資源簡介

Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
維度一：品句填詞
1.Firm more soil over the 　　　　　　（根） and water thoroughly.
2.A 　　　　　　（神話） is an account of the deeds of supernatural beings， usually expressed in terms of primary thought.
3.There are many wonderful 　　　　　　（傳說） about this famous hero.
4.Sharks in the sea vary in size from just 20 　　　　　　　　　（厘米） to 14 metres.
5.Asia and Europe， being two different areas， are 　　　　　　（連接） together by mountains and rivers.
6.The monster often gets angry and will 　　　　　　　　　（攻擊） anyone who goes close to it.
7.It is tough to climb Mount Everest.You can never imagine what difficulty you have 　　　　　　　　　（呼吸） there.
8.Last year， the most-read children’s books at least in UK were almost all f　　　　　　 novels.
9.Some former hostages contradicted the official v　　　　　　 of events.
10.Dogs can d　　　　　　 sounds beyond humans’ hearing limit.
維度二：詞形轉換
1.Therefore， I wonder if you are interested to go with us， during which we can have a feast of 　　　　　　（amaze） Chinese culture.
2.　　　　　　　 （surprise）， Sadie dialed the emergency number 911 and saved his mother’s life.
3.Trees need water to grow； 　　　　　　　（similar）， friendship needs our sincerity to develop.
4.Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running， research shows， while most likely contributing to fewer 　　　　　　（injure）.
5.It is our 　　　　　　（believe） that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger， more prosperous economy.
6.At the sight of his 　　　　　　（appear） on the stage， the hall rang with thunderous applause.
7.Secondly， you’d better make more friends through face-to-face 　　　　　　（communicate）.
8.My friends were green with envy when I gave a talent show at our school’s 　　　　　　（culture） art festival.
9.Early 　　　　　　（detect） of cancers can greatly increase the chances of cure even if you don’t have any symptoms yet.
10.We were about to head for the next tourist 　　　　　　（attract） when it began to rain.
維度三：固定搭配和句式
1.　　　　　　　　　　　　 （隨著時間的流逝）， I gradually adapted myself to the school life.
2.　　　　　　　　　　　 （據報道） areas of children’s brains can grow when they learn music or a language.
3.We got up early 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（以便我們能趕上第一班公共汽車）.
4.The basic design of the car 　　　　　　　　　（非常類似） that of earlier models.
5.The best way to learn a foreign language is to 　　　　　　　　（與……交流） the people who speak it.
6.The teacher didn’t know who 　　　　　　　　（批評） because it happened when she was not in the classroom.
7.As long as online payment is safe， people will be more likely to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（把他們的銀行卡和……綁定） WeChat.
8.The hanging bags are used to 　　　　　　　　（驅趕） harmful pests.
9.　　　　　　　　 （最后）， we all decided to organize a concert for Easter.
10.We’re trying to raise awareness about the environment in general and air pollution 　　　　　　　　（尤其）.
維度四：課文語法填空
　　Modern research is showing that plants can communicate 1.　　　　　　 each other.
　　It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other.The plant releases chemicals from the leaves that 2.　　　　　　　　 （eat）.This is like a warning， or a call for help：“I’m being attacked！” When another plant detects the chemicals， it starts to release its own， different chemicals.Some of these chemicals drive insects 3.　　　　　　.
　　More 4.　　　　　　 （surprise）， plants also use sound to communicate.Some plants make noises with their roots.A chilli plant can tell 5.　　　　　　 a neighbouring plant is helpful， or unfriendly.Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water， 6.　　 　　　 （indicate） drought is arriving.
　　Most surprisingly of all， plants have an amazing system of 7.　　　　　　 （communicate） that can link nearly every plant in a forest.Scientists call this system the “wood wide web”.This fungal network 8.　　　　　　 （link） the roots of different plants to each other.9.　　　　　　 （use） the wood wide web， plants can share information and even food with each other.Plants can steal food 10.　　　　　　 each other， or spread poisons to attack other plants.
　　Maybe one day we will be able to “talk” with plants ourselves.
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　Plant biologists have found a way that may enable poor farmers to do away with the need to purchase expensive hybrid seeds every year.Researchers at the University of California report that they have solved a long-standing problem of hybrid seeds by making exact clones of the hybrid plants from seeds.
　　For long， many crops have been grown from high-yielding， anti-disease or climate-tolerant hybrid seeds.But the seeds of hybrid crops do not produce plants with the same qualities during reproduction and hence farmers cannot save the seeds for the next growing season.They end up paying for new hybrid seeds each sowing season.The discovery， long sought by plant researchers， could make it easier to grow desirable high-yielding crops and make them available to the world’s farmers.Farmers could thus replant seeds from their own hybrid plants and enjoy the benefits of high production year after year， the scientists report.
　　While the discovery would help farmers， it would also impact the commercial interest of the hybrid seed industry.Siddiq， a former Deputy Director General in the Crop Science Division of the ICAR， said at first sight， this might seem like a setback for hybrid seed companies but there would be plenty of things they can still do.“Rice is grown over such a vast climatic and geographical range that specialized hybrids would have to be developed for each region，” he said.“The companies would continue to improve their hybrids.It will be interesting to see how all this plays out in the years to come.”
　　Currently， the high costs of producing hybrid seeds are a major barrier to farmers in developing countries， especially South Asia and Africa.Siddiq said if efficiently used， this method could potentially be a game-changer for poor farmers， who would need to purchase hybrid seeds just once and plant the progeny （后代） seeds from their own harvest in the following seasons.
1.What problem do the researchers aim to solve？
A.Farmers’ income.
B.Farmers’ costs.
C.Hybrid seeds’ cloning.
D.Hybrid seeds’ climate tolerance.
2.What is the disadvantage of the present hybrid seeds？
A.They have a pretty long growth cycle.
B.They tend to be affected by various diseases.
C.They have stricter requirements for sowing time.
D.They fail to reproduce plants with the same quality.
3.What’s Siddiq’s attitude to the commercial interests of the hybrid seed industry？
A.Hopeful. B.Concerned.
C.Doubtful. D.Anxious.
4.What is the main idea of the text？
A.The future of the hybrid seed industry.
B.The drawback of cloning hybrid seeds.
C.A method of cloning hybrid plants from their seeds.
D.A means of promoting the specialized hybrid seeds.
B
　　The crops we produce in the UK and around the world could change with climate.The weather is an important part in farming and changes in temperature will strongly affect crop growth.
　　For the UK， temperature rises are likely to mean the crops normally growing in the south of the country will be able to be grown further north.The UN believes there will be a shift northwards of between 200 and 300 kilometers for every degree of warming.This would be similar to the south of England in 2060， having the kind of weather the Loire Valley， in France， experiences now.
　　Due to an increase in drought and heat waves， the types of crops grown in the UK will have to change， which doesn’t have to be a bad thing for us.Products which haven’t been farmed over here before， such as sweet corn， sunflowers， and maize （玉米） for cereals， could all provide new business for farmers — certainly in the southeast.
　　However， if farming practices do change in this country， procedures will have to be put in place beforehand as introducing something new of farmland involves a lot of preparation.Also， irrigation systems may need to be improved so rain from the winter can be stored for the summer as it is hotter.
　　Researchers find that pests， such as aphids， are starting to hatch （孵化） earlier in the year.In the last 10－15 years they’ve arrived in springtime and the population of aphids appears to be growing too.
　　Aphids are a real problem as they can cause so much damage to crops， and if they’re arriving earlier in the year especially when the crops are fragile， they can cause more damage than they used to.
5.Where does the author probably come from？
A.The UK.　　　　　　B.The US.
C.France. D.Scotland.
6.What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 2 refer to？
A.The kind of weather the south of England will have in 2060.
B.The kind of weather the Loire Valley experiences now.
C.The UK’s temperature rises are likely to cause the crops growing in the south to be grown further north.
D.The UN’s belief that there will be a shift northwards of between 200 and 300 kilometers for every degree of warming.
7.To go well with the change of farming practices as a farmer， 　　　　.
A.one can do nothing but wait for rain
B.one should build more irrigation systems
C.one will have to kill more pests like aphids
D.one must be prepared beforehand for the change of farming practices
8.What is the main idea of this passage？
A.The climate has a strong influence on crops.
B.The temperature rises will bring about either good or bad effects.
C.The global warmth causes more positive effects than negative ones.
D.The crops raised in the south will be transplanted to the north in 2060.
