資源簡介

Section Ⅱ　Using language
維度一：基礎(chǔ)題型練
用所給動詞的正確時態(tài)填空
1.Now that Lucy is out of work， she 　　　　　　　　　　　　（consider） going back to school， but she 　　　　　　　　　　（not， decide） yet.
2.Since that unfortunate accident last week， I 　　　　　　　　（sleep） badly.
3.He 　　　　　　　　（write） articles for our newspaper these three years， and he has written about thirty articles.
4.Ι 　　　　　　　　（wrestle） with this physics problem for a whole morning， but I haven’t worked it out.
5.They 　　　　　　　　（investigate） the murder for three weeks， and have already found some valuable clues.
6.“Your child 　　　　　　　　（look） for an opportunity to climb out of the window all day long，” the man said as he gave the child back to her.
7.In the past one hour， the fire 　　　　　　　　（extend） almost to the top floor， with residents crowding into roof exit.
8.Shall the kids take a break？ They 　　　　　　　　　　（do） homework in the study for nearly two hours.
9.This is the first time that I 　　　　　　　　（visit） Xi’an and I am deeply impressed with its ancient buildings.
10.Thank to your constant encouragement， I 　　　　　　　　（make） great progress in my studies in the past few months.
維度二：語法與寫作
補全句子
1.It is the first time that we 　　　　　　　　　the film festival in New York， so we will have a special experience.
這是我們第一次在紐約參加電影節(jié)，所以我們會有一個特別的體驗。
2.Over the past decades， sea ice 　　　　　　　　　　　　in the Arctic as a result of global warming.
在過去的幾十年里，由于全球變暖，北極的海冰一直在減少。
3.I 　　　　　　　　　　a job for three months， and this is my first formal interview.
我一直找工作找了三個月了，這是我第一次正式面試。
4.All these years we 　　　　　　　　　　　　to get in touch with him.
這些年來我們一直努力與他取得聯(lián)系。
5.You seem to be very busy.What 　　　　　　　recently？
你好像很忙，最近都在做些什么啊？
6.Ever since he 　　　　　　　　the factory， he 　　　　　　　　importance to safety in production.
自從他接管工廠以來，他一直在強調(diào)安全生產(chǎn)的重要性。
7.Tom， who 　　　　　　　　　　English for many years， is fluent in spoken English now.
湯姆多年來一直在學(xué)習(xí)英語，現(xiàn)在他的英語口語很流利了。
8.We 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　for the past few weeks.I hope it will be finished next week.
過去幾個星期我們一直在做這個實驗。我希望下周能完成。
9.Keeping learning and improving myself is what I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
不斷學(xué)習(xí)和提升自己是我一直在做的事情。
10.Since last week， the students 　　　　　　　　　　　　at doing voluntary work at the nearby railway station.
自上星期以來，學(xué)生們一直輪流到附近的火車站做志愿工作。
維度三：語法與語篇
用所給詞的適當形式完成下面短文
　　Last night， I 1.　　　　　 （go） to see a concert by the Chinese-born Canadian artist Liu Fang.She was born in China and 2.　　　　　 （study） music in Shanghai， but she 3.　　　　　　　　 （live） in Canada since 1996.She 4.　　　　　　　　 （play） traditional Chinese music since she was very young.Last night， she 5.　　　　　 （perform） a series of classical Chinese pieces for the pipa and the guzheng.I 6.　　　　　　 （buy） a CD of her music after the concert and I 7.　　　　　　　　 （listen） to it all day today！
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　Depending on the right combination of currents and wind， a large mass of Sargassum （馬尾藻） “seaweed”circling the Gulf of Mexico may soon wash up along the US coast near Florida.The bloom （藻華），which is likely to be the largest ever recorded，is visible from space.
　　Sargassum is a type of leafy， rootless algae that form large floating mats on the ocean floor.It can be found in the Sargasso Sea and was first mentioned by Christopher Columbus in 1492 when he was afraid his ship would become trapped in it.
　　Sargassum is an important habitat for marine species because it provides food， shelter， and breeding grounds.It absorbs carbon dioxide， an important greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming， just like other floating marine vegetation， according to Phys.org.However， when tons of it gathers along coastlines， it sends out a terrible strong smell which can cause headaches， eye discomfort， and upset stomachs.Too much algae on beaches can harm marine ecosystems and make it difficult for people to keep on with their recreational and fishing activities， costing communities millions of dollars.
　　Scientists have been tracking the formation of large Sargassum blooms.However， this year’s bloom could be the largest ever， covering more than 8，800 kilometers from the coasts of Africa to the Gulf of Mexico and weighing 10 million tons.
　　It is critical to improve Sargassum management.The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations （FAO） not only advocates best practices in Sargassum clean-up and removal， but also cooperates with governments and communities to develop policies， standards， and measures to protect public and environmental health.FAO is also promoting ways to repurpose Sargassum， turning it into products to provide additional employment and income.In fact， small businesses are already using Sargassum to make bricks， shoes， soaps and paper.Larger businesses are considering turning Sargassum into renewable energy， bioplastics and compost.
1.Why does the author mention space in Paragraph 1？
A.To stress the Sargassum bloom is massive.
B.To explain how currents and wind combine.
C.To show what the Gulf of Mexico looks like from space.
D.To demonstrate how the Sargassum movement was tracked.　
2.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about？
A.Sargassum’s significance in the marine economy.
B.The process of Sargassum’s moving to the coast.
C.Sargassum’s contribution to reducing global warming.
D.The double-edged effects of Sargassum’s existence.
3.How do small businesses fight against Sargassum blooms？
A.They participate in clean-up activities.
B.They help rebuild marine ecosystems.
C.They create products from Sargassum.
D.They transform Sargassum into resources.
4.What would be the best title for the text？
A.Smelly Seaweed Bloom Heads to Florida
B.FAO Now Works on Reducing Marine Litter
C.Groundbreaking Project Turns Sargassum into Plastics
D.Sargassum is Changing the Beach Vacation in Mexico
B
　　Engineers have launched a huge garbage collection device to gather plastic floating in the Pacific Ocean between California and Hawaii.The plastic makes up what is called the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.It is the world’s largest spread of garbage， twice the size of the state of Texas.
　　The organisation The Ocean Cleanup created the collection device.The group’s founder is Boyan Slat， a 24-year-old inventor from the Netherlands.When Slat was 16， he went diving in the Mediterranean Sea and saw more plastic bags than fish.Since then， he has made up his mind to clean up the ocean.
　　He told the Associated Press that researchers with his organisation have found plastic from the 1960s and 1970s among the materials in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.It contains an estimated 1.8 trillion pieces of plastic in total.Most of them float on the surface of the water， or are within a few metres under the surface.
　　Last Saturday， a ship pulling the pipe-shaped floating barrier left San Francisco for the Garbage Patch.The barrier， called the floater， is 600 metres across.Attached to it is a screen （濾網(wǎng)） that hangs three metres down in the water.The screen is designed to collect the plastic as it moves through the water.Sea animals can safely swim under the barrier.The clean-up system also comes with lights powered by the sun， cameras， and other special devices.Slat said these enabled the system to report its position at all times.
