資源簡介

Section Ⅳ　Writing an observational journal
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　Scientists have discovered how plants manage to live alongside each other in places that are dark and shady.Plants in the deep darkness of a thick forest， where natural supplies are not very great in amount， won’t attempt to top their neighbors in growth as those in moderate （中度的） shade do.In deep shade conditions， it would be a waste of energy and harmful to survival because green shoots would never be able to top their larger neighbors in growth.
　　So how do plants prevent such growth in deep shade conditions？ The arcanum lies in the clocks inside them， say scientists from the John Innes Centre and the University of Bristol.
　　They have discovered that when plants notice deep shade， this changes the expression of genes in certain parts of the circadian clock （晝夜節(jié)律時鐘） — the internal daily timer found in plants and other living things.These clock components perform an additional role in preventing plants from lengthening and overtopping neighbors.
　　The work identifies a previously unknown role of the circadian clock in controlling plant development， and the findings may have possible effects on both natural plant populations and crops.Professor Antony Dodd of the John Innes Centre said， “The biological clock of plants plays a big part in their development and fitness.This work casts new light on a new role of the circadian clock in adapting plants to competition with other plants in their environments.” “It also gives us new insights into how plants adapt to very deep shade， where resources are very limited，” said Professor Kerry Franklin at the University of Bristol.
　　This work provides evidence for the stability of the circadian clock in stressful environments， and information that may be useful in developing new generations of crops in a challenging climate.
1.What do plants normally do in moderate shade？
A.Struggle to preserve energy.
B.Compete for limited resources.
C.Depend on each other to survive.
D.Try to outgrow their neighbors.
2.What does the underlined word “arcanum” in Paragraph 2 mean？
A.Secret. B.Note.
C.Grammar. D.Award.
3.How does the circadian clock affect plants？
A.It changes their gene expression.
B.It makes them realize light change.
C.It controls their growth in deep shade.
D.It helps them adapt to the darkness.
4.Why does the author write the text？
A.To introduce the role of the deep shade.
B.To share a new discovery about plants.
C.To explain plants’ secret of living in the water.
D.To compare plants living in certain conditions.
B
　　Open-air jazz， locally-grown vegetables， focaccia bread， goat cheeses， and Narcan training all competed against a rainstorm last Tuesday at Westside Farmers Market’s annual College Night.
　　And the vendors （攤販） held out pretty well.Even as the raindrops intensified， folks kept exploring the tables stationed in the parking lot.Among the crowd were a number of college students， mostly from the University of Rochester， likely brought in by the College Night awards being offered — a five-dollar token （購物卡）， a handbag， and a prize raffle entry， all free of charge.
　　Now in its 15th year， Westside volunteer Jackie Farrell said the market partners merely local farms， businesses， and community groups to populate its tables.“Our mission is to serve the people in the community， getting them health and nutrition information， and connecting them to the farmers who grow the produce，”Farrell said.“Everything has to be local.It’s a producer-only market， so you have to grow or produce whatever you’re going to sell here.”Those producers had diverse offerings.Vegetables， of course， were abundant but sellers also had cheeses， bread， prepared pasta dishes， and much more.
　　The community groups offering information were diverse too.Recovery All Ways， a local nonprofit organization with a stated “mission to support anyone affected by substance use disorder” handed out Narcan training and trained people in its use.Their station was next to a Moms Demand Action tent， where staffers provided information on physical safety.SNAP-Ed nutrition and benefit educators also ran a table.
　　The activities of the stations were accompanied by live music.The university’s Midnight Ramblers performed， and a local jazz band played away as the rain showers started rolling in.
　　Farrell hoped that the College Night promotion would help make students more comfortable in crossing the bridge into the Rochester community.“We love college students， and we keep encouraging them that all they have to do is go across the bridge.”
5.What attracted college students to the College Night？
A.Free prizes.　　　　B.Scenery in the rain.
C.Interesting books. D.Featured goods.
6.What is the characteristic of Westside Farmers Market？
A.It is managed by farmers themselves.
B.Its visitors are mostly university students.
C.Its offerings are locally grown or prepared.
D.Farmers provide more vegetables than corn.
7.Which of the following can best describe the College Night？
A.Crowded and chaotic.
B.Busy and festive.
C.Luxurious and splendid.
D.Romantic and peaceful.
8.What might be a suitable title for the text？
A.Westside Farmers Market is Flowering Rapidly
B.College Night Channels Products into the Communit
C.College Night Bridges University and the Communit
D.Westside Farmers Market is Expanding Nationwide
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　Whether they are furry， feathered or scaly （有鱗屑的）， the non-human members of your family help you in more ways than you know.　9　.
　　They keep you active.If you have a dog， the chances are that you’re walking it at least 30 minutes a day， and likely more — an activity that goes a long way towards keeping you fit.
　　They boost your immune system.Growing up indoors in disinfected spaces later causes our bodies to overreact to harmless substances， making us more likely to be allergic.As is often the case， pets have muddy paws， abundant fur and affection for licking （舔） us.　10　.
　　They lower your risk of a fatal heart attack.Researchers found that cat owners had a 30 per cent lower risk of dying of a heart attack.　11　.The researchers assumed — and most cat owners would agree — that cats’ unbothered nature has a calming effect.Spending time with any pet lowers stress， an important contributor to heart disease.
　　They help you manage a chronic disease. 　12　， animals always keep their owners busy and that can be a good thing for chronic disease sufferers of all types.When distracted from the pain， they will perceive less pain， and therefore they are in less pain.
　　　13　.Studies have shown that pet ownership is beneficial for people with depression， anxiety， PTSD and other long-term mental health conditions.Pet owners themselves report that their animal pals benefit them mentally a lot， like providing emotional support and helping them form social bonds.