C
　　The San Francisco-based company， called Living Carbon， has created poplar （楊樹） trees that are genetically engineered （改變基因結構） to grow larger and suck up more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere than standard trees do.In February， workers planted rows of these poplars in southern Georgia.The company intends to plant 4 to 5 millions trees by the middle of next year， which they say will help with the worsening climate crisis.
　　“When plants photosynthesize （進行光合作用）， they convert carbon into sugar and nutrients that are eventually consumed by all living organisms.But they also produce a harmful by-product， which must be broken down during the energy-intensive process of photorespiration （光呼吸）”， said Yumin Tao， the company’s vice president of biotechnology.
　　“This is not only wastes energy but also loses much fixed carbon in the form of CO2， which gets released into the air again，” Tao added.“It’s a wasteful process many plants do.Living Carbon has reduced photorespiration in its poplars， instead channeling the energy into growth，” he says.
　　The trees have three genes inserted to achieve this， including one from squash and one from green algae.But the company has yet to show its modified trees can capture more carbon in a real-world setting.Its only publicly available data comes from a study in a greenhouse that lasted for only a few months and has yet to be peer reviewed.“Their claims seen bold based on very limited real-world data，” says Andrew Newhouse， a conservation biologist at the SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry.
　　Still， the study reported the modified poplars grew as much as 53％ larger in five months compared to the unmodified ones， capturing 27％ more carbon dioxide.Now， the company hopes its other field trials in locations like Oregon and Pennsylvania will show similar successes.It’s currently focused on planting on private lands， where fewer roadblocks exist.
　　“We specially focus on land where trees otherwise wouldn’t be planted， like abandoned mine lands-areas where there isn’t an existing， rich ecosystem that’s allowing for a large amount of carbon removal right now，” says Maddie Hall， Living Carbon’s CEO.
9.Why does the company want to plant genetically modified poplars？
A.To help with the worsening climate crisis.
B.To better study them to gain more accurate data.
C.To replace ordinary poplars with genetically modified poplars.
D.To find suitable places for genetically modified poplars to grow.
10.What is Andrew Newhouse’s attitude to the company’s findings？
A.Disapproving. B.Ambiguous.
C.Skeptical. D.Supportive.
11.What can we learn about the genetically-engineered poplars？
A.They are very resistant to carbon.
B.They have a growth advantage.
C.They have two genes inserted.
D.They photosynthesize even faster.
12.What is the best title for the text？
A.A Company Is Trying to Engineer Trees Genetically　
B.Poplar Trees Might Be Planted All Around the World
C.Genetically Modified Trees Are Taking Root to Capture Carbon
D.Research Is Being Conducted to Use Trees to Remove CO2
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　Have you ever stopped to consider how empty the world would look without trees？ Below are five of the top benefits that trees provide.
　　　13　 When adults who are feeling down spend time in the forest， they feel better.Forest therapy can range from simply walking among the trees for a couple of hours to meditating （冥想） in a forest.The adults note they become more confident and their mood improves after forest therapy.
　　Trees help you heal faster.Natural environments， including forests， help you reach a more positive state of mind.　14　 In fact， sick people with exposure to nature heal faster than those who don’t， even if it’s just a view through a window！
　　Trees reduce air pollution and improve respiratory （呼吸的） health.Trees take in many harmful pollutants from our environment.　15　 These forests reduce an estimated 670，000 cases of respiratory illness and save 850 lives.
　　Trees provide oxygen.Trees are like the lungs of our Earth.They supply us with oxygen while taking away our carbon dioxide and ask for nothing in return.A single tree can provide enough oxygen for four people.　16　
　　Trees cool cities.Trees cool things down by offering shade and through evapotranspiration （蒸騰作用）.　17　 Trees even save your money on your electric bill.When a tree offers direct shade for your home， you’ll use less air conditioning.
A.Trees cheer you up！
B.Trees help reduce the effects of climate change.
C.This， in turn， affects your overall state of wellness.
D.In fact， large forests can influence regional weather patterns.
E.So plant more trees around your home if you want to feel cooler.
F.And of course， trees also provide plenty of oxygen for birds and other wildlife.
G.For example， in the US， forests remove 17.4 million tons of pollution per year.
13.　　　　　　14.　　　　　　15.　　　　
16.　　　 17.　　　
Ⅲ.應用文寫作
　　假定你是李華，你校校報正在以“人與自然”為主題征稿。請你寫一篇短文投稿，內容包括：
　　1.人與自然和諧相處；
　　2.怎樣保持生物的多樣性。
注意：1.寫作詞數應為80左右；
2.可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
基礎知識自測
維度一
1.roots　2.myth　3.legends　4.centimetres　5.linked
6.attack　7.breathing　8.fantasy　9.version　10.detect
維度二
1.amazing　2.Surprisingly　3.similarly　4.injuries
5.belief　6.appearance　7.communication　8.cultural
9.detection　10.attraction
維度三
1.With time going by
2.It’s reported
3.so that we could catch the first bus
4.is very similar to
5.communicate with
6.was to blame
7.link their bank cards to
8.drive away
9.In the end
10.in particular
維度四
1.with　2.are being eaten　3.away　4.surprisingly　5.if　6.indicating　7.communication　8.links　9.Using　10.from
素養能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。加州大學的研究人員發現了通過種子精確克隆雜交植物的方法，可能讓貧困農民不用每年購買昂貴的雜交種子，并且保證以后年度的高產。
1.B　推理判斷題。根據第一段第一句可知，研究人員想要解決的問題是農民種植成本的問題。
2.D　細節理解題。根據第二段第二句可知，目前雜交種子的缺點是這些種子不能復制出具有相同品質的植物。
3.A　推理判斷題。根據第三段中的Siddiq， a former Deputy Director General ...they can still do.可知，Siddiq認為，雖然這個發現可能會對雜交種子公司造成發展挫折，但這些公司仍然有很多其他事可以去做。由此可推測出，他對這些公司的商業利益懷有希望。
4.C　主旨大意題。文章第一段引出本文話題：加州大學發現了通過種子精確克隆雜交植物的方法。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了氣溫上升可能造成作物品種、生產種植方式發生變化以及害蟲孵化提前可能造成作物受害的情況。
5.A　細節理解題。根據第一段中的The crops we produce in the UK和第三段第一句可知，作者可能來自英國。
6.C　代詞指代題。通讀第二段內容可知，This指代上文所講的For the UK， temperature rises are likely to mean the crops normally growing in the south of the country will be able to be grown further north.，即This 指氣溫上升使之前在南邊種植的作物在向北一些的地方也可種植這一情況。
7.D　細節理解題。根據第四段第一句可知，作為農民，要適應耕作方式的變化，必須事先為耕種作準備。
8.A　主旨大意題。根據文中所講的氣溫上升造成作物品種、生產種植方式發生變化以及害蟲提前孵化造成作物受害可知，本文主要講的是氣候對作物有重要影響。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。一家名為Living Carbon的公司培育出了轉基因楊樹，這種樹會長得更大，吸收更多的二氧化碳，在佐治亞州南部已經種植了數排這種楊樹。
9.A　細節理解題。根據第一段最后一句可知，這家公司種植轉基因楊樹是為了幫助應對日益惡化的氣候危機。
10.C　觀點態度題。根據第四段最后一句可推知，安德魯·紐豪斯對該公司的調查結果持懷疑態度。
11.B　細節理解題。根據倒數第二段第一句可知，基因工程楊樹有增長優勢。
12.C　標題歸納題。文章主要說明了一家名為Living Carbon的公司培育出了轉基因楊樹，這種樹會長得更大，吸收更多的二氧化碳，在佐治亞州南部已經種植了數排這種楊樹。故C項為文章最佳標題。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了樹木對人類和環境的好處。
13.A　根據下文可知，本段主要講述了森林能夠改善人的情緒，使人變得自信和振奮。A項與本段意思相符，是本段的主題句。
14.C　根據空前一句可知，C項中的This指代空前一句中的a more positive state of mind，表明自然環境可以使人們有一個更積極的心態，而積極的心態又會影響人的整體健康，C項符合語境。
15.G　根據空前一句可知，G項（例如，在美國，森林每年就可消除1，740萬噸的污染物）是對空前一句的舉例說明，也呼應了本段第一句（樹木減少空氣污染，提高呼吸健康），G項符合語境。
16.F　根據本段主題句Trees provide oxygen.可知，本段主要講述了樹木為自然界提供氧氣。F項進一步說明了樹木不僅可以為人類提供氧氣，還可以為自然界的其他動物提供氧氣，且與空前一句為遞進關系，并呼應了本段主題。
17.E　根據空前兩句可知，樹木能夠使城市涼爽，起到降溫的作用。E項符合語境。
Ⅲ.
