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Section Ⅳ　Writing a summary
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
　　Failure is an unavoidable part of life.Though science has named some life skills that promise success， we’re told over and over again that no great success was ever achieved without failure — or many failed attempts.One of life’s most important lessons， therefore， has to be how to handle failure best.But what is the message？
　　For starters， ignore advice from anyone that tells you， “Don’t beat yourself up about it， no matter how well-meaning they are.” According to the new research from the University of Kansas， we absolutely should be beating ourselves up when we fail.Marketing professor Noelle Nelson and her team found that the more emotional a person’s response is to failure， the more likely they are to achieve better results the next time they deal with a related task.
　　The researchers carried out two experiments in which undergraduate students were required to perform specific tasks.In one experiment， they were asked to search online for a squeezer and report the lowest price they could find with the possibility of winning a $50 cash prize.However， the task was controlled， and all participants were told （by a computer） that the lowest price was $3.27 less than their reported price.Consequently， no participant won the cash prize.When the results were announced， some participants were asked to focus on their emotional response， and others on their cognitive （認(rèn)知的） response.During the next similar task， participants who focused on their emotional response to failure made more effort than those who focused on a cognitive response.
　　Everybody has their own unique challenges， responsibilities， duties， and projects， but these findings are related to all of us.Your personal failure may be a cake that fails to rise， a presentation that goes wrong， or a deadline that gets missed — it doesn’t matter.What matters is how you react to it.Instead of thinking about the failure， let yourself feel bad about it.Then follow this advice on how to bounce back after your failure.
1.What’s the relationship between failure and success？（　　）
A.Failure promises success.
B.Failure is the key to success.
C.Failure does damage to success.
D.Well-handled failure is good for success.
2.Why does the writer support beating oneself up when failing？（　　）
A.It’s a well-meaning suggestion for failure.
B.It’s been proved by the study of a university.
C.Being emotional is good for one’s future success.
D.It can make people less emotional about failure.
3.What is the purpose of the two experiments？（　　）
A.To test the participants’ abilities to search online.
B.To improve the participants’ cognitive response.
C.To teach the participants to avoid failures.
D.To test the benefit of emotional response to failure.
4.Which can be the best title for the passage？（　　）
A.Personal Failure Is a Cake That Fails to Appear
B.The Most Productive Way to Handle Any Failure
C.Different Methods to Change Failure into Success
D.The Reason Why Failure Is the Mother of Success
Ⅱ.語(yǔ)法填空
　　Chinese seal （印章） carving originated during the Shang Dynasty.In the beginning， the characters carved on seals were the same as 5.　　　　　　 （that） used in writing， such as Xiaozhuan of the Qin Dynasty.However， with Chinese writing becoming increasingly standardized and simplified， it became a tradition 6.　　　　　　 （use） Xiaozhuan for seals.
　　In ancient times， seals were regarded as 7.　　　　　 guarantee of authenticity （真實(shí)性）.Today， they are more of a sign of authority of a legal person 8.　　　　　　 an artwork.
　　After the Qin Dynasty， materials for seals were 9.　　　　　　 （strict） classified.Jade （玉） was only used for emperors， gold and silver for high-ranking 10.　　　　　　 （office） and copper （銅） for the low ranks.Various types of stones were used from the Song Dynasty， 11.　　　　　 led to a boom for seal carving.
　　12.　　　　　　 （early）， seal carving was accomplished only by workers.During the Song Dynasty， scholars and artists began to get involved in it.They combined seal carving with calligraphy and painting， 13.　　　　　　 （make） this traditional art more popular in China.