A.They also improve your mental health
B.They contribute a lot to our strong body
C.With the considerate care from the owners
D.Here are some ways that your pet pal benefits you
E.With their regular need for feeding， walks and play
F.They introduce more bacterial diversity that our body adapts to
G.But you may wonder how it comes about without taking a cat for walks
9.　　　　　　10.　　　　　　11.　　　　
12.　　　 13.　　　
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　Early in my teaching career， I heard countless excuses — most of them amusing — for why students didn’t have their homework.“The dog ate it” was one of them.As time passed， I grew 　14　 of hearing “I don’t have my homework because ...”.So I quit accepting any excuse.
　　When I was 　15　 to another school， I took my straightforward attitude with me.“No excuses， no extensions！” I warned my eighth graders on the first day.When a student didn’t have the homework， I never asked why.　16　， I sighed loudly， shook my head in disgust and recorded a zero.
　　One afternoon， shortly after the 　17　 bell rang， Anthony 　18　 me.“Could I talk to you for a minute？” he asked shyly.“I know what you said about our homework， but I don’t want you to think I’m a slacker （偷懶的人） because I come to school 　19　 mine so often.”
　　Anthony looked up at me， and I could see that his lower lip was shaking.“It’s just that ... Well， my dad moved out， and my mom works at night， so I have to look after my little brothers.Sometimes they cry a lot， which makes it hard to 　20　.”
　　I put my hand on Anthony’s thin shoulder.“Why are you just now telling me ...，”I stopped in mid-sentence.I knew why.So I 　21　 the question，“Would it help if you stay here after school and work on it？”
　　He swallowed hard and 　22　.
　　The next day， I announced to all my students that I’d be offering an after-school study hall.Anthony was the first to 　23　.Several days later， Terrell joined him， 　24　 by twins Sandy and Randy.Before long， I had a room full of eighth graders to work on their lessons.I never asked why any of them were there， but I soon had a large 　25　 of “I don’t have my homework because ...”stories.All were very 　26　.None of them were amusing.
　　The things I learned weren’t taught in college.I discovered not all kids come from homes that are safe and 　27　.Not all kids have a quiet bedroom with a desk and a table lamp.Some don’t have a home where a parent is even around.And some kids do go to bed 　28　.Most importantly， I learned that “I’ll listen”works better than “No excuses”.
14.A.ashamed　　　　　　 B.scared
C.tired D.informed
15.A.transferred B.transplanted
C.transported D.transformed
16.A.However B.Afterward
C.Moreover D.Instead
17.A.dismissal B.removal
C.approval D.arrival
18.A.occupied B.greeted
C.waved D.approached
19.A.with B.without
C.for D.on
20.A.tolerate B.concentrate
C.balance D.survive
21.A.extended B.refreshed
C.changed D.updated
22.A.nodded B.shook
C.weighed D.understood
23.A.give up B.put up
C.show up D.take up
24.A.followed B.surrounded
C.separated D.impressed
25.A.combination B.description
C.prediction D.collection
26.A.imaginary B.fictional
C.rigid D.real
27.A.rich B.warm
C.simple D.sound
28.A.happily B.guiltily
C.hungrily D.irregularly
Ⅳ.語法填空
　　Scientists in Australia have found that honeybees seem to understand the idea of zero.This is 　29　 （surprise） since bees have very small brains.So far only a few animals with larger brains 　30　 （show） this skill.And humans don’t 　31　 （usual） understand it until they’re around four years old.
　　The scientists created 　32　 experiment to test whether honeybees understood the idea of “zero” or not.First， they trained the bees by rewarding 　33　 （they） with sugar water for choosing smaller numbers.The scientists hung up cards with different numbers of shapes.Under each card was a tray （盤子）.The tray under the smaller number had sugar water.The tray under the larger number had something sour.After about forty 　34　 （test）， the bees had learned to choose the cards with smaller numbers of shapes.The bees knew how to look at the cards， “count” the shapes on each card， and choose the card 　35　 had the fewest shapes.Then came the interesting part.The scientists put out a card with nothing on it — zero shapes.When given a choice between two or three shapes 　36　 “zero” shapes， bees picked zero.This showed they knew that zero， or “none”， was 　37　 （little） than “some”.Just to be sure， the scientists trained other bees 　38　 （choose） large numbers.Those bees did not choose zero.
29.　　　　　　30.　　　　　　31.　　　　
32.　　　 33.　　　 34.　　　
35.　　　 36.　　　 37.　　　
38.　　　
Ⅴ.讀后續(xù)寫
　　閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。
　　The little bird perched （棲息） itself on the tree branch outside Vanessa’s bedroom window.It sang an energetic song as the first pale yellow rays of sunshine emerged from the horizon.
　　“Oh， what is that noise？” Vanessa complained to herself， pulling her bed sheet over her head in an attempt to block the sound from outside.It was no use， and she knew it because the loud birdsong signalled the coming of the day.A few moments later， Vanessa’s mom knocked on her door， and then came in with a smile.“Time to get up， Sleepyhead，” she whispered.“The early bird catches the worm， you know.”
　　“Ugh， what does that even mean？” asked Vanessa， with a pillow covering her face.“It’s just an expression， honey，” her mom replied.She gave Vanessa a kiss on the cheek and urged her to get out of bed.Vanessa rolled over and slept for a few more minutes.
　　Vanessa walked slowly downstairs， had breakfast slowly and missed her bus.When she finally got to school， she had to get a late pass.She missed the first part of math class， so she didn’t understand the lesson and had to get extra help.Her teacher gave her extra homework to make sure she knew it.This day was no fun.
　　The next morning， Vanessa was woken up by the same birdsong.Instead of ignoring it， Vanessa walked over to the window and opened the curtains.Soft light filled the room.“Well， hello there， little fellow，” she said when she saw the pretty bird outside， still singing happily.Suddenly， the bird flew down to land on the fresh grass.As she watched， the bird picked up a worm for breakfast.Vanessa seemed to instantly understand what her mother meant when she said “The early bird catches the worm”.
注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應為150左右；
2.請按如下格式作答。
　　She raced through breakfast and caught the bus.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　At lunchtime， Vanessa finished her lunch early and had time to go to the library.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Section Ⅳ　Writing an observational journal
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了科學家們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了植物是如何在黑暗和陰暗的地方相互共存的。
