資源簡介

UNIT 6　Nurturing nature
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
維度一：品句填詞
1.In addition to the beautiful 　　　　　　（景色）， the poem conveys the poet’s affection for a young lady.
2.Standing in front of the 　　　　　　（壯麗的） building， the young man was very excited.
3.We talked together， we spent our 　　　　　　（空閑） time together， and except for school and work， we were never apart.
4.The Bird’s Nest in Beijing is a famous 　　　　　　　（地標(biāo)） of our capital.
5.While they were crossing the river， a 　　　　　（巨大的） rock fell off the mountain.
6.The woman decided to wear a pair of glasses to avoid r　　　　　　 while working at the computer.
7.W　　　　　　 in the street， we were astonished at the dramatic change of the small town.
維度二：詞形轉(zhuǎn)換
1.There is concern that the 　　　　　　（construct） company that built the tower block had not followed fire safety rules.
2.In the coming three years， our school life will be 　　　　　　（challenge） and you will try to adapt to your new life.
3.More staff are needed to meet the demands of the people who are 　　　　　　（concern） about their physical well-being.
4.With the widespread use of the Internet， communications across the world have developed 　　　　　　（steady）.
5.The boy was sitting in his chair 　　　　　　（leisure）， absorbed in the magazine he was reading.
6.They all think he is one of the most wonderful 　　　　　　（magic） in the world.
7.Their inventions have contributed to the development of electrical 　　　　　　（engineer）.
維度三：固定搭配和句式
1.They would rather spend time reading than wandering in the street 　　　　　　（空閑時(shí)）.
2.How to deal with the situation was 　　　　　　　　　　　　（最關(guān)心的問題之一）.
3.The moment a tourist enters the forest， one amazing view after another will 　　　　　　　（引起他的注意）.
4.It is my honour to be here to share with you my opinions on 　　　　　　　　　（要學(xué)習(xí)什么） in senior high school.
5.The 30th sports meeting 　　　　　　　　　　（下周舉行的） is sure to be a great success.
6.Adapted from Milan Trenc’s novel， the film Night at the Museum 　　　　　　　　　　（使……更生動(dòng)） a world where dinosaurs wander the earth.
維度四：課文語法填空
　　Many foreign experts claimed the Qinghai-Tibet Railway was “impossible”.It takes years 1.　　　　　　　　 （complete） the Qinghai-Tibet Railway， which is a record of all of our efforts to overcome the most difficult engineering 2.　　　　　　　 （challenge）.How to protect the delicate ecosystem was 3.　　　　　　 the top concerns.
　　In order to protect wild animals， thirty-three passages 4.　　　　　　　　 （build） under the railway to allow the animals to move safely and 5.　　　　　　 （free） in their natural habitat.6.　　　　　　　 （prevent） damage to wetlands and grasslands， 675 bridges with a total length of about 160 kilometres were built between Golmud 7.　　　　　　 Lhasa.140，000 square metres of wetland 8.　　　　　　　　 （move） to a new area in order to protect its distinct ecosystem.To make sure the workers stayed healthy， several oxygen-making stations were constructed.The workers also 9.　　　　　 （enjoy） regular breaks in lower areas.To protect Cuona Lake， thousands and thousands of sandbags were used to build a twenty-kilometre wall along the lake to protect it 10.　　　　　 construction waste.
　　I am proud that we built our “impossible” railway in the world with the care that the environment deserves.
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　Set 40 kilometers northeast of the city of Ambatondrazaka， the Zahamena National Park’s landscape consists of valleys surrounded by a flowing mountain range.
　　It has an overall land coverage of 64，300 hectares， but only 42，000 hectares is open to the public due to strict conservation （環(huán)境保護(hù)） reasons.It receives an average yearly rainfall level of about 6 feet and experiences frequent rain showers even during the dry season between April and October.
　　One really interesting thing about the Zahamena National Park is that the unique territory of its highland has paved the way for the development of several ecosystems that exist at the same time in this park.This is the reason why the types of wildlife living in one area are different in another， which makes it quite exciting to explore.
　　This protected area is divided into two parts， with a separate piece of land in the middle where many small villages are situated.These villages are inhabited （居住） by the members of the Sihanaka and Betsimisaraka ethnic groups.
　　The Zahamena National Park gets its name from the local Zahana Mena tree， an uncommon type of hardwood that grows in the lower regions of this protected area.It is characterized by its resilient （堅(jiān)韌的） wood that can be rather challenging to cut， join， shape and carve even with modern tools.
　　Established as a strict natural highland reserve in 1927 （and one of the first of its kind in all of Madagascar）， the Zahamena National Park was officially given its national park status （地位） in 1997 and was eventually opened to the public.Due to its remarkable territory and unique biodiversity， this national park was later listed as a key part of the collective UNESCO World Heritage Site called the Rainforests of the Atsinanana in 2007.
1.What can we learn about the Zahamena National Park？
A.It is surrounded by the city of Ambatondrazaka.
B.It receives little rainfall during the dry season.
C.It is partially open to the public.
D.It is divided into three parts.
2.What has contributed to several ecosystems in the Zahamena National Park？
A.The strict conservation rules.
B.The unique weather conditions.
C.The special territory of its highland.
D.The influence of several local villages.
3.What is the Zahamena National Park named after？
A.An ethnic group.　　　
B.A type of local tree.
C.A traditional tool.
D.A nearby city.
4.What is the text mainly about？
A.A brief introduction to the Zahamena National Park.
B.A complete guide to visiting the Zahamena National Park.
C.Details of Zahamena National Park’s great efforts in conservation.
D.Reasons for Zahamena National Park becoming a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
B
　　Ho Khanh is a middle-aged farmer， living in a village on the edge of Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park in Vietnam.What is special about him is that he has discovered Son Doong， the largest cave in the world.
　　“I first found the cave about thirty years ago， in 1991，” he says.“I was out collecting firewood near the national park.My family were very poor， so I decided to go deeper into the forest to find some aloe， which is very valuable.Not many people went that far into the forest because they were afraid of the wild animals.”
　　Soon Khanh lost his way.“I sat down with my back to a huge round rock，” he says.“Then I heard the sound of a strong wind and running water coming from behind me.”He found the entrance to a huge cave， with a wide river coming out of it.Khanh thought he was walking into a great cave.With no ropes or lights， he did not go further into it.
　　Khanh’s story spread like wildfire， but not everyone believed him.“I wanted to prove that I was telling the truth， but I couldn’t remember the way to the cave.” Then one morning early in the winter of 2006， a group of cavers from Britain came to ask Khanh for help， as they had heard about his discovery fifteen years before.
　　Khanh agreed to help the team to find the cave， but after three days in the jungle， they lost their way.“I just couldn’t remember where it was，” he says.The team came back twice， but each time they were beaten by the thick jungle.Finally the cavers left.
　　In 2009， Khanh headed to the jungle one cold winter’s morning.“I stopped by a big round rock，” he says.“There was the same strong wind， the sound of water running — I knew I’d found the cave at long last.” Soon the British cavers returned and followed Khanh on a six-hour trip deep into the jungle.On 14 April they found Son Doong.
5.Ho Khanh first discovered Son Doong when he was 　　　　.
A.looking for aloe
B.collecting firewood
C.catching some animals
D.cutting down trees in the forest
6.What did the British cavers think of Ho Khanh’s story？
A.They doubted it.
B.They believed it.
C.They were uncertain of it.
D.They had little interest in it.
7.How long did it take for Ho Khanh to find Son Doong again？
A.One year. B.Three years.
C.Fifteen years. D.Eighteen years.
8.What is the text mainly about？
A.How Son Doong was discovered.
B.How Son Doong got its name.
C.A young farmer in Vietnam.
D.A national park in Vietnam.
C
　　How does an ecosystem work？What makes the populations of different species the way they are？Why are there so many flies and so few wolves？To find an answer， scientists have built mathematical models of food webs， noting who eats whom and how much each one eats.
　　With such models， scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs.Most food webs， for instance， consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones.When a predator （掠食動(dòng)物） always eats huge numbers of a single prey （獵物）， the two species are strongly linked； when a predator lives on various species， they are weakly linked.Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term.If a predator can eat several species， it can survive the extinction of one of them.And if a predator can move on to another species that is easier to find when a prey species becomes rare， the switch allows the original prey to recover.The weak links may thus keep species from driving one another to extinction.
　　Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable， where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems.In the 1960s， scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species — including species they did not directly attack.
　　And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true.In the ocean， we fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale， while on land， we killed off large predators such as wolves.These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.
　　Scientists have built an early-warning system based on mathematical models.Ideally， the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline.Prevention is key， scientists say， because once ecosystems pass their tipping point （臨界點(diǎn)）， it is remarkably difficult for them to return.
9.A strong link is found between two species when a predator 　　　　.
A.has a wide food choice
B.can easily find new prey
C.sticks to one prey species
D.can quickly move to another place
10.What will happen if the populations of top predators in a food web greatly decline？
A.The prey species they directly attack will die out.
B.The species they indirectly attack will turn into top predators.
C.The living environment of other species will remain unchanged.
D.The populations of other species will experience unexpected changes.
11.What conclusion can be drawn from the examples in Paragraph 4？
A.Uncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems.
B.Rapid economic development threatens animal habitats.
C.Species of commercial value dominate other species.
D.Industrial activities help keep food webs stable.
12.How does an early-warning system help us maintain the ecological balance？
A.By getting illegal practices under control.
B.By stopping us from killing large predators.
C.By bringing the broken-down ecosystems back to normal.
D.By signaling the urgent need for taking preventive action.
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　Countries around the world are stepping up their efforts to fight global warming.If we don’t reduce CO2 emissions， ice caps will disappear， deserts will expand and extreme weather will become more and more common.　13　.Here are four high-impact actions.
　　Commit yourself to eating less meat.
　　The global livestock （牲畜） industry contributes as many greenhouse gases as every single car， truck， and airplane in the world.　14　.It is one of the best ways you can cut your carbon footprint.