　　To protect this artistic treasure， Chinese seal carving 14.　　　　　　 （include） on the UNESCO’s Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2009.
Ⅲ.讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)
　　閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。
　　My last two years in high school were absolutely miserable.In the junior and senior years of a highly competitive school， one’s whole existence became the crazy preparation to enter the next highly competitive situation.Even the most casual conversations turned to SAT scores and grade point averages.What were the Ivies （常春藤學(xué)院） looking for？ What extracurricular activities gave you the biggest boost towards getting into a “name” college？ Where were the scholarships？
　　The problem for me was that my family had grown so non-adaptive that even a free New York City high school had become a financial and emotional burden.My grades suffered accordingly.So I hid from my classmates and their discussions of colleges.I stayed away from school for weeks at a time.I went to cheap movies on 42nd Street.I took long walks around the city.But mostly I tried to lose myself in books.I would read in Central Park if I found myself there.I would read on the subways that took me from Harlem to lower New York and Brooklyn.Books and reading became my life.
　　Somewhere along the way I discovered an unstable balance between the intellectual intimacy （親密） of the books I read and my personal alienation （疏遠(yuǎn)） from a world in which I didn’t seem to belong.Writers like Shakespeare， Andre Gide， Honore de Balzac， who are suggested by my English teacher， were guides to a world I couldn’t see and only sensed.But they were excellent guides， at hand day and night， always comforting.
　　Sometimes， looking back， I am saddened by my lost school days.I wonder what might have been if my family had not been so non-adaptive and if I had not faced so many challenges during those years.I struggled to keep up with my studies.It was a difficult time and I often felt like giving up.
注意：1.續(xù)寫(xiě)詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；
2.請(qǐng)按如下格式作答。
　　Thanks to the help of my English teacher， I found my way out of the darkness of high school.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　And after graduation from college， I set out to pursue my passion for writing.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Section Ⅳ　Writing a summary
Ⅰ.
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。失敗乃是人生不可避免的一部分，沒(méi)有失敗就不會(huì)取得巨大的成功。文章介紹了處理失敗最有效的辦法。
1.D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的One of life’s most important lessons， therefore， has to be how to handle failure best.可知，處理得當(dāng)?shù)氖?duì)成功有好處。
2.C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的we absolutely should be beating ourselves up when we fail和the more likely they are to achieve better results the next time they deal with a related task可知，對(duì)失敗有情緒對(duì)將來(lái)的成功是很重要的。
3.D　寫(xiě)作意圖題。根據(jù)第三段中的When the results were announced ...focused on a cognitive response.可知，這兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的是測(cè)試失敗后情緒反應(yīng)的好處。
4.B　標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容尤其是第一段可知，人生中最重要的教訓(xùn)之一就是如何最好地處理失敗。因此B項(xiàng)（處理失敗的最有效辦法）為文章最佳標(biāo)題。
Ⅱ.
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了中國(guó)的印章篆刻技術(shù)的起源和發(fā)展歷史。
5.those　考查代詞。根據(jù)the same as可知，空處指代上文中的the characters，故填those。
6.to use　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處it作形式主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式作真正的主語(yǔ)，故填to use。
7.a　考查冠詞。guarantee在句中作名詞，意為“保證”，是可數(shù)名詞，此處表泛指，應(yīng)用不定冠詞，又因guarantee的發(fā)音以輔音音素開(kāi)頭，故填a。
8.than　考查介詞。根據(jù)句中的more可知，空處表示比較，故填than。
9.strictly　考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。空處修飾謂語(yǔ)were classified，應(yīng)用副詞，故填strictly。
10.officers/officials　考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)句意可知，空處應(yīng)與emperors和the low ranks并列，也應(yīng)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，且指人，故填officers/officials。
11.which　考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代前面一句話的內(nèi)容，且從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，故填which。