1.D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的Plants in the deep darkness ...those in moderate （中度的） shade do.可知，在中度陰暗的環(huán)境中，植物試圖比其旁邊的植物長得高。
2.A　詞義猜測題。畫線詞上文提出問題——植物是如何在深蔭條件下阻止這種生長的呢？畫線詞所在句子解釋了上文，即此處指植物在深蔭條件下阻止這種生長的秘密在于它們內(nèi)部的時鐘。由此可知，arcanum意為“秘密”。
3.C　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，在深度陰暗的環(huán)境中，晝夜節(jié)律時鐘能夠控制植物的生長。
4.B　寫作意圖題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段第一句可推知，作者寫本文的目的是分享一個有關植物的新發(fā)現(xiàn)。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。文章介紹了西區(qū)農(nóng)貿(mào)市場一年一度的大學之夜活動，其目的是為社區(qū)的人們服務，向他們提供健康和營養(yǎng)信息并將他們與種植農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的農(nóng)民聯(lián)系起來。
5.A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的Among the crowd were ... all free of charge.可知，大學生參加大學之夜活動可能是被該活動提供的免費獎品吸引來的。
6.C　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的Everything has to be local ... to sell here.可知，西區(qū)農(nóng)貿(mào)市場的特色是一切都必須是本地化的，人們必須種植或生產(chǎn)要在這里銷售的任何東西，即它的出售物是在當?shù)胤N植或準備的。
7.B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容和第二段中的Even as the ... exploring the tables以及倒數(shù)第三段中的Their station was next to ... on physical safety.可知，在活動中人們很忙碌；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的The activities of the ... band played away可知，該活動還有音樂演奏，很喜慶。
8.C　標題歸納題。通讀全文可知，文章介紹了大學之夜活動，其目的是為社區(qū)的人們服務，向他們提供健康和營養(yǎng)信息并將他們與種植農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的農(nóng)民聯(lián)系起來；該活動也被希望能幫助學生們更舒服地融入社區(qū)。故C項（大學之夜連接大學和社區(qū)）適合作本文的標題。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了養(yǎng)寵物的好處。
9.D　根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容可知，這些非人類的家庭成員會在超出你所知道的更多方面幫助你；結合后面幾段的首句可知，該空在文中起著承上啟下的作用，D項（這里有一些你的寵物朋友給你帶來好處的方式）符合語境。
10.F　該段講述寵物能增強你的免疫系統(tǒng)，根據(jù)空前的pets have muddy paws， abundant fur and affection for licking （舔） us可知，該空應描述這種狀況對我們免疫系統(tǒng)的好處。F項（它們引入了我們身體所能適應的更多細菌種類）符合語境。
11.G　該空后面的unbothered nature has a calming effect是解題的關鍵，指的是貓高冷的天性有冷靜作用，由此可推出，空處會說你可能想知道在不遛貓的情況下貓主人死于心臟病的風險低30％是怎么發(fā)生的，故G項符合語境。G項中的it指代上文的cat owners ... heart attack。
12.E　根據(jù)該空后面的內(nèi)容animals always keep their owners busy可知，該空應描述使主人們忙碌的原因，故E項符合語境，此處表示由于寵物們需要規(guī)律的喂食、散步和玩耍，它們總是讓主人們很忙。
13.A　該空處于段首，應為段落主旨句；又根據(jù)該段后面的內(nèi)容Studies have shown that ... other long-term mental health conditions.可知，該空應描述寵物幫助改善人們的心理健康狀況。故A項符合語境。
Ⅲ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。在教學生涯之初，作者不接受學生任何沒有完成作業(yè)的借口。但調動工作后，作者嘗試著去了解沒有完成作業(yè)的學生的情況，發(fā)現(xiàn)并不是每個學生都生活在安全溫暖的家庭中。
14.C　根據(jù)下文的I quit accepting any excuse可知，作者之所以不再接受學生任何沒有完成作業(yè)的借口，是因為作者厭倦了這些借口。grow tired of為固定短語，意為“對……厭倦”。
15.A　根據(jù)空后的to another school可知，此處是指作者被調到了另一所學校任教。transfer 意為“（使）調動；轉職；改變（環(huán)境）”。
16.D　根據(jù)空前的When a student didn’t have the homework， I never asked why.和空后的I sighed loudly， shook my head in disgust and recorded a zero可知，此處是指對沒有完成作業(yè)的學生作者從不問原因，而是大聲地嘆息、厭惡地搖頭并直接給零分。
17.A　根據(jù)語境并結合常識可知，這個學生應該是在下課鈴響后找作者談話的。dismissal作為名詞有“解散”之意，在此表示下課鈴響后。
18.D　根據(jù)空后的Could I talk to you for a minute？可知， Anthony要找老師談話，需要靠近老師。approach意為“在距離或時間上靠近，接近”。
19.B　根據(jù)語境可知，此處指Anthony經(jīng)常不帶自己的作業(yè)到學校。without 意為“不用；不拿；不帶”。
20.B　根據(jù)空前的so I have to look after my little brothers.Sometimes they cry a lot可知，Anthony要照顧弟弟們且弟弟們有時哭鬧，所以集中精力（寫作業(yè)）是很難的。concentrate 意為“集中（注意力），聚精會神”。
21.C　根據(jù)空前的I stopped in mid-sentence.I knew why并結合空后的Would it help if you stay here after school and work on it？可知，作者說了半句就停下了，接著又改變了問題。
22.A　根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知，Anthony接受了作者的提議，此處是指他點了點頭。
23.C　根據(jù)空前的The next day， I announced to all my students that I’d be offering an after-school study hall.可知，作者向所有的學生宣布，自己將提供一個課后自習室；并結合空后的Several days later， Terrell joined him可知，Anthony是第一個出現(xiàn)在這里的。show up 意為“出現(xiàn)；露面”。
24.A　根據(jù)語境可知，此處是指Terrell加入之后，緊接著雙胞胎Sandy和Randy也加入了在課后自習室學習的隊伍中。
25.D　根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，此處指作者很快收集到大量的學生沒有寫完作業(yè)的理由。collection意為“一批物品”。
26.D　根據(jù)空后的None of them were amusing.可知，此處指學生給出的沒有完成作業(yè)的理由都是真實的。
27.B　根據(jù)空前的safe并結合發(fā)生在Anthony身上的故事可知，此處指不是所有的孩子都來自一個安全溫暖的家庭。
28.C　根據(jù)空前的not all kids come from homes that are safe ...don’t have a home where a parent is even around可知，此處指一些孩子餓著肚子就上床睡覺了。
Ⅳ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了澳大利亞的科學家通過實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)蜜蜂似乎理解“零”的概念。
29.surprising　考查詞形轉換。空處應用形容詞作表語，表示“令人驚訝的”。故填surprising。
30.have shown　考查動詞的時態(tài)和主謂一致。由句中的時間狀語So far 可知，應用現(xiàn)在完成時；主語only a few animals為復數(shù)形式，故填have shown。
31.usually　考查詞形轉換。空處修飾整個句子，應用副詞作狀語。故填usually。
32.an　考查冠詞。此處泛指一次實驗，且experiment的發(fā)音以元音音素開頭，故填an。
33.them　考查代詞。空處作rewarding的賓語，應用代詞的賓格形式。故填them。
34.tests　考查名詞的單復數(shù)。空前的forty為數(shù)詞，后接可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式。故填tests。
35.which/that　考查定語從句。分析句子結構可知，空處引導定語從句，修飾先行詞the card，且關系詞在定語從句中作主語。故填which/that。
36.and　考查連詞。between ... and ... 為固定結構，表示“在……和……之間”。故填and。
37.less　考查形容詞的比較級。根據(jù)語境可知，空處表示“更少”，應用形容詞的比較級形式，故填less。
38.to choose　考查非謂語動詞。train sb/sth to do sth表示“訓練某人/某物做某事”。故填to choose。
Ⅴ.
　　She raced through breakfast and caught the bus.She was one of the first kids to enter her classroom.Her teacher reminded her that there were only a few spots left in the Robotics Club， and if she was interested， she needed to sign up right away.Vanessa was very interested！ She wrote her name down in one of the last spaces happily and smiled to herself.
　　At lunchtime， Vanessa finished her lunch early and had time to go to the library.The librarian was stacking some new books that had just arrived.One of them was the sequel to a great story Vanessa had just finished.She was the first one to check it out！ Later， when the gym teacher asked for volunteers， Vanessa put her hand up immediately and was chosen to be the captain of the softball team.“Wow， it sounds like you had a great day， Vanessa，” her mom said later when Vanessa told her all about it at dinnertime.“Yes.Just call me the early bird，” said Vanessa， with a satisfied smile.
6 / 6Section Ⅳ　Writing an observational journal
Step 1　品教材課文 Step 2　析寫作手法
Week 1 　　The daffodil bulbs have been planted side by side in soil， with the pointed ends facing up.Water has been added and the container was put in a cool，dark place.The bulbs are being watered regularly. Week 3 　　A single stem has sprouted from each of the bulbs.On each stem are two leaves， which are long and narrow with a waxy texture.The container has been moved to a sunny， but cool place. Week 6 　　The stems have grown to around 20 centimetres tall and each has produced a single flower.The flowers are yellow and white， and shaped like trumpets. Week 1 　　首句中使用with復合結構（with the pointed ends facing up）作狀語，使句式表達更加簡潔。第二句中使用現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)，使表達富于變化。 Week 3 　　第二句中使用which引導的非限制性定語從句，生動地描寫出葉子的形態(tài)。 Week 6 　　首句使用并列連詞and連接上下兩分句，使表達銜接自然、流暢。
Step 3　背出彩佳句
1.It grows 10 to 40 feet high and has enormous， broad green leaves that are sometimes 10 feet long.
它長到10到40英尺高，有時有10英尺長的寬大的綠葉。