Man and Nature
　　Man is the product of nature and relies on nature to survive. As a result， we should be in harmony with nature. When we explore and exploit nature， we should respect it instead of destroying it.
　　In addition， man should learn to protect animals and plants， which play an important role in our lives. If we do damage to them， many species may die out， thus bringing the earth a disaster. To protect the diversity of wildlife， man should be aware of their importance and know that man can’t live without them.
　　In all， man should keep in mind the importance of nature.
6 / 6Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
The Secret Language of Plants
　　Talking plants have long been a thing of myths① and legends②.Many cultures have stories of talking trees [1]that give advice as well as③ warnings to people.Alexander the Great and Marco Polo were said to have visited such a tree in India.And in some modern stories， such as the film Avatar， trees can communicate with④ animals and people.
　　[2]With us long believing that talking plants are fantasy⑤， new research has revealed something amazing：[3]it appears that plants can communicate after all⑥.
　　[1]that引導定語從句，修飾先行詞talking trees。
　　[2]with復合結構（with＋代詞＋doing）作狀語。
　　[3]it appears that ... 意為“似乎……”，it作形式主語，真正的主語是that引導的從句。
　　[4]It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other.This happens when a plant， say a bean plant， gets attacked by insects.The plant releases tiny amounts of⑦ chemicals from the leaves [5]that are being eaten.This is like a warning， or a call for help：“I’m being attacked！” When another bean plant detects⑧ the chemicals from its injured neighbour， it starts to release its own， different chemicals.Some of these chemicals drive insects away⑨.Others attract insects — the wasps⑩！ The wasps kill the insects that are eating the bean plants.Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system， [6]so that we can use it to grow crops without pesticides .
　　[4]It作形式主語，真正的主語是that引導的從句。
　　[5]that引導定語從句，修飾先行詞leaves。
　　[6]so that引導目的狀語從句，意為“以便，為了”。
　　More surprisingly， plants also use sound to communicate.People can’t hear these sounds， but plants are making them.Some plants make noises with their roots .Corn and chilli plants do this.They also “listen” to the noises from other plants.A chilli plant can tell [7]if a neighbouring plant is helpful， or unfriendly.Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water，[8]indicating drought is arriving.
　　[7]if引導賓語從句，作tell的賓語。
　　[8]indicating ...為動詞-ing形式作伴隨狀語。
　　Most surprisingly of all， plants have an amazing system of communication [9]that can link nearly every plant in a forest.Scientists call this system the “wood wide web”.It is in some ways similar to the Internet we use.[10]While the Internet is a worldwide network of computers [11]linked by cables and satellites， the wood wide web is linked underground by fungi .This fungal network links the roots of different plants to each other.[12]Using the wood wide web， plants can share information and even food with each other.For example， some pine trees can send food to smaller pine trees to help them grow.But just like our own Internet， the wood wide web has its own version of “cybercrime ”.Plants can steal food from each other， or spread poisons to attack other plants.Perhaps one day scientists will learn [13]how to create a “firewall ” to help prevent these attacks within the wood wide web.
　　[9]that引導定語從句，修飾先行詞communication。
　　[10]While在此是并列連詞，表示對比。
　　[11]linked by ...為動詞-ed形式作定語，修飾名詞computers。
　　[12]Using the wood ...為動詞-ing形式作伴隨狀語。
　　[13]“疑問詞＋動詞不定式”結構作learn的賓語。
　　Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways [14]in which plants talk to each other.Who knows？ Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to “talk” with them ourselves.
　　[14]in which引導定語從句，修飾先行詞ways。
【讀文清障】
①myth n.（古代的）神話
②legend n.傳說，傳奇（故事）
③as well as 也；又（連接并列結構）
④communicate with sb與某人交流
communicate sth to sb 向某人傳達（思想和感情）
⑤fantasy n.幻想
⑥after all 畢竟；終究
⑦tiny amounts of 微量的
⑧detect v.發現，察覺（尤指不易覺察到的事物）
⑨drive ...away 把……趕走
⑩wasp n.黃蜂
pesticide n.殺蟲劑，農藥
root n.根
chilli n.辣椒
indicate vt.指出；標示；表明；暗示
link v.把……聯系起來；連接
be similar to 與……相似
cable n.電纜
fungus n.真菌（復數fungi）
fungal adj.真菌的
version n.說法，描述；版本
cybercrime n.網絡犯罪
firewall n.防火墻
【參考譯文】
植物密語
　　會說話的植物一直是神話傳說中的一大元素。在許多種文化中流傳下來的故事里，會說話的樹給予人們忠告和警示。據說亞歷山大大帝和馬可·波羅曾在印度見過一棵會說話的樹。在一些現代故事——例如電影《阿凡達》中，樹可以與人類和動物溝通交流。
　　我們一直認為會說話的植物只存在于幻想之中，但新研究有了令人驚奇的發現：植物間似乎確實可以交流。
　　人們早就知道植物可以利用化學物質進行交流。當一株植物——比如豆科植物——被昆蟲襲擊時，就會發生這種情況。正遭受啃食的葉子會釋放出微量的化學物質，這像是警示，抑或求救：“我被攻擊了！”當另一株豆類植物察覺到附近受傷同伴釋放的化學物質時，它自身便開始釋放不同的化學物質，其中一些能驅趕昆蟲，而另一些則會吸引另一種昆蟲——黃蜂！黃蜂會殺死那些啃食豆類植物的昆蟲。科學家們希望能進一步了解這種植物警報系統，從而將其應用于不用使用農藥的農作物的種植。
　　更不可思議的是，植物也能用聲音交流。雖然人類聽不到，但植物確實正在發出聲音。有些植物通過根部發出聲響，比如玉米和辣椒。它們還能“聽見”其他植物發出的聲響。由此，辣椒可以知道自己附近的植物是敵是友。還有些樹木在水分不足時會發出咔嗒聲，以示干旱就要來了。
　　最令人驚奇的是，植物擁有一套神奇的信息交流系統，幾乎可以連接起森林中所有的植物。科學家們稱之為“植物萬維網”。在某種程度上，它很像人類使用的互聯網。互聯網是通過電纜和衛星連接的全球計算機網絡，而植物萬維網則是在地下通過真菌連接而成的。這個真菌網絡將不同植物的根彼此連接，通過它，植物可以互相分享信息甚至是食物。比如，某些松樹會通過真菌網絡向松樹幼苗輸送養分，幫助它們生長。但是，像互聯網一樣，植物萬維網也會發生“網絡犯罪”。植物會偷取同伴的養分，或散播有毒物質攻擊其他植物。也許未來某一天，科學家會研究出建造“防火墻”的方法來阻止植物萬維網中的這些攻擊。
　　科學家們每天都在增進對植物間相互溝通的秘密方式的了解。誰知道呢？說不定哪一天，我們就能足夠了解植物溝通的知識，從而親自和植物“聊天”了。
第一步：析架構理清脈絡
Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
第二步：知細節明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What can we learn from Paragraph 3？
A.Plants can release chemicals from the roots.
B.Plants can release chemicals when attacked.
C.Chemicals from some plants destroy the other plants.
D.Scientists find the method of growing crops without pesticides.
2.How many ways that plants communicate are talked about in the passage？
A.1.　　　B.2. C.3.　　　D.4.
3.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage？
①＝Paragraph 1 ②＝Paragraph 2
③＝Paragraph 3 ④＝Paragraph 4
⑤＝Paragraph 5 ⑥＝Paragraph 6
A.①/②/③④⑤/⑥ B.①②/③④⑤/⑥
C.①②③/④⑤/⑥ D.①/②③④⑤/⑥
4.What is the main purpose of this passage？
A.To encourage people to study plants.
B.To introduce ways of communication between plants.
C.To argue why plants are able to communicate.
D.To tell us some myths about talking plants.
第三步：品語言妙筆生輝
1.Read the third paragraph carefully and find the sentence which uses the rhetoric method — personification （擬人）.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.Read the fourth paragraph carefully and find the topic sentence of the paragraph.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第四步：拓思維品質提升
Discuss the following question with your partner.
Do you think it’s useful to study the secrets of plants communication？ Why？ What can we benefit from it？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第五步：析難句表達升級
1.Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water， indicating drought is arriving.
句式分析 本句為復合句，when there is not enough water為when引導的　　　　　　從句；indicating drought is arriving是動詞-ing形式作　　　　狀語，drought is arriving為省略that的　　　　從句。
自主翻譯 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other.
