資源簡介

Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
維度一：品句填詞
1.Although warned the danger of alcohol 　　　　　　　　（濫用）， many people do not take the warning seriously.
2.Police are dealing with the 　　　　　　（偷竊） of computers from the company’s offices.
3.I took a coin out of my 　　　　　　（錢包） and gave it to the child.
4.The 　　　　　　（費用） have been reduced to 1，000 yuan a month.
5.Life mainly consists of happiness and s　　　　 while happiness consists in struggle.
6.The company h　　　　　　　　 temporary employees to manage the increased workload during the busy holiday season.
維度二：詞形轉換
1.You are to meet with 　　　　　　（frustrate） in the pursuit of success.
2.More people will be doing the work with proper 　　　　　　　　（supervise） and thus， more safely.
3.The 　　　　　　（theft） ran away quickly to avoid being caught by the policeman.
4.We argued with the waiter about the price of the meal yesterday.It was so 　　　　　　（expense）！
5.Seeing my father in so much pain was the most 　　　　　　（sorrow） and painful experience that I had ever faced.
維度三：固定搭配和句式
1.Much to our relief， though the airport was foggy， our plane 　　　　　　　　（起飛） smoothly.
2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （不管下不下雨），I shall go out for an outing tomorrow.
3.If you invest now，you will be buying 　　　　　　　　　　　　（以最低價格）.The shares are at their lowest today.
4.She decided to 　　　　　　（出租） a room to get extra income.
5.No other organisation was able or willing to 　　　　　　（承擔） the job.
6.Zhang Guimei is fighting for a noble cause 　　　　　　　　　　　　（以損害她的健康為代價）.
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　Many often find themselves considering jobs below their skill level in worsening employment markets.But it turns out that working in a job below your skill level harms your later chances of getting hired for a better-paying job more appropriate to your qualifications.
　　Sociologist David Pedulla at the University of Texas conducted a study to examine how jobs below a person’s skill level affect future employability.He tailored 2，420 applications and submitted them to 1，210 job listings posted in five major cities across the US.He varied the applications by gender， and also by employment status for the previous year.Then he used computer models to analyze and compare the results.The results show that applicants who were positioned as working below their skill level， regardless of gender had the lowest chances of getting called for a job interview.
　　These results should serve as a warning to anyone considering taking a job below their skill level.While it might pay the bills in the short term， it can significantly hammer one’s ability to return to the relevant skill level and pay grade at a later date.
　　Why might this be the case？ Pedulla conducted a follow-up study with 903 employers.He asked them about their ideas of applicants with each kind of employment history， and how likely they would be to recommend each kind of candidate to an interview.The results show that employers believe that men who are employed in positions below their skill level are less committed and less competent than men in other employment situations.Those surveyed also believed that women working below their skill level were less competent than others， but did not believe them to be less committed.
　　The results of studies suggest that work below skill level signals to employers men’s incompetence and a lack of commitment.This is a disturbing reminder that the sword of gender bias （偏見） does in fact cut both ways.
1.Why do many people choose jobs below their skill level？（　　）
A.They fear bearing duties.
B.They lack self-confidence.
C.They face a tough economy.
D.They pursue better-paying jobs.
2.How do the researchers carry out the first study？（　　）
A.By conducting interviews.
B.By researching examples.
C.By making comparisons.
D.By doing surveys.
3.Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “hammer” in Paragraph 3？（　　）
A.Ensure. B.Weaken.
C.Test. D.Exercise.
4.What is the employers’ idea according to the follow-up study？（　　）
A.Men are more likely to get promoted.
B.Women are more devoted and capable.
C.Women behave better in jobs below skill level.
D.Men show talents in work of the relevant level.
B
　　The sun was rising as we drove across the Minnesota state line to New York for my new Ph.D.program.The move was good for me professionally， but I worried about my husband and daughters.I also feared that I wouldn’t be able to give my kids the childhood they deserved.
　　Anne， our first daughter， who is brilliant， came into the world when I was a junior majoring in biology in college.It was challenging to balance classes， work schedules， and being a mom.But I got through it and persuaded myself， finding moments of joy along the way.On the nights when I was home， I’d read my class notes out loud with my daughter.She’d respond by asking impressive questions， such as “Mom， what are bacteria？” It helped us both learn.
　　After I graduated， I knew that I would need a Ph.D.to land the kind of job I was fascinated by.I arrived in New York feeling more than the usual new-grad-student anxiety.I also suffered from a more personal fear that I was being selfish — that my decision to invigorate my career was going to have long-term negative impacts on my kids.
　　Over the past year， though， I’ve started to let go of some of this worry.I’ve realized that we have not only adapted to our new situation， but things are getting better.My husband landed a job that he is happy with.Anne dreams of becoming a marine biologist.Recently， while driving past the cancer institution I work at， Anne said， “Thinking about people having cancer is so sad， but I feel better knowing that you are researching it to help.”
　　Navigating academia as a young mother is hard， but it’s also rewarding.My kids are learning to look at the world through the lens of science， and watching their mom succeed inspires them.I look forward to seeing them follow my footsteps， whatever path they choose.
5.How did the writer feel about the move for her Ph.D.program？（　　）
A.It was fruitful but exhausting.
B.It was the last thing she would do.
C.It was hopeful but challenging.
D.It was promising for the whole family.
6.Which can best replace the word “invigorate” in Paragraph 3？（　　）
A.Boost. B.Change.
C.Create. D.Choose.
7.What could be inferred from Anne’s words in Paragraph 4？（　　）
A.People are afraid of having cancer.
B.Cancer is health enemy No.1.
C.Her mother takes her job seriously.
D.Anne is proud of her mother.
8.What might be the best title for the text？（　　）
A.Onwards and Upwards
B.Double Gains of Mom’s Pursuit
C.Like Mother Like Daughter
D.Generation Gap Narrowed by Love
C
　　Imagine you found a wallet containing a stranger’s contact details but no cash.Would you return it to its owner？ Now imagine the same wallet contained a few banknotes.Would that change your response？ Does it depend on the amount of money？ And how do you think other people would react？
　　Honesty makes the world go round.Without people trusting in one another， society would fall apart.Honesty is therefore studied academically.Most work in the area， though， takes place under controlled conditions in labs， often featuring well-off and well-educated Westerners as its subjects.By contrast Alain Cohn of the University of Michigan and his colleagues have taken such behavioral economics around the world， covering 40 countries， 355 cities and more than 17，000 people.
　　As the team report this week in Science， Dr Cohn’s research assistants entered public buildings.They handed in a wallet to the receptionist， saying they had found it on the street outside.Each wallet contains contact details.Importantly， some wallets also included $13.45， while others not.Then， the team simply waited to see who would return the wallet.
　　In 38 of the 40 countries， the wallets with money were returned more often than those without （51% vs 40%）.In addition， wallets containing a larger sum of money （$94.15） were even more likely （by about another 10%） to be returned than those with less.
　　With greater temptation （誘惑）， then， comes greater honesty — at least when it comes to lost wallets.Interestingly， though， such honesty is not reflected in people’s expectations of others.When surveyed， most of 299 volunteers predicted that the more money in a wallet， the less likely it would be returned.
　　A certain doubt about the motives of others is probably good for survival.But the warm inner thought of “doing the right thing” is also a powerful motivation.How this altruism developed is much debated — particularly when it extends， as in Dr Cohn’s experiments， to strangers whom the altruist has no expectation of ever meeting.Be that as it may， as this study shows， such altruism is real and universal.