2.Another stem， which grows through the hollow stem， bears the flowers and the fruits.
另一根莖，長在中空的莖上，結出花朵和果實。
3.As it grows， it slowly unfolds and shows about 100 small blossoms， which are long and narrow and grow together in clusters or groups.
隨著它的生長，它慢慢地展開，開出大約100朵小花，這些花又長又窄，簇生在一起。
4.On each stem are two leaves， which are long and narrow with a waxy texture.
每根莖上有兩片葉子，又長又窄，有如蠟一般的質地。
5.Each bunch is called a “hand” because it looks almost like a hand with the separate bananas like fingers.
每一串都被稱為一只“手”，因為它看起來就像一只手，分開的香蕉就像手指一樣。
　　仔細觀察下面有關竹子種植的圖畫，寫一篇有關竹子成長的觀察日記。
一、審題謀篇，結構分明
第一段：植物的前段生長周期所見或所做：在每個花盆的中央種上一粒種子，然后加水。把花盆放置在間接日照12－16小時的地方。給每個花盆每天澆水。芽從土里冒出來。
第二段：植物的中段生長周期所見或所做：莖上有幾片又長又窄的葉子。花盆被放置在間接日照至少6小時的地方。
第三段：植物的后段生長周期所見或所做：莖已經(jīng)長到大約30厘米高，每根莖上都有一些綠葉。竹子從花盆中移植到開闊的土壤中。竹子一周澆水2－3次。
二、要點陳述，語言規(guī)范
1.在每個花盆的中央種上一粒種子。（in the center of）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.加水，把花盆放置在間接日照12－16小時的地方。這樣做的目的是防止種子被曬傷。（add， protect ... from ...， 非限制性定語從句）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3.每個花盆每天都澆水。（daily）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
4.莖上有幾片葉子，葉子又長又窄。（倒裝句）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
5.花盆被放置在間接日照至少6小時的地方。（at least）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
6.直接照射的陽光會灼傷竹子幼苗。（burn）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
7.確保植物得到半陽半陰的環(huán)境。（make sure）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
8.它的莖已經(jīng)長到大約30厘米高，每根莖上都有許多綠葉。（a number of）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
9.竹子已經(jīng)被從花盆中移植到開闊的土壤中。（transplant）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
10.新種的竹子每周要澆水2－3次。（被動語態(tài)）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
三、句間銜接，過渡自然
1.把句6和句7用適當?shù)倪B接詞進行合理地過渡。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.把句9和句10合并為并列句。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
四、檢查謄寫，卷面整潔
Week 1
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Week 5
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Week 8
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
情感 描寫 disgrace n.丟臉，恥辱
動作 描寫 answer the call 響應號召 drive ...away 把……趕走 suspect v.猜想，懷疑，覺得 blame v.責怪，指責；把……歸咎于 detect v.發(fā)現(xiàn)，察覺（尤指不易覺察到的事物） link v.把……聯(lián)系起來；連接
人物 描寫 distant adj.遙遠的；冷淡的；不友好的 geologist n.地質學家 legend n.傳說，傳奇（故事）
　　請從以上語料中選擇合適的詞匯，并用適當?shù)倪^渡詞完成下面語段。
　　杰克正朝我走來，但我的新朋友們卻揚起眉毛，把背包堆在桌子上，以至于沒有地方可以讓杰克坐下。這種尷尬的局面使空氣凝固了。杰克看著我時，我顯得很冷漠，低下了頭。后來，我想：“我真丟臉！當他被趕走的時候，我應該為他說話。” 強烈的內(nèi)疚感使我意識到我是應該受到責備的人。因此，我找到他并向他道歉。令我驚訝的是，杰克立刻就原諒了我，并笑了起來。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Section Ⅳ　Writing an observational journal
【演練佳作·寫美文】
寫作步驟
二、1.A single seed has been planted in the center of each pot.
2.Water has been added and the pots have been put in a spot with 12－16 hours of indirect sunlight， the purpose of which is to protect the seeds from burning.
3.Each pot has been watered daily.
4.On the stem are several leaves， which are long and narrow.
5.The pots have been placed in a location with at least 6 hours of indirect sunlight.
6.Direct sun will burn the bamboo seedlings.
7.Make sure that the plants get about half sun， half shade.
8.The stems have grown to around 30 centimetres tall and each has a number of green leaves.
9.The bamboo plants have been transplanted from pots to open soil.
10.The newly-planted bamboo plants are watered 2－3 times a week.
三、1.Direct sun will burn the bamboo seedlings，so make sure that the plants get about half sun， half shade.
2.The bamboo plants have been transplanted from pots to open soil and the newly-planted bamboo plants are watered 2－3 times a week.
四、
Week 1
　　A single seed has been planted in the center of each pot.Water has been added and the pots have been put in a spot with 12－16 hours of indirect sunlight， the purpose of which is to protect the seeds from burning.Each pot has been watered daily.Before long， the sprouts start to pop out of the soil.
Week 5
　　To my delight， on the stem are several leaves， which are long and narrow.The pots have been placed in a location with at least 6 hours of indirect sunlight.Direct sun will burn the bamboo seedlings， so make sure that the plants get about half sun， half shade.
Week 8
　　The stems have grown to around 30 centimetres tall and each has a number of green leaves.The bamboo plants have been transplanted from pots to open soil and the newly-planted bamboo plants are watered 2－3 times a week.
【教材詞匯·練續(xù)寫】
　　Jack was walking towards me，but my new friends raised their eyebrows and piled their backpacks on the table so that there was no space left for Jack to sit down.This awkward situation froze the air.I was distant and lowered my head when Jack looked at me.“What a disgrace！” I thought later，“I should have spoken up for him when he was driven away.” With strong feelings of guilt， I realized I was the one to blame.Therefore， I went to him and made an apology.To my surprise， Jack forgave me at once and smiled.
1 / 4(共83張PPT)
Section Ⅳ　Writing an observational journal
1
細品課文·學手法
目 錄
4
課時檢測·提能力
3
教材詞匯·練續(xù)寫
2
演練佳作·寫美文
1
細品課文·學手法
培養(yǎng)思維品質
Step 1　品教材課文
Week 1
　　The daffodil bulbs have been planted side by side in soil， with
the pointed ends facing up.Water has been added and the container
was put in a cool，dark place.The bulbs are being watered regularly.
Week 3
　　A single stem has sprouted from each of the bulbs.On each stem
are two leaves， which are long and narrow with a waxy texture.The
container has been moved to a sunny， but cool place.
Week 6
The stems have grown to around 20 centimetres tall and each has
produced a single flower.The flowers are yellow and white， and
shaped like trumpets.
Step 2　析寫作手法
Week 1
　　首句中使用with復合結構（with the pointed ends facing up）作狀
語，使句式表達更加簡潔。第二句中使用現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)，使
表達富于變化。
Week 3
　　第二句中使用which引導的非限制性定語從句，生動地描寫出葉
子的形態(tài)。
Week 6
首句使用并列連詞and連接上下兩分句，使表達銜接自然、流
暢。
Step 3　背出彩佳句
1. It grows 10 to 40 feet high and has enormous， broad green leaves
that are sometimes 10 feet long.
它長到10到40英尺高，有時有10英尺長的寬大的綠葉。
2. Another stem， which grows through the hollow stem， bears the
flowers and the fruits.
另一根莖，長在中空的莖上，結出花朵和果實。
3. As it grows， it slowly unfolds and shows about 100 small
blossoms， which are long and narrow and grow together in clusters
or groups.
隨著它的生長，它慢慢地展開，開出大約100朵小花，這些花又長
又窄，簇生在一起。
4. On each stem are two leaves， which are long and narrow with a
waxy texture.
每根莖上有兩片葉子，又長又窄，有如蠟一般的質地。
5. Each bunch is called a “hand” because it looks almost like a hand
with the separate bananas like fingers.
每一串都被稱為一只“手”，因為它看起來就像一只手，分開的香蕉
就像手指一樣。
2
演練佳作·寫美文
奠定寫作功底
　　仔細觀察下面有關竹子種植的圖畫，寫一篇有關竹子成長的觀察
日記。
一、審題謀篇，結構分明
第一段：植物的前段生長周期所見或所做：在每個花盆的中央種上一
粒種子，然后加水。把花盆放置在間接日照12－16小時的地方。給每
個花盆每天澆水。芽從土里冒出來。
第二段：植物的中段生長周期所見或所做：莖上有幾片又長又窄的葉
子。花盆被放置在間接日照至少6小時的地方。
第三段：植物的后段生長周期所見或所做：莖已經(jīng)長到大約30厘米
高，每根莖上都有一些綠葉。竹子從花盆中移植到開闊的土壤中。竹
子一周澆水2－3次。
二、要點陳述，語言規(guī)范
1. 在每個花盆的中央種上一粒種子。（in the center of）