　　Shipping containers will hold all the plastic gathered， including bottles and fishing equipment.Slat said the containers are expected to be back on land within a year.Then the plastic will be recycled.And they will also study how the system performs in severe ocean conditions， including huge waves.
5.How did Boyan Slat react to that diving in the Mediterranean Sea？
A.He showed a great interest in diving.
B.He became worried about his safety.
C.He decided to remove the garbage in the ocean.
D.He became curious about underwater creatures.
6.What has the organisation The Ocean Cleanup found about the Great Pacific Garbage Patch？
A.Most of its plastic is half a century old.
B.It covers almost the size of the state of Texas.
C.Altogether there are about 1.8 billion pieces of plastic.
D.The majority of its plastic floats on or near the surface.
7.Why was a screen attached to the floater？
A.To power lights in the ship.
B.To protect sea animals near it.
C.To tell the position of the ship.
D.To collect plastic along the way.
8.What is the text mainly about？
A.Approaches to removing garbage in the ocean.
B.The problem of garbage in the Pacific Ocean.
C.A young man who does well in classifying garbage.
D.A huge device made to clean garbage in the ocean.
C
　　If you really want to go green， here’s good news：eating green is good for you.The very foods with a high carbon cost — meat， pork， dairy products， processed snacks — also tend to be filled with fat and calories.A green diet would be mostly vegetables and fruit， whole grains （全谷物）， fish and lean meats （瘦肉） like chicken — a diet that is good for environment and your figure.Eating green can be healthier and beneficial to the climate.
　　It may be hard to believe that a meal in a fast-food restaurant produces more carbon than your trip to a faraway place.More than 37％ of the world’s land is used for agriculture， much of which was once forested.Deforestation （砍伐森林） is a major source of carbon.The fertilizer （化肥） and machinery needed on a modern farm also have a large carbon footprint， as does the network of ships and trucks that brings the food from the farm to your plate.
　　The most efficient way to reduce the carbon footprint of your menu is to eat less meat， especially beef.Raising cattle takes a lot more energy than growing the equivalent （相等的） amount of grains， fruit or vegetables.What’s more， the majority of cattle in the US are fed on grain and loads of it — 670 million tons in 2002 — and the fertilizer used to feed that creates separate environmental problems.
　　Focus on eating lower on the food chain， with more plants and fruits and less meat and dairy.It’s simple.We can change today what goes into our bodies for the health of our planet and ourselves.
9.According to the passage， what’s the benefit of eating green？
A.It will protect the animals from being killed.
B.It will promote the development of agriculture.
C.It will help us lose weight and keep self-confidence.
D.It will be good for our health and make a change for the climate.
10.What will not lead to carbon in the agriculture？
A.Grains. B.Fertiliser.
C.Machinery. D.Deforestation.
11.In the author’s opinion， what’s the most efficient way to reduce carbon in our diet？
A.To use less fertilizer.
B.To plant more grains.
C.To stop raising the cattle.
D.To eat more vegetables than meat.
12.What is the passage mainly about？
A.The change of our menu.
B.How to reduce the carbon.
C.The benefits of eating green.
D.The ways of keeping healthy.
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　With his leg lame and his teeth uneven， the boy thought of himself as the most unfortunate child in the world.He 　13　 played with his classmates， and when asked to answer questions， he always 　14　 his head without a word.
　　One spring， his father brought home some saplings （樹苗）.Each of his children would plant a sapling and he promised，“Whoever 　15　 his sapling best shall get a gift.” The boy certainly wanted to get the gift.But seeing his brothers and sisters watering the trees， he 　16　 an idea — he hoped the tree he planted would die soon.So watering it once or twice， he never 　17　 it.
　　Several days later， he was 　18　 to find it not only didn’t die， but also grew so many fresh 　pared with those of his brothers’ and sisters’， his appeared greener.His father kept his 　20　， bought the boy a gift and said he would become an outstanding 　21　 after growing up.
　　From then on， the boy slowly became 　22　 and confident.One evening， he suddenly remembered his biology teacher once said that plants 　23　 grow at night.Why not go to see the tree？
　　When he came to the 　24　， he found his father working near the tree！Immediately he 　25　： Father had been secretly 　26　 his tree！He returned to his room， tears in his eyes.
　　Decades passed.The boy didn’t become a botanist.Instead， he became the US president.His name was Franklin Roosevelt.
　　　27　 is the best nourishment （滋養(yǎng)物） of life.Even though it is just a bucket of water， it can make the tree of life grow well！
13.A.seldom　　　　　　　 B.ever
C.still D.often
14.A.helped B.raised
C.lowered D.covered
15.A.photographs B.protects
C.watches D.grows
16.A.came up with B.got rid of
C.cared for D.put forward
17.A.contributed to B.attended to
C.got used to D.turned to
18.A.amused B.frightened
C.disappointed D.surprised
19.A.roots B.flowers
C.leaves D.seeds
20.A.opinion B.balance
C.agreement D.word
21.A.teacher B.gardener
C.botanist D.president
22.A.satisfied B.upset
C.independent D.optimistic
23.A.hardly B.generally
C.recently D.probably
24.A.bedroom B.classroom
C.courtyard D.workplace
25.A.doubted B.admitted
C.wondered D.understood
26.A.cutting B.watering
C.decorating D.fertilizing
27.A.Love B.Confidence
C.Disability D.Honesty
Section Ⅱ　Using language
基礎(chǔ)知識自測
維度一
1.has been considering； hasn’t decided　2.have been sleeping
3.has been writing　4.have been wrestling　5.have been investigating　6.has been looking　7.has been extending
8.have been doing　9.have visited　10.have made
維度二
1.have taken part in
2.has been decreasing
3.have been looking for
4.have been trying
5.have you been doing
