資源簡介

Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
維度一：品句填詞
1.The lost car was found 　　　　　　（遺棄） in the woods off the highway.
2.The case was 　　　　　　　（拒絕） in the absence of any definite proof.
3.He described the landing as a big step for human 　　　　　　（文明）.
4.So b　　　　　　 was she in doing work that she didn’t notice it got dark outside.
5.A　　　　　　　　　 is the scientific study of the stars， planets， and other natural objects in space.
維度二：詞形轉換
1.The universe is very 　　　　　　（mystery），and it is full of temptation.
2.The book is an 　　　　　　（expand） of a series of lectures given last year.
3.We saw 　　　　　　（abandon） farms which were built more than a hundred years ago.
4.I found him 　　　　　　（bury） in reading the novel when I came in the room， making no response to my questions.
5.　　　　　　 （apply） are selected for jobs based on the results of a competitive examination.
維度三：固定搭配和句式
1.Its once-great cities 　　　　　　　　（成為廢墟）， leaving various mysteries.
2.Their conclusions do not 　　　　　　　　（與……相符） the original.
3.Because of their courage， daring and idealism， we will miss them 　　　　　　　　（更加）.
4.As we know， the British Empire was 　　　　　　　　　　　（在鼎盛時期） in the mid 19th century.
5.The concert was terrible， and 　　　　　　　　（除……之外） all that， the tickets were really expensive.
6.We’ll set off tomorrow， 　　　　　　　　　　（無論天氣如何）.
7.The fact 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（近來誰也沒有見過他） disturbs everyone in his office.
8.The temperature keeps rising and no rain falls， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（引發了幾場野火）.
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　The recently opened time capsule at the US Military Academy West Point has sparked excitement and curiosity.Although the initial disappointment was palpable when the box seemed to contain only dirt， the discovery of hidden treasures has reawakened interest in the historical significance of the artifacts.
　　The time capsule， believed to have been placed by West Point military students， was found inside the base of a memorial dedicated to Thaddeus Kosciuszko， a Revolutionary War hero.The contents of the capsule， revealed during a ceremonial opening at the military school， included six silver American coins dating from 1795 and 1828， as well as a medal commemorating （紀念） the Erie Canal from 1826.
　　While the live opening event did not provide the expected glimpse into historical military objects or documents， it has deepened the mystery surrounding the purpose of the time capsule.The discovery of these valuable coins and medal supports the theory that the box was buried by the military students sometime between 1828 and 1829.Additional research will be conducted to explore other potential surprises within the capsule.
　　The preservation and investigation of the time capsule hold immense historical value， casting light on the past and connecting the present generation with the stories and legacy of those who came before.Archeologist Paul Hudson， despite the initial letdown， remains optimistic about the ongoing research possibilities and the potential insights awaiting discovery.
　　As experts explore further into the remains of the time capsule， they aim to uncover any remaining artifacts and gain a better understanding of the time period and the motivations behind burying this historical treasure.The challenge lies in preserving and studying the fragile materials， considering the potential damage caused by moisture and the passage of nearly two centuries.
　　The exploration of this time capsule serves as a reminder of our shared history and the importance of preserving and celebrating the contributions and sacrifices made by those who paved the way for future generations.The story of the West Point time capsule continues to capture the imagination of historians， researchers， and the public， as they eagerly await further discoveries and insights from this extraordinary find.
1.What does the underlined word “palpable” in Paragraph 1 mean？（　　）
A.Apparent.　　　　　 B.Unreasonable.
C.Lasting. D.Impossible.
2.What does the discovery of the coins and medal confirm about the time capsule？（　　）
A.It was placed to commemorate the Erie Canal.
B.It was buried during the Revolutionary War.
C.It was treated well as a gift from a foreign country.
D.It was likely buried by military students in the 1800s.
3.What is Paul Hudson planning to do next with the remains of the time capsule？（　　）
A.Donate them to a museum.
B.Sell them to collectors.
C.Bury them again for future generations.
D.Continue studying them for further insights.
4.Why is preserving and studying the materials from the time capsule challenging？（　　）
A.They are difficult to analyze due to their small size.
B.They may have been seriously damaged over the two centuries.
C.They had been heavily damaged before the capsule was buried.
D.The time capsule had been placed in a remote and inaccessible location.
B
　　While conducting a survey by airplane of northern Guatemala， researchers detected an ancient Maya site.“We can now see the entire landscape of the Maya region in this section of Guatemala”， said Carlos Morales-Aguilar， one of the researchers from the Department of Geography and the Environment at the University of Texas.