2. 加水，把花盆放置在間接日照12－16小時的地方。這樣做的目
的是防止種子被曬傷。（add， protect ... from ...， 非限制性
定語從句）



A single seed has been planted in the center of each pot.　
　Water has been added and the pots have been put in a spot with
12－16 hours of indirect sunlight， the purpose of which is to
protect the seeds from burning.　
3. 每個花盆每天都澆水。（daily）

4. 莖上有幾片葉子，葉子又長又窄。（倒裝句）

5. 花盆被放置在間接日照至少6小時的地方。（at least）


6. 直接照射的陽光會灼傷竹子幼苗。（burn）

Each pot has been watered daily.　
On the stem are several leaves， which are long and narrow.　
　The pots have been placed in a location with at least 6 hours of
indirect sunlight.　
Direct sun will burn the bamboo seedlings.　
7. 確保植物得到半陽半陰的環(huán)境。（make sure）

8. 它的莖已經(jīng)長到大約30厘米高，每根莖上都有許多綠葉。（a
number of）


Make sure that the plants get about half sun， half shade.　
　The stems have grown to around 30 centimetres tall and each has
a number of green leaves.　
9. 竹子已經(jīng)被從花盆中移植到開闊的土壤中。（transplant）


　The bamboo plants have been transplanted from pots to open
soil.　
10. 新種的竹子每周要澆水2－3次。（被動語態(tài)）


　The newly-planted bamboo plants are watered 2－3 times a
week.　
三、句間銜接，過渡自然
1. 把句6和句7用適當?shù)倪B接詞進行合理地過渡。


2. 把句9和句10合并為并列句。



　Direct sun will burn the bamboo seedlings，so make sure that the
plants get about half sun， half shade.　
　The bamboo plants have been transplanted from pots to open soil
and the newly-planted bamboo plants are watered 2－3 times a
week.　
四、檢查謄寫，卷面整潔
Week 1
　　




　　 　A single seed has been planted in the center of each pot.Water
has been added and the pots have been put in a spot with 12－16 hours
of indirect sunlight， the purpose of which is to protect the seeds from
burning.Each pot has been watered daily.Before long， the sprouts
start to pop out of the soil.　
　　



Week 8
　　



　　 　To my delight， on the stem are several leaves， which are long
and narrow.The pots have been placed in a location with at least 6
hours of indirect sunlight.Direct sun will burn the bamboo seedlings，
so make sure that the plants get about half sun， half shade.　
　　 　The stems have grown to around 30 centimetres tall and each
has a number of green leaves.The bamboo plants have been
transplanted from pots to open soil and the newly-planted bamboo
plants are watered 2－3 times a week.　
Week 5
3
教材詞匯·練續(xù)寫
體現(xiàn)學以致用
情感
描寫 disgrace n.丟臉，恥辱
動作 描寫 answer the call 響應號召
drive ...away 把……趕走
suspect v.猜想，懷疑，覺得
blame v.責怪，指責；把……歸咎于
detect v.發(fā)現(xiàn)，察覺（尤指不易覺察到的事物）
link v.把……聯(lián)系起來；連接
情感
描寫 disgrace n.丟臉，恥辱
人物 描寫 distant adj.遙遠的；冷淡的；不友好的
geologist n.地質學家
legend n.傳說，傳奇（故事）
　　請從以上語料中選擇合適的詞匯，并用適當?shù)倪^渡詞完成下
面語段。
　　杰克正朝我走來，但我的新朋友們卻揚起眉毛，把背包堆在桌子
上，以至于沒有地方可以讓杰克坐下。
這種尷尬的局面使空氣凝固了。杰克看著我時，我顯得很冷漠，
低下了頭。后來，我想：“我真丟臉！當他被趕走的時候，我應該
為他說話。” 強烈的內(nèi)疚感使我意識到我是應該受到責備的人。
因此，我找到他并向他道歉。令我驚訝的是，杰克立刻就原諒了
我，并笑了起來。
　　