6.took over； has been attaching
7.has been studying
8.have been conducting the experiment
9.have been doing
10.have been taking turns
維度三
1.went　2.studied　3.has been living　4.has been playing　5.performed　6.bought　7.have been listening
素養(yǎng)能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了馬尾藻對海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和沿海社區(qū)的影響。
1.A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知，作者在第一段中提到太空是為了強調(diào)這可能是有記錄以來最大的藻華，并且從太空中可見。
2.D　段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，本段主要講述了馬尾藻的好處和危害，即馬尾藻的雙刃劍效應(yīng)。
3.C　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的In fact， small businesses are already using Sargassum to make bricks， shoes， soaps and paper.可知，小企業(yè)是通過馬尾藻制造產(chǎn)品來對抗藻華的。
4.A　標題歸納題。通讀全文可知，文章主要討論了馬尾藻可能沿著墨西哥灣將會在佛羅里達附近的美國海岸上沖上來，同時也提到了它的臭味和對人們的影響。故A項為文章最佳標題。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了博楊·斯雷特因為在潛水時發(fā)現(xiàn)水中有大量垃圾，所以決定組建團隊，清除海洋垃圾。該組織最近發(fā)明了一種新的裝置，在清理海洋垃圾中有顯著的效果。
5.C　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后兩句可知，斯雷特在潛水時發(fā)現(xiàn)水中的垃圾比魚都多，所以他下定決心清除海洋中的垃圾。
6.D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句可知，太平洋垃圾帶的大部分垃圾都漂浮在海洋的表面或水面以下幾米深的地方。
7.D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的The screen is designed to collect the plastic as it moves through the water.可知，濾網(wǎng)是該設(shè)備在水中移動時用來收集塑料垃圾的。
8.D　主旨大意題。縱觀全文可知，本文主要介紹了一個最新的大型垃圾收集裝置在清理海洋垃圾方面的作用和工作原理。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了吃綠色食物的好處：有益于身體健康和環(huán)境保護。
9.D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的Eating green can be healthier and beneficial to the climate.可知，吃綠色食物有益于我們的健康，改變氣候。
10.A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的Deforestation （砍伐森林） is a major source ...the farm to your plate.可知，砍伐森林、肥料、機械都會導(dǎo)致碳排放，A項未提及。
11.D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句和最后一段可知，在作者看來，減少碳排放最有效的方法是多吃蔬菜少吃肉。
12.C　主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章主要講的是綠色食物不僅對身體有益而且也會有益于氣候，即文章主要說明了吃綠色食物的好處。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一個自認為天生不幸的小男孩經(jīng)過一次種樹的經(jīng)歷，受到父親的鼓勵和幫助而變得自信，后來成為美國總統(tǒng)的故事。文章旨在告訴讀者：愛是滋潤孩子心靈的最好的養(yǎng)料。
13.A　根據(jù)上下文可知，小男孩牙齒不齊又跛腳，認為自己是最不幸的，因此很少和同學(xué)們一起玩。
14.C　小男孩認為自己最不幸，且很少與同學(xué)們玩，因此被提問時總是低頭逃避回答問題。lower one’s head 意為“低下頭”。
15.D　父親承諾樹種得最好的人可以獲得獎品。上文中的plant亦是提示。
16.A　根據(jù)下文的he hoped the tree he planted would die soon可知，小男孩想到一個主意。come up with 意為“想出，想到”； get rid of “擺脫，丟棄，毀掉”；care for “照顧”；put forward “提出”。
17.B　小男孩希望小樹很快死掉，所以給它澆了一兩次水之后，他再沒有照顧過小樹。contribute to “有助于”； attend to “照顧，關(guān)懷”；get used to “習(xí)慣于”； turn to “求助于”。
18.D　小樹的成長和小男孩的心理預(yù)期相反，所以他感到驚訝。
19.C　根據(jù)Compared with those of his brothers’ and sisters’， his appeared greener.可知，與他的哥哥姐姐們的樹相比，他的樹顯得更綠；再結(jié)合常識可推知，他的樹長出了許多嫩葉。
20.D　keep one’s word 意為“信守諾言”，空處和上文中的he promised相呼應(yīng)。
21.C　根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的The boy didn’t become a botanist.可知，此處表示父親說小男孩長大后會成為一名出色的植物學(xué)家。
22.D　第一段中提到小男孩很少與同學(xué)們一起玩，還總是低頭逃避回答問題，這表明他悲觀、不開朗、不自信。種樹一事是他第一次有所成就并得到鼓勵，這無疑對他起到積極的作用，此前精神低落的狀態(tài)逐漸改變。另外結(jié)合空后的confident一詞也可推知，應(yīng)選optimistic。
23.B　根據(jù)常識和下文中的Why not go to see the tree？可知，小男孩回想起生物老師說過植物一般在夜間生長。generally表示“通常，一般地”。
24.C　小男孩想去看看樹，應(yīng)該是去了院子里。courtyard 意為“庭院，院子”。
25.D　看到眼前的景象，小男孩立刻明白了是父親一直在暗中幫助他給小樹澆水。
26.B　參見上題解析。
27.A　小樹和小男孩的共同點是都得到了關(guān)愛，此處指愛是最好的養(yǎng)料。
6 / 6Section Ⅱ　Using language
現(xiàn)在完成進行時
1.All this time，the song “Sky Railway” has been playing inside my head.
2.The journey has been flying by， and before I know it ...
3.The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has been attracting people’s admiration for centuries.
4.Now，thanks to our efforts，passengers from all over the country have been enjoying these magical landscapes.
【我的發(fā)現(xiàn)】
現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示動作開始于　　　　，并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，動作可能仍在進行，也可能剛剛結(jié)束。現(xiàn)在完成進行時的構(gòu)成：　　　　　　　　　　，如句1、句2、句3和句4。
一、概念
現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示動作從過去某一時間開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)進行下去。
二、結(jié)構(gòu)
1.肯定形式：have/has＋been doing （第三人稱單數(shù)用has，其他人稱用have）
I have been waiting for you.
我一直在等你。
2.否定形式：have/has＋not＋been doing
He hasn’t been using the car for the last two months.
過去的兩個月他一直沒用車。
三、用法
1.表示動作從過去某時開始一直持續(xù)到說話時還在進行，或可能還要繼續(xù)下去。通常和“for＋時間段”或“since＋時間點（或從句）”的時間狀語連用。
It has been snowing for three hours.
雪已經(jīng)下了三個小時了。（從過去某一時間開始下雪，強調(diào)到現(xiàn)在還在下）
2.表示不久前剛剛結(jié)束的動作。這種意義通常根據(jù)上下文來判斷。
—Sorry！ I’m late.How long have you been waiting for me？
—We have been waiting for you for half an hour.
——很抱歉，我來遲了。你們等多長時間了？
——我們已經(jīng)等了你半個小時了。
3.強調(diào)動作延續(xù)時間的長久或帶有感彩。
She’s been saying that twenty times.
那話她已經(jīng)說了二十遍了。
4.表示這段時間反復(fù)發(fā)生的事情。
I have been visiting some cities of China this month.
這個月我一直在訪問中國的一些城市。
四、不能用現(xiàn)在完成進行時的情況
1.某些不能用于進行時的動詞同樣也不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進行時，只能用現(xiàn)在完成時，如see， hear， know， have， like， be等。
He has been having a cold for two weeks.（×）
He has had a cold for two weeks.（√）
他已經(jīng)感冒兩個星期了。
2.不具有延續(xù)意義的動詞，如finish， come， go， marry等不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進行時。
【即時演練1】　單句語法填空
①Mark 　　　　　　　　（work） really hard on his book and he thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday.
②We haven’t decided whether to have a second child.We 　　　　　　　　（think） about it the whole year.
③It seems that the water from this tap 　　　　　　　　（run） for some time.We have to take it apart to put it right.
④The Chinese 　　　　　　　　（make） paper for two thousand years.
⑤Car prices 　　　　　　　　（decline） for six months because these prices are negotiable.
五、現(xiàn)在完成時與現(xiàn)在完成進行時的區(qū)別
1.完成性
現(xiàn)在完成時的“已完成”用法強調(diào)動作的完成，現(xiàn)在完成進行時側(cè)重于表示未完成。
I have dialed four times.I don’t think anyone is in the office.
我已經(jīng)撥了四次電話了，我認為辦公室里沒人。
I have been dialling.I don’t think anyone is in the office.
我一直在打電話，我認為辦公室里沒人。
2.動作的持久性
現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作過程的持續(xù)性，而現(xiàn)在完成進行時更強調(diào)動作延續(xù)時間的長久性。
I have stayed in Lisbon for six weeks.
我在里斯本待了六周。
I have been staying in Lisbon for six weeks.