　　The findings were the result of the survey using lidar （雷達）， or light detection and ranging， which has been revolutionary for studying historic sites.In lidar， lasers are sent out and the reflected light is used to create imagery of a landscape.The technology is particularly beneficial in areas with limited visibility such as the rainforest in Maya site， as lasers can enter the heavy tree canopy， the thick cover formed by the leafy upper branches in a forest.
　　“The lidar data showed for the first time an area that was integrated politically and economically， and never seen before in other places in the Western Hemisphere （西半球），” Carlos wrote in the study.Using data from the scans， the team identified more than 1，000 settlements dotting the region.They were interconnected by 100 miles of causeways that the Maya likely traveled on foot.They also detected the remains of several large platforms and pyramids， along with canals and reservoirs used for water collection.
　　So what made this region so attractive that the Maya would want to settle there in the first place？
　　“For the Maya， the Mirador-Calakmul Karst Basin was the ‘Goldilocks Zone’，” Ross Ensley wrote， partner of Carlos， a geologist from the Institute for Geological Study of the Maya Lowlands in Houston， Texas.“The Maya settled in this region because it had the right mix of uplands for settlement and lowlands for agriculture.” Uplands lie above the level where flooding occurs.They provided a source for limestone， their primary building material， and dry land to live on.The lowlands are mostly seasonal swamps （沼澤）， which provided space for wetland agriculture as well as organic-rich soil for use in terraced agriculture.
　　Researchers hope lidar technology will help them explore sections of Guatemala that have remained a mystery for centuries.
5.Why did the researchers use lidar in the survey？（　　）
A.It detects a wide range of lasers.
B.It pictures quick and clear imagery.
C.It passes lights through forests easily.
D.It improves the visibility of rainforests.
6.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about？（　　）
A.Why Maya drew great attention.
B.How Maya people made a living.
C.The research process after surveying the Maya.
D.The findings through observing the Maya region.
7.What can we infer about the Maya people according to Ross Ensley？（　　）
A.They transformed the land to survive.
B.They were good at upland agriculture.
C.They preferred to build houses using limestone.
D.They made a sound choice about where to settle.
8.Which is the best title for the text？（　　）
A.The Perfect Habitat for the Maya People
B.The Secrets of the Ancient Maya Civilization
C.Revolutionary Use of Lidar Reveals Maya Settlements
D.Lidar Technology Unlocks New Discoveries of Rainforests
C
　　Built during the Hellenistic period （希臘化時代）， sometime between 324 BC and 246 BC， the Great Library of Alexandria is said to be an architectural wonder of ancient Egypt.More importantly， the library housed a vast collection of works from all across the ancient world and was a major center of scholarship.The library was charged with an important task of collecting all of the world’s books， and employed many methods to acquire new works.A well-funded acquisitions department searched the book fairs of Rhodes and Athens， buying individual texts or even whole libraries.Ships that landed at the harbor of Alexandria were searched for books to add to the library’s collection.The library also employed a number of scholars who produced original works on subjects such as astronomy， mathematics， and physics.
　　In addition， the workers and scholars of the Great Library translated texts from around the world into Greek.Some of the first translations of Biblical texts into Greek may have taken place at the library in the time of Ptolemy Ⅰ.Much work was done to edit authoritative versions （權威版） of the Homeric myths （荷馬時代的神話） for which the Greeks are so well known today， and these were only a few of the great works of translation and editing that took place in Alexandria in the Hellenistic period.
　　It is ironic （諷刺的） that the fate of the Great Library — an institution devoted to the collection and preservation of knowledge — is covered in myth and mystery.Many sources say the library burned down， but the date is uncertain.It may have burned down more than once， either by accident or design.Smaller sister institutions may have survived the original library， only to be destroyed later.The Great Library， or some version of it， could have survived for anywhere between 300 and 1，000 years.However it ended， there can be little doubt that the scholarship of the Great Library had a great and lasting effect on history， and the works that were kept， translated， or created there have had a great influence on our culture even to the present day.
9.What can be inferred from the text about the Great Library？（　　）
A.It was mainly financed by Ptolemy Ⅰ.
B.Some works of it survived to the present day.
C.Most Greek myths were originally created at it.
D.It aimed to become the world’s knowledge center.
10.How does the author explain the translation and editing work of the Great Library？（　　）
A.By giving examples.
B.By following space order.
C.By describing the difference.
D.By analyzing cause and effect.
11.What does the author think of the Great Library？（　　）
A.It was too mysterious to be true.