9.How is Alain Cohn’s research different from the previous？（　　）
A.It covered varied subjects and backgrounds.
B.More scientists participated in the research.
C.It was carried out in controlled situations.
D.It took no account of well-educated Westerners.
10.What can we learn from the research？（　　）
A.Rate of honesty varies among countries.
B.People prefer returning wallets without money.
C.The less money in a wallet， the higher rate of returning.
D.Wallets with more money are more likely to be given back.
11.What does the underlined word “altruism” in the last paragraph mean？（　　）
A.Doubt of others’ motivations.
B.Concern for others’ needs.
C.The motivation for survival.
D.Understanding of people’s doubt.
12.What’s the best title for the text？（　　）
A.Money Answers All Things
B.Money Makes the Mare Go
C.Honesty Is Questioned in Face of Money
D.Money Doesn’t Make the World Go Round
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　The cost-of-living crisis will hit us hard with rising energy prices and increasing costs.However， things aren’t totally hopeless.13.（　　）
　　Accountability （責任心）
　　The cost-of-living crisis will force us all to prioritize what we spend money on.14.（　　） If you need more discipline in this area， a responsible partner or group might be the answer.According to productivity experts， you are more likely to stay responsible for your goals if you know you have to periodically check in with another person.
　　Item exchanging
　　We generally tend to spend more in the cold months.And when you have an entire household of people to provide for， the cost can quickly add up.So imagine how much money you could save by acquiring some items without spending an extra penny.Don’t be shy about asking those you are closest to if they have an extra blanket they no longer use， or a toy they are about to get rid of.15.（　　） Besides， you’ll be offering something in return.
　　Information sharing
　　The best thing about a community is the wealth of knowledge.You might not inherit a pair of shoes or a cardigan， but you could get essential money-saving advice.From the latest government support available to where to shop for reduced items， those in your community may hold the key to crucial financial help.16.（　　）
　　Cooking together
　　Banding with your closest friends or neighbors to prepare and share meals works well for small communities.17.（　　） You can simply batch cook， divide the food into portions and meet weekly exchange meals.In this case， you stand to save money and minimize waste in the long run.It’s also a lot of fun.
A.The worst they can do is say “no”.
B.Here’s how your community could help you cope.
C.This is why it will be important for you to voice your needs.
D.Many people are struggling with increasingly high costs of living.
E.That’s not to say you have to be at each other’s houses for dinner every night.
F.However， exchanging things they no longer need will occupy lots of your space.
G.As prices increase， keeping more of our cash for the bare necessities will become vital.
Ⅲ.應用文寫作
　　假定你是李華，你的美國朋友Tom聽說在中國通過掃描二維碼（scan QR codes）就可以輕松實現“非現金支付”，他對此感到不可思議。請你寫一封郵件告知他“非現金支付”在中國的相關情況，內容包括：
　　1.在中國最流行，給人們的日常生活提供了便利；
　　2.快捷且強大的功能：如買早餐，買地鐵票；
　　3.改變我們的生活，引領世界。
注意：1.寫作詞數應為80左右；
2.請按如下格式作答。
Dear Tom，
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
Yours，
Li Hua
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
基礎知識自測
維度一
1.abuse　2.theft　3.purse　4.expenses　5.sorrow　6.hired
維度二
1.frustration　2.supervision　3.thief　4.expensive
5.sorrowful
維度三
1.took off
2.Whether it rains or not
3.at rock-bottom prices
4.rent out
5.take on
6.at the expense of her health
素養能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。研究表明，在一份低于你技能水平的工作中工作，會損害你以后找到一份更適合你資歷的高薪工作的機會。
1.C　細節理解題。根據文章首句可知，許多人考慮低于自己技能水平的工作是由于他們面臨著嚴峻的經濟形勢。
2.C　推理判斷題。根據第二段前四句可知，研究人員通過作比較的方法來進行第一項研究。
3.B　詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞上文These results should serve ...in the short term及其后的one’s ability to return to the relevant skill level and pay grade at a later date，尤其是表示轉折的While可知，考慮接受低于自己技能水平的工作雖然可以掙到錢，但會削弱一個人日后恢復到有關技能水平和薪酬等級的能力。由此猜測，hammer意為“減弱，削弱”，與weaken意思相近。
4.C　推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段最后兩句可推知，雇主的想法是女性在技能低于自己水平的工作中比男性表現更好。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者對學業和家庭的雙重追求和收獲的故事。
5.C　細節理解題。根據第一段中的The move was good for me professionally， but I worried about my husband and daughters.I also feared that I wouldn’t be able to give my kids the childhood they deserved.可知，作者認為因她的博士項目而搬家既是充滿希望的，也是具有挑戰性的。
6.A　詞義猜測題。根據第三段中的After I graduated， I knew that I would need a Ph.D.to land the kind of job I was fascinated by.可知，作者決定讀博士來獲得自己想要的工作。由此可知，這個決定是為了促進自己的事業發展，因此猜測畫線詞invigorate意為“促進，幫助”，可用動詞boost替換。
7.D　推理判斷題。根據第四段中的Anne said，“Thinking about people having cancer is so sad， but I feel better knowing that you are researching it to help.”可推知，安妮以她的母親為榮。
8.B　標題歸納題。本文主要講述了作者為了攻讀博士學位搬家，但她擔心丈夫和孩子不適應新環境。但最后的結果很好，丈夫找到了新工作，女兒也在她的影響下有了夢想和追求，自己也在工作領域發展得很好。因此B項（媽媽追求的雙重收獲）為文章的最佳標題。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章通過一個錢包的實驗表明，誘惑越大，人們越講誠信。這與人們原本的期望相反。
9.A　細節理解題。根據第二段最后兩句可知，不同于以往的研究，Alain Cohn的研究涵蓋了不同的受試者和背景。
10.D　細節理解題。根據第四段第二句可知，該研究顯示錢包里的錢越多，就越有可能被歸還。
11.B　詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞上文But the warm inner thought of “doing the right thing” is also a powerful motivation.和其后的is much debated可推知，受到很多爭議的是上文提到的這種“做正確的事”——歸還他人錢包的“利他行為”的發展方式。由此猜測，畫線詞意為“利他行為”，即關心他人的需要。
12.D　標題歸納題。文章圍繞一個關于誠實行為的研究在全球范圍內進行實地實驗，發現大多數人傾向于歸還他人丟失的錢包，尤其是當錢包里有鈔票，且鈔票數額越大時，人們越傾向于采取誠實行為。這與人們對于他人是否誠信的預期相反。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了幾種節約生活成本的方法。
13.B　上文引出話題：生活成本危機。下文具體介紹了幾種在社區中節約生活成本的方法。B項（以下是你的社區可以幫助你應對的方法）承上啟下。
14.G　上句提到優先考慮把錢花在什么地方。G項（隨著物價的上漲，為生活必需品保留更多的現金將變得至關重要）承接上文。
15.A　上句提到向親近的人要東西。空處應說明他們對此要求的反應。A項（他們能做的最壞的事就是說“不”）承接上文。
16.C　上句提到社區的人可能掌握著獲得重要經濟幫助的關鍵，要利用社區的作用。C項（這就是為什么說出你的需求對你來說很重要）承接上文。
17.E　上句提到和你最親密的朋友或鄰居分享食物；下句說明把食物分成幾份，每周交換一次飯。E項（這并不是說你們每天晚上都要去對方家里吃晚飯）承上啟下。
Ⅲ.
Dear Tom，
How are you？ Glad to tell you something about non-cash payments in China.