　　 　Jack was walking towards me，but my new friends raised their
eyebrows and piled their backpacks on the table so that there was no
space left for Jack to sit down.This awkward situation froze the air.I
was distant and lowered my head when Jack looked at me.“What a
disgrace！” I thought later，“I should have spoken up for him when
he was driven away.” With strong feelings of guilt， I realized I was
the one to blame.Therefore， I went to him and made an apology.To
my surprise， Jack forgave me at once and smiled.　
課時檢測·提能力
培育學科素養(yǎng)
4
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　Scientists have discovered how plants manage to live alongside
each other in places that are dark and shady.Plants in the deep
darkness of a thick forest， where natural supplies are not very great
in amount， won’t attempt to top their neighbors in growth as those in
moderate （中度的） shade do.In deep shade conditions， it would be
a waste of energy and harmful to survival because green shoots would
never be able to top their larger neighbors in growth.
　　So how do plants prevent such growth in deep shade conditions？
The arcanum lies in the clocks inside them， say scientists from the
John Innes Centre and the University of Bristol.
　　They have discovered that when plants notice deep shade， this
changes the expression of genes in certain parts of the circadian clock
（晝夜節(jié)律時鐘） — the internal daily timer found in plants and
other living things.These clock components perform an additional role
in preventing plants from lengthening and overtopping neighbors.
　　The work identifies a previously unknown role of the circadian
clock in controlling plant development， and the findings may have
possible effects on both natural plant populations and crops.Professor
Antony Dodd of the John Innes Centre said， “The biological clock of
plants plays a big part in their development and fitness.This work
casts new light on a new role of the circadian clock in adapting plants
to competition with other plants in their environments.” “It also gives
us new insights into how plants adapt to very deep shade， where
resources are very limited，” said Professor Kerry Franklin at the
University of Bristol.
　　This work provides evidence for the stability of the circadian
clock in stressful environments， and information that may be useful
in developing new generations of crops in a challenging climate.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了科學家們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)
了植物是如何在黑暗和陰暗的地方相互共存的。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了科學家們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)
了植物是如何在黑暗和陰暗的地方相互共存的。
1. What do plants normally do in moderate shade？
A. Struggle to preserve energy.
B. Compete for limited resources.
C. Depend on each other to survive.
D. Try to outgrow their neighbors.
解析：　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的Plants in the deep
darkness ...those in moderate （中度的） shade do.可知，在中度陰
暗的環(huán)境中，植物試圖比其旁邊的植物長得高。
2. What does the underlined word “arcanum” in Paragraph 2 mean？
A. Secret. B. Note.
C. Grammar. D. Award.
解析：　詞義猜測題。畫線詞上文提出問題——植物是如何在深
蔭條件下阻止這種生長的呢？畫線詞所在句子解釋了上文，即此處
指植物在深蔭條件下阻止這種生長的秘密在于它們內(nèi)部的時鐘。由
此可知，arcanum意為“秘密”。
3. How does the circadian clock affect plants？
A. It changes their gene expression.
B. It makes them realize light change.
C. It controls their growth in deep shade.
D. It helps them adapt to the darkness.
解析：　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，在深度陰暗的環(huán)境
中，晝夜節(jié)律時鐘能夠控制植物的生長。
4. Why does the author write the text？
A. To introduce the role of the deep shade.
B. To share a new discovery about plants.
C. To explain plants’ secret of living in the water.
D. To compare plants living in certain conditions.
解析：　寫作意圖題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段第一句可推知，
作者寫本文的目的是分享一個有關植物的新發(fā)現(xiàn)。
B
　　Open-air jazz， locally-grown vegetables， focaccia bread， goat
cheeses， and Narcan training all competed against a rainstorm last
Tuesday at Westside Farmers Market’s annual College Night.
　　And the vendors （攤販） held out pretty well.Even as the
raindrops intensified， folks kept exploring the tables stationed in the
parking lot.Among the crowd were a number of college students，
mostly from the University of Rochester， likely brought in by the
College Night awards being offered — a five-dollar token （購物
卡）， a handbag， and a prize raffle entry， all free of charge.
　　Now in its 15th year， Westside volunteer Jackie Farrell said the
market partners merely local farms， businesses， and community
groups to populate its tables.“Our mission is to serve the people in the
community， getting them health and nutrition information， and
connecting them to the farmers who grow the produce，”Farrell
said.“Everything has to be local.It’s a producer-only market， so you
have to grow or produce whatever you’re going to sell here.”Those
producers had diverse offerings.Vegetables， of course， were
abundant but sellers also had cheeses， bread， prepared pasta
dishes， and much more.
　　The community groups offering information were diverse
too.Recovery All Ways， a local nonprofit organization with a stated
“mission to support anyone affected by substance use disorder”
handed out Narcan training and trained people in its use.Their station
was next to a Moms Demand Action tent， where staffers provided
information on physical safety.SNAP-Ed nutrition and benefit
educators also ran a table.
　　The activities of the stations were accompanied by live music.The
university’s Midnight Ramblers performed， and a local jazz band
played away as the rain showers started rolling in.
　　Farrell hoped that the College Night promotion would help make
students more comfortable in crossing the bridge into the Rochester
community.“We love college students， and we keep encouraging
them that all they have to do is go across the bridge.”
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。文章介紹了西區(qū)農(nóng)貿(mào)市場一年一
度的大學之夜活動，其目的是為社區(qū)的人們服務，向他們提供健康
和營養(yǎng)信息并將他們與種植農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的農(nóng)民聯(lián)系起來。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。文章介紹了西區(qū)農(nóng)貿(mào)市場一年一
度的大學之夜活動，其目的是為社區(qū)的人們服務，向他們提供健康
和營養(yǎng)信息并將他們與種植農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的農(nóng)民聯(lián)系起來。
5. What attracted college students to the College Night？
A. Free prizes. B. Scenery in the rain.
C. Interesting books. D. Featured goods.
解析：　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的Among the crowd were ...
all free of charge.可知，大學生參加大學之夜活動可能是被該活動
提供的免費獎品吸引來的。
6. What is the characteristic of Westside Farmers Market？
A. It is managed by farmers themselves.
B. Its visitors are mostly university students.
C. Its offerings are locally grown or prepared.
D. Farmers provide more vegetables than corn.
解析：　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的Everything has to be
local ... to sell here.可知，西區(qū)農(nóng)貿(mào)市場的特色是一切都必須是本地