　　Consider your clothes.
　　Fashion is actually the second most polluting industry in the world.Low cost， readily accessible solutions are at hand for us consumers.They include： Buy less.　15　.Choose ethical （合乎道德的） brands when you are purchasing something new.Buy second-hand things， or exchange them.
　　　16　.
　　The aviation （航空） industry is only responsible for about 5％ of man-made global warming.Taking the train is a much greener way to travel.And if you really must fly， you should consider offsetting your carbon footprint by donating to a project that aims to reduce CO2 elsewhere.
　　Take public transport， walk or cycle.
　　Use electric cars.Over their lifetime they emit almost three times less CO2 than a petrol or diesel car.You can make a difference by choosing to walk or cycle for shorter journeys.Try to spend most time walking， cycling or taking public transport.　17　.You could combine two trips into one journey， or look at carpooling with friends or colleagues.
A.Cut down on air travel
B.Keep away from colourful clothes
C.Limit the time you spend behind the wheel
D.Even if you don’t give up meat entirely， adopt a plant-based diet
E.It’s a global problem， but we can all make a difference
F.The most sustainable piece is the one you have already bought
G.Persuade people in your community to eat less meat for a better environment
13.　　　　　　14.　　　　　　15.　　　　
16.　　　 17.　　　
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)自測
維度一
1.scenery　2.splendid　3.leisure　4.landmark　5.massive
6.radiation　7.Wandering
維度二
1.construction　2.challenging　3.concerned　4.steadily
5.leisurely　6.magicians　7.engineering
維度三
1.at their leisure
2.among the top concerns
3.catch his eye
4.what to learn
5.to take place next week
6.brings to life
維度四
1.to complete　2.challenges　3.among　4.have been built　5.freely　6.To prevent　7.and　8.was moved　9.enjoyed　10.from
素養(yǎng)能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了馬達(dá)加斯加的扎哈米納國家公園。
1.C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，該公園由于受到嚴(yán)格保護(hù)，只有部分地區(qū)向公眾開放。
2.C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句可知，該公園獨(dú)特的山地為生態(tài)多樣性的發(fā)展提供了有利的條件。
3.B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句可知，該國家公園得名于當(dāng)?shù)氐脑芳{樹。
4.A　主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章主要從地理位置、公園特點(diǎn)以及名字來源等方面介紹了馬達(dá)加斯加的扎哈米納國家公園。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了越南農(nóng)民Ho Khanh發(fā)現(xiàn)世界上最大洞穴“韓松洞”的經(jīng)過。
5.A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的My family were very poor， so I decided to go deeper into the forest to find some aloe ...可知，Ho Khanh進(jìn)入森林深處是想找些蘆薈，結(jié)果碰巧發(fā)現(xiàn)了“韓松洞”。
6.B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的a group of cavers from Britain came to ask Khanh for help可知，這些來自英國的探察洞穴者相信Ho Khanh的故事。
7.D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的I first found the cave about thirty years ago， in 1991和最后一段中的In 2009， Khanh headed to the jungle one cold winter’s morning.可知，Ho Khanh再次找到“韓松洞”是在18年之后。
8.A　主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中的What is special about him is that he has discovered Son Doong， the largest cave in the world.可知，文章主要講述了越南農(nóng)民Ho Khanh發(fā)現(xiàn)世界上最大的洞穴“韓松洞”的經(jīng)過。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇科普類說明文。為了弄清楚生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，科學(xué)家們建立了數(shù)學(xué)模型，通過模型發(fā)現(xiàn)不同層次的物種之間的依存關(guān)系，而人類作為最高層的掠食動(dòng)物，其一舉一動(dòng)都會(huì)影響整個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。
9.C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的When a predator （掠食動(dòng)物） always eats huge numbers of a single prey （獵物）， the two species are strongly linked可知，如果某種掠食動(dòng)物總是吃一種獵物，那么它們之間的聯(lián)系就很緊密。
10.D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，頂端掠食動(dòng)物數(shù)量的細(xì)小變化都會(huì)給整個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)帶來大變化。
11.A　推理判斷題。第四段開頭說，無計(jì)劃的人類活動(dòng)已經(jīng)證明頂端掠食動(dòng)物能自上而下地控制其他物種，然后說到人類對(duì)海洋和陸地的頂端掠食動(dòng)物的捕殺，這些行為極大地影響了生態(tài)平衡。因此A項(xiàng)（失控的人類活動(dòng)極大地?cái)_亂了生態(tài)系統(tǒng)）是對(duì)這一段最好的總結(jié)。
12.D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，“早期預(yù)警系統(tǒng)”是以數(shù)學(xué)模型為基礎(chǔ)建立的，能告訴我們什么時(shí)候應(yīng)該改變?nèi)祟惏焉鷳B(tài)系統(tǒng)逼向崩潰的活動(dòng)，然后說“預(yù)防是關(guān)鍵”。因此早期預(yù)警系統(tǒng)通過表明采取預(yù)防措施的迫切需要來幫助我們維持生態(tài)平衡。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了為保護(hù)全球環(huán)境，阻止氣候變暖，作為個(gè)人如何減少碳足跡。
13.E　根據(jù)下句Here are four high-impact actions.可知，此處應(yīng)鼓勵(lì)人們采取行動(dòng)，共同為阻止全球變暖而努力。
14.D　根據(jù)上句可知，全球畜牧業(yè)與每輛汽車、每輛卡車、每架飛機(jī)排放的溫室氣體一樣多，因此作者建議人們采取以植物為主的飲食，這有助于減少溫室氣體的排放。
15.F　根據(jù)上句可知，最好的做法就是少買衣服，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)所表達(dá)的意思符合語境。
16.A　本段介紹了減少乘坐飛機(jī)的次數(shù)也利于緩解全球變暖，建議人們乘坐火車出行，因此本段的主題句是A項(xiàng)。
17.C　上句作者建議多步行、騎自行車或乘坐公共交通工具，暗示人們盡量少開車。
5 / 5Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
The Sky Railway
　　[1]Sitting back in my seat， I can’t quite believe that I’m about to① travel along the railway [2]that many foreign experts claimed was “impossible”.The train has been racing along steadily② since it left Xining.All this time， the song “Sky Railway” has been playing inside my head.The words “railways like massive③ dragons are winding among the mountains” seem particularly vivid④ as I travel across the “roof of the world”.
　　[1]Sitting back ...為動(dòng)詞-ing短語作時(shí)間狀語，相當(dāng)于When I sit back in my seat。
　　[2]that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞railway。
　　I was one of the people [3]who came from all parts of China to work on this railway.[4]Taking years to complete， the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is a record of all of our efforts to overcome the most difficult engineering challenges⑤.[5]How to protect the delicate⑥ ecosystem was among the top concerns⑦.
　　[3]who引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞people。
　　[4]Taking years ...為動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語。
　　[5]“疑問詞＋動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語。
　　The first landmark⑧ [6]to catch my eye⑨ is the splendid⑩ Qingshuihe Bridge， the world’s longest bridge [7]built over permafrost .Look！ A group of Tibetan antelopes is moving under the bridge， with some stopping to eat grass at their leisure .Thirty-three passages have been built under the railway [8]to allow the animals to move safely and freely in their natural habitat.Wild animals such as these Tibetan antelopes have now been using these passages for years.They seem totally unaware that we are speeding past at over 100 kilometres an hour.
　　[6]to catch my eye為動(dòng)詞不定式短語作后置定語，修飾landmark。
　　[7]built over ...為動(dòng)詞-ed形式作后置定語，修飾bridge。
　　[8]to allow ...為動(dòng)詞不定式短語作目的狀語。
　　[9]To prevent damage to wetlands and grasslands ， 675 bridges with a total length of about 160 kilometres were built between Golmud and Lhasa.We even moved 140，000 square metres of wetland to a new area in order to protect its distinct ecosystem .
　　[9]To prevent damage ...為動(dòng)詞不定式短語作目的狀語。
　　The journey has been flying by ， and before I know it， we have reached Tanggula Station.[10]Located at over 5，000 metres above sea level， this is the highest railway station in the world.In locations such as this， [11]the thin air， changeable weather and high levels of UV radiation presented perhaps the greatest challenge for railway workers.[12]To make sure we stayed healthy， several oxygen-making stations were constructed .We were also able to enjoy regular breaks in lower areas.
　　[10]Located at ...為動(dòng)詞-ed形式作狀語。
　　[11]the thin air， changeable weather and ...為并列主語。
　　[12]To make sure ...為動(dòng)詞不定式短語作目的狀語。
　　[13]As we pass Cuona Lake， I feel a sense of pride and achievement.[14]Using thousands and thousands of sandbags， we built a twenty-kilometre wall along the lake to protect it from construction waste.Cuona Lake is [15]so close to the railway that I want to reach out and touch its pale blue mirror-like surface.Water birds playing in the lake， and cattle and sheep wandering the grasslands bring the scenery to life .
　　[13]As引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，意為“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”。
　　[14]Using thousands ...為動(dòng)詞-ing短語作狀語。
　　[15]so ...that ...引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。
　　The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has been attracting people’s admiration for centuries.Now， thanks to our efforts， passengers from all over the country have been enjoying these magical landscapes .I am proud that we built our “impossible” railway， and did so with the care that the environment deserves .It truly is an extraordinary “Sky Railway”.