我在里斯本待六周了。
3.動作的頻繁性
現(xiàn)在完成時同某些頻度副詞或數(shù)字連用時，表示反復(fù)的但可能有間斷的動作，現(xiàn)在完成進行時可以表示斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地重復(fù)的動作，但不能同表示具體次數(shù)和具體數(shù)字的詞并用。
I have posted a dozen postcards， but received none.
我寄出了一打賀卡，可一張（別人給我的）也沒收到。
I have been posting postcards since early December.
自十二月初開始，我一直都在忙著寄賀卡。
I have read this book Pride and Prejudice several times.（√）
I have been reading this book Pride and Prejudice several times.（×）
《傲慢與偏見》這本書我已經(jīng)讀過好幾遍了。
4.感彩
現(xiàn)在完成時感彩不濃，而現(xiàn)在完成進行時帶有較為強烈的感彩。
You have been disturbing me.
你一直在打擾我。
Someone has been speaking ill of me.
有人一直在說我的壞話。
5.其他用法
（1）現(xiàn)代英語中，如lie， rest， wait， stay， sleep等謂語動詞更傾向于用現(xiàn)在完成進行時。
The baby has been sleeping for about ten minutes.
這個嬰兒已經(jīng)睡了大約十分鐘了。
（2）love， know等狀態(tài)動詞，要用現(xiàn)在完成時，不用現(xiàn)在完成進行時。
They have known each other for ten years.
他們認識十年了。
【即時演練2】　選擇填空
①— Why is the table in such a mess？
— 　　　
②Have something to eat.　　　　 Here you are.
A.I’ve been making a salad.
B.I’ve made a salad.
③We have visited England 　　　　.
④We have been visiting England 　　　　.
A.six times
B.since we started learning English
⑤Someone has eaten our toasts.　　　
⑥Someone has been eating our toasts.　　
A.There is only one toast left.
B.They are all gone.
⑦How long 　　　　？
⑧How many times 　　　　？
A.have you been trying to contact me
B.have you tried to contact me
⑨I’ve typed 　　　　.
⑩I’ve been typing 　　　　.
A.three letters since you came home
B.letters since you came home
economy n.經(jīng)濟
【教材原句】　For countries such as Costa Rica， Kenya and Nepal， ecotourism is an important part of the economy.對哥斯達黎加、肯尼亞和尼泊爾等國家來說，生態(tài)旅游是經(jīng)濟的重要組成部分。
【用法】
（1）economic adj.　　　　經(jīng)濟的，經(jīng)濟上的；經(jīng)濟學(xué)的
economic development 經(jīng)濟發(fā)展
（2）economical adj. 經(jīng)濟的；節(jié)約的；精打細算的
（3）economics n. 經(jīng)濟學(xué)
（4）economist n. 經(jīng)濟學(xué)家
【佳句】　The number of tourists declined by at least 20％ last year because of the slow-growing economy.
由于經(jīng)濟增長緩慢，去年游客數(shù)量至少下降了20％。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Successful businesses are highly adaptable to 　　　　　　（economy） change.
②Going by train is more 　　　　　　（economy） than going by plane.
③We should be exposed to the knowledge of finance and 　　　　　　（economic）.
【寫美】　補全句子
④　　　　　　　　　　　　 makes it possible for everyone to have access to 5G network.
中國快速發(fā)展的經(jīng)濟使每個人使用5G網(wǎng)絡(luò)成為可能。
disturb v.干擾，擾亂
【教材原句】　disturb the wildlife 打擾野生動物
【用法】
（1）disturbing adj.　引起煩惱的；令人不安的
（2）disturbed adj. 心神不寧的；精神失常的；煩惱的
emotionally/mentally disturbed 情緒/精神失常的
be disturbed about 對……感到憂慮
（3）disturbance n. 打擾
【佳句】　I’m sorry to disturb you， but can I talk to you for a moment？
對不起，打擾你一下，我能跟你談一會兒嗎？
【練透】　單句語法填空
①With her cousins making much noise in her room， the 　　　　　　（disturb） girl cannot help frowning.
②At that time， hunger was a 　　　　（disturb） problem in many parts of the countryside.
③Police are very disturbed 　　　　　　the latest trend.
【寫美】　補全句子
④Don’t run to and from in the classroom.It may 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
不要在教室里來回跑，這可能會干擾其他學(xué)生。
operator n.經(jīng)營者；操作員
【教材原句】　You are a hotel operator who wants to build a hotel on some forested land.
你是一個酒店經(jīng)營者，想在森林密布的地方建一個酒店。
【用法】
（1）operate vi　　　　　 　運轉(zhuǎn)；動手術(shù)
vt. 操作；經(jīng)營
operate on/upon sb 給某人動手術(shù)
（2）operation n. 手術(shù)；運轉(zhuǎn)；操作
come/go into operation 開始工作/運轉(zhuǎn)；生效
put/bring ...into operation 實施/施行……
【佳句】　She showed me around the building in which she once worked as a lift operator.
她帶我參觀了她曾經(jīng)在里面做過電梯操作員的那棟大樓。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The new plant is under construction and will come 　　　　　　operation next year.
②The woman was walking up and down outside the operation room， because her son was being operated 　　　　　　.
【寫美】　補全句子
③As is estimated， more than 20 million shared bikes will have been 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　nationwide by 2025.
據(jù)估計，到2025年，全國將有超過2，000萬輛共享單車投入運營。
conservationist n.（動植物或古舊建筑的）保護工作者；環(huán)境保護主義者
【教材原句】　You are a conservationist who wants to protect the wildlife there.
你是一個環(huán)境保護主義者，想要保護那里的野生動物。
【用法】
（1）conserve vt.　　　　保護；保存；節(jié)約
conserve energy 節(jié)約能源
（2）conservation n. （對自然環(huán)境的）保護； 防止流失
wildlife conservation 野生動物保護
（3）conservative adj. 保守的
conservative view 保守觀念
【佳句】　It takes a seasoned conservationist like Mr Wang a whole year to restore just three to four paintings.
像王先生這樣經(jīng)驗豐富的自然保護主義者，花了整整一年的時間才修復(fù)了三到四幅畫。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Giant pandas are seen as living proof that 　　　　　　（conserve） works， the numbers of which are recovering after years of decline.
②Charlie goes on a series of misadventures to find the kangaroo， with the help of Jessie， a wildlife 　　　　　　（conserve）.
【寫美】　補全句子
③Therefore， effective measures should be taken and laws should be passed to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
因此，應(yīng)采取有效措施并通過法律來保護環(huán)境。
Section Ⅱ　Using language
【重難語法·要攻克】
我的發(fā)現(xiàn)
1.過去　2.have/has been＋現(xiàn)在分詞
即時演練1
①has been working　②have been thinking　③has been running　④have been making　⑤have been declining
即時演練2
①A　②B　③A　④B　⑤B　⑥A　⑦A　⑧B　⑨A　⑩B
【知識要點·須拾遺】
1.①economic　②economical　③economics
④The fast growing economy of China
2.①disturbed　②disturbing　③about
④disturb other students
3.①into　②on　③put/brought into operation
4.①conservation　②conservationist　③conserve environment
6 / 6(共91張PPT)
Section Ⅱ　Using language
1
重難語法·要攻克
目 錄
3
課時檢測·提能力
2
知識要點·須拾遺
1
重難語法·要攻克
掌握核心語法
現(xiàn)在完成進行時
　　
1. All this time，the song “Sky Railway” has been playing inside my
head.