12.Earlier　考查副詞的比較級(jí)。根據(jù)句意可知，空處需要用比較級(jí)。故填Earlier。注意首字母大寫(xiě)。
13.making　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表示自然而然的結(jié)果，故填making。
14.was included　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in 2009可知，空處應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；主語(yǔ)Chinese seal carving與include之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系；主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)，表單數(shù)概念。故填was included。
Ⅲ.
　　Thanks to the help of my English teacher， I found my way out of the darkness of high school.She encouraged me to keep up with my grades and to read more.She saw something in me that I didn’t see in myself， and her support gave me the confidence I needed.Finally， I was admitted to college.In college I continued to explore the world of literature and writing， taking courses in creative writing and literature.I discovered new authors and genres， and honed my skills as a writer.
　　And after graduation from college， I set out to pursue my passion for writing.It wasn’t easy.I faced rejection， self-doubt， and uncertainty.But I persevered， devoted myself to drawing on the lessons I had learned from my high school struggles and my college education.And eventually， I found success as an author， publishing my first novel to critical acclaim.Looking back on my journey， I am grateful for the challenges I faced， for they taught me resilience and determination.
3 / 3Section Ⅳ　Writing a summary
Step 1　品教材課文
　　The Blue Bird is a six-act fairy play written by Maurice Maeterlinck.It’s a story about Tyltyl and Mytyl’s adventures as they search for the Blue Bird of Happiness.As the children of a poor woodcutter， they are secretly observing a party at the home of their wealthy landlords when a fairy appears.She uses a magic diamond to bring animals （their dog and cat）， objects （sugar and bread） and elements（light， fire， water） in their home to life.Together， they set off on a dangerous journey in search of the Blue Bird.
Tyltyl and Mytyl go to many magical places.They encounter numerous characters such as their departed grandparents， trees that hate mankind， the greedy and ugly Luxuries， and children waiting to be born.Although they try very hard to find the Blue Bird， the birds they find either change colour or die.The children return home at last， and Tyltyl discovers the Blue Bird has been there all the time！ He gives the bird to the neighbour’s little girl， curing her illness.But in the end， the bird flies away， and Tyltyl asks the audience to search for it.The central idea of the play is that happiness is to be found not in luxuries such as wealth， but in simple things that are found in family life， and in acts of friendship and kindness.
Step 2　析寫(xiě)作手法
學(xué)語(yǔ)言：
1.修飾語(yǔ)：副詞secretly；形容詞numerous
2.句式：運(yùn)用了be doing sth when ...；not ...but ...
3.連接詞：such as， either ...or ...
4.高級(jí)表達(dá)：
①運(yùn)用了過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)written by Maurice Maeterlinck作后置定語(yǔ)
②時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句as they search for the Blue Bird of Happiness
③讓步狀語(yǔ)從句Although they try very hard to find the Blue Bird
④動(dòng)詞-ing短語(yǔ)curing her illness作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)
⑤表語(yǔ)從句that happiness is to be found not in luxuries such as wealth， but in simple things that are found in family life， and in acts of friendship and kindness
⑥定語(yǔ)從句 that are found in family life
5.時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)：
1.介紹作品的題目和作者；
2.介紹作品中的主要人物；
3.敘述故事的開(kāi)端和高潮；
4.故事的結(jié)局。
Step 3　背出彩佳句
1.Written by ...， the ...is a must for all children to read.
2.The novel mainly tells the story of ...
3.He volunteered to help people who ...and then he became popular because ...
4.However， everything became different when he got the news that ...
5.Despite ...he continued doing his work and because of that， he later gained wide respect.
6.Unfortunately， he was injured while working and was soon sent to hospital where ...
7.The story tells us how important ...is to us humans and in any case we shouldn’t ...