句式分析 本句為復合句，in which plants talk to each other為“介詞＋關系代詞”引導的　　　　從句。
自主翻譯 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Part Ⅰ　核心詞匯集釋
tiny amounts of 微量的
【教材原句】　The plant releases tiny amounts of chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten.
正遭受啃食的葉子會釋放出微量的化學物質。
【用法】
（1） 大/少量的
in large amounts　　　大量地
（2）amount vi. 合計，共計
amount to 合計；共計；等同于
【佳句】　The food was analyzed and found to contain tiny amounts of poison.
對這種食物進行了分析，發現含有微量的毒素。
【點津】　an amount （of），amounts （of）作主語或其修飾的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞的數常根據amount的單復數而定。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①A large amount of France’s electricity 　　　　　　　　（generate） by nuclear reactors.
②His earnings never amounted 　　　　　　more than 2，000 dollars a year.
③Up to now， large amounts of money 　　　　　　　　（be） spent on the old temple， which causes a heated discussion.
【寫美】　補全句子
④It’s best to buy vegetables 　　　　　　　　　　　　　because they are cheaper now.
最好大量地購買蔬菜，因為現在比較便宜。
detect v.發現，察覺（尤指不易覺察到的事物）；探測
【教材原句】　When another bean plant detects the chemicals from its injured neighbour， it starts to release its own， different chemicals.
當另一株豆類植物察覺到附近受傷同伴釋放的化學物質時，它自身便開始釋放不同的化學物質。
【用法】
（1）detect a lie　　　　　　識破謊言
detect a change 發覺轉變
（2）detective n. 偵探
detector n. 檢測器；發現者
detection n. 偵查；發現
【佳句】　Many forms of cancer can be cured if detected early.
如果發現得早，許多癌癥都可以治愈。
【辨析】　find， detect， discover
find 指通過主動尋找而重新獲得丟失了的東西、原來隱匿的事實或發現新事物，也可指偶然發現原來沒有意識到的情況
detect 指通過詳細的調查研究或仔細觀察發現某事物的存在或搞清楚某一事實真相，通常指發現不太好或有疑問的事物
discover 指經過主動的探索、尋找而發現已存在、但不為前人或其他人所知的事物或規律，常用于某一領域或科學發現
【練透】　選詞填空（find， detect， discover）/單句語法填空
①Several new botanical species have been 　　　　　　in the last few years.
②The police came and searched his house but 　　　　　　nothing.
③Can you 　　　　　　an escape of gas in this corner of the room？
④He is not qualified to be a 　　　　　　（detect）， for he is rather subjective on judgment.
⑤Three hundred firemen reached the hotel after a smoke 　　　　　　（detect） set off the alarm soon after midnight.
⑥If a fire starts in an engine， there is a 　　　　　　（detect） system to pick it up.
【寫美】　補全句子
⑦Dogs have a far wider hearing range than humans， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　far above humans’ hearing limits.
狗的聽覺范圍比人類大得多，使它們能夠探測到遠遠超過人類聽力極限的聲音。
drive ...away 把……趕走
【教材原句】　Some of these chemicals drive insects away.其中一些化學物質能驅趕昆蟲。
【用法】
（1）drive sb crazy/mad　把某人逼得發瘋/發狂
drive sb to do sth 迫使某人做某事
drive off 驅車離去；駛去
drive into 打入；敲進
drive sb home 開車送某人回家
（2）go for a drive 開車去兜風
【佳句】　After two and a half years， the mother panda drove the young panda away.
兩年半后，熊貓媽媽把小熊貓趕跑了。
【點津】　動詞drive的過去式和過去分詞均為不規則形式，分別為drove和driven。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①His passion for traditional Chinese culture drove him 　　　　　　（come） to China.
②I watched them leave and then drove 　　　　　　to the opposite direction.
③He picked up a hammer and drove a nail 　　　　　　a piece of wood.
【寫美】　補全句子
④My deskmate nearly 　　　　　　　　　.He is always thinking of himself.
我的同桌幾乎要把我逼瘋了。他總是想著他自己。
link v.把……聯系起來；連接 n.聯系；關系；鏈接
【教材原句】　Most surprisingly of all， plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest.
最令人驚奇的是，植物擁有一套神奇的信息交流系統，幾乎可以連接起森林中所有的植物。
【用法】
link up　　　　 　聯合，連接；使結合；使連接
link up with 與……聯合/匯合/碰頭
link ...with/to ... 將……和……聯系或連接起來
be linked with/to 與……有關
【佳句】　Linking arms with one of the instructors， I helped carry the young man out of the water.
我和其中一位教練手挽手，幫著把這個年輕人抬出水面。
【聯想】　表示“把……與……相聯系”還可用connect ...with ...，associate ...with ...等固定搭配來表達。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The two spacecrafts will link 　　　　　　in space two days later.
②They went on to the next town where they linked 　　　　　　with the other party.
③We should link theory 　　　　　　practice， which is important.
【寫美】　補全句子
④Obesity and a sedentary lifestyle 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　an increased risk of heart disease.
肥胖和久坐不動的生活方式被認為會增加患心臟病的風險。
Part Ⅱ　重點句型解構
句型公式：it作形式主語
【教材原句】　It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other.
人們早就知道植物可以利用化學物質進行交流。
【用法】
本句為主從復合句。句中It為形式主語，that引導的從句是真正的主語。
（1）常見的it作形式主語的句式：
①It＋be＋形容詞（obvious，possible，strange，natural， important ...）＋that從句；
②It＋be＋過去分詞（said，thought， known， believed， supposed， reported ...）＋that 從句；
③It ＋不及物動詞（seems， occurs， happens ...）＋that從句；
④It＋be＋名詞詞組（a pity， an honour， no wonder ...）＋that從句。
（2）特殊用法：
在“It is suggested/desired/proposed/recommended/ordered ...＋that從句”結構中，從句要用虛擬語氣，即謂語動詞用“（should）＋動詞原形”。
【寫美】　微寫作
①此外，強烈建議我們與他人分享我們的感受或想法。（建議信）
Additionally， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　our feelings or ideas with others.
②我們將在學校門口集合，預計早上8點出發。（告知信）
We’re to gather at the school gate and 　　　　　　　　　　　　we’ll set off at 8：00 am.
③我時常想起你煮的面條味道不錯。（感謝信）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the noodles you cooked tasted good.
④據說定期帶孩子去游樂場會減輕他們的學習壓力。
　　　　　　　　　　 taking kids to the amusement park on a regular basis can reduce their learning pressure.
句型公式：so that引導目的狀語從句
【教材原句】　Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system， so that we can use it to grow crops without pesticides.
科學家們希望能進一步了解這種植物報警系統，從而將其應用于不用使用農藥的農作物的種植。
【用法】
（1）so that 引導目的狀語從句，意為“為了……，以便……”，從句中常使用can/could/may/might/will/would/should等情態動詞；
（2）so that引導結果狀語從句，意為“以至于；結果”，從句中一般不用情態動詞。
【品悟】　Many athletes take part in the Olympic Games so that they can win glory for their homeland.
許多運動員參加奧運會是為了能為他們的祖國贏得榮譽。
【寫美】　微寫作
①此外，我們應該擺脫消極的想法，這樣我們就可以在考試時管理我們的壓力。（發言稿）
In addition， we should get rid of negative thoughts 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　when taking an exam.
②好幾個月沒下雨了，以至于土壤都干透了。（投稿）
It hasn’t rained for a few months， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖語篇】
第一步
1.Talking plants　2.chemicals　3.sound　4.the “wood wide web”
5.“talk” with
第二步
1－4　BCBB
第三步
1.This is like a warning， or a call for help：“I’m being attacked！”
2.More surprisingly， plants also use sound to communicate.
第四步
As far as I am concerned， it is very important to study this.Because it can not only benefit our human beings a lot but also be good to creatures around us.We can better understand the nature， summarize the law， and promote the harmony between human and nature for a brighter future of the world.
第五步
1.時間狀語　伴隨　賓語
還有些樹木在水分不足時會發出咔嗒聲，以示干旱就要來了。
2.定語
科學家們每天都在增進對植物間相互溝通的秘密方式的了解。
【核心知識·巧突破】
核心詞匯集釋
1.①is generated　②to　③have been　④in large amounts
2.①discovered　②found　③detect　④detective
⑤detector　⑥detection
⑦making them able to detect sounds
3.①to come　②off　③into　④drives me crazy/mad
4.①up　②up　③with/to　④have been linked with/to
重點句型解構
1.①it is highly suggested that we （should） share
②it is expected that　③It occurred to me at times that
④It is said that
2.①so that we can manage our stress
②so that the soil dries out
1 / 8(共101張PPT)
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
1
篇章助解·釋疑難
目 錄
4
課時檢測·提能力
3
核心知識·巧突破
2
文本透析·剖語篇
篇章助解·釋疑難
力推課前預習
1
The Secret Language of Plants
　　Talking plants have long been a thing of myths① and legends
②.Many cultures have stories of talking trees [1]that give advice as well
as③ warnings to people.Alexander the Great and Marco Polo were said
to have visited such a tree in India.And in some modern stories， such
as the film Avatar， trees can communicate with④ animals and people.