【讀文清障】
①be about to
即將；剛要；正打算
②steadily adv.平穩(wěn)地
③massive adj.巨大的
④vivid adj.生動(dòng)的；逼真的
⑤overcome the challenges克服挑戰(zhàn)
⑥delicate adj.脆弱的
⑦among the top concerns 最關(guān)心的問題之一
⑧l(xiāng)andmark n.地標(biāo)
⑨catch one’s eye 引起某人的注意
⑩splendid adj.壯麗的
permafrost n.永久凍土層
Tibetan adj.西藏的
antelope n.羚羊
leisure n.空閑，閑暇
at one’s leisure 空閑時(shí)
passage n.通道；走廊；通路
unaware adj.不知道的，無意識(shí)的；未察覺到的
wetland n.濕地
grassland n.草原
distinct adj.獨(dú)特的；明顯的
ecosystem n.生態(tài)系統(tǒng)
fly by 飛逝
radiation n.輻射
construct v.建造，修建
thousands and thousands of 成千上萬的
protect ...from ...保護(hù)……免受……
mirror-like adj.如鏡面般的
wander v.徘徊
scenery n.風(fēng)景，景色
bring ...to life 使……更生動(dòng)；使……蘇醒過來
plateau n.高原
thanks to 幸虧；由于；因?yàn)?br/> landscape n.風(fēng)景，景色；風(fēng)景畫，山水畫
deserve v.應(yīng)受，應(yīng)得
extraordinary adj.非凡的；特別的
【參考譯文】
天　路
　　靠坐在火車的座位上，我仍然不敢相信，我將要沿著許多外國專家聲稱“不可能建成”的鐵路開始一段旅程。火車從西寧出發(fā)，向前平穩(wěn)行駛。一路上，我的腦海中不斷回響起《天路》這首歌曲。當(dāng)火車開過“世界屋脊”時(shí)，“一條條巨龍翻山越嶺”的歌詞變得更加生動(dòng)鮮活起來。
　　修建青藏鐵路的工人來自全國各地，而我就是其中之一。它歷時(shí)數(shù)年建成，凝聚著我們攻克種種工程難題的全部心血。其中，如何保護(hù)脆弱的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是需要我們高度重視的問題之一。
　　最先映入我眼簾的地標(biāo)性建筑是壯觀的清水河大橋，它是世界上最長的高原凍土鐵路橋。看！一群藏羚羊正從橋下走過，有的則停下來悠閑地吃草。鐵路橋下修建了33條野生動(dòng)物通道，讓動(dòng)物得以在自然棲息地中安全自由地通行。就像現(xiàn)在的這群藏羚羊一樣，野生動(dòng)物們使用這些通道已有數(shù)年，它們似乎完全沒有意識(shí)到我們正以每小時(shí)100多千米的速度呼嘯而過。
　　為了避免破壞濕地和草原，我們?cè)诟駹柲竞屠_之間建造了675座大橋，總長度約160千米。我們甚至將一塊14萬平方米的濕地遷往一個(gè)新的區(qū)域，以保護(hù)其獨(dú)特的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。
　　火車一路疾馳，還沒等我反應(yīng)過來，就已經(jīng)到達(dá)了唐古拉車站。它位于海拔5，000多米的地方，是世界上海拔最高的火車站。在這樣的高海拔環(huán)境中，氧氣稀薄，天氣多變，還有強(qiáng)烈的紫外線輻射，這些恐怕是我們鐵路工人面臨的最大挑戰(zhàn)。因此建造了多個(gè)制氧站以確保工人的身體健康，我們還會(huì)定期到低海拔地區(qū)休整。
　　火車經(jīng)過措那湖時(shí)，一股自豪感和成就感在我心中油然而生。當(dāng)年，沿著措那湖邊，我們用成千上萬個(gè)沙袋筑起了一道二十千米的保護(hù)墻，使它免受建筑廢料的污染。現(xiàn)在，措那湖離火車這么近，我好想伸出手去摸一摸它那鏡面似的淺藍(lán)色湖面。在湖面上嬉戲的水鳥，在草原上游蕩的牛羊，讓這片風(fēng)景充滿勃勃生機(jī)。
　　幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來，青藏高原是無數(shù)人向往的地方。如今，由于我們的付出，來自全國各地的旅客都能親眼觀賞到這片神奇的土地。我們建成了一條“不可能建成”的鐵路，并且給予當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境充分的保護(hù)，我為此感到驕傲和自豪。青藏鐵路真是一條了不起的“天路”。
第一步：析架構(gòu)理清脈絡(luò)
Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
第二步：知細(xì)節(jié)明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What am I according to the text？
A.A traveler to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
B.A conductor of the great railway.
C.One person to work on this railway.
D.A journalist to write for people’s efforts.
2.Why do Tibetan antelopes seem unaware of the speeding train？
A.Because they are eating grass at their leisure.
B.Because the passages under the bridge keep them off.
C.Because the train above the bridge is so fast.
D.Because the world’s longest bridge is over permafrost.
3.What is one of the hardest challenges in Tanggula Station？
A.The thin air makes workers there lack oxygen.
B.There were no oxygen-making stations originally.
C.It is the highest railway station in the world.
D.The low levels of UV radiation.
4.Which of the following statements about Cuona Lake is true？
A.Hundreds of sandbags were put there.
B.Cuona Lake is far away from the railway.
C.There is mirror-like water and groups of horses.
D.We built a twenty-kilometre wall along the lake.
第三步：品語言妙筆生輝
1.Read the third paragraph carefully and find the sentence which can be used to introduce a place.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.Read the sixth paragraph carefully and find the sentence to describe the mood.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第四步：拓思維品質(zhì)提升
Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1.Were there any other challenges when the construction work of the railway was conducted there？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.There are certainly many other efforts that Chinese people have made to achieve our goal.Can you list out some？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第五步：析難句表達(dá)升級(jí)
1.Sitting back in my seat， I can’t quite believe that I’m about to travel along the railway that many foreign experts claimed was “impossible”.
句式分析 本句為復(fù)合句。Sitting back in my seat為動(dòng)詞-ing短語作　　　　狀語。第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)　　　　從句，作believe的　　　　語；第二個(gè)that引導(dǎo)　　　　從句，修飾先行詞　　　　　　，先行詞在定語從句中作主語。
自主翻譯 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.I am proud that we built our “impossible” railway， and did so with the care that the environment deserves.
句式分析 本句為復(fù)合句。that we built our “impossible” railway， and did so with the care為that引導(dǎo)的　　　　從句；that the environment deserves為that引導(dǎo)的　　　從句。
自主翻譯 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Part Ⅰ　核心詞匯集釋
massive adj.巨大的；大而重的；結(jié)實(shí)的；非常嚴(yán)重的
【教材原句】　The words “railways like massive dragons are winding among the mountains” seem particularly vivid as I travel across the “roof of the world”.
當(dāng)火車開過“世界屋脊”時(shí)，“一條條巨龍翻山越嶺”的歌詞變得更加生動(dòng)鮮活起來。
【用法】
（1）a massive hole　　　　　一個(gè)巨大的坑
massive walls 厚實(shí)的墻
a massive heart attack 嚴(yán)重的心臟病
（2）mass n. 塊，團(tuán)；大量，許多
a mass of/masses of 大量的，許多的
the masses 群眾，平民百姓
be a mass of 充滿，布滿
【佳句】　Shortly after a massive earthquake， the city took on a new look.
一場大地震之后不久，這個(gè)城市呈現(xiàn)了新的面貌。
【練透】　單句語法填空/補(bǔ)全句子
①　　　　　　 （mass） changes have taken place in my city over the past decade.
②Air travel is much more affordable and accessible to the 　　　　　　（mass） than it was in the 1960s.
③The patient survived 　　　　　　　　　.
患者在嚴(yán)重心臟病發(fā)作后幸免于難。
【寫美】　翻譯句子
④紙上滿是密密麻麻的數(shù)字。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
overcome the challenges 克服挑戰(zhàn)
【教材原句】　Taking years to complete， the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is a record of all of our efforts to overcome the most difficult engineering challenges.
它歷時(shí)數(shù)年建成，凝聚著我們攻克種種工程難題的全部心血。
【用法】
（1）face a challenge　　　面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)
meet the challenge of 迎接……的挑戰(zhàn)
accept/take up a challenge 接受挑戰(zhàn)
（2）challenging adj. 具有挑戰(zhàn)性的
（3）challenge vt.　　　　　向……挑戰(zhàn)
challenge sb to sth 向某人挑戰(zhàn)某事
challenge sb to do sth 向某人挑戰(zhàn)做某事
【佳句】　Under the CPC’s leadership， China has overcome many challenges and achieved remarkable progress the world has ever seen.
在中國共產(chǎn)黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，中國克服了許多挑戰(zhàn)，取得了舉世矚目的成就。
【練透】　單句語法填空/補(bǔ)全句子
①One day my cousin came to my house and challenged me 　　　　　　a game of chess.
②There is no possibility that Mark will finish the 　　　　　　（challenge） task by himself.
③However serious a problem you may meet， you should 　　　　　　　　　　　bravely.
不管你遇到多么嚴(yán)重的問題，你都應(yīng)該勇敢地面對(duì)這個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)。
【寫美】　翻譯句子
④他第一個(gè)站出來，說他愿意接受這個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
among the top concerns最關(guān)心的問題之一
【教材原句】　How to protect the delicate ecosystem was among the top concerns.
如何保護(hù)脆弱的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是需要我們高度重視的問題之一。
【用法】
（1）concern n.　　　　　　擔(dān)心，憂慮
have no concern with ... 和……無關(guān)
（2）concern vt.（使）擔(dān)憂；涉及；與……有關(guān)
（3）concerned adj.　　　擔(dān)心的；感興趣的
be concerned about/for 關(guān)心……
be concerned with ... 與……有關(guān)，涉及……；對(duì)……感興趣
as/so far as ...be concerned 就……而言
（4）concerning prep. 有關(guān)；涉及
【佳句】　Student’s stress and anxiety have become major concerns for schools， as they can affect academic performance and mental health.
學(xué)生的壓力和焦慮已成為學(xué)校的主要關(guān)注點(diǎn)，因?yàn)樗鼈儠?huì)影響學(xué)業(yè)成績和心理健康。
【練透】　單句語法填空/補(bǔ)全句子
①The new film is concerned 　　　　　　the relationship between humans and environment.
②There have been seen so many school bus accidents recently.As a result， people are concerned 　　　　　　the school bus safety much.