8.What the novel impresses me most is ...
　　假定你是李華，你校英語(yǔ)俱樂(lè)部即將舉辦文學(xué)名著讀書(shū)會(huì)。請(qǐng)為你熟知的英文長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō)寫(xiě)一篇概要，并在讀書(shū)會(huì)上與大家分享。概要的內(nèi)容包括：
1.作品名稱(chēng)及作者；
2.劇情介紹；
3.作品的意義及你的感受。
注意：1.寫(xiě)作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；
2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
一、審題謀篇，結(jié)構(gòu)分明
第一段：指出作品名稱(chēng)及作者；
第二段：具體介紹故事情節(jié)；
第三段：談?wù)勛髌返囊饬x以及自己的感受。
二、要點(diǎn)陳述，語(yǔ)言規(guī)范
1.《永別了，武器》是美國(guó)著名作家歐內(nèi)斯特·海明威寫(xiě)的一部長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō)。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
2.它講述了一個(gè)名叫亨利的年輕人的故事。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
3.在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)期間他自愿駕駛救護(hù)車(chē)來(lái)幫助受傷的士兵。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
4.不幸的是，一天他在執(zhí)行任務(wù)時(shí)受傷了。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
5.他被送往醫(yī)院，在那里他遇到了凱瑟琳。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
6.他們很快陷入了熱戀。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
7.傷愈后，亨利返回了前線。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
8.亨利再次目睹了戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的殘酷，毫不猶豫地離開(kāi)了部隊(duì)。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
9.這部小說(shuō)揭示了戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的殘酷和對(duì)人類(lèi)精神和情感的巨大影響。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
三、句間銜接，過(guò)渡自然
1.用定語(yǔ)從句把要點(diǎn)2和要點(diǎn)3連接起來(lái)。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
2.把要點(diǎn)8改為含有動(dòng)詞-ing短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)的句子。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
四、檢查謄寫(xiě)，卷面整潔
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
動(dòng)作 描寫(xiě) anticipate v.預(yù)期，預(yù)料；期待 weaken v.（使）虛弱 cram v.擠滿 lean v.倚，靠 possession n.財(cái)產(chǎn)，財(cái)物→possess vt.擁有；具有；支配 recognition n.承認(rèn)，認(rèn)可；認(rèn)出→recognise v.辨認(rèn)出；承認(rèn)；意識(shí)到
人物 描寫(xiě) pessimistic adj.悲觀的，悲觀主義的 abnormal adj.不正常的，反常的 despair n.絕望 instinctively adv.本能地 absurd adj.荒唐的，愚蠢的
其他 描寫(xiě) 詞匯 widespread adj.廣泛流傳的；分布廣的 outstretched adj.張開(kāi)的，伸開(kāi)的 transparent adj.透明的
　　請(qǐng)從以上語(yǔ)料中選擇合適的詞匯，并用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)渡詞完成下面語(yǔ)段。
　　吉米（Jimmy）的酒吧里擠滿了人。突然，一位女士說(shuō)丟了錢(qián)包，里面有她最重要的財(cái)物——一枚結(jié)婚戒指。她陷入了絕望。吉米搜索了攝像頭，認(rèn)出了一個(gè)衣衫襤褸的男孩奧利弗（Oliver）。吉米向后靠在椅子上，陷入沉思。他想他該做點(diǎn)什么了。他最終找到了手里拿著一個(gè)錢(qián)包的奧利弗。“你想在我的酒吧工作嗎？”吉米問(wèn)，并對(duì)他伸出手。男孩睜大了眼睛，臉上寫(xiě)滿了驚訝。“愿意！我會(huì)努力工作的，像你期望的那樣。還有……對(duì)不起，我拿了錢(qián)包。”奧利弗低著頭回答。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
Section Ⅳ　Writing a summary
【演練佳作·寫(xiě)美文】
寫(xiě)作步驟
二、1.A Farewell to Arms is a long novel written by the famous American writer Ernest Hemingway.
2.It tells the story of a young man named Henry.
3.He volunteered to drive the ambulance to help the wounded soldiers during World War Ⅰ.
4.Unfortunately， one day， he was injured while performing the task.
5.He was sent to hospital， where he met Catherine.
6.They soon fell in love with each other.
7.After his recovery， Henry returned to the front.
8.Henry witnessed the cruelty of the war again and left the army without hesitation.
9.The novel demonstrates the cruelty of war and its huge impact on human spirit and emotion.
三、1.It tells the story of a young man named Henry who volunteered to drive the ambulance to help the wounded soldiers during World War Ⅰ.
2.Witnessing the cruelty of the war again， Henry left the army without hesitation.
四、
　　A Farewell to Arms is a long novel written by the famous American writer Ernest Hemingway.
It tells the story of a young man named Henry who volunteered to drive the ambulance to help the wounded soldiers during World War Ⅰ.Unfortunately， one day， he was injured while performing the task.Then he was sent to hospital， where he met Catherine.They soon fell in love with each other.After his recovery， Henry returned to the front.Witnessing the cruelty of the war again， Henry left the army without hesitation.