　　[2]With us long believing that talking plants are fantasy⑤， new
research has revealed something amazing：[3]it appears that plants
can communicate after all⑥.
　　[1]that引導定語從句，修飾先行詞talking trees。
　　[2]with復合結構（with＋代詞＋doing）作狀語。
　　[3]it appears that ... 意為“似乎……”，it作形式主語，真正的主
語是that引導的從句。
【讀文清障】
①myth n.（古代的）神話
②legend n.傳說，傳奇（故事）
③as well as 也；又（連接并列結構）
④communicate with sb與某人交流
communicate sth to sb 向某人傳達（思想和感情）
⑤fantasy n.幻想
⑥after all 畢竟；終究
　　[4]It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to
communicate with each other.This happens when a plant， say a bean
plant， gets attacked by insects.The plant releases tiny amounts of⑦
chemicals from the leaves [5]that are being eaten.This is like a
warning， or a call for help：“I’m being attacked！” When another
bean plant detects⑧ the chemicals from its injured neighbour， it
starts to release its own， different chemicals.Some of these chemicals
drive insects away⑨.Others attract insects — the wasps⑩！ The wasps
kill the insects that are eating the bean plants.
Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system， [6]so
that we can use it to grow crops without pesticides .
　　[4]It作形式主語，真正的主語是that引導的從句。
　　[5]that引導定語從句，修飾先行詞leaves。
　　[6]so that引導目的狀語從句，意為“以便，為了”。
⑦tiny amounts of 微量的
⑧detect v.發現，察覺（尤指不易覺察到的事物）
⑨drive ...away 把……趕走
⑩wasp n.黃蜂
pesticide n.殺蟲劑，農藥
　　More surprisingly， plants also use sound to communicate.People
can’t hear these sounds， but plants are making them.Some plants
make noises with their roots .Corn and chilli plants do this.They
also “listen” to the noises from other plants.A chilli plant can tell [7]if a
neighbouring plant is helpful， or unfriendly.Some trees make clicking
noises when there is not enough water，[8]indicating drought is
arriving.
　　[7]if引導賓語從句，作tell的賓語。
　　[8]indicating ...為動詞-ing形式作伴隨狀語。
root n.根
chilli n.辣椒
indicate vt.指出；標示；表明；暗示
　　Most surprisingly of all， plants have an amazing system of
communication [9]that can link nearly every plant in a
forest.Scientists call this system the “wood wide web”.It is in some
ways similar to the Internet we use.[10]While the Internet is a
worldwide network of computers [11]linked by cables and
satellites， the wood wide web is linked underground by fungi .This
fungal network links the roots of different plants to each
other.[12]Using the wood wide web， plants can share information and
even food with each other.For example， some pine trees can send
food to smaller pine trees to help them grow.
But just like our own Internet， the wood wide web has its own
version of “cybercrime ”.Plants can steal food from each other， or
spread poisons to attack other plants.Perhaps one day scientists will
learn [13]how to create a “firewall ” to help prevent these attacks
within the wood wide web.
　　[9]that引導定語從句，修飾先行詞communication。
　　[10]While在此是并列連詞，表示對比。
　　[11]linked by ...為動詞-ed形式作定語，修飾名詞computers。
　　[12]Using the wood ...為動詞-ing形式作伴隨狀語。
　　[13]“疑問詞＋動詞不定式”結構作learn的賓語。
link v.把……聯系起來；連接
be similar to 與……相似
cable n.電纜
fungus n.真菌（復數fungi）
fungal adj.真菌的
version n.說法，描述；版本
cybercrime n.網絡犯罪
firewall n.防火墻
　　Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways
[14]in which plants talk to each other.Who knows？ Maybe one day we
will know enough about plant communication to be able to “talk” with
them ourselves.
　　[14]in which引導定語從句，修飾先行詞ways。
【參考譯文】
植物密語
　　會說話的植物一直是神話傳說中的一大元素。在許多種文化中流
傳下來的故事里，會說話的樹給予人們忠告和警示。據說亞歷山大大
帝和馬可·波羅曾在印度見過一棵會說話的樹。在一些現代故事——
例如電影《阿凡達》中，樹可以與人類和動物溝通交流。
　　我們一直認為會說話的植物只存在于幻想之中，但新研究有了令
人驚奇的發現：植物間似乎確實可以交流。
　　人們早就知道植物可以利用化學物質進行交流。當一株植物——
比如豆科植物——被昆蟲襲擊時，就會發生這種情況。正遭受啃食的
葉子會釋放出微量的化學物質，這像是警示，抑或求救：“我被攻擊
了！”當另一株豆類植物察覺到附近受傷同伴釋放的化學物質時，它
自身便開始釋放不同的化學物質，其中一些能驅趕昆蟲，而另一些則
會吸引另一種昆蟲——黃蜂！黃蜂會殺死那些啃食豆類植物的昆蟲。
科學家們希望能進一步了解這種植物警報系統，從而將其應用于不用
使用農藥的農作物的種植。
　　更不可思議的是，植物也能用聲音交流。雖然人類聽不到，但植
物確實正在發出聲音。有些植物通過根部發出聲響，比如玉米和辣
椒。它們還能“聽見”其他植物發出的聲響。由此，辣椒可以知道自己
附近的植物是敵是友。還有些樹木在水分不足時會發出咔嗒聲，以示
干旱就要來了。
　　最令人驚奇的是，植物擁有一套神奇的信息交流系統，幾乎可以
連接起森林中所有的植物。科學家們稱之為“植物萬維網”。在某種程
度上，它很像人類使用的互聯網。互聯網是通過電纜和衛星連接的全
球計算機網絡，而植物萬維網則是在地下通過真菌連接而成的。這個
真菌網絡將不同植物的根彼此連接，通過它，植物可以互相分享信息
甚至是食物。比如，某些松樹會通過真菌網絡向松樹幼苗輸送養分，
幫助它們生長。但是，像互聯網一樣，植物萬維網也會發生“網絡犯
罪”。植物會偷取同伴的養分，或散播有毒物質攻擊其他植物。也許
未來某一天，科學家會研究出建造“防火墻”的方法來阻止植物萬維網
中的這些攻擊。
　　科學家們每天都在增進對植物間相互溝通的秘密方式的了解。誰
知道呢？說不定哪一天，我們就能足夠了解植物溝通的知識，從而親
自和植物“聊天”了。
文本透析·剖語篇
助力語篇理解
2
第一步：析架構理清脈絡
Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
第二步：知細節明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1. What can we learn from Paragraph 3？
A. Plants can release chemicals from the roots.
B. Plants can release chemicals when attacked.
C. Chemicals from some plants destroy the other plants.
D. Scientists find the method of growing crops without pesticides.
2. How many ways that plants communicate are talked about in the
passage？
A. 1. B. 2.
C. 3. D. 4.
3. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage？
①＝Paragraph 1 ②＝Paragraph 2
③＝Paragraph 3 ④＝Paragraph 4
⑤＝Paragraph 5 ⑥＝Paragraph 6
A. ①/②/③④⑤/⑥ B. ①②/③④⑤/⑥
C. ①②③/④⑤/⑥ D. ①/②③④⑤/⑥
4. What is the main purpose of this passage？
A. To encourage people to study plants.
B. To introduce ways of communication between plants.
C. To argue why plants are able to communicate.
D. To tell us some myths about talking plants.
第三步：品語言妙筆生輝
1. Read the third paragraph carefully and find the sentence which uses
the rhetoric method — personification （擬人）.


2. Read the fourth paragraph carefully and find the topic sentence of
the paragraph.

　This is like a warning， or a call for help：“I’m being
attacked！”　
More surprisingly， plants also use sound to communicate.　
第四步：拓思維品質提升
Discuss the following question with your partner.
Do you think it’s useful to study the secrets of plants communication？
Why？ What can we benefit from it？





　As far as I am concerned， it is very important to study this.Because
it can not only benefit our human beings a lot but also be good to
creatures around us.We can better understand the nature，
summarize the law， and promote the harmony between human and
nature for a brighter future of the world.　