③Honestly speaking， I 　　　　　　　　　the matter.
誠實(shí)地說，我與此事無關(guān)。
【寫美】　翻譯句子
④就我而言，你可以聽一些中文廣播節(jié)目來提高你的發(fā)音。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
catch one’s eye 引起某人的注意
【教材原句】　The first landmark to catch my eye is the splendid Qingshuihe Bridge， the world’s longest bridge built over permafrost.
最先映入我眼簾的地標(biāo)性建筑是壯觀的清水河大橋，它是世界上最長的高原凍土鐵路橋。
【用法】
catch one’s attention　　　吸引某人的注意
catch one’s breath 屏住呼吸
catch hold of 抓住
catch sight of 看到；瞥見
catch up with 趕上
【佳句】　He was walking in the park when a massive cloud caught his eye.
他正在公園里散步，這時(shí)一大片烏云映入眼簾。
【聯(lián)想】　含eye（s）的相關(guān)短語：
to one’s eye 在某人看來
keep an eye on 照看；留意
before/in front of one’s eyes 當(dāng)著某人的面
【練透】　單句語法填空/補(bǔ)全句子
①She always grasps my arms tightly when she catches sight 　　　　　　the violent scene in the movie.
②To catch 　　　　　　with the advanced world levels in science and technology， we’ll have to go faster.
③When he was walking past me， I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
他從我身邊走過時(shí)，我抓住了他的手。
【寫美】　翻譯句子
④當(dāng)她看到那只熊時(shí)，她屏住了呼吸。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
at one’s leisure空閑時(shí)；悠閑地
【教材原句】　A group of Tibetan antelopes is moving under the bridge， with some stopping to eat grass at their leisure.一群藏羚羊正從橋下走過，有的則停下來悠閑地吃草。
【用法】
（1）at leisure　　　　　　閑散；悠閑；從容
leisure time 閑暇時(shí)間
leisure centre 娛樂中心
leisure activities 休閑活動(dòng)
leisure interests 業(yè)余興趣
（2）leisurely adj. 悠閑的
adv. 悠閑地；從容不迫地
【佳句】　I suggest you take the forms away and read them at your leisure.
我建議你把表格帶回去有空的時(shí)候看。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①When I stayed in the countryside， I used to enjoyed a 　　　　　　（leisure） walk in the fields.
②A copy of the report is available for you to look through 　　　　　　your leisure.
【寫美】　翻譯句子
③約翰正在不慌不忙地修理著他的航模。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
wander v.徘徊，閑逛；偏離（正道）；走神；神志恍惚；（思想）開小差
【教材原句】　Water birds playing in the lake， and cattle and sheep wandering the grasslands bring the scenery to life.在湖面上嬉戲的水鳥，在草原上游蕩的牛羊，讓這片風(fēng)景充滿勃勃生機(jī)。
【用法】
wander from　　　　　　從……離開
wander over＋地點(diǎn) 在某處閑逛
【佳句】　Rather than go home， he always prefers to wander in the street when his parents quarrel.
當(dāng)他的父母吵架時(shí)，他總是寧愿在街上徘徊也不愿回家。
【易混】　wonder既可以用作動(dòng)詞，也可以用作名詞。用作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意為“想知道；想弄明白；琢磨”；用作名詞時(shí)，意為“驚訝；驚奇；奇跡；奇觀”。
【練透】　單句語法填空/補(bǔ)全句子
①One morning， Tracy found a lost dog 　　　　　　　　　（wander） around the school.
②David 　　　　　　　　（wander） in the street alone when someone patted him on the shoulder.
③She 　　　　　　　　around the streets.
她在大街上漫無目的地到處游蕩。
【寫美】　翻譯句子
④他喜歡在鄉(xiāng)間漫步。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
scenery n.風(fēng)景，景色
【教材原句】　Water birds playing in the lake， and cattle and sheep wandering the grasslands bring the scenery to life.在湖面上嬉戲的水鳥，在草原上游蕩的牛羊，讓這片風(fēng)景充滿勃勃生機(jī)。
【用法】
（1）scene指局部的、一眼可見全貌的風(fēng)景或景色，也常指戲劇、電影、小說等的場景。
（2）view主要指從某個(gè)位置或角度看到的景色。
（3）scenery指某一國家或地區(qū)的整體的自然風(fēng)景。
（4）sight指供人游覽的“景”或“景色”，尤指人工制成的景，常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
【佳句】　We stopped to admire the scenery.
我們停下來欣賞風(fēng)景。
【練透】　選詞填空（scene， scenery， view， sight）
①He lives in the large room whose windows face south， where he could have a good 　　　　　　.
②When we mount the Longevity Hill， we can see all pleasant 　　　　　　at once.
③There is a happy 　　　　　　of children playing in the garden.
④The Great Wall is one of the wonderful 　　　　　　in the world.
Part Ⅱ　重點(diǎn)句型解構(gòu)
句型公式：“疑問詞＋動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語
【教材原句】　How to protect the delicate ecosystem was among the top concerns.
如何保護(hù)脆弱的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是需要我們高度重視的問題之一。
【用法】
How to protect the delicate ecosystem為“疑問詞＋動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作主語。
（1）常見的疑問詞有疑問代詞who， what（無選擇范圍）， which（有選擇范圍）等和疑問副詞how， when， where等。
（2）該結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可以作主語、賓語、表語、同位語等。作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。
【品悟】　How to improve English is often discussed among the students.
這些學(xué)生經(jīng)常討論如何提高英語水平。
【寫美】　微寫作
①在班會(huì)上，我們就寒假要做什么進(jìn)行了討論。
We had a discussion on 　　　　　　　　during the winter vacation at the class meeting.
②當(dāng)問題出現(xiàn)時(shí)，我們正在考慮如何實(shí)施我們的計(jì)劃。
We were considering 　　　　　　　　　　when the question appeared.
③何時(shí)在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里進(jìn)行這些測試是有必要核實(shí)的。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 in the lab is necessary to check.
句型公式： 動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）作后置定語
【教材原句】　The first landmark to catch my eye is the splendid Qingshuihe Bridge， the world’s longest bridge built over permafrost.
最先映入我眼簾的地標(biāo)性建筑是壯觀的清水河大橋，它是世界上最長的高原凍土鐵路橋。
【用法】
句中to catch my eye為動(dòng)詞不定式短語作后置定語，修飾landmark。英語中常用動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）作后置定語的情況如下：
（1）被修飾詞為序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)；
（2）被修飾詞前有the only， the very， the next等詞時(shí)；
（3）抽象名詞time， way， ability， reason， chance， courage， opportunity等后常用動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）作后置定語；
（4）不定代詞something， nothing， little等后常用動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）作后置定語。
【點(diǎn)津】　（1）作定語的動(dòng)詞不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，不定式后面就要有必要的介詞。
（2）如果動(dòng)詞不定式所表示的動(dòng)作不是由主語發(fā)出，則不定式應(yīng)使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
【寫美】　微寫作
①她是第一位在太空中完成太空授課的女航天員。（投稿）
She was 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
②亨利出生在一個(gè)貧窮的家庭，沒有機(jī)會(huì)上學(xué)。
Born into a poor family， Henry had no chance 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
③解決這個(gè)問題的最好辦法是依靠你自己。（建議信）
The best way 　　　　　　　　　　　 　　is to depend on yourself.
④Mr Johnson是唯一一個(gè)被邀請(qǐng)參加會(huì)議的外教。（告知信）
Mr Johnson 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　to attend the meeting.
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖語篇】
第一步
1.the “roof of the world”　2.delicate　3.passages
4.antelopes　5.wetlands　6.grasslands
7.oxygen-making stations　8.wall　9.lake
10.magical landscapes
第二步
1－4　CBAD
第三步
1.The first landmark to catch my eye is the splendid Qingshuihe Bridge， the world’s longest bridge built over permafrost.
2.As we pass Cuona Lake， I feel a sense of pride and achievement.
第四步
1.Yes， there were certainly some other challenges when the work was conducted at the beginning， such as the question of transportation， water supply， language variety and so on.
2.There are many other efforts that Chinese people have made to achieve our goal of constructing our modern China， such as our devotion to defeating the virus， the various construction work of China， the devotion to different careers and so on.
第五步
1.時(shí)間　賓語　賓　定語　railway
靠坐在火車的座位上，我仍然不敢相信，我將要沿著許多外國專家聲稱“不可能建成”的鐵路開始一段旅程。
2.賓語　定語
我們建成了一條“不可能建成”的鐵路，并且給予當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境充分的保護(hù)，我為此感到驕傲和自豪。
【核心知識(shí)·巧突破】
核心詞匯集釋
1.①M(fèi)assive　②masses　③a massive heart attack
④The paper was covered with a mass of/masses of figures.
2.①to　②challenging　③face the challenge
④He was the first one to stand out， saying he would like to accept/take up the challenge.
3.①with　②about/for　③have no concern with
④As far as I’m concerned， you can listen to some Chinese radio programmes to improve your pronunciation.
4.①of　②up　③caught hold of his hand
④When she saw the bear， she caught her breath.
5.①leisurely　②at
③John is repairing his model plane at leisure.
6.①wandering　②was wandering　③wandered aimlessly　④He likes to wander over the countryside.
7.①view　②scenery　③scene　④sights
重點(diǎn)句型解構(gòu)
1.①what to do　②how to carry out our plan
③When to do the tests
2.①the first female astronaut to give a class in space
②to attend school　③to solve the problem
④is the only foreign teacher to be invited
11 / 11(共114張PPT)
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
1
篇章助解·釋疑難
目 錄
4
課時(shí)檢測·提能力
3
核心知識(shí)·巧突破
2
文本透析·剖語篇
篇章助解·釋疑難
力推課前預(yù)習(xí)
1
The Sky Railway
　　[1]Sitting back in my seat， I can’t quite believe that I’m about to
① travel along the railway [2]that many foreign experts claimed was
“impossible”.The train has been racing along steadily② since it left
Xining.All this time， the song “Sky Railway” has been playing inside
my head.The words “railways like massive③ dragons are winding
among the mountains” seem particularly vivid④ as I travel across the
“roof of the world”.