The novel demonstrates the cruelty of war and its huge impact on human spirit and emotion.So how lucky we are to live in such a peaceful country！ Every one of us should cherish peace and be against any war， shouldn’t we？
【教材詞匯·練續(xù)寫(xiě)】
　　Jimmy’s bar was crammed with people.Suddenly，a woman said she lost her wallet，inside which was her most important possession — a wedding ring.She was in despair.Jimmy searched cameras.Oliver，a boy in rags，was recognised.Jimmy leaned back in his chair，lost in thought.He had to do something，he thought.Finally he found Oliver，a wallet in his hand.“Would you like to work in my bar？” Jimmy asked，his hand outstretched.The boy widened his eyes，surprise written over his face.“Yes！I will work hard， as you anticipate.And ...I’m sorry for taking the wallet，”O(jiān)liver responded with his head lowered.
4 / 4(共50張PPT)
Section Ⅳ　Writing a summary
1
細(xì)品課文·學(xué)手法
目 錄
2
演練佳作·寫(xiě)美文
3
教材詞匯·練續(xù)寫(xiě)
4
課時(shí)檢測(cè)·提能力
細(xì)品課文·學(xué)手法
培養(yǎng)思維品質(zhì)
1
Step 1　品教材課文
　　The Blue Bird is a six-act fairy play written by Maurice
Maeterlinck.It’s a story about Tyltyl and Mytyl’s adventures as they
search for the Blue Bird of Happiness.As the children of a poor
woodcutter， they are secretly observing a party at the home of their
wealthy landlords when a fairy appears.She uses a magic diamond to bring
animals （their dog and cat）， objects （sugar and bread） and elements
（light， fire， water） in their home to life.Together， they set off on a
dangerous journey in search of the Blue Bird.
　　 Tyltyl and Mytyl go to many magical places.They encounter
numerous characters such as their departed grandparents， trees that hate
mankind， the greedy and ugly Luxuries， and children waiting to be
born.Although they try very hard to find the Blue Bird， the birds they
find either change colour or die.The children return home at last， and
Tyltyl discovers the Blue Bird has been there all the time！ He gives the
bird to the neighbour’s little girl， curing her illness.But in the end， the
bird flies away， and Tyltyl asks the audience to search for it.
The central idea of the play is that happiness is to be found not in luxuries
such as wealth， but in simple things that are found in family life， and in
acts of friendship and kindness.
Step 2　析寫(xiě)作手法
學(xué)語(yǔ)言：
1. 修飾語(yǔ)：副詞secretly；形容詞numerous
2. 句式：運(yùn)用了be doing sth when ...；not ...but ...
3. 連接詞：such as， either ...or ...
4. 高級(jí)表達(dá)：
①運(yùn)用了過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)written by Maurice Maeterlinck作后置定語(yǔ)
②時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句as they search for the Blue Bird of Happiness
③讓步狀語(yǔ)從句Although they try very hard to find the Blue Bird
④動(dòng)詞-ing短語(yǔ)curing her illness作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)
⑤表語(yǔ)從句that happiness is to be found not in luxuries such as
wealth， but in simple things that are found in family life， and in acts
of friendship and kindness
⑥定語(yǔ)從句 that are found in family life
5. 時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)：
1. 介紹作品的題目和作者；
2. 介紹作品中的主要人物；
3. 敘述故事的開(kāi)端和高潮；
4. 故事的結(jié)局。
Step 3　背出彩佳句
1. Written by ...， the ...is a must for all children to read.
2. The novel mainly tells the story of ...
3. He volunteered to help people who ...and then he became popular
because ...
4. However， everything became different when he got the news that ...
5. Despite ...he continued doing his work and because of that， he later
gained wide respect.
6. Unfortunately， he was injured while working and was soon sent to
hospital where ...
7. The story tells us how important ...is to us humans and in any case we
shouldn’t ...
8. What the novel impresses me most is ...
演練佳作·寫(xiě)美文
奠定寫(xiě)作功底
2
　　假定你是李華，你校英語(yǔ)俱樂(lè)部即將舉辦文學(xué)名著讀書(shū)會(huì)。請(qǐng)為
你熟知的英文長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō)寫(xiě)一篇概要，并在讀書(shū)會(huì)上與大家分享。概要
的內(nèi)容包括：
　　1. 作品名稱(chēng)及作者；
　　2. 劇情介紹；
　　3. 作品的意義及你的感受。
注意：1.寫(xiě)作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；
2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
一、審題謀篇，結(jié)構(gòu)分明
第一段：指出作品名稱(chēng)及作者；
第二段：具體介紹故事情節(jié)；
第三段：談?wù)勛髌返囊饬x以及自己的感受。
二、要點(diǎn)陳述，語(yǔ)言規(guī)范
1. 《永別了，武器》是美國(guó)著名作家歐內(nèi)斯特·海明威寫(xiě)的一部長(zhǎng)篇
小說(shuō)。