Non-cash payments are most popular in China.They have made people’s daily lives more and more convenient.Most of us are used to paying by scanning QR codes.By non-cash payments， we can pay easily wherever we go.For example， we can buy breakfast on the street and purchase tickets in the subway station by scanning QR codes.This is a glimpse into the life of most Chinese people — allowing us to bid farewell to the wallet and cash.Non-cash payments have greatly changed people’s lives in China.It seems that China is really leading in some ways and is also sweeping other nations.
Looking forward to hearing from you again.
Yours，
Li Hua
5 / 5Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
What’s mine is yours.
We’ve been told since we were toddlers that “It’s good to share”.Parents and teachers keep reminding us to share toys， snacks， books， happy memories， and sometimes even sorrows① with others.When we grow up， we share photos， life stories and opinions with people around us and with those we don’t know via social media. [1]Taking it as an object② of study， psychologists have published various papers③ stating④ that the behaviour of sharing is beneficial to⑤ setting up⑥ positive emotional bonding.
　　[1] 本句為主從復合句。Taking it as an object of study為動詞-ing短語作狀語；that引導賓語從句。
Today， the action of sharing takes on⑦ extra meaning.It’s not just about sharing sweets or frustration⑧； it has expanded to almost every aspect of our lives — the whole world seems to be into sharing.We are using technology to reduce the money that we spend on goods and services， or to make money out of those that we don’t use ourselves all of the time.These vary from car shares to⑨ home shares， and even to pet shares.The sharing economy is taking off⑩ in all sorts of areas.It is creating new ways of thinking and is providing services to people when and where they want them.
This wealth of ways of sharing is a response to our increasing demand for quality goods and services at competitive prices， [2]all delivered at the click of a button.[3]Whether it’s an online shop where we can hire designer clothes at rock-bottom prices ， or a platform from which we can rent out our flats for a couple of days ， it’s out there.Whether we’re a lender or a borrower， it’s a win-win situation； everyone makes or saves money.We also make connections and sometimes even make new friends.What’s more， sharing encourages us to reuse items， thereby cutting down on waste.And set-ups such as bike and car sharing do a further favour for the environment by reducing the number of polluting vehicles on the road.
　　[2]all delivered at the click of a button為獨立主格結構。
[3]句中Whether ...or ...引導狀語從句；其中where引導定語從句，先行詞為shop；from which we can ...a couple of days為“介詞＋關系代詞”引導的定語從句。
　　But the sharing economy is not without its problems.[4] As is often the case all over the world with new areas of economic activity， the sharing economy is developing faster than existing regulations or ongoing supervision .Some companies are taking unfair advantage of this situation to expand their share of the market， often at the expense of more traditional and established companies.In addition， the sharing economy is subject to abuse of trust.Some people have experienced damage to their properties whilst renting out their homes， and others have found themselves victims of theft or attack while sharing rides.Finally， personal data， the heart of the sharing economy， is not yet secure .Sharing platforms collect personal information about almost every part of our lives， including our names， locations， bank information， and individual preferences for goods and services.Yet， the technology to prevent such information from leaking or being stolen still needs improvement， and the awareness of potential risks is low among both service providers and users.
　　Nonetheless ， what is in no doubt is that the sharing economy is increasingly relevant to our daily lives as well as to the global economy.[5]It is expanding at such a rate that we can only imagine what it will comprise in the future. What will we be sharing next？ Who will be sharing and how？ And the most interesting question of all — what type of society will all this sharing take us to？
　　[4]句中As為關系代詞，引導非限制性定語從句，在句中作主語。
　　[5]句中such ...that引導結果狀語從句；在從句中what引導賓語從句。
【讀文清障】
①sorrow n.令人悲傷的事，不幸
②object n.（極欲得到、研究、注意等的）對象
③publish various papers 發表各種論文
④state v.陳述，說明
⑤be beneficial to 對……有好處，有益于……
⑥set up 創建，建立
⑦take on 具有（特征、外觀等），呈現
⑧frustration n.懊喪，懊惱，沮喪
⑨vary from ...to ...
從……到……不同
⑩take off 走紅，突然成功
response n.回應
increasing demand for
對……不斷增長的需求
competitive adj.有競爭力的
deliver v.傳遞，傳送
at the click of 一按……
designer clothes
名牌服裝
rock-bottom price
最低價格
rent out 出租（房屋、房間、土地等）
a couple of days 幾天
cut down （on sth）
減少，削減
existing regulation 現有法規
ongoing supervision
持續監管
take advantage of 利用
share n.股份，份額
expense n.費用，花費
at the expense of
以損害……為代價
be subject to
可能受……影響的
abuse n.濫用
property n.財產，財物
victim n.受害者
theft n.偷竊，偷盜
secure adj.安全的
potential risks
潛在的風險
nonetheless adv.盡管如此
be relevant to與……相關
【參考譯文】
我的就是你的。
我們還在蹣跚學步的時候就被教導“要懂得分享”。父母和老師不斷地提醒我們要與他人分享玩具、零食、書籍以及快樂的回憶，有些時候甚至要分享自己的傷心事。我們長大后，會與周圍的人或者是社交媒體上不認識的人分享照片、人生經歷和觀點。心理學家們將分享作為研究的對象，發表了各種各樣的論文來說明分享行為有助于建立積極的情感紐帶。
如今，分享行為又多了額外的含義。不僅僅是分享糖果或挫折，分享行為幾乎已經擴大到生活的方方面面——整個世界似乎都在分享。我們正在利用科技來減少在商品和服務上的花費，或者用我們一直閑置的物品賺錢：從汽車共享到住房共享，甚至是寵物共享。共享經濟正在各個領域紅火起來，它創造著新的思維方式，隨時隨地為有需求的人們提供服務。
　　我們需要價格有競爭力的優質產品和服務，大量的共享方式是對這種不斷增長的需求的回應，現在這些需求都可以通過一鍵單擊來實現。無論是以最低價格出租名牌服裝的網店，還是可以把自己的公寓短租幾天的平臺，都已出現。這對于出租者和租用者來說都是一個雙贏的局面；人人都能掙錢，或都能省錢。我們可以建立聯系，有時候甚至可以交到新朋友。不僅如此，共享方式鼓勵我們將物品再次利用，從而減少浪費。共享單車、共享汽車等計劃的實施會進一步保護環境，因為它們減少了行駛在路上的污染排放車輛的數量。
　　但共享經濟并非沒有問題。世界上新出現的經濟領域通常都是如此，共享經濟的發展速度過快，而現有法規和持續監管還未跟上。一些公司正在利用這種情況獲取不公平的優勢，來擴大市場份額，通常以犧牲已有的更為傳統的公司為代價。此外，共享經濟容易受到信任濫用的影響。有些人出租房屋時財物遭到破壞，還有人搭順風車時成為盜竊甚至襲擊的受害者。最后一點，個人數據，即共享經濟的核心，也并不安全。共享平臺收集的個人信息涵蓋我們生活的方方面面，包括姓名、位置、銀行信息、對商品和服務的個人偏好。然而，防止信息泄露或被盜的技術仍然有待改進，服務方和用戶對潛在風險的防范意識也較低。
盡管如此，共享經濟無疑正在與我們的日常生活以及全球經濟產生越來越密切的聯系。它飛速擴張，我們只能想象它將來會包含什么。我們下一個共享的對象是什么？將由誰來共享以及如何共享？最有趣的問題是——這些共享將會帶我們進入什么樣的社會？
第一步：析架構理清脈絡
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks.