B.It was influential and valuable.
C.It inspired modern libraries.
D.It wasted too much money.
12.What is the text mainly about？（　　）
A.The Great Library’s brief history.
B.The Great Library’s disappearance.
C.The effect of two ancient civilizations.
D.The role of libraries throughout history.
Ⅱ.語法填空
　　The construction work finally began on a new branch of the Palace Museum， 13.　　　　　　 the Forbidden City after almost a decade of preparation work.Located in Xiyuhe， 14.　　　　　　　　 village in Haidian district， about 30 kilometers from the Forbidden City， the northern branch will include an exhibition space 15.　　　　　　 （cover） over 60，000 square meters for cultural relics.More than 35，000 square meters will also be provided for relic restoration work.The construction work is expected to cost 2.1 billion yuan.
　　The Forbidden City was China’s royal palace during the Ming and Qing 16.　　　　　　 （dynasty）.The year after China’s last emperor， Puyi， 17.　　　　　　 （leave） the royal residence in 1924， it became a public museum.
　　Over 1.86 million cultural relics are now housed in the museum， which accounts for 40 per cent of the country’s 18.　　　　　　　　 （high） Level-1 cultural relics.However， lack 19.　　　　　　 exhibition spaces and outdated offices have 20.　　　　　　 （great） bothered administrators of the museum for long.It is estimated that only 10，000 cultural relics can 21.　　　　　　 （move） out of the museum’s warehouses for public viewing each year.This makes a new branch very necessary.
The proposal to build a northern branch of the museum was first made in 2013.A blueprint， 22.　　　　　　 included elements of red walls and golden roofs of the Forbidden City into the modern structure， won the bid for the project.
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
基礎知識自測
維度一
1.abandoned　2.dismissed　3.civilisation　4.buried　
5.Astronomy
維度二
1.mysterious　2.expansion　3.abandoned　4.buried　
5.Applicants
維度三
1.fell into ruin
2.correspond to/with
3.all the more
4.at its peak
5.on top of
6.whatever the weather （is）
7.that he has not been seen recently
8.bringing about several cases of wildfire
素養能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。美國西點軍校打開了一個擁有將近兩百年歷史的時間膠囊，其中包含了一些珍貴的硬幣和獎章。這一發現引發了人們對歷史的好奇和探索。
1.A　詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞所在句可知，人們對于發現這個時間膠囊的情感與態度，一開始當盒子里似乎只有泥土時，人們的失望應該是很“明顯的”。由此推測，畫線詞意為“明顯的”，與apparent意思相近。
2.D　細節理解題。根據第三段第二句可知，硬幣和獎章的發現證實了時間膠囊很可能是在19世紀被軍校學生埋下的。
3.D　推理判斷題。根據第四段最后一句可推知，Paul Hudson對該研究進一步的發現持樂觀的態度；再結合第五段第一句可推知，他計劃繼續研究時間膠囊的殘骸以獲得更深入的見解。
4.B　細節理解題。根據第五段最后一句可知，保存和研究時間膠囊中的材料是一項挑戰，因為它們可能在兩個世紀中遭到嚴重損害。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。研究人員利用激光雷達發現了一處瑪雅人遺址。文章介紹了激光雷達的優勢以及觀察瑪雅地區的發現。
5.C　細節理解題。根據第二段最后一句可知，研究人員在調查中使用激光雷達是因為它能輕易地將光線穿過森林。
6.D　段落大意題。通讀第三段可知，第三段介紹了在這個地區的發現，即通過觀察瑪雅地區而有的發現。
7.D　推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段中引述的Ross Ensley的話可推知，瑪雅人對在哪里定居做出了明智的選擇。
8.C　標題歸納題。根據文章首句，第二段首句并結合下文可知，文章主要說明了研究人員開創性地利用激光雷達技術探測出了一處瑪雅人遺址，同時介紹了激光雷達的優勢以及觀察瑪雅地區的發現。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了亞歷山大圖書館，講述了它曾經如何收集圖書，以及沒人知道它是如何消失的，并講述了它的歷史影響。
9.D　推理判斷題。根據第一段第二、三句可推知，大圖書館的目標是變成世界上的知識中心。
10.A　推理判斷題。根據第二段第二、三句可知，大圖書館的編輯和翻譯工作是通過舉例的方式進行說明的。
11.B　推理判斷題。根據最后一段最后一句可知，作者認為大圖書館是很有價值且影響深遠的。
12.A　主旨大意題。文章第一段講述大圖書館建立之初的圖書收集工作，第二段講述大圖書館的編輯和翻譯工作，第三段講述了對大圖書館滅亡的推測以及大圖書館的重要性和歷史影響。由此可知，本文主要對大圖書館的歷史作了簡單介紹。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇報道。籌備近十年之久的故宮博物院北院區正式破土動工，以更好地向大眾展覽故宮博物院的文物。
13.or　考查連詞。故宮博物院又稱紫禁城，所填詞用于引出解釋性詞語，表示“或者說”，故填or。
14.a　考查冠詞。根據語境可知，此處泛指海淀區的一個村莊，應用不定冠詞，且village的發音以輔音音素開頭，故填a。