2. 它講述了一個(gè)名叫亨利的年輕人的故事。

3. 在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)期間他自愿駕駛救護(hù)車(chē)來(lái)幫助受傷的士兵。


A Farewell to Arms is a long novel written by the famous American
writer Ernest Hemingway.
It tells the story of a young man named Henry.
He volunteered to drive the ambulance to help the wounded soldiers
during World War Ⅰ.
4. 不幸的是，一天他在執(zhí)行任務(wù)時(shí)受傷了。

5. 他被送往醫(yī)院，在那里他遇到了凱瑟琳。

6. 他們很快陷入了熱戀。

7. 傷愈后，亨利返回了前線。

Unfortunately， one day， he was injured while performing the task.
He was sent to hospital， where he met Catherine.
They soon fell in love with each other.
After his recovery， Henry returned to the front.
8. 亨利再次目睹了戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的殘酷，毫不猶豫地離開(kāi)了部隊(duì)。


9. 這部小說(shuō)揭示了戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的殘酷和對(duì)人類(lèi)精神和情感的巨大影響。


Henry witnessed the cruelty of the war again and left the army without
hesitation.
The novel demonstrates the cruelty of war and its huge impact on
human spirit and emotion.
三、句間銜接，過(guò)渡自然
1. 用定語(yǔ)從句把要點(diǎn)2和要點(diǎn)3連接起來(lái)。


2. 把要點(diǎn)8改為含有動(dòng)詞-ing短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)的句子。


It tells the story of a young man named Henry who volunteered to drive
the ambulance to help the wounded soldiers during World War Ⅰ.
Witnessing the cruelty of the war again， Henry left the army without
hesitation.
四、檢查謄寫(xiě)，卷面整潔
　　

　　 　A Farewell to Arms is a long novel written by the famous American
writer Ernest Hemingway.　







It tells the story of a young man named Henry who volunteered to drive the
ambulance to help the wounded soldiers during World War
Ⅰ.Unfortunately， one day， he was injured while performing the
task.Then he was sent to hospital， where he met Catherine.They soon
fell in love with each other.After his recovery， Henry returned to the
front.Witnessing the cruelty of the war again， Henry left the army
without hesitation.




The novel demonstrates the cruelty of war and its huge impact on human
spirit and emotion.So how lucky we are to live in such a peaceful
country！ Every one of us should cherish peace and be against any war，
shouldn’t we？
教材詞匯·練續(xù)寫(xiě)
體現(xiàn)學(xué)以致用
3
動(dòng)作 描寫(xiě) anticipate v.預(yù)期，預(yù)料；期待
weaken v.（使）虛弱
cram v.擠滿
lean v.倚，靠
possession n.財(cái)產(chǎn)，財(cái)物→possess vt.擁有；具有；支配
recognition n.承認(rèn)，認(rèn)可；認(rèn)出→recognise v.辨認(rèn)出；承認(rèn)；
意識(shí)到
人物 描寫(xiě) pessimistic adj.悲觀的，悲觀主義的
abnormal adj.不正常的，反常的
despair n.絕望
instinctively adv.本能地
absurd adj.荒唐的，愚蠢的
其他 描寫(xiě) 詞匯 widespread adj.廣泛流傳的；分布廣的
outstretched adj.張開(kāi)的，伸開(kāi)的
transparent adj.透明的
　　請(qǐng)從以上語(yǔ)料中選擇合適的詞匯，并用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)渡詞完成下
面語(yǔ)段。
　　吉米（Jimmy）的酒吧里擠滿了人。突然，一位女士說(shuō)丟了錢(qián)
包，里面有她最重要的財(cái)物——一枚結(jié)婚戒指。她陷入了絕望。吉米
搜索了攝像頭，認(rèn)出了一個(gè)衣衫襤褸的男孩奧利弗（Oliver）。吉米
向后靠在椅子上，陷入沉思。他想他該做點(diǎn)什么了。他最終找到了手
里拿著一個(gè)錢(qián)包的奧利弗。“你想在我的酒吧工作嗎？”吉米問(wèn)，并
對(duì)他伸出手。男孩睜大了眼睛，臉上寫(xiě)滿了驚訝。“愿意！我會(huì)努力
工作的，像你期望的那樣。還有……對(duì)不起，我拿了錢(qián)包。”奧利弗
低著頭回答。
　　