　　[1]Sitting back ...為動(dòng)詞-ing短語作時(shí)間狀語，相當(dāng)于When I sit
back in my seat。
　　[2]that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞railway。
【讀文清障】
①be about to 即將；剛要；正打算
②steadily adv.平穩(wěn)地
③massive adj.巨大的
④vivid adj.生動(dòng)的；逼真的
　　I was one of the people [3]who came from all parts of China to
work on this railway.[4]Taking years to complete， the Qinghai-Tibet
Railway is a record of all of our efforts to overcome the most difficult
engineering challenges⑤.[5]How to protect the delicate⑥ ecosystem was
among the top concerns⑦.
　　[3]who引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞people。
　　[4]Taking years ...為動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語。
　　[5]“疑問詞＋動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語。
⑤overcome the challenges克服挑戰(zhàn)
⑥delicate adj.脆弱的
⑦among the top concerns 最關(guān)心的問題之一
　　The first landmark⑧ [6]to catch my eye⑨ is the splendid⑩
Qingshuihe Bridge， the world’s longest bridge [7]built over
permafrost .Look！ A group of Tibetan antelopes is moving under
the bridge， with some stopping to eat grass at their leisure .Thirty-
three passages have been built under the railway [8]to allow the
animals to move safely and freely in their natural habitat.Wild animals
such as these Tibetan antelopes have now been using these passages for
years.They seem totally unaware that we are speeding past at over
100 kilometres an hour.
　　[6]to catch my eye為動(dòng)詞不定式短語作后置定語，修飾
landmark。
　　[7]built over ...為動(dòng)詞-ed形式作后置定語，修飾bridge。
　　[8]to allow ...為動(dòng)詞不定式短語作目的狀語。
⑧l(xiāng)andmark n.地標(biāo)
⑨catch one’s eye 引起某人的注意
⑩splendid adj.壯麗的
permafrost n.永久凍土層
Tibetan adj.西藏的
antelope n.羚羊
leisure n.空閑，閑暇
at one’s leisure 空閑時(shí)
passage n.通道；走廊；通路
unaware adj.不知道的，無意識(shí)的；未察覺到的
　　[9]To prevent damage to wetlands and grasslands ， 675
bridges with a total length of about 160 kilometres were built between
Golmud and Lhasa.We even moved 140，000 square metres of
wetland to a new area in order to protect its distinct ecosystem .
　　[9]To prevent damage ...為動(dòng)詞不定式短語作目的狀語。
wetland n.濕地
grassland n.草原
distinct adj.獨(dú)特的；明顯的
ecosystem n.生態(tài)系統(tǒng)
　　The journey has been flying by ， and before I know it， we
have reached Tanggula Station.[10]Located at over 5，000 metres
above sea level， this is the highest railway station in the world.In
locations such as this， [11]the thin air， changeable weather and high
levels of UV radiation presented perhaps the greatest challenge for
railway workers.[12]To make sure we stayed healthy， several oxygen-
making stations were constructed .We were also able to enjoy regular
breaks in lower areas.
　　[10]Located at ...為動(dòng)詞-ed形式作狀語。
　　[11]the thin air， changeable weather and ...為并列主語。
　　[12]To make sure ...為動(dòng)詞不定式短語作目的狀語。
fly by 飛逝
radiation n.輻射
construct v.建造，修建
　　[13]As we pass Cuona Lake， I feel a sense of pride and
achievement.[14]Using thousands and thousands of sandbags， we
built a twenty-kilometre wall along the lake to protect it from
construction waste.Cuona Lake is [15]so close to the railway that I
want to reach out and touch its pale blue mirror-like surface.Water
birds playing in the lake， and cattle and sheep wandering the
grasslands bring the scenery to life .
　　[13]As引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，意為“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”。
　　[14]Using thousands ...為動(dòng)詞-ing短語作狀語。
　　[15]so ...that ...引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。
thousands and thousands of 成千上萬的
protect ...from ...保護(hù)……免受……
mirror-like adj.如鏡面般的
wander v.徘徊
scenery n.風(fēng)景，景色
bring ...to life 使……更生動(dòng)；使……蘇醒過來
　　The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has been attracting people’s
admiration for centuries.Now， thanks to our efforts， passengers
from all over the country have been enjoying these magical landscapes
.I am proud that we built our “impossible” railway， and did so with
the care that the environment deserves .It truly is an extraordinary
“Sky Railway”.
plateau n.高原
thanks to 幸虧；由于；因?yàn)?br/> landscape n.風(fēng)景，景色；風(fēng)景畫，山水畫
deserve v.應(yīng)受，應(yīng)得
extraordinary adj.非凡的；特別的
【參考譯文】
天　路
　　靠坐在火車的座位上，我仍然不敢相信，我將要沿著許多外國專
家聲稱“不可能建成”的鐵路開始一段旅程。火車從西寧出發(fā)，向前平
穩(wěn)行駛。一路上，我的腦海中不斷回響起《天路》這首歌曲。當(dāng)火車
開過“世界屋脊”時(shí)，“一條條巨龍翻山越嶺”的歌詞變得更加生動(dòng)鮮活
起來。
　　修建青藏鐵路的工人來自全國各地，而我就是其中之一。它歷時(shí)
數(shù)年建成，凝聚著我們攻克種種工程難題的全部心血。其中，如何保
護(hù)脆弱的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是需要我們高度重視的問題之一。
　　最先映入我眼簾的地標(biāo)性建筑是壯觀的清水河大橋，它是世界上
最長的高原凍土鐵路橋。看！一群藏羚羊正從橋下走過，有的則停下
來悠閑地吃草。鐵路橋下修建了33條野生動(dòng)物通道，讓動(dòng)物得以在自
然棲息地中安全自由地通行。就像現(xiàn)在的這群藏羚羊一樣，野生動(dòng)物
們使用這些通道已有數(shù)年，它們似乎完全沒有意識(shí)到我們正以每小時(shí)
100多千米的速度呼嘯而過。
　　為了避免破壞濕地和草原，我們?cè)诟駹柲竞屠_之間建造了675
座大橋，總長度約160千米。我們甚至將一塊14萬平方米的濕地遷往
一個(gè)新的區(qū)域，以保護(hù)其獨(dú)特的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。
　　火車一路疾馳，還沒等我反應(yīng)過來，就已經(jīng)到達(dá)了唐古拉車站。
它位于海拔5，000多米的地方，是世界上海拔最高的火車站。在這樣
的高海拔環(huán)境中，氧氣稀薄，天氣多變，還有強(qiáng)烈的紫外線輻射，這
些恐怕是我們鐵路工人面臨的最大挑戰(zhàn)。因此建造了多個(gè)制氧站以確
保工人的身體健康，我們還會(huì)定期到低海拔地區(qū)休整。
　　火車經(jīng)過措那湖時(shí)，一股自豪感和成就感在我心中油然而生。當(dāng)
年，沿著措那湖邊，我們用成千上萬個(gè)沙袋筑起了一道二十千米的保
護(hù)墻，使它免受建筑廢料的污染。現(xiàn)在，措那湖離火車這么近，我好
想伸出手去摸一摸它那鏡面似的淺藍(lán)色湖面。在湖面上嬉戲的水鳥，
在草原上游蕩的牛羊，讓這片風(fēng)景充滿勃勃生機(jī)。
　　幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來，青藏高原是無數(shù)人向往的地方。如今，由于我們
的付出，來自全國各地的旅客都能親眼觀賞到這片神奇的土地。我們
建成了一條“不可能建成”的鐵路，并且給予當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境充分的保護(hù)，我
為此感到驕傲和自豪。青藏鐵路真是一條了不起的“天路”。
文本透析·剖語篇
助力語篇理解
2
第一步：析架構(gòu)理清脈絡(luò)
Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
第二步：知細(xì)節(jié)明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1. What am I according to the text？
A. A traveler to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
B. A conductor of the great railway.
C. One person to work on this railway.
D. A journalist to write for people’s efforts.
2. Why do Tibetan antelopes seem unaware of the speeding train？
A. Because they are eating grass at their leisure.
B. Because the passages under the bridge keep them off.
C. Because the train above the bridge is so fast.
D. Because the world’s longest bridge is over permafrost.
3. What is one of the hardest challenges in Tanggula Station？
A. The thin air makes workers there lack oxygen.
B. There were no oxygen-making stations originally.
C. It is the highest railway station in the world.
D. The low levels of UV radiation.
4. Which of the following statements about Cuona Lake is true？
A. Hundreds of sandbags were put there.
B. Cuona Lake is far away from the railway.
C. There is mirror-like water and groups of horses.
D. We built a twenty-kilometre wall along the lake.
第三步：品語言妙筆生輝
1. Read the third paragraph carefully and find the sentence which can
be used to introduce a place.


2. Read the sixth paragraph carefully and find the sentence to describe
the mood.


　The first landmark to catch my eye is the splendid Qingshuihe
Bridge， the world’s longest bridge built over permafrost.　
　As we pass Cuona Lake， I feel a sense of pride and
achievement.　
第四步：拓思維品質(zhì)提升
Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1. Were there any other challenges when the construction work of the
railway was conducted there？



　Yes， there were certainly some other challenges when the work
was conducted at the beginning， such as the question of
transportation， water supply， language variety and so on.　
2. There are certainly many other efforts that Chinese people have
made to achieve our goal.Can you list out some？




　There are many other efforts that Chinese people have made to
achieve our goal of constructing our modern China， such as our
devotion to defeating the virus， the various construction work of
China， the devotion to different careers and so on.　
第五步：析難句表達(dá)升級(jí)
1. Sitting back in my seat， I can’t quite believe that I’m about to
travel along the railway that many foreign experts claimed was
“impossible”.