2. The journey has been flying by， and before I know it ...
3. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has been attracting people’s admiration
for centuries.
4. Now，thanks to our efforts，passengers from all over the country
have been enjoying these magical landscapes.
【我的發(fā)現(xiàn)】
現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示動作開始于 ，并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，動作
可能仍在進行，也可能剛剛結(jié)束。現(xiàn)在完成進行時的構(gòu)
成： ，如句1、句2、句3和句4。
過去　
have/has been＋現(xiàn)在分詞　
一、概念
現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示動作從過去某一時間開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可
能還要繼續(xù)進行下去。
二、結(jié)構(gòu)
1. 肯定形式：have/has＋been doing （第三人稱單數(shù)用has，其他人稱
用have）
I have been waiting for you.
我一直在等你。
2. 否定形式：have/has＋not＋been doing
He hasn’t been using the car for the last two months.
過去的兩個月他一直沒用車。
三、用法
1. 表示動作從過去某時開始一直持續(xù)到說話時還在進行，或可能還要
繼續(xù)下去。通常和“for＋時間段”或“since＋時間點（或從句）”的
時間狀語連用。
It has been snowing for three hours.
雪已經(jīng)下了三個小時了。（從過去某一時間開始下雪，強調(diào)到現(xiàn)在
還在下）
2. 表示不久前剛剛結(jié)束的動作。這種意義通常根據(jù)上下文來判斷。
—Sorry！ I’m late.How long have you been waiting for me？
—We have been waiting for you for half an hour.
——很抱歉，我來遲了。你們等多長時間了？
——我們已經(jīng)等了你半個小時了。
3. 強調(diào)動作延續(xù)時間的長久或帶有感彩。
She’s been saying that twenty times.
那話她已經(jīng)說了二十遍了。
4. 表示這段時間反復(fù)發(fā)生的事情。
I have been visiting some cities of China this month.
這個月我一直在訪問中國的一些城市。
四、不能用現(xiàn)在完成進行時的情況
1. 某些不能用于進行時的動詞同樣也不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進行時，只能
用現(xiàn)在完成時，如see， hear， know， have， like， be等。
He has been having a cold for two weeks.（×）
He has had a cold for two weeks.（√）
他已經(jīng)感冒兩個星期了。
2. 不具有延續(xù)意義的動詞，如finish， come， go， marry等不能用于
現(xiàn)在完成進行時。
【即時演練1】　單句語法填空
①Mark （work） really hard on his book and
he thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday.
②We haven’t decided whether to have a second child.We
（think） about it the whole year.
③It seems that the water from this tap （run）
for some time.We have to take it apart to put it right.
④The Chinese （make） paper for two
thousand years.
⑤Car prices （decline） for six months
because these prices are negotiable.
has been working　
have been
thinking　
has been running　
have been making　
have been declining　
五、現(xiàn)在完成時與現(xiàn)在完成進行時的區(qū)別
1. 完成性
現(xiàn)在完成時的“已完成”用法強調(diào)動作的完成，現(xiàn)在完成進行時側(cè)重
于表示未完成。
I have dialed four times.I don’t think anyone is in the office.
我已經(jīng)撥了四次電話了，我認為辦公室里沒人。
I have been dialling.I don’t think anyone is in the office.
我一直在打電話，我認為辦公室里沒人。
2. 動作的持久性
現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作過程的持續(xù)性，而現(xiàn)在完成進行時更強調(diào)動作
延續(xù)時間的長久性。
I have stayed in Lisbon for six weeks.
我在里斯本待了六周。
I have been staying in Lisbon for six weeks.
我在里斯本待六周了。
3. 動作的頻繁性
現(xiàn)在完成時同某些頻度副詞或數(shù)字連用時，表示反復(fù)的但可能有間
斷的動作，現(xiàn)在完成進行時可以表示斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地重復(fù)的動作，但不
能同表示具體次數(shù)和具體數(shù)字的詞并用。
I have posted a dozen postcards， but received none.
我寄出了一打賀卡，可一張（別人給我的）也沒收到。
I have been posting postcards since early December.
自十二月初開始，我一直都在忙著寄賀卡。
I have read this book Pride and Prejudice several times.（√）
I have been reading this book Pride and Prejudice several times.
（×）
《傲慢與偏見》這本書我已經(jīng)讀過好幾遍了。
4. 感彩
現(xiàn)在完成時感彩不濃，而現(xiàn)在完成進行時帶有較為強烈的感情
色彩。
You have been disturbing me.
你一直在打擾我。
Someone has been speaking ill of me.
有人一直在說我的壞話。
5. 其他用法
（1）現(xiàn)代英語中，如lie， rest， wait， stay， sleep等謂語動詞更
傾向于用現(xiàn)在完成進行時。
The baby has been sleeping for about ten minutes.
這個嬰兒已經(jīng)睡了大約十分鐘了。
（2）love， know等狀態(tài)動詞，要用現(xiàn)在完成時，不用現(xiàn)在完成進
行時。
They have known each other for ten years.
他們認識十年了。
【即時演練2】　選擇填空
①— Why is the table in such a mess？
— 　　　　
②Have something to eat. 　　　　 Here you are.
A. I’ve been making a salad.
B. I’ve made a salad.
答案：①A　②B　
答案：　③A　④B
③We have visited England 　　　　.
④We have been visiting England 　　　　.
A. six times
B. since we started learning English
⑤Someone has eaten our toasts. 　　　　
⑥Someone has been eating our toasts. 　　　　
A. There is only one toast left.
B. They are all gone.
⑦How long 　　　　？
⑧How many times 　　　　？
A. have you been trying to contact me
B. have you tried to contact me
答案：⑤B　⑥A　⑦A　⑧B
⑨I’ve typed 　　　　.
⑩I’ve been typing 　　　　.
A. three letters since you came home
B. letters since you came home
答案：⑨A　⑩B
2
知識要點·須拾遺
關(guān)注高頻詞匯
economy n.經(jīng)濟
【教材原句】　For countries such as Costa Rica， Kenya and
Nepal， ecotourism is an important part of the economy.對哥斯達黎
加、肯尼亞和尼泊爾等國家來說，生態(tài)旅游是經(jīng)濟的重要組成部分。
【用法】
（1）economic adj.　　　　經(jīng)濟的，經(jīng)濟上的；經(jīng)濟學(xué)的
economic development　　經(jīng)濟發(fā)展
（2）economical adj.　　經(jīng)濟的；節(jié)約的；精打細算的
（3）economics n.　　經(jīng)濟學(xué)
（4）economist n.　　經(jīng)濟學(xué)家
【佳句】　The number of tourists declined by at least 20％ last year
because of the slow-growing economy.
由于經(jīng)濟增長緩慢，去年游客數(shù)量至少下降了20％。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Successful businesses are highly adaptable to
（economy） change.
②Going by train is more （economy） than going by
plane.
③We should be exposed to the knowledge of finance
and （economic）.
economic　
economical　
economics　
【寫美】　補全句子
④ makes it possible for
everyone to have access to 5G network.