15.covering　考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，此處應用非謂語動詞。動詞cover與其邏輯主語an exhibition space之間為主動關系，故填covering。
16.dynasties　考查名詞的單復數。根據空前的the Ming and Qing可知，此處指兩個朝代，故填dynasties。
17.left　考查動詞的時態。分析句子結構可知，空處所在分句缺少謂語動詞。根據下文的in 1924可知，此處描述的是過去發生的事，應用一般過去時，故填left。
18.highest　考查形容詞的最高級。根據語境可知，此處指現在故宮博物院里收藏了186萬多件文物，占國家最高一級文物的40%，應用形容詞的最高級，故填highest。
19.of　考查介詞。lack of意為“缺乏”，為固定搭配，故填of。
20.greatly　考查詞形轉換。分析句子結構可知，所填詞修飾謂語動詞bothered，應用副詞，故填greatly。
21.be moved　考查動詞的語態。空處所在分句缺少謂語動詞，主語only 10，000 cultural relics和所填詞之間為被動關系，空前有can，故填be moved。
22.which　考查定語從句。分析句子結構可知，所填詞引導非限制性定語從句且在從句中作主語，先行詞A blueprint指物，故填which。
5 / 5Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
The Mysteries of THE MAYA
[1]Intrigued① by Maya civilisation② from a very young age， 15-year-old Canadian William Gadoury thought he had made an incredible discovery③ from his study of ancient star charts.Through comparison④， he found that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond to⑤ the positions of the stars.Based on this， he believed he had spotted⑥ an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle.[2] Although his theory has been dismissed⑦ by scholars， it shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people.
It isn’t difficult to see why.Extending south from parts of what we now know as Mexico into Central America， Maya civilisation has been surrounded by mystery since its rediscovery in the 19th century.The Maya built impressive palaces and temples， including their representative⑧ step pyramids.What is most extraordinary about these complex structures is how they were built without the use of wheels， metal tools or even animal power⑨.The Maya’s understanding of mathematics⑩ and astronomy was also quite amazing.They applied this understanding to the Maya calendar， which was accurate to within 30 seconds per year.[3]On top of all this was an achievement unique in the Americas at that time： a true writing system.It contained more than 800 characters ， [4]with some signs representing animals， people and objects and others representing syllables .It was a writing system so complicated that， so far， no one has been able to interpret it completely.
　　[1]Intrigued by ...為過去分詞短語作原因狀語，表示“被……所吸引”。
[2]本句為主從復合句。Although引導讓步狀語從句；how引導賓語從句。
[3]本句是一個完全倒裝句。
[4]with的復合結構作狀語。
[5]The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious.[6]But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities. By 700 AD， Maya civilisation was at its peak .Yet， within just a couple of generations ， it began to mysteriously decline .The cities were left to be taken back by the jungle.When Europeans arrived in Central America in the early 16th century to claim its riches ， the remaining Maya people were living in small settlements .
　　[5]本句中that引導同位語從句；另外，本句還包含一個“make＋賓語＋賓語補足語”結構，its achievements為賓語，all the more incredible and mysterious為賓語補足語。
[6]本句中what引導表語從句。
　　[7]Why Maya civilisation collapsed remains a mystery.Was it a natural disaster？ A deadly disease？ Conflicts between cities？ Or was it a combination of several different factors？ Some research seems to indicate that the Maya people themselves may have played a part in their downfall .They had turned wetlands into fields for growing grains， and had dug huge canal systems.As their population expanded， yet more land was needed for agriculture and more trees for construction.[8]By changing the landscape in this way， it is possible that the Maya people unknowingly reduced their ability to deal with natural disasters.