化的，人們必須種植或生產(chǎn)要在這里銷售的任何東西，即它的出售
物是在當?shù)胤N植或準備的。
7. Which of the following can best describe the College Night？
A. Crowded and chaotic.
B. Busy and festive.
C. Luxurious and splendid.
D. Romantic and peaceful.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容和第二段中的Even as
the ... exploring the tables以及倒數(shù)第三段中的Their station was
next to ... on physical safety.可知，在活動中人們很忙碌；根據(jù)倒數(shù)
第二段中的The activities of the ... band played away可知，該活動
還有音樂演奏，很喜慶。
8. What might be a suitable title for the text？
A. Westside Farmers Market is Flowering Rapidly
B. College Night Channels Products into the Communit
C. College Night Bridges University and the Communit
D. Westside Farmers Market is Expanding Nationwide
解析：　標題歸納題。通讀全文可知，文章介紹了大學之夜活
動，其目的是為社區(qū)的人們服務，向他們提供健康和營養(yǎng)信息并將
他們與種植農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的農(nóng)民聯(lián)系起來；該活動也被希望能幫助學生們
更舒服地融入社區(qū)。故C項（大學之夜連接大學和社區(qū)）適合作本
文的標題。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　Whether they are furry， feathered or scaly （有鱗屑的）， the
non-human members of your family help you in more ways than you
know. 　9　.
　　They keep you active.If you have a dog， the chances are that
you’re walking it at least 30 minutes a day， and likely more — an
activity that goes a long way towards keeping you fit.
　　They boost your immune system.Growing up indoors in
disinfected spaces later causes our bodies to overreact to harmless
substances， making us more likely to be allergic.As is often the
case， pets have muddy paws， abundant fur and affection for licking
（舔） us. 　10　.
　　They lower your risk of a fatal heart attack.Researchers found
that cat owners had a 30 per cent lower risk of dying of a heart
attack. 　11　.The researchers assumed — and most cat owners would
agree — that cats’ unbothered nature has a calming effect.Spending
time with any pet lowers stress， an important contributor to heart
disease.
　　They help you manage a chronic disease. 　12　， animals
always keep their owners busy and that can be a good thing for chronic
disease sufferers of all types.When distracted from the pain， they will
perceive less pain， and therefore they are in less pain.
　　 　13　.Studies have shown that pet ownership is beneficial for
people with depression， anxiety， PTSD and other long-term mental
health conditions.Pet owners themselves report that their animal pals
benefit them mentally a lot， like providing emotional support and
helping them form social bonds.
A. They also improve your mental health
B. They contribute a lot to our strong body
C. With the considerate care from the owners
D. Here are some ways that your pet pal benefits you
E. With their regular need for feeding， walks and play
F. They introduce more bacterial diversity that our body adapts to
G. But you may wonder how it comes about without taking a cat for
walks
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了養(yǎng)寵物的好處。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了養(yǎng)寵物的好處。
9. D　根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容可知，這些非人類的家庭成員會在超出你所知道
的更多方面幫助你；結合后面幾段的首句可知，該空在文中起著承上
啟下的作用，D項（這里有一些你的寵物朋友給你帶來好處的方式）
符合語境。
10. F　該段講述寵物能增強你的免疫系統(tǒng)，根據(jù)空前的pets have
muddy paws， abundant fur and affection for licking （舔） us可知，
該空應描述這種狀況對我們免疫系統(tǒng)的好處。F項（它們引入了我們
身體所能適應的更多細菌種類）符合語境。
11. G　該空后面的unbothered nature has a calming effect是解題的關
鍵，指的是貓高冷的天性有冷靜作用，由此可推出，空處會說你可能
想知道在不遛貓的情況下貓主人死于心臟病的風險低30％是怎么發(fā)生
的，故G項符合語境。G項中的it指代上文的cat owners ... heart
attack。
12. E　根據(jù)該空后面的內(nèi)容animals always keep their owners busy可
知，該空應描述使主人們忙碌的原因，故E項符合語境，此處表示由
于寵物們需要規(guī)律的喂食、散步和玩耍，它們總是讓主人們很忙。
13. A　該空處于段首，應為段落主旨句；又根據(jù)該段后面的內(nèi)容
Studies have shown that ... other long-term mental health
conditions.可知，該空應描述寵物幫助改善人們的心理健康狀
況。故A項符合語境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　Early in my teaching career， I heard countless excuses — most
of them amusing — for why students didn’t have their
homework.“The dog ate it” was one of them.As time passed， I
grew 　14　 of hearing “I don’t have my homework because ...”.So I
quit accepting any excuse.
　　When I was 　15　 to another school， I took my
straightforward attitude with me.“No excuses， no extensions！” I
warned my eighth graders on the first day.When a student didn’t have
the homework， I never asked why. 　16　， I sighed loudly， shook
my head in disgust and recorded a zero.
　　One afternoon， shortly after the 　17　 bell rang，
Anthony 　18　 me.“Could I talk to you for a minute？” he asked
shyly.“I know what you said about our homework， but I don’t want
you to think I’m a slacker （偷懶的人） because I come to
school 　19　 mine so often.”
　　Anthony looked up at me， and I could see that his lower lip was
shaking.“It’s just that ... Well， my dad moved out， and my mom
works at night， so I have to look after my little brothers.Sometimes
they cry a lot， which makes it hard to 　20　.”
　　I put my hand on Anthony’s thin shoulder.“Why are you just now
telling me ...，”I stopped in mid-sentence.I knew why.So I 　21　 the
question，“Would it help if you stay here after school and work on
it？”
　　He swallowed hard and 　22　.
　　The next day， I announced to all my students that I’d be offering
an after-school study hall.Anthony was the first to 　23　.Several days
later， Terrell joined him， 　24　 by twins Sandy and Randy.Before
long， I had a room full of eighth graders to work on their lessons.I
never asked why any of them were there， but I soon had a
large 　25　 of “I don’t have my homework because ...”stories.All
were very 　26　.None of them were amusing.
　　The things I learned weren’t taught in college.I discovered not all
kids come from homes that are safe and 　27　.Not all kids have a
quiet bedroom with a desk and a table lamp.Some don’t have a home
where a parent is even around.And some kids do go to
bed 　28　.Most importantly， I learned that “I’ll listen”works better
than “No excuses”.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。在教學生涯之初，作者不接受
學生任何沒有完成作業(yè)的借口。但調動工作后，作者嘗試著去了解
沒有完成作業(yè)的學生的情況，發(fā)現(xiàn)并不是每個學生都生活在安全溫
暖的家庭中。
14. A. ashamed B. scared
C. tired D. informed
解析：　根據(jù)下文的I quit accepting any excuse可知，作者之所
以不再接受學生任何沒有完成作業(yè)的借口，是因為作者厭倦了這
些借口。grow tired of為固定短語，意為“對……厭倦”。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。在教學生涯之初，作者不接受
學生任何沒有完成作業(yè)的借口。但調動工作后，作者嘗試著去了解
沒有完成作業(yè)的學生的情況，發(fā)現(xiàn)并不是每個學生都生活在安全溫
暖的家庭中。
15. A. transferred B. transplanted
C. transported D. transformed
解析：　根據(jù)空后的to another school可知，此處是指作者被調
到了另一所學校任教。transfer 意為“（使）調動；轉職；改變
（環(huán)境）”。
16. A. However B. Afterward
C. Moreover D. Instead
解析：　根據(jù)空前的When a student didn’t have the
homework， I never asked why.和空后的I sighed loudly， shook
my head in disgust and recorded a zero可知，此處是指對沒有完成
作業(yè)的學生作者從不問原因，而是大聲地嘆息、厭惡地搖頭并直
接給零分。
17. A. dismissal B. removal
C. approval D. arrival
解析：　根據(jù)語境并結合常識可知，這個學生應該是在下課鈴
響后找作者談話的。dismissal作為名詞有“解散”之意，在此表示
下課鈴響后。
18. A. occupied B. greeted
C. waved D. approached
解析：　根據(jù)空后的Could I talk to you for a minute？可知，