　　 　Jimmy’s bar was crammed with people.Suddenly，a woman
said she lost her wallet，inside which was her most important
possession — a wedding ring.She was in despair.Jimmy searched
cameras.Oliver，a boy in rags，was recognised.Jimmy leaned back in
his chair，lost in thought.He had to do something，he thought.Finally he
found Oliver，a wallet in his hand.“Would you like to work in my
bar？” Jimmy asked，his hand outstretched.The boy widened his
eyes，surprise written over his face.“Yes！I will work hard， as you
anticipate.And ...I’m sorry for taking the wallet，”O(jiān)liver responded
with his head lowered.　
課時(shí)檢測(cè)·提能力
培育學(xué)科素養(yǎng)
4
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
　　Failure is an unavoidable part of life.Though science has named some
life skills that promise success， we’re told over and over again that no
great success was ever achieved without failure — or many failed
attempts.One of life’s most important lessons， therefore， has to be
how to handle failure best.But what is the message？
　　For starters， ignore advice from anyone that tells you， “Don’t
beat yourself up about it， no matter how well-meaning they are.”
According to the new research from the University of Kansas， we
absolutely should be beating ourselves up when we fail.Marketing
professor Noelle Nelson and her team found that the more emotional a
person’s response is to failure， the more likely they are to achieve better
results the next time they deal with a related task.
　　The researchers carried out two experiments in which undergraduate
students were required to perform specific tasks.In one experiment， they
were asked to search online for a squeezer and report the lowest price they
could find with the possibility of winning a $50 cash prize.However， the
task was controlled， and all participants were told （by a computer） that
the lowest price was $3.27 less than their reported price.Consequently，
no participant won the cash prize.When the results were announced，
some participants were asked to focus on their emotional response， and
others on their cognitive （認(rèn)知的） response.During the next similar
task， participants who focused on their emotional response to failure
made more effort than those who focused on a cognitive response.
　　Everybody has their own unique challenges， responsibilities，
duties， and projects， but these findings are related to all of us.Your
personal failure may be a cake that fails to rise， a presentation that goes
wrong， or a deadline that gets missed — it doesn’t matter.What matters
is how you react to it.Instead of thinking about the failure， let yourself
feel bad about it.Then follow this advice on how to bounce back after your
failure.
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。失敗乃是人生不可避免的一部分，
沒(méi)有失敗就不會(huì)取得巨大的成功。文章介紹了處理失敗最有效的辦
法。
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。失敗乃是人生不可避免的一部分，
沒(méi)有失敗就不會(huì)取得巨大的成功。文章介紹了處理失敗最有效的辦
法。
1. What’s the relationship between failure and success？（　　）
A. Failure promises success.
B. Failure is the key to success.
C. Failure does damage to success.
D. Well-handled failure is good for success.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的One of life’s most
important lessons， therefore， has to be how to handle failure best.可
知，處理得當(dāng)?shù)氖?duì)成功有好處。
2. Why does the writer support beating oneself up when failing？
（　　）
A. It’s a well-meaning suggestion for failure.
B. It’s been proved by the study of a university.
C. Being emotional is good for one’s future success.
D. It can make people less emotional about failure.
解析：　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的we absolutely should be
beating ourselves up when we fail和the more likely they are to achieve
better results the next time they deal with a related task可知，對(duì)失敗有
情緒對(duì)將來(lái)的成功是很重要的。
3. What is the purpose of the two experiments？（　　）
A. To test the participants’ abilities to search online.
B. To improve the participants’ cognitive response.
C. To teach the participants to avoid failures.
D. To test the benefit of emotional response to failure.
解析：　寫(xiě)作意圖題。根據(jù)第三段中的When the results were
announced ...focused on a cognitive response.可知，這兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的
目的是測(cè)試失敗后情緒反應(yīng)的好處。
4. Which can be the best title for the passage？（　　）
A. Personal Failure Is a Cake That Fails to Appear
B. The Most Productive Way to Handle Any Failure
C. Different Methods to Change Failure into Success
D. The Reason Why Failure Is the Mother of Success
解析：　標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容尤其是第一段可知，人生中
最重要的教訓(xùn)之一就是如何最好地處理失敗。因此B項(xiàng)（處理失敗
的最有效辦法）為文章最佳標(biāo)題。
Ⅱ.語(yǔ)法填空
　　Chinese seal （印章） carving originated during the Shang
Dynasty.In the beginning， the characters carved on seals were the same
as 5. 　　　　　　 （that） used in writing， such as Xiaozhuan of the
Qin Dynasty.However， with Chinese writing becoming increasingly
standardized and simplified， it became a tradition 6. 　　　　　　
（use） Xiaozhuan for seals.
　　In ancient times， seals were regarded as 7. 　　　　　　 guarantee
of authenticity （真實(shí)性）.Today， they are more of a sign of authority
of a legal person 8. 　　　　　　 an artwork.
　　After the Qin Dynasty， materials for seals were 9. 　　　　　　
（strict） classified.Jade （玉） was only used for emperors， gold and
silver for high-ranking 10. 　　　　　　 （office） and copper （銅）