Research also suggests that those natural disasters may have led to the decline of the Maya.Some recent studies have found that there were far fewer tropical cyclones than usual between 700 AD and 1000 AD.This is likely to have led to a series of droughts， each lasting for a couple of years， including a “megadrought” around 900 AD.[9]Many scientists believe that these droughts were the main reason why Maya civilisation began to collapse at different rates in different places.These droughts would have led to food shortages， conflicts and， ultimately， the downfall of the cities.
[10]Whatever the reasons， Maya civilisation largely disappeared within the deep jungle.Its once-great cities fell into ruin， [11]leaving various mysteries for later people to solve.Meanwhile， the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past， present and future.
　　[7]Why引導主語從句。
[8]本句含有主語從句，it作形式主語，真正的主語為that從句。
[9]本句中that引導賓語從句；why引導定語從句，修飾先行詞reason。
[10]Whatever引導讓步狀語從句，省略了be動詞were。
[11]動詞-ing短語作結果狀語。
【讀文清障】
①intrigue v.（因奇特或神秘而）激起……的興趣，引起……的好奇心
②civilisation n.文明（社會）
③an incredible discovery
一個驚人的發現
④comparison n.對比，比較
⑤correspond to 與……相符；類似于
⑥spot v.發現
⑦dismiss v.拒絕考慮，否定
⑧representative adj.典型的，有代表性的
⑨power n.力量
⑩mathematics n.數學
astronomy n.天文學
apply v.應用
apply ...to ...
把……應用于……
accurate adj.精確的
character n.字母；符號
represent v.代表
syllable n.音節
interpret v.詮釋；說明
primitive adj.原始的
at its peak在它的巔峰時期
a couple of generations幾代
decline v.衰落，衰弱，衰敗
riches n.[pl.]財富；財產
claim its riches索取它的財富
settlement n.定居點
collapse v.崩潰，瓦解；倒塌，坍塌
deadly adj.致命的
a combination of……的結合
indicate v.暗示；表明
downfall n.衰敗
unknowingly adv.
未意識到地，不知不覺地
tropical cyclone熱帶氣旋
the rise and fall 興衰
【參考譯文】
瑪雅之迷
十五歲的加拿大少年威廉·甘德瑞自幼便對瑪雅文明著迷，他認為自己通過研究古老星象圖有了驚人發現。通過比較，他發現117座已知瑪雅城市的位置和星象的位置是對應的。據此，他相信自己發現了一座隱藏于叢林深處的未知瑪雅城市的位置。盡管學者們對他的理論不予考慮，但是這表明古瑪雅文明的奧秘在人們心中是如此舉足輕重。
這背后的原因不難發現。瑪雅文明的范圍從現今墨西哥的部分區域向南延伸至中美洲。自從19世紀瑪雅文明再現，層層迷霧便一直圍繞著它。瑪雅人建造了恢宏的宮殿和廟宇，其中包括代表性建筑階梯金字塔。這些復雜建筑最不同尋常之處在于，在沒有使用機輪、金屬工具甚至畜力的情況下，瑪雅人是如何建造它們的。瑪雅人對數學和天文學的認識也十分令人驚嘆。他們將這一認識應用到了瑪雅歷中，該歷法精確程度極高，每年誤差不超過30秒。除此之外，還有一項當時美洲獨有的成就：一個真正的文字系統。這種文字系統包含800多個字符，有些符號代表動物、人和物，其他代表音節。這種文字系統很復雜，以至于到目前為止沒有人可以將其完全解讀。
瑪雅社會的科技水平十分原始，這一事實使得瑪雅的種種成就更加令人難以置信、神秘莫測。但最大的謎團是為何瑪雅人拋棄了絕大部分的大城市。到公元700年時，瑪雅文明如日中天。然而，僅僅在幾代之內，瑪雅文明開始神秘地衰落。城市荒廢，任憑叢林蠶食取代。16世紀早期，歐洲人來到中美洲攫取財富時，只剩下一些瑪雅人居住在小型聚居區里。
　　瑪雅文明衰落的原因一直是一個謎團。究竟是因為自然災害、致死疾病、城市間的沖突、抑或是幾個不同因素疊加所致？某些研究似乎暗示，瑪雅人自己也許就是導致衰落的掘墓人。他們將濕地變成了種植莊稼的田地，還開鑿了巨大的運河系統。隨著人口增長，人們需要更多土地以發展農業，需要更多樹木以修建建筑物。通過這樣改變地貌，瑪雅人可能在不知不覺中減弱了自己應對自然災害的能力。
研究也表明，那些自然災害可能導致了瑪雅文明的衰落。最近一些研究發現，公元700年到公元1000年之間，熱帶氣旋的數量遠遠少于往常。這可能導致了一系列旱災，每一次旱災都持續若干年，其中就包括公元900年的一場“百年不遇的旱災”。許多科學家認為，這些旱災是瑪雅文明在不同地方以不同速度衰落的主要原因。這些旱災會導致食物短缺、沖突發生，最終導致城市的衰敗。
無論原因如何，瑪雅文明幾乎消失在了叢林深處。曾經恢宏的城市淪為廢墟，留下各種謎團等待后人解開。同時，瑪雅文明的崛起與衰落必定也讓我們思考自己的過去、現在與將來。
第一步：析架構理清脈絡
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks.