第五步：析難句表達升級
1. Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water，
indicating drought is arriving.
句式分析 本句為復合句，when there is not enough water為
when引導的 從句；indicating drought is
arriving是動詞-ing形式作 狀語，drought is arriving
為省略that的 從句。
自主翻譯

時間狀語　
伴隨　
賓語　
還有些樹木在水分不足時會發出咔嗒聲，以示干旱就
要來了。　
2. Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in
which plants talk to each other.
句式分析 本句為復合句，in which plants talk to each other為“介詞
＋關系代詞”引導的 從句。
自主翻譯

定語　
科學家們每天都在增進對植物間相互溝通的秘密方式
的了解。　
核心知識·巧突破
探究課堂重點
3
Part Ⅰ　核心詞匯集釋
tiny amounts of 微量的
【教材原句】　The plant releases tiny amounts of chemicals from the
leaves that are being eaten.
正遭受啃食的葉子會釋放出微量的化學物質。
【用法】
【佳句】　The food was analyzed and found to contain tiny amounts
of poison.
對這種食物進行了分析，發現含有微量的毒素。
【點津】　an amount （of），amounts （of）作主語或其修飾的名
詞作主語時，謂語動詞的數常根據amount的單復數而定。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①A large amount of France’s electricity
（generate） by nuclear reactors.
②His earnings never amounted more than 2，000 dollars a
year.
③Up to now， large amounts of money （be） spent
on the old temple， which causes a heated discussion.
is generated　
to　
have been　
【寫美】　補全句子
④It’s best to buy vegetables because they are
cheaper now.
最好大量地購買蔬菜，因為現在比較便宜。
in large amounts　
detect v.發現，察覺（尤指不易覺察到的事物）；探測
【教材原句】　When another bean plant detects the chemicals from
its injured neighbour， it starts to release its own， different
chemicals.當另一株豆類植物察覺到附近受傷同伴釋放的化學物質
時，它自身便開始釋放不同的化學物質。
（1）detect a lie　　　　　識破謊言
detect a change　　發覺轉變
（2）detective n.　　偵探
detector n.　　檢測器；發現者
detection n.　　偵查；發現
【用法】
【佳句】　Many forms of cancer can be cured if detected early.
如果發現得早，許多癌癥都可以治愈。
【辨析】　find， detect， discover
find 指通過主動尋找而重新獲得丟失了的東西、原來隱匿的事實或
發現新事物，也可指偶然發現原來沒有意識到的情況
dete
ct 指通過詳細的調查研究或仔細觀察發現某事物的存在或搞清楚
某一事實真相，通常指發現不太好或有疑問的事物
disc
over 指經過主動的探索、尋找而發現已存在、但不為前人或其他人
所知的事物或規律，常用于某一領域或科學發現
【練透】　選詞填空（find， detect， discover）/單句語法填空
①Several new botanical species have been in the last
few years.
②The police came and searched his house but nothing.
③Can you an escape of gas in this corner of the room？
④He is not qualified to be a （detect）， for he is
rather subjective on judgment.
⑤Three hundred firemen reached the hotel after a
smoke （detect） set off the alarm soon after midnight.
discovered　
found　
detect　
detective　
detector　
⑥If a fire starts in an engine， there is a （detect）
system to pick it up.
【寫美】　補全句子
⑦Dogs have a far wider hearing range than humans，
far above humans’ hearing limits.
狗的聽覺范圍比人類大得多，使它們能夠探測到遠遠超過人類聽力極
限的聲音。
detection　
making them
able to detect sounds　
drive ...away 把……趕走
【教材原句】　Some of these chemicals drive insects away.其中一些
化學物質能驅趕昆蟲。
【用法】
（1）drive sb crazy/mad　把某人逼得發瘋/發狂
drive sb to do sth　　迫使某人做某事
drive off　　驅車離去；駛去
drive into　　打入；敲進
drive sb home　　開車送某人回家
（2）go for a drive　　開車去兜風
【佳句】　After two and a half years， the mother panda drove the
young panda away.
兩年半后，熊貓媽媽把小熊貓趕跑了。
【點津】　動詞drive的過去式和過去分詞均為不規則形式，分別為
drove和driven。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①His passion for traditional Chinese culture drove him
（come） to China.
②I watched them leave and then drove to the opposite
direction.
to come　
off　
③He picked up a hammer and drove a nail a piece of wood.
【寫美】　補全句子
④My deskmate nearly .He is always thinking
of himself.
我的同桌幾乎要把我逼瘋了。他總是想著他自己。
into　
drives me crazy/mad　
link v.把……聯系起來；連接 n.聯系；關系；鏈接
【教材原句】　Most surprisingly of all， plants have an amazing
system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest.最
令人驚奇的是，植物擁有一套神奇的信息交流系統，幾乎可以連接起
森林中所有的植物。
【用法】
link up　　　　 　聯合，連接；使結合；使連接
link up with　　與……聯合/匯合/碰頭
link ...with/to ...　　將……和……聯系或連接起來
be linked with/to　　與……有關
【佳句】　Linking arms with one of the instructors， I helped carry
the young man out of the water.
我和其中一位教練手挽手，幫著把這個年輕人抬出水面。
【聯想】　表示“把……與……相聯系”還可用connect ...with ...，
associate ...with ...等固定搭配來表達。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The two spacecrafts will link in space two days later.
②They went on to the next town where they linked with the
other party.
③We should link theory practice， which is important.
up　
up　
with/to　
【寫美】　補全句子
④Obesity and a sedentary lifestyle an
increased risk of heart disease.
肥胖和久坐不動的生活方式被認為會增加患心臟病的風險。
have been linked with/to　
Part Ⅱ　重點句型解構
句型公式：it作形式主語
【教材原句】　It has been known for some time that plants use
chemicals to communicate with each other.
人們早就知道植物可以利用化學物質進行交流。
【用法】
本句為主從復合句。句中It為形式主語，that引導的從句是真正的主
語。
（1）常見的it作形式主語的句式：
①It＋be＋形容詞（obvious，possible，strange，natural，
important ...）＋that從句；
②It＋be＋過去分詞（said，thought， known， believed，
supposed， reported ...）＋that 從句；
③It ＋不及物動詞（seems， occurs， happens ...）＋that從句；
④It＋be＋名詞詞組（a pity， an honour， no wonder ...）＋that從
句。
（2）特殊用法：
在“It is suggested/desired/proposed/recommended/ordered ...＋that從
句”結構中，從句要用虛擬語氣，即謂語動詞用“（should）＋動詞
原形”。
【寫美】　微寫作
①此外，強烈建議我們與他人分享我們的感受或想法。（建議信）
Additionally， our
feelings or ideas with others.
②我們將在學校門口集合，預計早上8點出發。（告知信）
We’re to gather at the school gate and we’ll set
off at 8：00 am.
③我時常想起你煮的面條味道不錯。（感謝信）
the noodles you cooked tasted
good.
it is highly suggested that we （should） share　
it is expected that　
It occurred to me at times that　
④據說定期帶孩子去游樂場會減輕他們的學習壓力。
taking kids to the amusement park on a regular
basis can reduce their learning pressure.
It is said that　
句型公式：so that引導目的狀語從句
【教材原句】　Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning
system， so that we can use it to grow crops without pesticides.
科學家們希望能進一步了解這種植物報警系統，從而將其應用于不用
使用農藥的農作物的種植。
【用法】
（1）so that 引導目的狀語從句，意為“為了……，以便……”，從句
中常使用can/could/may/might/will/would/should等情態動詞；
（2）so that引導結果狀語從句，意為“以至于；結果”，從句中一般
不用情態動詞。
【品悟】　Many athletes take part in the Olympic Games so that they
can win glory for their homeland.
許多運動員參加奧運會是為了能為他們的祖國贏得榮譽。
【寫美】　微寫作
①此外，我們應該擺脫消極的想法，這樣我們就可以在考試時管理我
們的壓力。（發言稿）
In addition， we should get rid of negative thoughts
when taking an exam.
②好幾個月沒下雨了，以至于土壤都干透了。（投稿）
It hasn’t rained for a few months， .
so that we can
manage our stress　
so that the soil dries out　
課時檢測·提能力
培育學科素養
4
維度一：品句填詞
1. Firm more soil over the （根） and water thoroughly.
2. A （神話） is an account of the deeds of supernatural
beings， usually expressed in terms of primary thought.
3. There are many wonderful （傳說） about this famous
hero.
roots　
myth　
legends　
4. Sharks in the sea vary in size from just 20 （厘米）
to 14 metres.