第二步：知細節明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What does “it” in “Taking it as an object of study” mean in the first paragraph？（　　）
A.An object to study.
B.Sharing.
C.The thing shared with others.
D.Social media.
2.Which of the following sentences is WRONG？（　　）
A.The action of sharing has new meanings.
B.We can reduce the cost through sharing.
C.It is no use setting up positive emotional bonding by sharing.
D.We can also make money through sharing.
3.Sharing can cut down on waste because 　　　.（　　）
A.we can reuse items by sharing
B.we can use items that other people don’t use
C.sharing can reduce our shopping desire
D.sharing makes us feel it shameful to waste
4.What can be talked about in the next paragraph？（　　）
A.What we will share in the future.
B.How to share with others in the future.
C.The categories of sharing.
D.The type of society that sharing will take us to.
第三步：析難句表達升級
1.We are using technology to reduce the money that we spend on goods and services， or to make money out of those that we don’t use ourselves all of the time.
句式分析 句中兩個that均引導　　　　從句，or連接兩個并列的動詞不定式短語作　　　　狀語。
自主翻譯 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.Nonetheless， what is in no doubt is that the sharing economy is increasingly relevant to our daily lives as well as to the global economy.
句式分析 句中what引導　　　　從句，that引導　　　　從句。
自主翻譯 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Part Ⅰ　核心詞匯集釋
sorrow n.令人悲傷的事，不幸；悲傷，悲痛
【教材原句】　Parents and teachers keep reminding us to share toys， snacks， books， happy memories， and sometimes even sorrows with others.父母和老師不斷地提醒我們要與他人分享玩具、零食、書籍以及快樂的回憶，有些時候甚至要分享自己的傷心事。
【用法】
（1）in deep sorrow　　　　深深地感到悲哀 to one’s sorrow 令某人傷心的是 share joys and sorrows 同甘共苦 （2）sorrowful adj.悲傷的，悲痛的，悲哀的 sorrowful eyes 悲傷的眼睛
【佳句】　At that moment， words couldn’t express my sorrow.
在那一刻，言語無法表達我的悲傷。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①　　　　　　 her sorrow， she had her smartphone stolen on her way to the library.
②When the great man passed away， the whole nation was 　　　　　　deep sorrow.
【寫美】　補全句子
③They developed their friendship to a stage where they often 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
他們的友誼已發展到了同甘共苦的地步。
take on呈現；較量；承擔；接受；從事；開始雇用
【教材原句】　Today，the action of sharing takes on extra meaning.如今，分享行為又多了額外的含義。
【用法】
take off　　　　　　　起飛；脫下；休假；開始 成功 take over 控制；接管 take in 吸收；欺騙；理解；領悟 take up 占據；從事
【佳句】　Every citizen should take on the responsibility to keep public places clean in order to build a more beautiful city.
為了建設一個更加美麗的城市，每個公民都應該承擔起保持公共場所清潔的責任。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①It has been demonstrated that cigarette advertising does encourage children to take 　　　　　　smoking.
②When we got to the airport， the plane carrying him had taken 　　　　　　.
③She decided that I was the ideal person to take 　　　　　　the job.
【寫美】　補全句子
④I could hardly 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.我幾乎聽不懂老人說了什么。
rent out出租（房屋、房間、土地等）
【教材原句】　Whether it’s an online shop where we can hire designer clothes at rock-bottom prices，or a platform from which we can rent out our flats for a couple of days， it’s out there.
無論是以最低價格出租名牌服裝的網店，還是可以把自己的公寓短租幾天的平臺，都已出現。
【用法】
（1）rent for　　　　　　租金為 （2）pay/cover the rent 付租金 afford the rent 負擔得起租金 for rent　　　　　　　出租；招租 a low/high/fair rent 低的/高的/合理的 租金 put the rent up 提高租金
【佳句】　The land was rented out to other farmers in the village， for the owner of the land went to work in the city.
這片土地租給了村里其他農民，因為土地的主人到城市里工作了。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①There is also a lack of affordable housing 　　　　　　　　rent or purchase by young couples.
②During this weekend we decided to rent 　　　　　a boat and row down the river.
③The new apartment with simple furniture rents 　　　　　　$2，000 a year.
【寫美】　補全句子
④A social survey shows that most people can’t 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　for a downtown apartment.一份社會調查表明，大多數人付不起市中心公寓的昂貴租金。
at the expense of以損害……為代價
【教材原句】　Some companies are taking unfair advantage of this situation to expand their share of the market，often at the expense of more traditional and established companies.
一些公司正在利用這種情況獲取不公平的優勢，來擴大市場份額，通常以犧牲已有的更為傳統的公司為代價。
【用法】
at one’s expense　　　　　由某人付錢 spare no expense （in doing sth） 不惜費用（做某事） at great/vast expense 以巨大的代價 living/household expenses 生活費用/家庭支出
【佳句】　Economic development should not be achieved at the expense of the ecological environment.實現經濟發展不應該以損害生態環境為代價。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①It is wrong for the factory to aim at sheer quantity at 　　　　　　　　　expense of quality.
②We were taken out for a meal 　　　　　　the company’s expense.
【寫美】　補全句子
③Wherever you are， I’ll 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　you.
無論你在哪里，我都會不惜代價找你。
Part Ⅱ　重點句型解構
句型公式：whether ...or ...引導讓步狀語從句
【教材原句】　Whether it’s an online shop where we can hire designer clothes at rock-bottom prices， or a platform from which we can rent out our flats for a couple of days， it’s out there.
無論是以最低價格出租名牌服裝的網店，還是可以把自己的公寓短租幾天的平臺，都已出現。
【用法】
whether ...or ...不管……還是……，引導讓步狀語從句。 （1）whether ...or ...后面可以接動詞不定式、形容詞或其他短語。 （2）whether ...or ...引導讓步狀語從句或名詞性從句。 （3）whether （...） or not 是否；不管是否
【品悟】　Whether he is right or wrong，he always comes off worst in an argument because of his inability to speak coherently.
不管他是對是錯，他總是在爭論中表現得最差，因為他說話不合乎邏輯。
【寫美】　微寫作
①正如俗話所說，無論你們是貧窮還是富有，真正的朋友最終都能經過考驗和磨難。（安慰信）
As the saying goes， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， true friends can go through trials and setbacks in the end.
②我想知道我們是應該先演奏一種音樂還是不同風格的音樂。（日常活動）
I’d like to know 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
music of different styles to start with.
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖語篇】
第一步
1.topic　2.sharing　3.benefits　4.problems　5.future
第二步
1－4　BCAD
第三步
1.定語　目的　我們正在利用科技來減少在商品和服務上的花費，或者用我們一直閑置的物品賺錢。
2.主語　表語　盡管如此，共享經濟無疑正在與我們的日常生活以及全球經濟產生越來越密切的聯系。
【核心知識·巧突破】
核心詞匯集釋
1.①To　②in　③shared joys and sorrows
2.①up　②off　③over　④take in what the old man said
3.①for　②out　③for　④afford the high rent
4.①the　②at　③spare no expense in finding
重點句型解構
　①whether you are poor or rich　②whether we should play one kind of music or
7 / 7(共96張PPT)
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
1
篇章助解·釋疑難
目 錄
2
文本透析·剖語篇
4
課時檢測·提能力
3
核心知識·巧突破
篇章助解·釋疑難
力推課前預習
1
What’s mine is yours.