句式分析 本句為復(fù)合句。Sitting back in my seat為動(dòng)詞-ing短語
作 狀語。第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo) 從句，作believe
的 語；第二個(gè)that引導(dǎo) 從句，修飾先行
詞 ，先行詞在定語從句中作主語。
自主翻譯

時(shí)間　
賓語　
賓　
定語　
railway　
靠坐在火車的座位上，我仍然不敢相信，我將要沿著
許多外國專家聲稱“不可能建成”的鐵路開始一段旅程。　
2. I am proud that we built our “impossible” railway， and did so with
the care that the environment deserves.
句式分析 本句為復(fù)合句。that we built our “impossible” railway，
and did so with the care為that引導(dǎo)的 從句；that the
environment deserves為that引導(dǎo)的 從句。
自主翻譯

賓語　
定語　
我們建成了一條“不可能建成”的鐵路，并且給予當(dāng)?shù)?br/>環(huán)境充分的保護(hù)，我為此感到驕傲和自豪。　
核心知識(shí)·巧突破
探究課堂重點(diǎn)
3
Part Ⅰ　核心詞匯集釋
massive adj.巨大的；大而重的；結(jié)實(shí)的；非常嚴(yán)重的
【教材原句】　The words “railways like massive dragons are winding
among the mountains” seem particularly vivid as I travel across the
“roof of the world”.
當(dāng)火車開過“世界屋脊”時(shí)，“一條條巨龍翻山越嶺”的歌詞變得更加生
動(dòng)鮮活起來。
（1）a massive hole　　　　　一個(gè)巨大的坑
massive walls　　厚實(shí)的墻
a massive heart attack　　嚴(yán)重的心臟病
（2）mass n.　　塊，團(tuán)；大量，許多
a mass of/masses of 　　大量的，許多的
the masses 　　群眾，平民百姓
be a mass of　　充滿，布滿
【用法】
【佳句】　Shortly after a massive earthquake， the city took on a
new look.
一場大地震之后不久，這個(gè)城市呈現(xiàn)了新的面貌。
【練透】　單句語法填空/補(bǔ)全句子
① （mass） changes have taken place in my city over the
past decade.
②Air travel is much more affordable and accessible to the
（mass） than it was in the 1960s.
③The patient survived .
患者在嚴(yán)重心臟病發(fā)作后幸免于難。
Massive　
masses　
a massive heart attack　
【寫美】　翻譯句子
④紙上滿是密密麻麻的數(shù)字。

The paper was covered with a mass of/masses of figures.　
overcome the challenges 克服挑戰(zhàn)
【教材原句】　Taking years to complete， the Qinghai-Tibet Railway
is a record of all of our efforts to overcome the most difficult
engineering challenges.它歷時(shí)數(shù)年建成，凝聚著我們攻克種種工程難
題的全部心血。
（1）face a challenge　　　 　　面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)
meet the challenge of 　　迎接……的挑戰(zhàn)
accept/take up a challenge　　接受挑戰(zhàn)
（2）challenging adj.　　具有挑戰(zhàn)性的
（3）challenge vt.　　　　　向……挑戰(zhàn)
challenge sb to sth 　　向某人挑戰(zhàn)某事
challenge sb to do sth 　　向某人挑戰(zhàn)做某事
【用法】
【佳句】　Under the CPC’s leadership， China has overcome many
challenges and achieved remarkable progress the world has ever seen.
在中國共產(chǎn)黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，中國克服了許多挑戰(zhàn)，取得了舉世矚目
的成就。
【練透】　單句語法填空/補(bǔ)全句子
①One day my cousin came to my house and challenged me a
game of chess.
②There is no possibility that Mark will finish the
（challenge） task by himself.
to　
challenging　
③However serious a problem you may meet， you should
bravely.
不管你遇到多么嚴(yán)重的問題，你都應(yīng)該勇敢地面對(duì)這個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)。
【寫美】　翻譯句子
④他第一個(gè)站出來，說他愿意接受這個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)。


face the
challenge　
　He was the first one to stand out， saying he would like to
accept/take up the challenge.　
among the top concerns最關(guān)心的問題之一
【教材原句】　How to protect the delicate ecosystem was among the
top concerns.
如何保護(hù)脆弱的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是需要我們高度重視的問題之一。
（1）concern n.　　擔(dān)心，憂慮
have no concern with ...　　和……無關(guān)
（2）concern vt.　　（使）擔(dān)憂；涉及；與……有關(guān)
（3）concerned adj.　　　擔(dān)心的；感興趣的
be concerned about/for　　關(guān)心……
be concerned with ... 與……有關(guān)，涉及……；對(duì)……感興趣
as/so far as ...be concerned 就……而言
（4）concerning prep.　　有關(guān)；涉及
【用法】
【佳句】　Student’s stress and anxiety have become major concerns
for schools， as they can affect academic performance and mental
health.
學(xué)生的壓力和焦慮已成為學(xué)校的主要關(guān)注點(diǎn)，因?yàn)樗鼈儠?huì)影響學(xué)業(yè)成
績和心理健康。
【練透】　單句語法填空/補(bǔ)全句子
①The new film is concerned the relationship between
humans and environment.
with　
②There have been seen so many school bus accidents recently.As a
result， people are concerned the school bus safety
much.
③Honestly speaking， I the matter.
誠實(shí)地說，我與此事無關(guān)。
【寫美】　翻譯句子
④就我而言，你可以聽一些中文廣播節(jié)目來提高你的發(fā)音。


about/for　
have no concern with　
　As far as I’m concerned， you can listen to some Chinese radio
programmes to improve your pronunciation.　
catch one’s eye 引起某人的注意
【教材原句】　The first landmark to catch my eye is the splendid
Qingshuihe Bridge， the world’s longest bridge built over permafrost.
最先映入我眼簾的地標(biāo)性建筑是壯觀的清水河大橋，它是世界上最長
的高原凍土鐵路橋。
catch one’s attention　　　吸引某人的注意
catch one’s breath　　屏住呼吸
catch hold of 　　抓住
catch sight of　　看到；瞥見
catch up with 　　趕上
【用法】
【佳句】　He was walking in the park when a massive cloud caught
his eye.
他正在公園里散步，這時(shí)一大片烏云映入眼簾。
【聯(lián)想】　含eye（s）的相關(guān)短語：
to one’s eye 在某人看來
keep an eye on 照看；留意
before/in front of one’s eyes 當(dāng)著某人的面
【練透】　單句語法填空/補(bǔ)全句子
①She always grasps my arms tightly when she catches sight the
violent scene in the movie.
②To catch with the advanced world levels in science and
technology， we’ll have to go faster.
③When he was walking past me， I .
他從我身邊走過時(shí)，我抓住了他的手。
【寫美】　翻譯句子
④當(dāng)她看到那只熊時(shí)，她屏住了呼吸。

of　
up　
caught hold of his hand　
When she saw the bear， she caught her breath.　
at one’s leisure空閑時(shí)；悠閑地
【教材原句】　A group of Tibetan antelopes is moving under the
bridge， with some stopping to eat grass at their leisure.一群藏羚羊正
從橋下走過，有的則停下來悠閑地吃草。
（1）at leisure　　　　　　閑散；悠閑；從容
leisure time 　　閑暇時(shí)間
leisure centre　　娛樂中心
leisure activities　　休閑活動(dòng)
leisure interests　　業(yè)余興趣
（2）leisurely adj.　　悠閑的
adv.　　悠閑地；從容不迫地
【用法】
【佳句】　I suggest you take the forms away and read them at your
leisure.
我建議你把表格帶回去有空的時(shí)候看。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①When I stayed in the countryside， I used to enjoyed a
（leisure） walk in the fields.
②A copy of the report is available for you to look through your
leisure.
leisurely　
at　
【寫美】　翻譯句子
③約翰正在不慌不忙地修理著他的航模。

John is repairing his model plane at leisure.　
wander v.徘徊，閑逛；偏離（正道）；走神；神志恍惚；（思想）
開小差
【教材原句】　Water birds playing in the lake， and cattle and sheep
wandering the grasslands bring the scenery to life.在湖面上嬉戲的水
鳥，在草原上游蕩的牛羊，讓這片風(fēng)景充滿勃勃生機(jī)。
【用法】
wander from　　　　　　從……離開
wander over＋地點(diǎn) 　　在某處閑逛
【佳句】　Rather than go home， he always prefers to wander in the
street when his parents quarrel.
當(dāng)他的父母吵架時(shí)，他總是寧愿在街上徘徊也不愿回家。
【易混】　wonder既可以用作動(dòng)詞，也可以用作名詞。用作動(dòng)詞
時(shí)，意為“想知道；想弄明白；琢磨”；用作名詞時(shí)，意為“驚訝；驚
奇；奇跡；奇觀”。
【練透】　單句語法填空/補(bǔ)全句子
①One morning， Tracy found a lost dog （wander）
around the school.
②David （wander） in the street alone when
someone patted him on the shoulder.
③She around the streets.
她在大街上漫無目的地到處游蕩。
【寫美】　翻譯句子
④他喜歡在鄉(xiāng)間漫步。

wandering　
was wandering　
wandered aimlessly　
He likes to wander over the countryside.　
scenery n.風(fēng)景，景色
【教材原句】　Water birds playing in the lake， and cattle and sheep
wandering the grasslands bring the scenery to life.在湖面上嬉戲的水
鳥，在草原上游蕩的牛羊，讓這片風(fēng)景充滿勃勃生機(jī)。
（1）scene指局部的、一眼可見全貌的風(fēng)景或景色，也常指戲劇、
電影、小說等的場景。
（2）view主要指從某個(gè)位置或角度看到的景色。
（3）scenery指某一國家或地區(qū)的整體的自然風(fēng)景。
（4）sight指供人游覽的“景”或“景色”，尤指人工制成的景，常用復(fù)
數(shù)形式。
【用法】
【佳句】　We stopped to admire the scenery.