中國快速發(fā)展的經(jīng)濟使每個人使用5G網(wǎng)絡(luò)成為可能。
The fast growing economy of China　
disturb v.干擾，擾亂
【教材原句】　disturb the wildlife 打擾野生動物
【用法】
（1）disturbing adj.　引起煩惱的；令人不安的
（2）disturbed adj.　　心神不寧的；精神失常的；煩惱的
emotionally/mentally disturbed
　　情緒/精神失常的
be disturbed about　　對……感到憂慮
（3）disturbance n.　　打擾
【佳句】　I’m sorry to disturb you， but can I talk to you for a
moment？
對不起，打擾你一下，我能跟你談一會兒嗎？
【練透】　單句語法填空
①With her cousins making much noise in her room，
the （disturb） girl cannot help frowning.
②At that time， hunger was a （disturb） problem in
many parts of the countryside.
③Police are very disturbed the latest trend.
disturbed　
disturbing　
about　
【寫美】　補全句子
④Don’t run to and from in the classroom.It may
.
不要在教室里來回跑，這可能會干擾其他學(xué)生。
disturb other
students　
operator n.經(jīng)營者；操作員
【教材原句】　You are a hotel operator who wants to build a hotel on
some forested land.
你是一個酒店經(jīng)營者，想在森林密布的地方建一個酒店。
【用法】
（1）operate vi　　　　　 　運轉(zhuǎn)；動手術(shù)
vt.　　操作；經(jīng)營
operate on/upon sb　　給某人動手術(shù)
（2）operation n.　　手術(shù)；運轉(zhuǎn)；操作
come/go into operation 開始工作/運轉(zhuǎn)；生效
put/bring ...into operation 實施/施行……
【佳句】　She showed me around the building in which she once
worked as a lift operator.
她帶我參觀了她曾經(jīng)在里面做過電梯操作員的那棟大樓。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The new plant is under construction and will come
operation next year.
②The woman was walking up and down outside the operation room，
because her son was being operated .
into　
on　
【寫美】　補全句子
③As is estimated， more than 20 million shared bikes will have
been nationwide by 2025.
據(jù)估計，到2025年，全國將有超過2，000萬輛共享單車投入運營。
put/brought into operation　
conservationist n.（動植物或古舊建筑的）保護工作者；環(huán)境保護
主義者
【教材原句】　You are a conservationist who wants to protect the
wildlife there.
你是一個環(huán)境保護主義者，想要保護那里的野生動物。
【用法】
（1）conserve vt.　　　　保護；保存；節(jié)約
conserve energy　　節(jié)約能源
（2）conservation n.　　（對自然環(huán)境的）保護； 防止流失
wildlife conservation　　野生動物保護
（3）conservative adj.　　保守的
conservative view　　保守觀念
【佳句】　It takes a seasoned conservationist like Mr Wang a whole
year to restore just three to four paintings.
像王先生這樣經(jīng)驗豐富的自然保護主義者，花了整整一年的時間才修
復(fù)了三到四幅畫。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Giant pandas are seen as living proof that
（conserve） works， the numbers of which are recovering after
years of decline.
②Charlie goes on a series of misadventures to find the kangaroo，
with the help of Jessie， a wildlife （conserve）.
conservation　
conservationist　
【寫美】　補全句子
③Therefore， effective measures should be taken and laws should be
passed to .
因此，應(yīng)采取有效措施并通過法律來保護環(huán)境。
conserve environment　
3
課時檢測·提能力
培育學(xué)科素養(yǎng)
維度一：基礎(chǔ)題型練
用所給動詞的正確時態(tài)填空
1. Now that Lucy is out of work， she
（consider） going back to school， but she
（not， decide） yet.
2. Since that unfortunate accident last week， I
（sleep） badly.
has been considering　
hasn’t decided　
have been
sleeping　
3. He （write） articles for our newspaper these
three years， and he has written about thirty articles.
4. Ι （wrestle） with this physics problem for
a whole morning， but I haven’t worked it out.
5. They （investigate） the murder for
three weeks， and have already found some valuable clues.
6. “Your child （look） for an opportunity to
climb out of the window all day long，” the man said as he gave the
child back to her.
has been writing　
have been wrestling　
have been investigating　
has been looking　
7. In the past one hour， the fire （extend）
almost to the top floor， with residents crowding into roof exit.
8. Shall the kids take a break？ They （do）
homework in the study for nearly two hours.
9. This is the first time that I （visit） Xi’an and I am
deeply impressed with its ancient buildings.
10. Thank to your constant encouragement， I
（make） great progress in my studies in the past few months.
has been extending　
have been doing　
have visited　
have made　
維度二：語法與寫作
補全句子
1. It is the first time that we the film festival in
New York， so we will have a special experience.
這是我們第一次在紐約參加電影節(jié)，所以我們會有一個特別的
體驗。
2. Over the past decades， sea ice in the
Arctic as a result of global warming.
在過去的幾十年里，由于全球變暖，北極的海冰一直在減少。
have taken part in　
has been decreasing　
3. I a job for three months， and this is my
first formal interview.
我一直找工作找了三個月了，這是我第一次正式面試。
4. All these years we to get in touch with him.
這些年來我們一直努力與他取得聯(lián)系。
5. You seem to be very busy.What recently？
你好像很忙，最近都在做些什么啊？
6. Ever since he the factory， he
importance to safety in production.
自從他接管工廠以來，他一直在強調(diào)安全生產(chǎn)的重要性。
have been looking for　
have been trying　
have you been doing　
took over　
has been attaching　
7. Tom， who English for many years， is
fluent in spoken English now.
湯姆多年來一直在學(xué)習(xí)英語，現(xiàn)在他的英語口語很流利了。
8. We for the past few
weeks.I hope it will be finished next week.
過去幾個星期我們一直在做這個實驗。我希望下周能完成。
9. Keeping learning and improving myself is what I
.
不斷學(xué)習(xí)和提升自己是我一直在做的事情。
has been studying　
have been conducting the experiment　
have been
doing　
10. Since last week， the students at doing
voluntary work at the nearby railway station.
自上星期以來，學(xué)生們一直輪流到附近的火車站做志愿工作。
have been taking turns　
維度三：語法與語篇
用所給詞的適當形式完成下面短文
　　Last night， I 1. （go） to see a concert by the Chinese-
born Canadian artist Liu Fang.She was born in China and
2. （study） music in Shanghai， but she 3.
（live） in Canada since 1996.She 4.
（play） traditional Chinese music since she was very young.Last
night， she 5. （perform） a series of classical Chinese
pieces for the pipa and the guzheng.I 6. （buy） a CD of
her music after the concert and I 7. （listen）
to it all day today！
went　
studied　
has been
living　
has been playing　
performed　
bought　
have been listening　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　Depending on the right combination of currents and wind， a
large mass of Sargassum （馬尾藻） “seaweed”circling the Gulf of
Mexico may soon wash up along the US coast near Florida.The bloom
（藻華），which is likely to be the largest ever recorded，is visible
from space.
　　Sargassum is a type of leafy， rootless algae that form large
floating mats on the ocean floor.It can be found in the Sargasso Sea
and was first mentioned by Christopher Columbus in 1492 when he
was afraid his ship would become trapped in it.