　　We’ve been told since we were toddlers that “It’s good to
share”.Parents and teachers keep reminding us to share toys， snacks，
books， happy memories， and sometimes even sorrows① with
others.When we grow up， we share photos， life stories and opinions
with people around us and with those we don’t know via social media.
[1]Taking it as an object② of study， psychologists have published various
papers③ stating④ that the behaviour of sharing is beneficial to⑤ setting up⑥
positive emotional bonding.
　　[1] 本句為主從復合句。Taking it as an object of study為動詞-ing
短語作狀語；that引導賓語從句。
【讀文清障】
①sorrow n.令人悲傷的事，不幸
②object n.（極欲得到、研究、注意等的）對象
③publish various papers 發表各種論文
④state v.陳述，說明
⑤be beneficial to 對……有好處，有益于……
⑥set up 創建，建立
　　Today， the action of sharing takes on⑦ extra meaning.It’s not just
about sharing sweets or frustration⑧； it has expanded to almost every
aspect of our lives — the whole world seems to be into sharing.We are
using technology to reduce the money that we spend on goods and
services， or to make money out of those that we don’t use ourselves all
of the time.These vary from car shares to⑨ home shares， and even to pet
shares.The sharing economy is taking off⑩ in all sorts of areas.It is
creating new ways of thinking and is providing services to people when
and where they want them.
　　This wealth of ways of sharing is a response to our increasing
demand for quality goods and services at competitive prices， [2]all
delivered at the click of a button.[3]Whether it’s an online shop
where we can hire designer clothes at rock-bottom prices ， or a
platform from which we can rent out our flats for a couple of days ，
it’s out there.Whether we’re a lender or a borrower， it’s a win-win
situation； everyone makes or saves money.We also make connections
and sometimes even make new friends.What’s more， sharing
encourages us to reuse items， thereby cutting down on waste.
And set-ups such as bike and car sharing do a further favour for the
environment by reducing the number of polluting vehicles on the road.
　　[2]all delivered at the click of a button為獨立主格結構。
　　[3]句中Whether ...or ...引導狀語從句；其中where引導定語從
句，先行詞為shop；from which we can ...a couple of days為“介詞＋
關系代詞”引導的定語從句。
⑦take on 具有（特征、外觀等），呈現
⑧frustration n.懊喪，懊惱，沮喪
⑨vary from ...to ...
從……到……不同
⑩take off 走紅，突然成功
response n.回應
increasing demand for
對……不斷增長的需求
competitive adj.有競爭力的
deliver v.傳遞，傳送
at the click of 一按……
designer clothes名牌服裝
rock-bottom price最低價格
rent out 出租（房屋、房間、土地等）
a couple of days 幾天
cut down （on sth）減少，削減
　　But the sharing economy is not without its problems.[4] As is often
the case all over the world with new areas of economic activity， the
sharing economy is developing faster than existing regulations or ongoing
supervision .Some companies are taking unfair advantage of this
situation to expand their share of the market， often at the expense of
more traditional and established companies.In addition， the sharing
economy is subject to abuse of trust.Some people have experienced
damage to their properties whilst renting out their homes， and others
have found themselves victims of theft or attack while sharing
rides.Finally， personal data， the heart of the sharing economy，
is not yet secure .Sharing platforms collect personal information about
almost every part of our lives， including our names， locations， bank
information， and individual preferences for goods and services.Yet， the
technology to prevent such information from leaking or being stolen still
needs improvement， and the awareness of potential risks is low among
both service providers and users.
　　Nonetheless ， what is in no doubt is that the sharing economy is
increasingly relevant to our daily lives as well as to the global
economy.[5]It is expanding at such a rate that we can only imagine what
it will comprise in the future. What will we be sharing next？ Who will be
sharing and how？ And the most interesting question of all — what type of
society will all this sharing take us to？
　　[4]句中As為關系代詞，引導非限制性定語從句，在句中作主
語。
　　[5]句中such ...that引導結果狀語從句；在從句中what引導賓語
從句。
existing regulation 現有法規
ongoing supervision持續監管
take advantage of 利用
share n.股份，份額
expense n.費用，花費
at the expense of以損害……為代價
be subject to可能受……影響的
abuse n.濫用
property n.財產，財物
victim n.受害者
theft n.偷竊，偷盜
secure adj.安全的
potential risks潛在的風險
nonetheless adv.盡管如此
be relevant to與……相關
【參考譯文】
我的就是你的。
　　我們還在蹣跚學步的時候就被教導“要懂得分享”。父母和老師
不斷地提醒我們要與他人分享玩具、零食、書籍以及快樂的回憶，有
些時候甚至要分享自己的傷心事。我們長大后，會與周圍的人或者是
社交媒體上不認識的人分享照片、人生經歷和觀點。心理學家們將分
享作為研究的對象，發表了各種各樣的論文來說明分享行為有助于建
立積極的情感紐帶。
　　如今，分享行為又多了額外的含義。不僅僅是分享糖果或挫折，
分享行為幾乎已經擴大到生活的方方面面——整個世界似乎都在分
享。我們正在利用科技來減少在商品和服務上的花費，或者用我們一
直閑置的物品賺錢：從汽車共享到住房共享，甚至是寵物共享。共享
經濟正在各個領域紅火起來，它創造著新的思維方式，隨時隨地為有
需求的人們提供服務。
　　我們需要價格有競爭力的優質產品和服務，大量的共享方式是對
這種不斷增長的需求的回應，現在這些需求都可以通過一鍵單擊來實
現。無論是以最低價格出租名牌服裝的網店，還是可以把自己的公寓
短租幾天的平臺，都已出現。這對于出租者和租用者來說都是一個雙
贏的局面；人人都能掙錢，或都能省錢。我們可以建立聯系，有時候
甚至可以交到新朋友。不僅如此，共享方式鼓勵我們將物品再次利
用，從而減少浪費。共享單車、共享汽車等計劃的實施會進一步保護
環境，因為它們減少了行駛在路上的污染排放車輛的數量。
　　但共享經濟并非沒有問題。世界上新出現的經濟領域通常都是如
此，共享經濟的發展速度過快，而現有法規和持續監管還未跟上。一
些公司正在利用這種情況獲取不公平的優勢，來擴大市場份額，通常
以犧牲已有的更為傳統的公司為代價。此外，共享經濟容易受到信任
濫用的影響。有些人出租房屋時財物遭到破壞，還有人搭順風車時成
為盜竊甚至襲擊的受害者。最后一點，個人數據，即共享經濟的核
心，也并不安全。共享平臺收集的個人信息涵蓋我們生活的方方面
面，包括姓名、位置、銀行信息、對商品和服務的個人偏好。然而，
防止信息泄露或被盜的技術仍然有待改進，服務方和用戶對潛在風險
的防范意識也較低。
　　盡管如此，共享經濟無疑正在與我們的日常生活以及全球經濟產
生越來越密切的聯系。它飛速擴張，我們只能想象它將來會包含什
么。我們下一個共享的對象是什么？將由誰來共享以及如何共享？最
有趣的問題是——這些共享將會帶我們進入什么樣的社會？
文本透析·剖語篇
助力語篇理解
2
第一步：析架構理清脈絡
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks.