我們停下來欣賞風(fēng)景。
【練透】　選詞填空（scene， scenery， view， sight）
①He lives in the large room whose windows face south， where he
could have a good .
②When we mount the Longevity Hill， we can see all
pleasant at once.
③There is a happy of children playing in the garden.
④The Great Wall is one of the wonderful in the world.
view　
scenery　
scene　
sights　
Part Ⅱ　重點(diǎn)句型解構(gòu)
句型公式：“疑問詞＋動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語
【教材原句】　How to protect the delicate ecosystem was among the
top concerns.
如何保護(hù)脆弱的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是需要我們高度重視的問題之一。
How to protect the delicate ecosystem為“疑問詞＋動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)
構(gòu)，在句中作主語。
（1）常見的疑問詞有疑問代詞who， what（無選擇范圍）， which
（有選擇范圍）等和疑問副詞how， when， where等。
（2）該結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可以作主語、賓語、表語、同位語等。作主語
時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。
【用法】
【品悟】　How to improve English is often discussed among the
students.這些學(xué)生經(jīng)常討論如何提高英語水平。
【寫美】　微寫作
①在班會(huì)上，我們就寒假要做什么進(jìn)行了討論。
We had a discussion on during the winter vacation at
the class meeting.
②當(dāng)問題出現(xiàn)時(shí)，我們正在考慮如何實(shí)施我們的計(jì)劃。
We were considering when the question
appeared.
③何時(shí)在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里進(jìn)行這些測試是有必要核實(shí)的。
in the lab is necessary to check.
what to do　
how to carry out our plan　
When to do the tests　
句型公式： 動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）作后置定語
【教材原句】　The first landmark to catch my eye is the splendid
Qingshuihe Bridge， the world’s longest bridge built over permafrost.
最先映入我眼簾的地標(biāo)性建筑是壯觀的清水河大橋，它是世界上最長
的高原凍土鐵路橋。
句中to catch my eye為動(dòng)詞不定式短語作后置定語，修飾
landmark。英語中常用動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）作后置定語的情況如下：
（1）被修飾詞為序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)
修飾時(shí)；
（2）被修飾詞前有the only， the very， the next等詞時(shí)；
（3）抽象名詞time， way， ability， reason， chance， courage，
opportunity等后常用動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）作后置定語；
（4）不定代詞something， nothing， little等后常用動(dòng)詞不定式（短
語）作后置定語。
【用法】
【點(diǎn)津】　（1）作定語的動(dòng)詞不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，不定式后
面就要有必要的介詞。
（2）如果動(dòng)詞不定式所表示的動(dòng)作不是由主語發(fā)出，則不定式應(yīng)使
用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
【寫美】　微寫作
①她是第一位在太空中完成太空授課的女航天員。（投稿）
She was .
②亨利出生在一個(gè)貧窮的家庭，沒有機(jī)會(huì)上學(xué)。
Born into a poor family， Henry had no chance .
the first female astronaut to give a class in space　
to attend school　
③解決這個(gè)問題的最好辦法是依靠你自己。（建議信）
The best way is to depend on yourself.
④Mr Johnson是唯一一個(gè)被邀請(qǐng)參加會(huì)議的外教。（告知信）
Mr Johnson to
attend the meeting.
to solve the problem　
is the only foreign teacher to be invited　
課時(shí)檢測·提能力
培育學(xué)科素養(yǎng)
4
維度一：品句填詞
1. In addition to the beautiful （景色）， the poem
conveys the poet’s affection for a young lady.
2. Standing in front of the （壯麗的） building， the
young man was very excited.
3. We talked together， we spent our （空閑） time
together， and except for school and work， we were never apart.
scenery　
splendid　
leisure　
4. The Bird’s Nest in Beijing is a famous （地標(biāo)） of
our capital.
5. While they were crossing the river， a （巨大的）
rock fell off the mountain.
6. The woman decided to wear a pair of glasses to avoid r
while working at the computer.
7. W in the street， we were astonished at the dramatic
change of the small town.
landmark　
massive　
adiation　
andering　
維度二：詞形轉(zhuǎn)換
1. There is concern that the （construct） company
that built the tower block had not followed fire safety rules.
2. In the coming three years， our school life will be
（challenge） and you will try to adapt to your new life.
3. More staff are needed to meet the demands of the people who
are （concern） about their physical well-being.
4. With the widespread use of the Internet， communications across
the world have developed （steady）.
construction　
challenging　
concerned　
steadily　
5. The boy was sitting in his chair （leisure），
absorbed in the magazine he was reading.
6. They all think he is one of the most wonderful
（magic） in the world.
7. Their inventions have contributed to the development of
electrical （engineer）.
leisurely　
magicians　
engineering　
維度三：固定搭配和句式
1. They would rather spend time reading than wandering in the
street （空閑時(shí)）.
2. How to deal with the situation was
（最關(guān)心的問題之一）.
3. The moment a tourist enters the forest， one amazing view after
another will （引起他的注意）.
4. It is my honour to be here to share with you my opinions on
（要學(xué)習(xí)什么） in senior high school.
at their leisure　
among the top concerns　
catch his eye　
what
to learn　
5. The 30th sports meeting （下周舉行
的） is sure to be a great success.
6. Adapted from Milan Trenc’s novel， the film Night at the
Museum （使……更生動(dòng)） a world where
dinosaurs wander the earth.
to take place next week　
brings to life　
維度四：課文語法填空
　　Many foreign experts claimed the Qinghai-Tibet Railway was
“impossible”.It takes years 1. （complete） the
Qinghai-Tibet Railway， which is a record of all of our efforts to
overcome the most difficult engineering 2.
（challenge）.How to protect the delicate ecosystem was 3.
the top concerns.
to complete　
challenges　
among　
　　In order to protect wild animals， thirty-three passages 4.
（build） under the railway to allow the animals to move
safely and 5. （free） in their natural habitat.6.
（prevent） damage to wetlands and grasslands， 675
bridges with a total length of about 160 kilometres were built between
Golmud 7. Lhasa.140，000 square metres of wetland
have
been built　
freely　
To
prevent　
and　
8. （move） to a new area in order to protect its distinct
ecosystem.To make sure the workers stayed healthy， several oxygen-
making stations were constructed.The workers also 9.
（enjoy） regular breaks in lower areas.To protect Cuona Lake，
thousands and thousands of sandbags were used to build a twenty-
kilometre wall along the lake to protect it 10. construction
waste.
　　I am proud that we built our “impossible” railway in the world
with the care that the environment deserves.
was moved　
enjoyed　
from　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　Set 40 kilometers northeast of the city of Ambatondrazaka， the
Zahamena National Park’s landscape consists of valleys surrounded by
a flowing mountain range.
　　It has an overall land coverage of 64，300 hectares， but only
42，000 hectares is open to the public due to strict conservation （環(huán)
境保護(hù)） reasons.It receives an average yearly rainfall level of about 6
feet and experiences frequent rain showers even during the dry season
between April and October.
　　One really interesting thing about the Zahamena National Park is
that the unique territory of its highland has paved the way for the
development of several ecosystems that exist at the same time in this
park.This is the reason why the types of wildlife living in one area are
different in another， which makes it quite exciting to explore.
　　This protected area is divided into two parts， with a separate
piece of land in the middle where many small villages are
situated.These villages are inhabited （居住） by the members of the
Sihanaka and Betsimisaraka ethnic groups.
　　The Zahamena National Park gets its name from the local Zahana
Mena tree， an uncommon type of hardwood that grows in the lower
regions of this protected area.It is characterized by its resilient （堅(jiān)韌
的） wood that can be rather challenging to cut， join， shape and
carve even with modern tools.
　　Established as a strict natural highland reserve in 1927 （and one
of the first of its kind in all of Madagascar）， the Zahamena National
Park was officially given its national park status （地位） in 1997 and
was eventually opened to the public.Due to its remarkable territory
and unique biodiversity， this national park was later listed as a key
part of the collective UNESCO World Heritage Site called the
Rainforests of the Atsinanana in 2007.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了馬達(dá)加斯加的扎哈
米納國家公園。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了馬達(dá)加斯加的扎哈
米納國家公園。
1. What can we learn about the Zahamena National Park？
A. It is surrounded by the city of Ambatondrazaka.
B. It receives little rainfall during the dry season.
C. It is partially open to the public.
D. It is divided into three parts.
解析：　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，該公園由于受到
嚴(yán)格保護(hù)，只有部分地區(qū)向公眾開放。
2. What has contributed to several ecosystems in the Zahamena
National Park？
A. The strict conservation rules.
B. The unique weather conditions.
C. The special territory of its highland.
D. The influence of several local villages.
解析：　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句可知，該公園獨(dú)特的山
地為生態(tài)多樣性的發(fā)展提供了有利的條件。
3. What is the Zahamena National Park named after？
A. An ethnic group. B. A type of local tree.
C. A traditional tool. D. A nearby city.
解析：　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句可知，該國家公園
得名于當(dāng)?shù)氐脑芳{樹。
4. What is the text mainly about？
A. A brief introduction to the Zahamena National Park.
B. A complete guide to visiting the Zahamena National Park.
C. Details of Zahamena National Park’s great efforts in conservation.
D. Reasons for Zahamena National Park becoming a UNESCO World
Heritage Site.
解析：　主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章主要從地理位置、
公園特點(diǎn)以及名字來源等方面介紹了馬達(dá)加斯加的扎哈米納國
家公園。
B
　　Ho Khanh is a middle-aged farmer， living in a village on the
edge of Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park in Vietnam.What is special
about him is that he has discovered Son Doong， the largest cave in
the world.
　　“I first found the cave about thirty years ago， in 1991，” he
says.“I was out collecting firewood near the national park.My family
were very poor， so I decided to go deeper into the forest to find some
aloe， which is very valuable.Not many people went that far into the
forest because they were afraid of the wild animals.”