for the low ranks.Various types of stones were used from the Song
Dynasty， 11. 　　　　　　 led to a boom for seal carving.
　　12. 　　　　　　 （early）， seal carving was accomplished only
by workers.During the Song Dynasty， scholars and artists began to get
involved in it.They combined seal carving with calligraphy and painting，
13. 　　　　　　 （make） this traditional art more popular in China.
　　To protect this artistic treasure， Chinese seal carving
14. 　　　　　　 （include） on the UNESCO’s Representative List of
the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2009.
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了中國(guó)的印章篆刻技
術(shù)的起源和發(fā)展歷史。
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了中國(guó)的印章篆刻技
術(shù)的起源和發(fā)展歷史。
5. those　考查代詞。根據(jù)the same as可知，空處指代上文中的the
characters，故填those。
6. to use　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處it作形式主語(yǔ)，
動(dòng)詞不定式作真正的主語(yǔ)，故填to use。
7. a　考查冠詞。guarantee在句中作名詞，意為“保證”，是可數(shù)名
詞，此處表泛指，應(yīng)用不定冠詞，又因guarantee的發(fā)音以輔音音素開(kāi)
頭，故填a。
8. than　考查介詞。根據(jù)句中的more可知，空處表示比較，故填
than。
9. strictly　考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。空處修飾謂語(yǔ)were classified，應(yīng)用副詞，
故填strictly。
10. officers/officials　考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)句意可知，空處應(yīng)與
emperors和the low ranks并列，也應(yīng)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，且指人，故填
officers/officials。
11. which　考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定
語(yǔ)從句，指代前面一句話的內(nèi)容，且從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，故填which。
12. Earlier　考查副詞的比較級(jí)。根據(jù)句意可知，空處需要用比較
級(jí)。故填Earlier。注意首字母大寫(xiě)。
13. making　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處作結(jié)果狀
語(yǔ)，表示自然而然的結(jié)果，故填making。
14. was included　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
in 2009可知，空處應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；主語(yǔ)Chinese seal carving與include
之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系；主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)，表單數(shù)概念。故填was included。
Ⅲ.讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)
　　閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段，使之構(gòu)
成一篇完整的短文。
　　My last two years in high school were absolutely miserable.In the
junior and senior years of a highly competitive school， one’s whole
existence became the crazy preparation to enter the next highly competitive
situation.Even the most casual conversations turned to SAT scores and
grade point averages.What were the Ivies （常春藤學(xué)院） looking for？
What extracurricular activities gave you the biggest boost towards getting
into a “name” college？ Where were the scholarships？
　　The problem for me was that my family had grown so non-adaptive
that even a free New York City high school had become a financial and
emotional burden.My grades suffered accordingly.So I hid from my
classmates and their discussions of colleges.I stayed away from school for
weeks at a time.I went to cheap movies on 42nd Street.I took long walks
around the city.But mostly I tried to lose myself in books.I would read in
Central Park if I found myself there.I would read on the subways that took
me from Harlem to lower New York and Brooklyn.Books and reading
became my life.
　　Somewhere along the way I discovered an unstable balance between
the intellectual intimacy （親密） of the books I read and my personal
alienation （疏遠(yuǎn)） from a world in which I didn’t seem to
belong.Writers like Shakespeare， Andre Gide， Honore de Balzac，
who are suggested by my English teacher， were guides to a world I
couldn’t see and only sensed.But they were excellent guides， at hand
day and night， always comforting.
　　Sometimes， looking back， I am saddened by my lost school days.I
wonder what might have been if my family had not been so non-adaptive
and if I had not faced so many challenges during those years.I struggled to
keep up with my studies.It was a difficult time and I often felt like giving
up.
注意：1.續(xù)寫(xiě)詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；
2. 請(qǐng)按如下格式作答。
　　Thanks to the help of my English teacher， I found my way out of
the darkness of high school. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　And after graduation from college， I set out to pursue my passion
for writing. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
參考范文：
　　Thanks to the help of my English teacher， I found my way out of the
darkness of high school.She encouraged me to keep up with my grades and
to read more.She saw something in me that I didn’t see in myself， and
her support gave me the confidence I needed.Finally， I was admitted to
college.In college I continued to explore the world of literature and
writing， taking courses in creative writing and literature.I discovered new
authors and genres， and honed my skills as a writer.
　　And after graduation from college， I set out to pursue my passion for
writing.It wasn’t easy.I faced rejection， self-doubt， and
uncertainty.But I persevered， devoted myself to drawing on the lessons I
had learned from my high school struggles and my college education.And
eventually， I found success as an author， publishing my first novel to
critical acclaim.Looking back on my journey， I am grateful for the
challenges I faced， for they taught me resilience and determination.
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