5. Asia and Europe， being two different areas， are （連
接） together by mountains and rivers.
6. The monster often gets angry and will （攻擊） anyone
who goes close to it.
7. It is tough to climb Mount Everest.You can never imagine what
difficulty you have （呼吸） there.
8. Last year， the most-read children’s books at least in UK were
almost all f novels.
9. Some former hostages contradicted the official v of events.
10. Dogs can d sounds beyond humans’ hearing limit.
centimetres　
linked　
attack　
breathing　
antasy　
ersion　
etect　
維度二：詞形轉換
1. Therefore， I wonder if you are interested to go with us， during
which we can have a feast of （amaze） Chinese
culture.
2. （surprise）， Sadie dialed the emergency
number 911 and saved his mother’s life.
3. Trees need water to grow； （similar）， friendship
needs our sincerity to develop.
amazing　
Surprisingly　
similarly　
4. Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running， research
shows， while most likely contributing to fewer
（injure）.
5. It is our （believe） that improvements in health care
will lead to a stronger， more prosperous economy.
6. At the sight of his （appear） on the stage， the
hall rang with thunderous applause.
7. Secondly， you’d better make more friends through face-to-
face （communicate）.
injuries　
belief　
appearance　
communication　
8. My friends were green with envy when I gave a talent show at our
school’s （culture） art festival.
9. Early （detect） of cancers can greatly increase the
chances of cure even if you don’t have any symptoms yet.
10. We were about to head for the next tourist
（attract） when it began to rain.
cultural　
detection　
attraction　
維度三：固定搭配和句式
1. （隨著時間的流逝）， I gradually adapted
myself to the school life.
2. （據報道） areas of children’s brains can grow
when they learn music or a language.
3. We got up early （以便我們
能趕上第一班公共汽車）.
4. The basic design of the car （非常類似） that
of earlier models.
With time going by　
It’s reported　
so that we could catch the first bus　
is very similar to　
5. The best way to learn a foreign language is to
（與……交流） the people who speak it.
6. The teacher didn’t know who （批評） because it
happened when she was not in the classroom.
7. As long as online payment is safe， people will be more likely
to （把他們的銀行卡和……綁定）
WeChat.
8. The hanging bags are used to （驅趕） harmful
pests.
communicate
with　
was to blame　
link their bank cards to　
drive away　
9. （最后）， we all decided to organize a concert for
Easter.
10. We’re trying to raise awareness about the environment in general
and air pollution （尤其）.
In the end　
in particular　
維度四：課文語法填空
　　Modern research is showing that plants can communicate
1. each other.
　　It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to
communicate with each other.The plant releases chemicals from the
leaves that 2. （eat）.This is like a warning， or a
call for help：“I’m being attacked！” When another plant detects the
chemicals， it starts to release its own， different chemicals.Some of
these chemicals drive insects 3. .
with　
are being eaten　
away　
　　More 4. （surprise）， plants also use sound to
communicate.Some plants make noises with their roots.A chilli plant
can tell 5. a neighbouring plant is helpful， or unfriendly.Some
trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water，
6. （indicate） drought is arriving.
surprisingly　
if　
indicating　
　　Most surprisingly of all， plants have an amazing system of
7. （communicate） that can link nearly every
plant in a forest.Scientists call this system the “wood wide web”.This
fungal network 8. （link） the roots of different plants to
each other.9. （use） the wood wide web， plants can share
information and even food with each other.Plants can steal food
10. each other， or spread poisons to attack other plants.
　　Maybe one day we will be able to “talk” with plants ourselves.
communication　
links　
Using　
from　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　Plant biologists have found a way that may enable poor farmers to
do away with the need to purchase expensive hybrid seeds every
year.Researchers at the University of California report that they have
solved a long-standing problem of hybrid seeds by making exact clones
of the hybrid plants from seeds.
　　For long， many crops have been grown from high-yielding，
anti-disease or climate-tolerant hybrid seeds.But the seeds of hybrid
crops do not produce plants with the same qualities during
reproduction and hence farmers cannot save the seeds for the next
growing season.They end up paying for new hybrid seeds each sowing
season.The discovery， long sought by plant researchers， could make
it easier to grow desirable high-yielding crops and make them
available to the world’s farmers.Farmers could thus replant seeds
from their own hybrid plants and enjoy the benefits of high production
year after year， the scientists report.
　　While the discovery would help farmers， it would also impact
the commercial interest of the hybrid seed industry.Siddiq， a former
Deputy Director General in the Crop Science Division of the ICAR，
said at first sight， this might seem like a setback for hybrid seed
companies but there would be plenty of things they can still do.“Rice is
grown over such a vast climatic and geographical range that
specialized hybrids would have to be developed for each region，” he
said.“The companies would continue to improve their hybrids.It will
be interesting to see how all this plays out in the years to come.”
　　Currently， the high costs of producing hybrid seeds are a major
barrier to farmers in developing countries， especially South Asia and
Africa.Siddiq said if efficiently used， this method could potentially be
a game-changer for poor farmers， who would need to purchase
hybrid seeds just once and plant the progeny （后代） seeds from
their own harvest in the following seasons.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。加州大學的研究人員發現了通過種
子精確克隆雜交植物的方法，可能讓貧困農民不用每年購買昂貴的
雜交種子，并且保證以后年度的高產。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。加州大學的研究人員發現了通過種
子精確克隆雜交植物的方法，可能讓貧困農民不用每年購買昂貴的
雜交種子，并且保證以后年度的高產。
1. What problem do the researchers aim to solve？
A. Farmers’ income.
B. Farmers’ costs.
C. Hybrid seeds’ cloning.
D. Hybrid seeds’ climate tolerance.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第一段第一句可知，研究人員想要解
決的問題是農民種植成本的問題。
2. What is the disadvantage of the present hybrid seeds？
A. They have a pretty long growth cycle.
B. They tend to be affected by various diseases.
C. They have stricter requirements for sowing time.
D. They fail to reproduce plants with the same quality.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第二段第二句可知，目前雜交種子的
缺點是這些種子不能復制出具有相同品質的植物。
3. What’s Siddiq’s attitude to the commercial interests of the hybrid
seed industry？
A. Hopeful. B. Concerned.
C. Doubtful. D. Anxious.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第三段中的Siddiq， a former
Deputy Director General ...they can still do.可知，Siddiq認
為，雖然這個發現可能會對雜交種子公司造成發展挫折，但這
些公司仍然有很多其他事可以去做。由此可推測出，他對這些
公司的商業利益懷有希望。
4. What is the main idea of the text？
A. The future of the hybrid seed industry.
B. The drawback of cloning hybrid seeds.
C. A method of cloning hybrid plants from their seeds.
D. A means of promoting the specialized hybrid seeds.
解析：　主旨大意題。文章第一段引出本文話題：加州大學發現
了通過種子精確克隆雜交植物的方法。
B
　　The crops we produce in the UK and around the world could
change with climate.The weather is an important part in farming and
changes in temperature will strongly affect crop growth.
　　For the UK， temperature rises are likely to mean the crops
normally growing in the south of the country will be able to be grown
further north.The UN believes there will be a shift northwards of
between 200 and 300 kilometers for every degree of warming.
would be similar to the south of England in 2060， having the kind of
weather the Loire Valley， in France， experiences now.
This　
　　Due to an increase in drought and heat waves， the types of crops
grown in the UK will have to change， which doesn’t have to be a bad
thing for us.Products which haven’t been farmed over here before，
such as sweet corn， sunflowers， and maize （玉米） for cereals，
could all provide new business for farmers — certainly in the
southeast.
　　However， if farming practices do change in this country，
procedures will have to be put in place beforehand as introducing
something new of farmland involves a lot of preparation.Also，
irrigation systems may need to be improved so rain from the winter
can be stored for the summer as it is hotter.
　　Researchers find that pests， such as aphids， are starting to
hatch （孵化） earlier in the year.In the last 10－15 years they’ve
arrived in springtime and the population of aphids appears to be
growing too.
　　Aphids are a real problem as they can cause so much damage to
crops， and if they’re arriving earlier in the year especially when the
crops are fragile， they can cause more damage than they used to.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了氣溫上升可能造成作物
品種、生產種植方式發生變化以及害蟲孵化提前可能造成作物受害
的情況。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了氣溫上升可能造成作物
品種、生產種植方式發生變化以及害蟲孵化提前可能造成作物受害
的情況。
5. Where does the author probably come from？
A. The UK. 　　　　 B. The US.
C. France. D. Scotland.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第一段中的The crops we produce in
the UK和第三段第一句可知，作者可能來自英國。
6. What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 2 refer to？
A. The kind of weather the south of England will have in 2060.
B. The kind of weather the Loire Valley experiences now.
C. The UK’s temperature rises are likely to cause the crops growing in
the south to be grown further north.