　　Sargassum is an important habitat for marine species because it
provides food， shelter， and breeding grounds.It absorbs carbon
dioxide， an important greenhouse gas that contributes to global
warming， just like other floating marine vegetation， according to
Phys.org.However， when tons of it gathers along coastlines， it sends
out a terrible strong smell which can cause headaches， eye
discomfort， and upset stomachs.Too much algae on beaches can
harm marine ecosystems and make it difficult for people to keep on
with their recreational and fishing activities， costing communities
millions of dollars.
　　Scientists have been tracking the formation of large Sargassum
blooms.However， this year’s bloom could be the largest ever，
covering more than 8，800 kilometers from the coasts of Africa to the
Gulf of Mexico and weighing 10 million tons.
　　It is critical to improve Sargassum management.The Food and
Agriculture Organization of the United Nations （FAO） not only
advocates best practices in Sargassum clean-up and removal， but
also cooperates with governments and communities to develop
policies， standards， and measures to protect public and
environmental health.FAO is also promoting ways to repurpose
Sargassum， turning it into products to provide additional
employment and income.In fact， small businesses are already using
Sargassum to make bricks， shoes， soaps and paper.Larger
businesses are considering turning Sargassum into renewable energy，
bioplastics and compost.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了馬尾藻對海洋生態(tài)
系統(tǒng)和沿海社區(qū)的影響。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了馬尾藻對海洋生態(tài)
系統(tǒng)和沿海社區(qū)的影響。
1. Why does the author mention space in Paragraph 1？
A. To stress the Sargassum bloom is massive.
B. To explain how currents and wind combine.
C. To show what the Gulf of Mexico looks like from space.
D. To demonstrate how the Sargassum movement was tracked.
解析：A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知，作者在第一段中提
到太空是為了強調(diào)這可能是有記錄以來最大的藻華，并且從太空中
可見。
2. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about？
A. Sargassum’s significance in the marine economy.
B. The process of Sargassum’s moving to the coast.
C. Sargassum’s contribution to reducing global warming.
D. The double-edged effects of Sargassum’s existence.
解析：D　段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，本段主要講述了馬
尾藻的好處和危害，即馬尾藻的雙刃劍效應(yīng)。
3. How do small businesses fight against Sargassum blooms？
A. They participate in clean-up activities.
B. They help rebuild marine ecosystems.
C. They create products from Sargassum.
D. They transform Sargassum into resources.
解析：C　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的In fact， small
businesses are already using Sargassum to make bricks，
shoes， soaps and paper.可知，小企業(yè)是通過馬尾藻制造產(chǎn)品
來對抗藻華的。
4. What would be the best title for the text？
A. Smelly Seaweed Bloom Heads to Florida
B. FAO Now Works on Reducing Marine Litter
C. Groundbreaking Project Turns Sargassum into Plastics
D. Sargassum is Changing the Beach Vacation in Mexico
解析：A　標題歸納題。通讀全文可知，文章主要討論了馬尾藻可
能沿著墨西哥灣將會在佛羅里達附近的美國海岸上沖上來，同時也
提到了它的臭味和對人們的影響。故A項為文章最佳標題。
B
　　Engineers have launched a huge garbage collection device to
gather plastic floating in the Pacific Ocean between California and
Hawaii.The plastic makes up what is called the Great Pacific Garbage
Patch.It is the world’s largest spread of garbage， twice the size of the
state of Texas.
　　The organisation The Ocean Cleanup created the collection
device.The group’s founder is Boyan Slat， a 24-year-old inventor
from the Netherlands.When Slat was 16， he went diving in the
Mediterranean Sea and saw more plastic bags than fish.Since then，
he has made up his mind to clean up the ocean.
　　He told the Associated Press that researchers with his
organisation have found plastic from the 1960s and 1970s among the
materials in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.It contains an estimated
1.8 trillion pieces of plastic in total.Most of them float on the surface of
the water， or are within a few metres under the surface.
　　Last Saturday， a ship pulling the pipe-shaped floating barrier
left San Francisco for the Garbage Patch.The barrier， called the
floater， is 600 metres across.Attached to it is a screen （濾網(wǎng)） that
hangs three metres down in the water.The screen is designed to collect
the plastic as it moves through the water.Sea animals can safely swim
under the barrier.The clean-up system also comes with lights powered
by the sun， cameras， and other special devices.Slat said these
enabled the system to report its position at all times.
　　Shipping containers will hold all the plastic gathered， including
bottles and fishing equipment.Slat said the containers are expected to
be back on land within a year.Then the plastic will be recycled.And
they will also study how the system performs in severe ocean
conditions， including huge waves.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了博楊·斯雷特因為在
潛水時發(fā)現(xiàn)水中有大量垃圾，所以決定組建團隊，清除海洋垃圾。
該組織最近發(fā)明了一種新的裝置，在清理海洋垃圾中有顯著的效
果。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了博楊·斯雷特因為在
潛水時發(fā)現(xiàn)水中有大量垃圾，所以決定組建團隊，清除海洋垃圾。
該組織最近發(fā)明了一種新的裝置，在清理海洋垃圾中有顯著的效
果。
5. How did Boyan Slat react to that diving in the Mediterranean Sea？
A. He showed a great interest in diving.
B. He became worried about his safety.
C. He decided to remove the garbage in the ocean.
D. He became curious about underwater creatures.
解析：C　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后兩句可知，斯雷特在潛水
時發(fā)現(xiàn)水中的垃圾比魚都多，所以他下定決心清除海洋中的垃圾。
6. What has the organisation The Ocean Cleanup found about the
Great Pacific Garbage Patch？
A. Most of its plastic is half a century old.
B. It covers almost the size of the state of Texas.
C. Altogether there are about 1.8 billion pieces of plastic.
D. The majority of its plastic floats on or near the surface.
解析：D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句可知，太平洋垃圾帶
的大部分垃圾都漂浮在海洋的表面或水面以下幾米深的地方。
7. Why was a screen attached to the floater？
A. To power lights in the ship.
B. To protect sea animals near it.
C. To tell the position of the ship.
D. To collect plastic along the way.
解析：D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的The screen is designed to
collect the plastic as it moves through the water.可知，濾網(wǎng)是該設(shè)
備在水中移動時用來收集塑料垃圾的。
8. What is the text mainly about？
A. Approaches to removing garbage in the ocean.
B. The problem of garbage in the Pacific Ocean.
C. A young man who does well in classifying garbage.
D. A huge device made to clean garbage in the ocean.
解析：D　主旨大意題。縱觀全文可知，本文主要介紹了一個最新
的大型垃圾收集裝置在清理海洋垃圾方面的作用和工作原理。
C
　　If you really want to go green， here’s good news：eating green is
good for you.The very foods with a high carbon cost — meat， pork，
dairy products， processed snacks — also tend to be filled with fat and
calories.A green diet would be mostly vegetables and fruit， whole
grains （全谷物）， fish and lean meats （瘦肉） like chicken — a
diet that is good for environment and your figure.Eating green can be
healthier and beneficial to the climate.
　　It may be hard to believe that a meal in a fast-food restaurant
produces more carbon than your trip to a faraway place.More than 37
％ of the world’s land is used for agriculture， much of which was
once forested.Deforestation （砍伐森林） is a major source of
carbon.The fertilizer （化肥） and machinery needed on a modern
farm also have a large carbon footprint， as does the network of ships
and trucks that brings the food from the farm to your plate.