　　Soon Khanh lost his way.“I sat down with my back to a huge
round rock，” he says.“Then I heard the sound of a strong wind and
running water coming from behind me.”He found the entrance to a
huge cave， with a wide river coming out of it.Khanh thought he was
walking into a great cave.With no ropes or lights， he did not go
further into it.
　　Khanh’s story spread like wildfire， but not everyone believed
him.“I wanted to prove that I was telling the truth， but I couldn’t
remember the way to the cave.” Then one morning early in the winter
of 2006， a group of cavers from Britain came to ask Khanh for
help， as they had heard about his discovery fifteen years before.
　　Khanh agreed to help the team to find the cave， but after three
days in the jungle， they lost their way.“I just couldn’t remember
where it was，” he says.The team came back twice， but each time
they were beaten by the thick jungle.Finally the cavers left.
　　In 2009， Khanh headed to the jungle one cold winter’s
morning.“I stopped by a big round rock，” he says.“There was the
same strong wind， the sound of water running — I knew I’d found
the cave at long last.” Soon the British cavers returned and followed
Khanh on a six-hour trip deep into the jungle.On 14 April they found
Son Doong.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了越南農(nóng)民Ho Khanh
發(fā)現(xiàn)世界上最大洞穴“韓松洞”的經(jīng)過。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了越南農(nóng)民Ho Khanh
發(fā)現(xiàn)世界上最大洞穴“韓松洞”的經(jīng)過。
5. Ho Khanh first discovered Son Doong when he was 　　　　.
A. looking for aloe
B. collecting firewood
C. catching some animals
D. cutting down trees in the forest
解析：　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的My family were very
poor， so I decided to go deeper into the forest to find some aloe ...
可知，Ho Khanh進(jìn)入森林深處是想找些蘆薈，結(jié)果碰巧發(fā)現(xiàn)了“韓
松洞”。
6. What did the British cavers think of Ho Khanh’s story？
A. They doubted it.
B. They believed it.
C. They were uncertain of it.
D. They had little interest in it.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的a group of cavers from
Britain came to ask Khanh for help可知，這些來自英國的探察洞穴
者相信Ho Khanh的故事。
7. How long did it take for Ho Khanh to find Son Doong again？
A. One year. B. Three years.
C. Fifteen years. D. Eighteen years.
解析：　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的I first found the cave
about thirty years ago， in 1991和最后一段中的In 2009， Khanh
headed to the jungle one cold winter’s morning.可知，Ho Khanh再
次找到“韓松洞”是在18年之后。
8. What is the text mainly about？
A. How Son Doong was discovered.
B. How Son Doong got its name.
C. A young farmer in Vietnam.
D. A national park in Vietnam.
解析：　主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中的What is special about him
is that he has discovered Son Doong， the largest cave in the world.
可知，文章主要講述了越南農(nóng)民Ho Khanh發(fā)現(xiàn)世界上最大的洞穴
“韓松洞”的經(jīng)過。
C
　　How does an ecosystem work？What makes the populations of
different species the way they are？Why are there so many flies and so
few wolves？To find an answer， scientists have built mathematical
models of food webs， noting who eats whom and how much each one
eats.
　　With such models， scientists have found out some key principles
operating in food webs.Most food webs， for instance， consist of
many weak links rather than a few strong ones.When a predator （掠
食動(dòng)物） always eats huge numbers of a single prey （獵物）， the
two species are strongly linked； when a predator lives on various
species， they are weakly linked.Food webs may be dominated by
many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the
long term.If a predator can eat several species， it can survive the
extinction of one of them.
And if a predator can move on to another species that is easier to find
when a prey species becomes rare， the switch allows the original prey
to recover.The weak links may thus keep species from driving one
another to extinction.
　　Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be
unstable， where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects
throughout entire ecosystems.In the 1960s， scientists proposed that
predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control
over the size of populations of other species — including species they
did not directly attack.
　　And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top-
down control by top predators to be true.In the ocean， we fished for
top predators such as cod on an industrial scale， while on land， we
killed off large predators such as wolves.These actions have greatly
affected the ecological balance.
　　Scientists have built an early-warning system based on
mathematical models.Ideally， the system would tell us when to adapt
human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown
or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the
borderline.Prevention is key， scientists say， because once
ecosystems pass their tipping point （臨界點(diǎn)）， it is remarkably
difficult for them to return.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇科普類說明文。為了弄清楚生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)
轉(zhuǎn)，科學(xué)家們建立了數(shù)學(xué)模型，通過模型發(fā)現(xiàn)不同層次的物種之間
的依存關(guān)系，而人類作為最高層的掠食動(dòng)物，其一舉一動(dòng)都會(huì)影響
整個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇科普類說明文。為了弄清楚生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)
轉(zhuǎn)，科學(xué)家們建立了數(shù)學(xué)模型，通過模型發(fā)現(xiàn)不同層次的物種之間
的依存關(guān)系，而人類作為最高層的掠食動(dòng)物，其一舉一動(dòng)都會(huì)影響
整個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。
9. A strong link is found between two species when a
predator 　　　　.
A. has a wide food choice
B. can easily find new prey
C. sticks to one prey species
D. can quickly move to another place
解析：　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的When a predator （掠食
動(dòng)物） always eats huge numbers of a single prey （獵物）， the
two species are strongly linked可知，如果某種掠食動(dòng)物總是吃一種
獵物，那么它們之間的聯(lián)系就很緊密。
10. What will happen if the populations of top predators in a food web
greatly decline？
A. The prey species they directly attack will die out.
B. The species they indirectly attack will turn into top predators.
C. The living environment of other species will remain unchanged.
D. The populations of other species will experience unexpected
changes.
解析：　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，頂端掠食動(dòng)物數(shù)
量的細(xì)小變化都會(huì)給整個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)帶來大變化。
11. What conclusion can be drawn from the examples in
Paragraph 4？
A. Uncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems.
B. Rapid economic development threatens animal habitats.
C. Species of commercial value dominate other species.
D. Industrial activities help keep food webs stable.
解析：　推理判斷題。第四段開頭說，無計(jì)劃的人類活動(dòng)已經(jīng)
證明頂端掠食動(dòng)物能自上而下地控制其他物種，然后說到人類對(duì)
海洋和陸地的頂端掠食動(dòng)物的捕殺，這些行為極大地影響了生態(tài)
平衡。因此A項(xiàng)（失控的人類活動(dòng)極大地?cái)_亂了生態(tài)系統(tǒng)）是對(duì)
這一段最好的總結(jié)。
12. How does an early-warning system help us maintain the ecological
balance？
A. By getting illegal practices under control.
B. By stopping us from killing large predators.
C. By bringing the broken-down ecosystems back to normal.
D. By signaling the urgent need for taking preventive action.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，“早期預(yù)警系
統(tǒng)”是以數(shù)學(xué)模型為基礎(chǔ)建立的，能告訴我們什么時(shí)候應(yīng)該改變?nèi)?br/>類把生態(tài)系統(tǒng)逼向崩潰的活動(dòng)，然后說“預(yù)防是關(guān)鍵”。因此早期
預(yù)警系統(tǒng)通過表明采取預(yù)防措施的迫切需要來幫助我們維持生態(tài)
平衡。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　Countries around the world are stepping up their efforts to fight
global warming.If we don’t reduce CO2 emissions， ice caps will
disappear， deserts will expand and extreme weather will become
more and more common. 　13　.Here are four high-impact actions.
　　The global livestock （牲畜） industry contributes as many
greenhouse gases as every single car， truck， and airplane in the
world. 　14　.It is one of the best ways you can cut your carbon
footprint.
　　Commit yourself to eating less meat.
　Consider your clothes.
　Fashion is actually the second most polluting industry in the
world.Low cost， readily accessible solutions are at hand for us
consumers.They include： Buy less. 　15　.Choose ethical （合乎道德
的） brands when you are purchasing something new.Buy second-
hand things， or exchange them.
　
　　 　16　.
　The aviation （航空） industry is only responsible for about 5％
of man-made global warming.Taking the train is a much greener way
to travel.And if you really must fly， you should consider offsetting
your carbon footprint by donating to a project that aims to reduce CO2
elsewhere.
　　Use electric cars.Over their lifetime they emit almost three times
less CO2 than a petrol or diesel car.You can make a difference by
choosing to walk or cycle for shorter journeys.Try to spend most time
walking， cycling or taking public transport. 　17　.You could
combine two trips into one journey， or look at carpooling with
friends or colleagues.
A. Cut down on air travel
B. Keep away from colourful clothes
C. Limit the time you spend behind the wheel
D. Even if you don’t give up meat entirely， adopt a plant-based diet
　　Take public transport， walk or cycle.
E. It’s a global problem， but we can all make a difference
F. The most sustainable piece is the one you have already bought
G. Persuade people in your community to eat less meat for a better
environment
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了為保護(hù)全球環(huán)境，阻止
氣候變暖，作為個(gè)人如何減少碳足跡。
13. E　根據(jù)下句Here are four high-impact actions.可知，此處應(yīng)鼓勵(lì)
人們采取行動(dòng)，共同為阻止全球變暖而努力。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了為保護(hù)全球環(huán)境，阻止
氣候變暖，作為個(gè)人如何減少碳足跡。
14. D　根據(jù)上句可知，全球畜牧業(yè)與每輛汽車、每輛卡車、每架飛
機(jī)排放的溫室氣體一樣多，因此作者建議人們采取以植物為主的飲
食，這有助于減少溫室氣體的排放。
15. F　根據(jù)上句可知，最好的做法就是少買衣服，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)所表達(dá)的意思
符合語境。
16. A　本段介紹了減少乘坐飛機(jī)的次數(shù)也利于緩解全球變暖，建議人
們乘坐火車出行，因此本段的主題句是A項(xiàng)。
17. C　上句作者建議多步行、騎自行車或乘坐公共交通工具，暗示
人們盡量少開車。
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