.
B. Impurities of marine ice.
C. Reflection of green plants.
D. Compression from layers of snow.
解析：　細節理解題。根據最后一段中的This iron comes
from ...light scatters through them.可知，海冰中的鐵塵是一些冰山
呈綠色的真正原因。
7. What’s the function of the iron mentioned in the last paragraph？
A. Deliver the package.
B. Oxidize the seawater.
C. Bring marine life nutrients.
D. Break off the large ice shelf.
解析：　細節理解題。根據最后一段中的The iceberg can
deliver ...as a nutrient.可知，冰山中的鐵最終會被輸送給其他生
物，當作它們的營養物質。
8. What is the text mainly about？
A. A study about Antarctic.
B. The colors of icebergs.
C. The movement of icebergs.
D. The mystery of green icebergs.
解析：　主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文圍繞Stephen Warren
帶領自己的團隊揭開了綠色冰山的形成之謎展開。
C
　　On a mid-September day， scientists Chris Rimmer and Bill
DeLuca drive to the top of the highest mountain in Vermont.They
lower themselves down a steep rocky path and hike through a forest
until they find a good spot.Then they hang nets from ski racing poles，
hoping to catch some blackpoll warblers （黑頂白頰林鶯） to
measure， tag， and release them in Mount Mansfield.It is in an open
space in the woods that the nets are set.
　　The blackpoll warbler is a fist-size bird with an unusually high-
pitched song.The male has white cheeks and a black mark on its head
like a hat； the female is mostly gray with darker cheeks and no
distinguishing marks.But what makes the bird special is the
remarkable way it flies south for the winter.In the fall， millions of
these birds fly from their mountaintop homes in Canada， Alaska and
New England to the northeast coast of the United States to prepare for
a dangerous journey.For weeks， they fill their bellies with spiders
and beetles until their bodies can hold no more.And one fall day，
when the sky is clear and the wind is calm， they begin to fly.
They fly east to catch the tailwinds， then fly south.Some blackpolls
can fly for three days without stopping.
　　Sadly， the number of blackpolls is dropping so fast that they are
in danger now.Thus， tracking their migration helps figure out the
reason.DeLuca and Rimmer work until dark placing nets and then
sleep on the floor of a nearby hut.They return before sunrise and find
dozens of blackpolls in the nets.
　　Rimmer holds a blackpoll and ties a tiny aluminum band around
its leg.Each band has a nine-digit number for tracking.They need to
understand what’s hurting them to protect them.When Rimmer opens
his hand， the songbird flies farther up the mountain and lands on a
branch， facing south.This blackpoll’s long journey will begin soon.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。科學家在瀕危的黑頂白頰林鶯的腿
上纏上一根帶有編號的鋁帶，以便追蹤它們并找到它們數量減少的
原因，進而更好地保護它們。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。科學家在瀕危的黑頂白頰林鶯的腿
上纏上一根帶有編號的鋁帶，以便追蹤它們并找到它們數量減少的
原因，進而更好地保護它們。
9. Where do the scientists set nets according to Paragraph 1？
A. At the foot of the mountain.
B. On a rocky road.
C. In a clearing space.
D. Around the tree branches.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第一段中的It is in an open space in
the woods that the nets are set.可知，科學家們在林間空地設網。
10. What can we know about the blackpoll warblers from the
passage？
A. They are small birds with soft sounds.
B. The colour of the blackpolls is totally black.
C. They travel to the northeast coast of the US for the winter.
D. They fly east with the winds before heading south.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第二段中的The blackpoll warbler is
a fist-size bird ... darker cheeks and no distinguishing marks. 可
知，A、B選項不正確；根據第二段中的In the fall， millions of
these birds ... to prepare for a dangerous journey.可知，C選項不正
確。根據第二段中的They fly east to catch the tailwinds， then fly
south.可知，D選項正確。
11. Why are blackpolls tagged with a small metal band？
A. To figure out how they become endangered.
B. To warn people not to hurt them.
C. To remind them to return on time.
D. To help them to find the direction.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第三段中的the number of
blackpolls ... helps figure out the reason以及最后一段中的
Rimmer holds a blackpoll ... hurting them可知，在黑頂白頰
林鶯腿上纏上一根帶有編號的鋁帶是為了追蹤它們并找到它們
數量減少的原因。
12. What’s the text mainly about？
A. A long migration of blackpolls.
B. An outdoor birdwatching activity.
C. An attempt to investigate an endangered bird.
D. The achievements of two scientists.
解析：　主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章主要講述了黑頂白
頰林鶯的數量驟降，為了找到其中的原因進而更好地保護它們，
科學家在其腿上纏上一根帶有編號的鋁帶以便對其進行追蹤。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　A flower festival is an event during which many types of flowers
are shown to the public.In some cases， a flower festival may be a
small event attended by local people who grow plants as a
hobby. 　13　 They may attract large numbers of flower growers，
flower sellers and tourists.
　　Usually， a flower festival takes place at a time of year when
many types of flowers are fully open. 　14　 In this case， the
organizers must make sure that the event is scheduled during the right
time of year for that type.
　　Some festivals are arranged to encourage flower growers to grow
certain types of plants.People are invited to show their flowers at the
festival. 　15　 Prizes are given to those who grow the largest， most
colorful or hardiest （最耐寒的） plants.
　　Besides competing for prizes， many flower growers show their
plants in flower shows for business purposes.Some people use these
events to win contracts with companies that buy large numbers of
flowers.Some take the chance to market flowers to customers. 　16　
They put their newly created plants on show at these festivals.
　　 　17　 Local restaurants provide meals and drinks for
attendees.Musicians and other entertainers （演藝人員） are
sometimes hired to provide attendees with pleasure.Nearby hotels and
shops are full of people.They all can make a lot of money from the
event.
A. There will be competitions.
B. These flowers can be very expensive.
C. Other festivals are big international events.
D. Some festivals focus on a certain type of plant.
E. Some growers have created new types of flowers.
F. Usually， some flower festivals are held in the big parks.
G. Flower festivals can also encourage local economic development.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了花卉節的活動方式
及活動意義。
13. C　根據上文In some cases ...plants as a hobby.可知，花卉節可能
是一個由當地人參加的小型活動。根據空后一句可知，此處說的是另
一些節日或活動。C項承上啟下，符合語境。
14. D　根據空后一句可知，空處應該提到某個物種。D項符合語境，
D項中的a certain type of plant與下文for that type呼應。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了花卉節的活動方式
及活動意義。
15. A　根據上下文可知，此處指節日期間會組織比賽。A項符合
語境。
16. E　根據下文They put their newly created plants on show at these
festivals.可知，E項與下文意思一致，E項中的new types of flowers與
下文their newly created plants呼應，符合語境。
17. G　根據下文可知，這項活動能夠帶動當地的經濟發展。G項符合
語境。
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