　　The most efficient way to reduce the carbon footprint of your
menu is to eat less meat， especially beef.Raising cattle takes a lot
more energy than growing the equivalent （相等的） amount of
grains， fruit or vegetables.What’s more， the majority of cattle in
the US are fed on grain and loads of it — 670 million tons in 2002 —
and the fertilizer used to feed that creates separate environmental
problems.
　　Focus on eating lower on the food chain， with more plants and
fruits and less meat and dairy.It’s simple.We can change today what
goes into our bodies for the health of our planet and ourselves.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了吃綠色食物的好處：有
益于身體健康和環(huán)境保護。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了吃綠色食物的好處：有
益于身體健康和環(huán)境保護。
9. According to the passage， what’s the benefit of eating green？
A. It will protect the animals from being killed.
B. It will promote the development of agriculture.
C. It will help us lose weight and keep self-confidence.
D. It will be good for our health and make a change for the climate.
解析：D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的Eating green can be
healthier and beneficial to the climate.可知，吃綠色食物有益于我
們的健康，改變氣候。
10. What will not lead to carbon in the agriculture？
A. Grains. B. Fertiliser.
C. Machinery. D. Deforestation.
解析：A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的Deforestation （砍伐森
林） is a major source ...the farm to your plate.可知，砍伐森林、
肥料、機械都會導(dǎo)致碳排放，A項未提及。
11. In the author’s opinion， what’s the most efficient way to reduce
carbon in our diet？
A. To use less fertilizer.
B. To plant more grains.
C. To stop raising the cattle.
D. To eat more vegetables than meat.
解析：D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句和最后一段可知，在
作者看來，減少碳排放最有效的方法是多吃蔬菜少吃肉。
12. What is the passage mainly about？
A. The change of our menu.
B. How to reduce the carbon.
C. The benefits of eating green.
D. The ways of keeping healthy.
解析：C　主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章主要講的是綠色食
物不僅對身體有益而且也會有益于氣候，即文章主要說明了吃綠
色食物的好處。
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　With his leg lame and his teeth uneven， the boy thought of
himself as the most unfortunate child in the world.He 　13　 played
with his classmates， and when asked to answer questions， he
always 　14　 his head without a word.
　　One spring， his father brought home some saplings （樹
苗）.Each of his children would plant a sapling and he promised，
“Whoever 　15　 his sapling best shall get a gift.” The boy certainly
wanted to get the gift.But seeing his brothers and sisters watering the
trees， he 　16　 an idea — he hoped the tree he planted would die
soon.So watering it once or twice， he never 　17　 it.
　　Several days later， he was 　18　 to find it not only didn’t die，
but also grew so many fresh 　pared with those of his
brothers’ and sisters’， his appeared greener.His father kept
his 　20　， bought the boy a gift and said he would become an
outstanding 　21　 after growing up.
　　From then on， the boy slowly became 　22　 and confident.One
evening， he suddenly remembered his biology teacher once said that
plants 　23　 grow at night.Why not go to see the tree？
　　When he came to the 　24　， he found his father working near
the tree！Immediately he 　25　： Father had been secretly 　26　
his tree！He returned to his room， tears in his eyes.
　　Decades passed.The boy didn’t become a botanist.Instead， he
became the US president.His name was Franklin Roosevelt.
　　 　27　 is the best nourishment （滋養(yǎng)物） of life.Even though it
is just a bucket of water， it can make the tree of life grow well！
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一個自認為天生不幸的
小男孩經(jīng)過一次種樹的經(jīng)歷，受到父親的鼓勵和幫助而變得自信，
后來成為美國總統(tǒng)的故事。文章旨在告訴讀者：愛是滋潤孩子心靈
的最好的養(yǎng)料。
13. A. seldom B. ever C. still D. often
解析：A　根據(jù)上下文可知，小男孩牙齒不齊又跛腳，認為自己
是最不幸的，因此很少和同學(xué)們一起玩。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一個自認為天生不幸的
小男孩經(jīng)過一次種樹的經(jīng)歷，受到父親的鼓勵和幫助而變得自信，
后來成為美國總統(tǒng)的故事。文章旨在告訴讀者：愛是滋潤孩子心靈
的最好的養(yǎng)料。
14. A. helped B. raised
C. lowered D. covered
解析：C　小男孩認為自己最不幸，且很少與同學(xué)們玩，因此被
提問時總是低頭逃避回答問題。lower one’s head 意為“低下頭”。
15. A. photographs B. protects
C. watches D. grows
解析：D　父親承諾樹種得最好的人可以獲得獎品。上文中的
plant亦是提示。
16. A. came up with B. got rid of
C. cared for D. put forward
解析：A　根據(jù)下文的he hoped the tree he planted would die soon
可知，小男孩想到一個主意。come up with 意為“想出，想到”；
get rid of “擺脫，丟棄，毀掉”；care for “照顧”；put forward “提
出”。
17. A. contributed to B. attended to
C. got used to D. turned to
解析：B　小男孩希望小樹很快死掉，所以給它澆了一兩次水之
后，他再沒有照顧過小樹。contribute to “有助于”； attend to “照
顧，關(guān)懷”；get used to “習(xí)慣于”； turn to “求助于”。
18. A. amused B. frightened
C. disappointed D. surprised
解析：D　小樹的成長和小男孩的心理預(yù)期相反，所以他感到
驚訝。
19. A. roots B. flowers C. leaves D. seeds
解析：C　根據(jù)Compared with those of his brothers’ and sisters’，
his appeared greener.可知，與他的哥哥姐姐們的樹相比，他的樹
顯得更綠；再結(jié)合常識可推知，他的樹長出了許多嫩葉。
20. A. opinion B. balance
C. agreement D. word
解析：D　keep one’s word 意為“信守諾言”，空處和上文中的he
promised相呼應(yīng)。
21. A. teacher B. gardener
C. botanist D. president
解析：C　根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的The boy didn’t become a
botanist.可知，此處表示父親說小男孩長大后會成為一名出色
的植物學(xué)家。
22. A. satisfied B. upset
C. independent D. optimistic
解析：D　第一段中提到小男孩很少與同學(xué)們一起玩，還總是低
頭逃避回答問題，這表明他悲觀、不開朗、不自信。種樹一事是
他第一次有所成就并得到鼓勵，這無疑對他起到積極的作用，此
前精神低落的狀態(tài)逐漸改變。另外結(jié)合空后的confident一詞也可
推知，應(yīng)選optimistic。
23. A. hardly B. generally
C. recently D. probably
解析：B　根據(jù)常識和下文中的Why not go to see the tree？可知，
小男孩回想起生物老師說過植物一般在夜間生長。generally表示
“通常，一般地”。
24. A. bedroom B. classroom
C. courtyard D. workplace
解析：C　小男孩想去看看樹，應(yīng)該是去了院子里。courtyard 意
為“庭院，院子”。
25. A. doubted B. admitted
C. wondered D. understood
解析：D　看到眼前的景象，小男孩立刻明白了是父親一直在暗
中幫助他給小樹澆水。
26. A. cutting B. watering
C. decorating D. fertilizing
解析：B　參見上題解析。
27. A. Love B. Confidence
C. Disability D. Honesty
解析：A　小樹和小男孩的共同點是都得到了關(guān)愛，此處指愛是
最好的養(yǎng)料。
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