第二步：知細節明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1. What does “it” in “Taking it as an object of study” mean in the
first paragraph？（　　）
A. An object to study.
B. Sharing.
C. The thing shared with others.
D. Social media.
2. Which of the following sentences is WRONG？（　　）
A. The action of sharing has new meanings.
B. We can reduce the cost through sharing.
C. It is no use setting up positive emotional bonding by sharing.
D. We can also make money through sharing.
3. Sharing can cut down on waste because 　　　　.（　　）
A. we can reuse items by sharing
B. we can use items that other people don’t use
C. sharing can reduce our shopping desire
D. sharing makes us feel it shameful to waste
4. What can be talked about in the next paragraph？（　　）
A. What we will share in the future.
B. How to share with others in the future.
C. The categories of sharing.
D. The type of society that sharing will take us to.
第三步：析難句表達升級
1. We are using technology to reduce the money that we spend on goods
and services， or to make money out of those that we don’t use
ourselves all of the time.
句式分析 句中兩個that均引導 從句，or連接兩個并列的動
詞不定式短語作 狀語。
自主翻譯

定語　
目的　
我們正在利用科技來減少在商品和服務上的花費，或
者用我們一直閑置的物品賺錢。　
2. Nonetheless， what is in no doubt is that the sharing economy is
increasingly relevant to our daily lives as well as to the global
economy.
句式分析 句中what引導 從句，that引導 從句。
自主翻譯

主語　
表語　
盡管如此，共享經濟無疑正在與我們的日常生活以及
全球經濟產生越來越密切的聯系。　
核心知識·巧突破
探究課堂重點
3
Part Ⅰ　核心詞匯集釋
sorrow n.令人悲傷的事，不幸；悲傷，悲痛
【教材原句】　Parents and teachers keep reminding us to share toys，
snacks， books， happy memories， and sometimes even sorrows with
others.
父母和老師不斷地提醒我們要與他人分享玩具、零食、書籍以及快樂
的回憶，有些時候甚至要分享自己的傷心事。
【用法】
（1）in deep sorrow　　深深地感到悲哀
to one’s sorrow　　令某人傷心的是
share joys and sorrows　　同甘共苦
（2）sorrowful adj.　　悲傷的，悲痛的，悲哀的
sorrowful eyes　　悲傷的眼睛
【佳句】　At that moment， words couldn’t express my sorrow.
在那一刻，言語無法表達我的悲傷。
【練透】　單句語法填空
① her sorrow， she had her smartphone stolen on her way to the
library.
②When the great man passed away， the whole nation was deep
sorrow.
To　
in　
【寫美】　補全句子
③They developed their friendship to a stage where they often
.
他們的友誼已發展到了同甘共苦的地步。
shared
joys and sorrows　
take on呈現；較量；承擔；接受；從事；開始雇用
【教材原句】　Today，the action of sharing takes on extra meaning.
如今，分享行為又多了額外的含義。
【用法】
take off　　起飛；脫下；休假；開始成功
take over　　控制；接管
take in　　吸收；欺騙；理解；領悟
take up　　占據；從事
【佳句】　Every citizen should take on the responsibility to keep public
places clean in order to build a more beautiful city.
為了建設一個更加美麗的城市，每個公民都應該承擔起保持公共場所
清潔的責任。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①It has been demonstrated that cigarette advertising does encourage
children to take smoking.
②When we got to the airport， the plane carrying him had taken .
③She decided that I was the ideal person to take the job.
up　
off　
over　
【寫美】　補全句子
④I could hardly .
我幾乎聽不懂老人說了什么。
take in what the old man said　
rent out出租（房屋、房間、土地等）
【教材原句】　Whether it’s an online shop where we can hire designer
clothes at rock-bottom prices，or a platform from which we can rent out
our flats for a couple of days， it’s out there.
無論是以最低價格出租名牌服裝的網店，還是可以把自己的公寓短租
幾天的平臺，都已出現。
【用法】
（1）rent for　　　　　　租金為
（2）pay/cover the rent　　付租金
afford the rent　　負擔得起租金
for rent　　出租；招租
a low/high/fair rent　　低的/高的/合理的租金
put the rent up　　提高租金
【佳句】　The land was rented out to other farmers in the village， for
the owner of the land went to work in the city.
這片土地租給了村里其他農民，因為土地的主人到城市里工作了。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①There is also a lack of affordable housing rent or purchase by
young couples.
②During this weekend we decided to rent a boat and row down
the river.
③The new apartment with simple furniture rents $2，000 a year.
for　
out　
for　
【寫美】　補全句子
④A social survey shows that most people can’t
for a downtown apartment.
一份社會調查表明，大多數人付不起市中心公寓的昂貴租金。
afford the high rent　
at the expense of以損害……為代價
【教材原句】　Some companies are taking unfair advantage of this
situation to expand their share of the market，often at the expense of more
traditional and established companies.
一些公司正在利用這種情況獲取不公平的優勢，來擴大市場份額，通
常以犧牲已有的更為傳統的公司為代價。
【用法】
at one’s expense　　由某人付錢
spare no expense （in doing sth）不惜費用（做某事）
at great/vast expense　　以巨大的代價
living/household expenses　　生活費用/家庭支出
【佳句】　Economic development should not be achieved at the expense
of the ecological environment.
實現經濟發展不應該以損害生態環境為代價。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①It is wrong for the factory to aim at sheer quantity at expense of
quality.
②We were taken out for a meal the company’s expense.
the　
at　
【寫美】　補全句子
③Wherever you are， I’ll you.
無論你在哪里，我都會不惜代價找你。
spare no expense in finding　
Part Ⅱ　重點句型解構
句型公式：whether ...or ...引導讓步狀語從句
【教材原句】　Whether it’s an online shop where we can hire designer
clothes at rock-bottom prices， or a platform from which we can rent out
our flats for a couple of days， it’s out there.
無論是以最低價格出租名牌服裝的網店，還是可以把自己的公寓短租
幾天的平臺，都已出現。
【用法】
whether ...or ...不管……還是……，引導讓步狀語從句。
（1）whether ...or ...后面可以接動詞不定式、形容詞或其他短
語。
（2）whether ...or ...引導讓步狀語從句或名詞性從句。
（3）whether （...） or not 是否；不管是否
【品悟】　Whether he is right or wrong，he always comes off worst in
an argument because of his inability to speak coherently.
不管他是對是錯，他總是在爭論中表現得最差，因為他說話不合
乎邏輯。
【寫美】　微寫作
①正如俗話所說，無論你們是貧窮還是富有，真正的朋友最終都能經
過考驗和磨難。（安慰信）
As the saying goes， ， true friends can
go through trials and setbacks in the end.
②我想知道我們是應該先演奏一種音樂還是不同風格的音樂。（日常
活動）
I’d like to know music
of different styles to start with.
whether you are poor or rich　
whether we should play one kind of music or　
課時檢測·提能力
培育學科素養
4
維度一：品句填詞
1. Although warned the danger of alcohol （濫用）， many
people do not take the warning seriously.
2. Police are dealing with the （偷竊） of computers from the
company’s offices.
3. I took a coin out of my （錢包） and gave it to the child.
abuse　
theft　
purse　
4. The （費用） have been reduced to 1，000 yuan a
month.
5. Life mainly consists of happiness and s while happiness
consists in struggle.
6. The company h temporary employees to manage the increased
workload during the busy holiday season.
expenses　
orrow　
ired　
維度二：詞形轉換
1. You are to meet with （frustrate） in the pursuit of
success.
2. More people will be doing the work with proper
（supervise） and thus， more safely.
3. The （theft） ran away quickly to avoid being caught by the
policeman.