D. The UN’s belief that there will be a shift northwards of between 200
and 300 kilometers for every degree of warming.
解析：　代詞指代題。通讀第二段內容可知，This指代上文所講
的For the UK， temperature rises are likely to mean the crops
normally growing in the south of the country will be able to be
grown further north.，即This 指氣溫上升使之前在南邊種植的作物
在向北一些的地方也可種植這一情況。
7. To go well with the change of farming practices as a
farmer， 　　　　.
A. one can do nothing but wait for rain
B. one should build more irrigation systems
C. one will have to kill more pests like aphids
D. one must be prepared beforehand for the change of farming
practices
解析：　細節理解題。根據第四段第一句可知，作為農民，要適
應耕作方式的變化，必須事先為耕種作準備。
8. What is the main idea of this passage？
A. The climate has a strong influence on crops.
B. The temperature rises will bring about either good or bad effects.
C. The global warmth causes more positive effects than negative ones.
D. The crops raised in the south will be transplanted to the north in
2060.
解析：　主旨大意題。根據文中所講的氣溫上升造成作物品種、
生產種植方式發生變化以及害蟲提前孵化造成作物受害可知，本文
主要講的是氣候對作物有重要影響。
C
　　The San Francisco-based company， called Living Carbon， has
created poplar （楊樹） trees that are genetically engineered （改變
基因結構） to grow larger and suck up more carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere than standard trees do.In February， workers planted
rows of these poplars in southern Georgia.The company intends to
plant 4 to 5 millions trees by the middle of next year， which they say
will help with the worsening climate crisis.
　　“When plants photosynthesize （進行光合作用）， they convert
carbon into sugar and nutrients that are eventually consumed by all
living organisms.But they also produce a harmful by-product， which
must be broken down during the energy-intensive process of
photorespiration （光呼吸）”， said Yumin Tao， the company’s vice
president of biotechnology.
　　“This is not only wastes energy but also loses much fixed carbon
in the form of CO2， which gets released into the air again，” Tao
added.“It’s a wasteful process many plants do.Living Carbon has
reduced photorespiration in its poplars， instead channeling the
energy into growth，” he says.
　　The trees have three genes inserted to achieve this， including one
from squash and one from green algae.But the company has yet to
show its modified trees can capture more carbon in a real-world
setting.Its only publicly available data comes from a study in a
greenhouse that lasted for only a few months and has yet to be peer
reviewed.“Their claims seen bold based on very limited real-world
data，” says Andrew Newhouse， a conservation biologist at the
SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry.
　　Still， the study reported the modified poplars grew as much as
53％ larger in five months compared to the unmodified ones，
capturing 27％ more carbon dioxide.Now， the company hopes its
other field trials in locations like Oregon and Pennsylvania will show
similar successes.It’s currently focused on planting on private lands，
where fewer roadblocks exist.
　　“We specially focus on land where trees otherwise wouldn’t be
planted， like abandoned mine lands-areas where there isn’t an
existing， rich ecosystem that’s allowing for a large amount of carbon
removal right now，” says Maddie Hall， Living Carbon’s CEO.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。一家名為Living Carbon的公司培育
出了轉基因楊樹，這種樹會長得更大，吸收更多的二氧化碳，在佐
治亞州南部已經種植了數排這種楊樹。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。一家名為Living Carbon的公司培育
出了轉基因楊樹，這種樹會長得更大，吸收更多的二氧化碳，在佐
治亞州南部已經種植了數排這種楊樹。
9. Why does the company want to plant genetically modified poplars？
A. To help with the worsening climate crisis.
B. To better study them to gain more accurate data.
C. To replace ordinary poplars with genetically modified poplars.
D. To find suitable places for genetically modified poplars to grow.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第一段最后一句可知，這家公司種植
轉基因楊樹是為了幫助應對日益惡化的氣候危機。
10. What is Andrew Newhouse’s attitude to the company’s findings？
A. Disapproving. B. Ambiguous.
C. Skeptical. D. Supportive.
解析：　觀點態度題。根據第四段最后一句可推知，安德魯·紐
豪斯對該公司的調查結果持懷疑態度。
11. What can we learn about the genetically-engineered poplars？
A. They are very resistant to carbon.
B. They have a growth advantage.
C. They have two genes inserted.
D. They photosynthesize even faster.
解析：　細節理解題。根據倒數第二段第一句可知，基因工程楊
樹有增長優勢。
12. What is the best title for the text？
A. A Company Is Trying to Engineer Trees Genetically
B. Poplar Trees Might Be Planted All Around the World
C. Genetically Modified Trees Are Taking Root to Capture Carbon
D. Research Is Being Conducted to Use Trees to Remove CO2
解析：　標題歸納題。文章主要說明了一家名為Living Carbon
的公司培育出了轉基因楊樹，這種樹會長得更大，吸收更多的二
氧化碳，在佐治亞州南部已經種植了數排這種楊樹。故C項為文
章最佳標題。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　Have you ever stopped to consider how empty the world would
look without trees？ Below are five of the top benefits that trees
provide.
　　 　13　 When adults who are feeling down spend time in the
forest， they feel better.Forest therapy can range from simply walking
among the trees for a couple of hours to meditating （冥想） in a
forest.The adults note they become more confident and their mood
improves after forest therapy.
　　Trees help you heal faster.Natural environments， including
forests， help you reach a more positive state of mind. 　14　 In fact，
sick people with exposure to nature heal faster than those who don’t，
even if it’s just a view through a window！
　　Trees reduce air pollution and improve respiratory （呼吸的）
health.Trees take in many harmful pollutants from our
environment. 　15　 These forests reduce an estimated 670，000 cases
of respiratory illness and save 850 lives.
　　Trees provide oxygen.Trees are like the lungs of our Earth.They
supply us with oxygen while taking away our carbon dioxide and ask
for nothing in return.A single tree can provide enough oxygen for four
people. 　16　
　　Trees cool cities.Trees cool things down by offering shade and
through evapotranspiration （蒸騰作用）. 　17　 Trees even save
your money on your electric bill.When a tree offers direct shade for
your home， you’ll use less air conditioning.
A. Trees cheer you up！
B. Trees help reduce the effects of climate change.
C. This， in turn， affects your overall state of wellness.
D. In fact， large forests can influence regional weather patterns.
E. So plant more trees around your home if you want to feel cooler.
F. And of course， trees also provide plenty of oxygen for birds and
other wildlife.
G. For example， in the US， forests remove 17.4 million tons of
pollution per year.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了樹木對人類和環境
的好處。
13. A　根據下文可知，本段主要講述了森林能夠改善人的情緒，使人
變得自信和振奮。A項與本段意思相符，是本段的主題句。
14. C　根據空前一句可知，C項中的This指代空前一句中的a more
positive state of mind，表明自然環境可以使人們有一個更積極的心
態，而積極的心態又會影響人的整體健康，C項符合語境。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了樹木對人類和環境
的好處。
15. G　根據空前一句可知，G項（例如，在美國，森林每年就可消除
1，740萬噸的污染物）是對空前一句的舉例說明，也呼應了本段第一
句（樹木減少空氣污染，提高呼吸健康），G項符合語境。
16. F　根據本段主題句Trees provide oxygen.可知，本段主要講述了
樹木為自然界提供氧氣。F項進一步說明了樹木不僅可以為人類提供
氧氣，還可以為自然界的其他動物提供氧氣，且與空前一句為遞進關
系，并呼應了本段主題。
17. E　根據空前兩句可知，樹木能夠使城市涼爽，起到降溫的作用。
E項符合語境。
Ⅲ.應用文寫作
　　假定你是李華，你校校報正在以“人與自然”為主題征稿。請你寫
一篇短文投稿，內容包括：
　　1. 人與自然和諧相處；
　　2. 怎樣保持生物的多樣性。
注意：1.寫作詞數應為80左右；
2. 可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
參考范文：
Man and Nature
　　Man is the product of nature and relies on nature to survive. As a
result， we should be in harmony with nature. When we explore and
exploit nature， we should respect it instead of destroying it.
　　In addition， man should learn to protect animals and plants，
which play an important role in our lives. If we do damage to them，
many species may die out， thus bringing the earth a disaster. To
protect the diversity of wildlife， man should be aware of their
importance and know that man can’t live without them.
　　In all， man should keep in mind the importance of nature.
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