Anthony要找老師談話，需要靠近老師。approach意為“在距離或
時間上靠近，接近”。
19. A. with B. without C. for D. on
解析：　根據(jù)語境可知，此處指Anthony經(jīng)常不帶自己的作業(yè)到
學校。without 意為“不用；不拿；不帶”。
20. A. tolerate B. concentrate
C. balance D. survive
解析：　根據(jù)空前的so I have to look after my little
brothers.Sometimes they cry a lot可知，Anthony要照顧弟弟們且
弟弟們有時哭鬧，所以集中精力（寫作業(yè)）是很難的。
concentrate 意為“集中（注意力），聚精會神”。
21. A. extended B. refreshed
C. changed D. updated
解析：　根據(jù)空前的I stopped in mid-sentence.I knew why并結
合空后的Would it help if you stay here after school and work on
it？可知，作者說了半句就停下了，接著又改變了問題。
22. A. nodded B. shook
C. weighed D. understood
解析：　根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知，Anthony接受了作者的提議，此處
是指他點了點頭。
23. A. give up B. put up
C. show up D. take up
解析：　根據(jù)空前的The next day， I announced to all my
students that I’d be offering an after-school study hall.可知，作者
向所有的學生宣布，自己將提供一個課后自習室；并結合空后的
Several days later， Terrell joined him可知，Anthony是第一個出
現(xiàn)在這里的。show up 意為“出現(xiàn)；露面”。
24. A. followed B. surrounded
C. separated D. impressed
解析：　根據(jù)語境可知，此處是指Terrell加入之后，緊接著雙胞
胎Sandy和Randy也加入了在課后自習室學習的隊伍中。
25. A. combination B. description
C. prediction D. collection
解析：　根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，此處指作者很快收集到大量的學
生沒有寫完作業(yè)的理由。collection意為“一批物品”。
26. A. imaginary B. fictional
C. rigid D. real
解析：　根據(jù)空后的None of them were amusing.可知，此處指
學生給出的沒有完成作業(yè)的理由都是真實的。
27. A. rich B. warm C. simple D. sound
解析：　根據(jù)空前的safe并結合發(fā)生在Anthony身上的故事可
知，此處指不是所有的孩子都來自一個安全溫暖的家庭。
28. A. happily B. guiltily
C. hungrily D. irregularly
解析：　根據(jù)空前的not all kids come from homes that are
safe ...don’t have a home where a parent is even around可知，此處
指一些孩子餓著肚子就上床睡覺了。
Ⅳ.語法填空
　　Scientists in Australia have found that honeybees seem to
understand the idea of zero.This is 　29　 （surprise） since bees
have very small brains.So far only a few animals with larger
brains 　30　 （show） this skill.And humans don’t 　31　 （usual）
understand it until they’re around four years old.
　　The scientists created 　32　 experiment to test whether
honeybees understood the idea of “zero” or not.First， they trained
the bees by rewarding 　33　 （they） with sugar water for choosing
smaller numbers.The scientists hung up cards with different numbers
of shapes.Under each card was a tray （盤子）.The tray under the
smaller number had sugar water.The tray under the larger number
had something sour.After about forty 　34　 （test）， the bees had
learned to choose the cards with smaller numbers of shapes.The bees
knew how to look at the cards， “count” the shapes on each card，
and choose the card 　35　 had the fewest shapes.
Then came the interesting part.The scientists put out a card with
nothing on it — zero shapes.When given a choice between two or three
shapes 　36　 “zero” shapes， bees picked zero.This showed they
knew that zero， or “none”， was 　37　 （little） than “some”.Just
to be sure， the scientists trained other bees 　38　 （choose） large
numbers.Those bees did not choose zero.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了澳大利亞的科學家
通過實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)蜜蜂似乎理解“零”的概念。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了澳大利亞的科學家
通過實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)蜜蜂似乎理解“零”的概念。
29. surprising　考查詞形轉換。空處應用形容詞作表語，表示“令人
驚訝的”。故填surprising。
30. have shown　考查動詞的時態(tài)和主謂一致。由句中的時間狀語So
far 可知，應用現(xiàn)在完成時；主語only a few animals為復數(shù)形式，故
填have shown。
31. usually　考查詞形轉換。空處修飾整個句子，應用副詞作狀語。
故填usually。
32. an　考查冠詞。此處泛指一次實驗，且experiment的發(fā)音以元音
音素開頭，故填an。
33. them　考查代詞。空處作rewarding的賓語，應用代詞的賓格形
式。故填them。
34. tests　考查名詞的單復數(shù)。空前的forty為數(shù)詞，后接可數(shù)名詞的
復數(shù)形式。故填tests。
35. which/that　考查定語從句。分析句子結構可知，空處引導定語從
句，修飾先行詞the card，且關系詞在定語從句中作主語。故填
which/that。
36. and　考查連詞。between ... and ... 為固定結構，表示“在……
和……之間”。故填and。
37. less　考查形容詞的比較級。根據(jù)語境可知，空處表示“更少”，應
用形容詞的比較級形式，故填less。
38. to choose　考查非謂語動詞。train sb/sth to do sth表示“訓練某人/
某物做某事”。故填to choose。
Ⅴ.讀后續(xù)寫
　　閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構
成一篇完整的短文。
　　The little bird perched （棲息） itself on the tree branch outside
Vanessa’s bedroom window.It sang an energetic song as the first pale
yellow rays of sunshine emerged from the horizon.
　　“Oh， what is that noise？” Vanessa complained to herself，
pulling her bed sheet over her head in an attempt to block the sound
from outside.It was no use， and she knew it because the loud
birdsong signalled the coming of the day.A few moments later，
Vanessa’s mom knocked on her door， and then came in with a
smile.“Time to get up， Sleepyhead，” she whispered.“The early bird
catches the worm， you know.”
　　“Ugh， what does that even mean？” asked Vanessa， with a
pillow covering her face.“It’s just an expression， honey，” her mom
replied.She gave Vanessa a kiss on the cheek and urged her to get out
of bed.Vanessa rolled over and slept for a few more minutes.
　　Vanessa walked slowly downstairs， had breakfast slowly and
missed her bus.When she finally got to school， she had to get a late
pass.She missed the first part of math class， so she didn’t understand
the lesson and had to get extra help.Her teacher gave her extra
homework to make sure she knew it.This day was no fun.
　　The next morning， Vanessa was woken up by the same
birdsong.Instead of ignoring it， Vanessa walked over to the window
and opened the curtains.Soft light filled the room.“Well， hello
there， little fellow，” she said when she saw the pretty bird outside，
still singing happily.Suddenly， the bird flew down to land on the
fresh grass.As she watched， the bird picked up a worm for
breakfast.Vanessa seemed to instantly understand what her mother
meant when she said “The early bird catches the worm”.
注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應為150左右；
2. 請按如下格式作答。
　　She raced through breakfast and caught the bus. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　At lunchtime， Vanessa finished her lunch early and had time
to go to the library. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
參考范文：
　　She raced through breakfast and caught the bus.She was one of
the first kids to enter her classroom.Her teacher reminded her that
there were only a few spots left in the Robotics Club， and if she was
interested， she needed to sign up right away.Vanessa was very
interested！ She wrote her name down in one of the last spaces happily
and smiled to herself.
　　At lunchtime， Vanessa finished her lunch early and had time to
go to the library.The librarian was stacking some new books that had
just arrived.One of them was the sequel to a great story Vanessa had
just finished.She was the first one to check it out！ Later， when the
gym teacher asked for volunteers， Vanessa put her hand up
immediately and was chosen to be the captain of the softball
team.“Wow， it sounds like you had a great day， Vanessa，” her
mom said later when Vanessa told her all about it at
dinnertime.“Yes.Just call me the early bird，” said Vanessa， with a
satisfied smile.
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