4. We argued with the waiter about the price of the meal yesterday.It was
so （expense）！
5. Seeing my father in so much pain was the most
（sorrow） and painful experience that I had ever faced.
frustration　
supervision　
thief　
expensive　
sorrowful　
維度三：固定搭配和句式
1. Much to our relief， though the airport was foggy， our plane
（起飛） smoothly.
2. （不管下不下雨），I shall go out for an
outing tomorrow.
3. If you invest now，you will be buying （以
最低價格）.The shares are at their lowest today.
4. She decided to （出租） a room to get extra income.
5. No other organisation was able or willing to （承擔） the
job.
6. Zhang Guimei is fighting for a noble cause
（以損害她的健康為代價）.
took
off　
Whether it rains or not　
at rock-bottom prices　
rent out　
take on　
at the expense of her
health　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　Many often find themselves considering jobs below their skill level in
worsening employment markets.But it turns out that working in a job
below your skill level harms your later chances of getting hired for a better-
paying job more appropriate to your qualifications.
　　Sociologist David Pedulla at the University of Texas conducted a
study to examine how jobs below a person’s skill level affect future
employability.He tailored 2，420 applications and submitted them to 1，
210 job listings posted in five major cities across the US. He varied the
applications by gender， and also by employment status for the previous
year.Then he used computer models to analyze and compare the
results.The results show that applicants who were positioned as working
below their skill level， regardless of gender had the lowest chances of
getting called for a job interview.
　　These results should serve as a warning to anyone considering taking a
job below their skill level.While it might pay the bills in the short term， it
can significantly hammer one’s ability to return to the relevant skill level
and pay grade at a later date.
　　Why might this be the case？ Pedulla conducted a follow-up study
with 903 employers.He asked them about their ideas of applicants with
each kind of employment history， and how likely they would be to
recommend each kind of candidate to an interview.The results show that
employers believe that men who are employed in positions below their skill
level are less committed and less competent than men in other employment
situations.Those surveyed also believed that women working below their
skill level were less competent than others， but did not believe them to be
less committed.
　　The results of studies suggest that work below skill level signals to
employers men’s incompetence and a lack of commitment.This is a
disturbing reminder that the sword of gender bias （偏見） does in fact cut
both ways.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。研究表明，在一份低于你技能水平
的工作中工作，會損害你以后找到一份更適合你資歷的高薪工作的
機會。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。研究表明，在一份低于你技能水平
的工作中工作，會損害你以后找到一份更適合你資歷的高薪工作的
機會。
1. Why do many people choose jobs below their skill level？（　　）
A. They fear bearing duties.
B. They lack self-confidence.
C. They face a tough economy.
D. They pursue better-paying jobs.
解析：　細節理解題。根據文章首句可知，許多人考慮低于自己
技能水平的工作是由于他們面臨著嚴峻的經濟形勢。
2. How do the researchers carry out the first study？（　　）
A. By conducting interviews.
B. By researching examples.
C. By making comparisons.
D. By doing surveys.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第二段前四句可知，研究人員通過作
比較的方法來進行第一項研究。
3. Which of the following can best replace the underlined word
“hammer” in Paragraph 3？（　　）
A. Ensure. B. Weaken.
C. Test. D. Exercise.
解析：　詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞上文These results should
serve ...in the short term及其后的one’s ability to return to the
relevant skill level and pay grade at a later date，尤其是表示轉折的
While可知，考慮接受低于自己技能水平的工作雖然可以掙到錢，
但會削弱一個人日后恢復到有關技能水平和薪酬等級的能力。由此
猜測，hammer意為“減弱，削弱”，與weaken意思相近。
4. What is the employers’ idea according to the follow-up study？
（　　）
A. Men are more likely to get promoted.
B. Women are more devoted and capable.
C. Women behave better in jobs below skill level.
D. Men show talents in work of the relevant level.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段最后兩句可推知，雇主的
想法是女性在技能低于自己水平的工作中比男性表現更好。
B
　　The sun was rising as we drove across the Minnesota state line to New
York for my new Ph.D. program.The move was good for me
professionally， but I worried about my husband and daughters.I also
feared that I wouldn’t be able to give my kids the childhood they
deserved.
　　Anne， our first daughter， who is brilliant， came into the world
when I was a junior majoring in biology in college.It was challenging to
balance classes， work schedules， and being a mom.But I got through it
and persuaded myself， finding moments of joy along the way.On the
nights when I was home， I’d read my class notes out loud with my
daughter.She’d respond by asking impressive questions， such as
“Mom， what are bacteria？” It helped us both learn.
　　After I graduated， I knew that I would need a Ph.D. to land the kind
of job I was fascinated by.I arrived in New York feeling more than the
usual new-grad-student anxiety.I also suffered from a more personal fear
that I was being selfish — that my decision to invigorate my career was
going to have long-term negative impacts on my kids.
　　Over the past year， though， I’ve started to let go of some of this
worry.I’ve realized that we have not only adapted to our new situation，
but things are getting better.My husband landed a job that he is happy
with.Anne dreams of becoming a marine biologist.Recently， while
driving past the cancer institution I work at， Anne said， “Thinking
about people having cancer is so sad， but I feel better knowing that you
are researching it to help.”
　　Navigating academia as a young mother is hard， but it’s also
rewarding.My kids are learning to look at the world through the lens of
science， and watching their mom succeed inspires them.I look forward to
seeing them follow my footsteps， whatever path they choose.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者對學業和家庭
的雙重追求和收獲的故事。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者對學業和家庭
的雙重追求和收獲的故事。
5. How did the writer feel about the move for her Ph.D. program？
（　　）
A. It was fruitful but exhausting.
B. It was the last thing she would do.
C. It was hopeful but challenging.
D. It was promising for the whole family.
解析： 　細節理解題。根據第一段中的The move was good for me
professionally， but I worried about my husband and daughters.I also
feared that I wouldn’t be able to give my kids the childhood they
deserved.可知，作者認為因她的博士項目而搬家既是充滿希望的，
也是具有挑戰性的。
6. Which can best replace the word “invigorate” in Paragraph 3？
（　　）
A. Boost. B. Change.
C. Create. D. Choose.
解析： 　詞義猜測題。根據第三段中的After I graduated， I knew
that I would need a Ph.D. to land the kind of job I was fascinated by.
可知，作者決定讀博士來獲得自己想要的工作。由此可知，這個決
定是為了促進自己的事業發展，因此猜測畫線詞invigorate意為“促
進，幫助”，可用動詞boost替換。
7. What could be inferred from Anne’s words in Paragraph 4？（　　）
A. People are afraid of having cancer.
B. Cancer is health enemy No.1.
C. Her mother takes her job seriously.
D. Anne is proud of her mother.
解析： 　推理判斷題。根據第四段中的Anne said，“Thinking
about people having cancer is so sad， but I feel better knowing that
you are researching it to help.”可推知，安妮以她的母親為榮。
8. What might be the best title for the text？（　　）
A. Onwards and Upwards
B. Double Gains of Mom’s Pursuit
C. Like Mother Like Daughter
D. Generation Gap Narrowed by Love
解析： 　標題歸納題。本文主要講述了作者為了攻讀博士學位搬
家，但她擔心丈夫和孩子不適應新環境。但最后的結果很好，丈夫
找到了新工作，女兒也在她的影響下有了夢想和追求，自己也在工
作領域發展得很好。因此B項（媽媽追求的雙重收獲）為文章的最
佳標題。
C
　　Imagine you found a wallet containing a stranger’s contact details
but no cash.Would you return it to its owner？ Now imagine the same
wallet contained a few banknotes.Would that change your response？
Does it depend on the amount of money？ And how do you think other
people would react？
　　Honesty makes the world go round.Without people trusting in one
another， society would fall apart.Honesty is therefore studied
academically.Most work in the area， though， takes place under
controlled conditions in labs， often featuring well-off and well-educated
Westerners as its subjects.By contrast Alain Cohn of the University of
Michigan and his colleagues have taken such behavioral economics around
the world， covering 40 countries， 355 cities and more than 17，000
people.
　　As the team report this week in Science， Dr Cohn’s research
assistants entered public buildings.They handed in a wallet to the
receptionist， saying they had found it on the street outside.Each wallet
contains contact details.Importantly， some wallets also included
$13.45， while others not.Then， the team simply waited to see who
would return the wallet.
　　In 38 of the 40 countries， the wallets with money were returned
more often than those without （51% vs 40%）.In addition， wallets
containing a larger sum of money （$94.15） were even more likely （by
about another 10%） to be returned than those with less.
　　With greater temptation （誘惑）， then， comes greater honesty —
at least when it comes to lost wallets.Interestingly， though， such
honesty is not reflected in people’s expectations of others.When
surveyed， most of 299 volunteers predicted that the more money in a
wallet， the less likely it would be returned.
　　A certain doubt about the motives of others is probably good for
survival.But the warm inner thought of “doing the right thing” is also a
powerful motivation.How this altruism developed is much debated —
particularly when it extends， as in Dr Cohn’s experiments， to
strangers whom the altruist has no expectation of ever meeting.Be that as it
may， as this study shows， such altruism is real and universal.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章通過一個錢包的實驗表明，誘
惑越大，人們越講誠信。這與人們原本的期望相反。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章通過一個錢包的實驗表明，誘
惑越大，人們越講誠信。這與人們原本的期望相反。
9. How is Alain Cohn’s research different from the previous？（　　）
A. It covered varied subjects and backgrounds.
B. More scientists participated in the research.
C. It was carried out in controlled situations.
D. It took no account of well-educated Westerners.
解析： 　細節理解題。根據第二段最后兩句可知，不同于以往的
研究，Alain Cohn的研究涵蓋了不同的受試者和背景。
10. What can we learn from the research？（　　）
A. Rate of honesty varies among countries.
B. People prefer returning wallets without money.
C. The less money in a wallet， the higher rate of returning.
D. Wallets with more money are more likely to be given back.
解析： 　細節理解題。根據第四段第二句可知，該研究顯示錢
包里的錢越多，就越有可能被歸還。
11. What does the underlined word “altruism” in the last paragraph
mean？（　　）
A. Doubt of others’ motivations.
B. Concern for others’ needs.
C. The motivation for survival.
D. Understanding of people’s doubt.
解析： 　詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞上文But the warm inner
thought of “doing the right thing” is also a powerful motivation.和
其后的is much debated可推知，受到很多爭議的是上文提到的這種
“做正確的事”——歸還他人錢包的“利他行為”的發展方式。
由此猜測，畫線詞意為“利他行為”，即關心他人的需要。
12. What’s the best title for the text？（　　）
A. Money Answers All Things
B. Money Makes the Mare Go
C. Honesty Is Questioned in Face of Money
D. Money Doesn’t Make the World Go Round
解析： 　標題歸納題。文章圍繞一個關于誠實行為的研究在全
球范圍內進行實地實驗，發現大多數人傾向于歸還他人丟失的錢
包，尤其是當錢包里有鈔票，且鈔票數額越大時，人們越傾向于
采取誠實行為。這與人們對于他人是否誠信的預期相反。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　The cost-of-living crisis will hit us hard with rising energy prices and
increasing costs.However， things aren’t totally hopeless.13.（　　）
　　Accountability （責任心）
　　The cost-of-living crisis will force us all to prioritize what we spend
money on.14.（　　） If you need more discipline in this area， a
responsible partner or group might be the answer.According to
productivity experts， you are more likely to stay responsible for your
goals if you know you have to periodically check in with another person.
　　Item exchanging
　　We generally tend to spend more in the cold months.And when you
have an entire household of people to provide for， the cost can quickly
add up.So imagine how much money you could save by acquiring some
items without spending an extra penny.Don’t be shy about asking those
you are closest to if they have an extra blanket they no longer use， or a
toy they are about to get rid of.15.（　　） Besides， you’ll be
offering something in return.
　　Information sharing
　　The best thing about a community is the wealth of knowledge.You
might not inherit a pair of shoes or a cardigan， but you could get essential
money-saving advice.From the latest government support available to
where to shop for reduced items， those in your community may hold the
key to crucial financial help.16.（　　）
　　Cooking together
　　Banding with your closest friends or neighbors to prepare and share
meals works well for small communities.17.（　　） You can simply
batch cook， divide the food into portions and meet weekly exchange
meals.In this case， you stand to save money and minimize waste in the
long run.It’s also a lot of fun.
A. The worst they can do is say “no”.
B. Here’s how your community could help you cope.
C. This is why it will be important for you to voice your needs.
D. Many people are struggling with increasingly high costs of living.
E. That’s not to say you have to be at each other’s houses for dinner
every night.
F. However， exchanging things they no longer need will occupy lots of
your space.
G. As prices increase， keeping more of our cash for the bare necessities
will become vital.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了幾種節約生活成本
的方法。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了幾種節約生活成本
的方法。
13. B　上文引出話題：生活成本危機。下文具體介紹了幾種在社區
中節約生活成本的方法。B項（以下是你的社區可以幫助你應對的方
法）承上啟下。
14. G　上句提到優先考慮把錢花在什么地方。G項（隨著物價的上
漲，為生活必需品保留更多的現金將變得至關重要）承接上文。
15. A　上句提到向親近的人要東西。空處應說明他們對此要求的反
應。A項（他們能做的最壞的事就是說“不”）承接上文。
16. C　上句提到社區的人可能掌握著獲得重要經濟幫助的關鍵，要
利用社區的作用。C項（這就是為什么說出你的需求對你來說很重
要）承接上文。
17. E　上句提到和你最親密的朋友或鄰居分享食物；下句說明把食物
分成幾份，每周交換一次飯。E項（這并不是說你們每天晚上都要去
對方家里吃晚飯）承上啟下。
Ⅲ.應用文寫作
　　假定你是李華，你的美國朋友Tom聽說在中國通過掃描二維碼
（scan QR codes）就可以輕松實現“非現金支付”，他對此感到不可
思議。請你寫一封郵件告知他“非現金支付”在中國的相關情況，內
容包括：
　　1. 在中國最流行，給人們的日常生活提供了便利；
　　2. 快捷且強大的功能：如買早餐，買地鐵票；
　　3. 改變我們的生活，引領世界。
注意：1.寫作詞數應為80左右；
2. 請按如下格式作答。
Dear Tom，
Yours，
Li Hua
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
參考范文：
Dear Tom，
　　How are you？ Glad to tell you something about non-cash payments
in China.
　　Non-cash payments are most popular in China.They have made
people’s daily lives more and more convenient.Most of us are used to
paying by scanning QR codes.By non-cash payments， we can pay easily
wherever we go.For example， we can buy breakfast on the street and
purchase tickets in the subway station by scanning QR codes.This is a
glimpse into the life of most Chinese people — allowing us to bid farewell
to the wallet and cash.Non-cash payments have greatly changed people’s
lives in China.It seems that China is really leading in some ways and is
also sweeping other nations.
　　Looking forward to hearing from you again.
Yours，
Li Hua
謝謝觀看！

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