第二步：知細節明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What is the author’s purpose in starting the passage with the story about William Gadoury？（　　）
A.To introduce Maya civilisation.
B.To amuse the readers.
C.To emphasize the importance of Maya civilisation.
D.To inform us of the location of the Maya city.
2.Which of the following is WRONG about Maya civilisation？（　　）
A.The Maya had a knowledge of mathematics and astronomy.
B.Step pyramids were built without using metal tools.
C.Its writing system is so complicated that fewer can interpret it.
D.The Maya built impressive palaces and temples.
3.What can we infer from Paragraph 3？（　　）
A.The Maya made their achievements with the modern technology.
B.Europeans defeated Maya people and the civilisation declined.
C.The Maya cities had disappeared before the early 16th century.
D.Maya civilisation was at its peak by 700 AD.
4.What is the essential reason of the downfall of Maya cities？（　　）
A.Conflicts.
B.Food shortages.
C.Droughts.
D.Tropical cyclones.
5.What can’t we know from the passage？（　　）
A.Maya civilisation made a difference to our modern society.
B.Both human causes and natural causes led to Maya civilisation disappearing.
C.People still can’t solve the mystery of Maya civilisation.
D.By 700 BC， the Maya civilisation was at its peak.
第三步：品語言妙筆生輝
　Read the second paragraph and find the sentence that shows what is different.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第四步：析難句表達升級
1.The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious.
句式分析 句中that引導　　　　　從句，makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious為“make＋　　　（its achievement）＋　　　　　　 （all the more incredible and mysterious）”結構。
自主翻譯 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.Many scientists believe that these droughts were the main reason why Maya civilisation began to collapse at different rates in different places.
句式分析 句中that引導　　　　從句，作believe的　　　　；該從句中又包含了一個why引導的　　　　從句，why在從句中作　　　　狀語。
自主翻譯 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Part Ⅰ　核心詞匯集釋
correspond to 與……相符；類似于
【教材原句】　Through comparison， he found that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond to the positions of the stars.通過比較，他發現117座已知瑪雅城市的位置和星象的位置是對應的。
【用法】
（1）correspond with 與……通信；與……相一致 （2）correspondence n.　　 來往信件；通信 correspondence with sb 與某人的通信/通信聯系 in correspondence 通信
【佳句】　The reality does not always correspond to/with our expectations.
現實并不總是與我們的期望相符。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①I used to correspond 　　　　　　my friends while now the Internet is more convenient.
②The editor welcomes 　　　　　　　　（correspond） from readers on any subject.
【寫美】　補全句子
③In brief， the American Congress 　　　　　　　　　　the British Parliament.
簡而言之，美國的國會相當于英國的議會。
bury v.將……埋在下面，埋葬；埋藏；遮蓋，掩蓋；掩藏（感情、錯誤等）；使陷入
【教材原句】　Based on this， he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle.據此，他相信自己發現了一座隱藏于叢林深處的未知瑪雅城市的位置。
【用法】
bury one’s face/head in one’s hands　　　　　　　用手捂住臉/頭 埋頭于/專心于……
【佳句】　She decided to bury the secret deep within herself.
她決定把這個秘密埋藏在內心深處。
【聯想】　“專心于”的其他表達方式
be absorbed in， absorb oneself in， be lost in， be devoted to， devote oneself to， concentrate on， focus on
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Yuan Longping buried himself 　　　　　the development of the hybrid rice and made great achievements.
【寫美】　一句多譯
②由于埋頭于功課，他對外面的事情一無所知。
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　，he knew nothing about the outside world.（動詞-ing短語作狀語）
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， he knew nothing about the outside world.（過去分詞短語作狀語）
apply ...to ...把……應用于……；把……涂/敷到……上
【教材原句】　They applied this understanding to the Maya calendar， which was accurate to within 30 seconds per year.他們將這一認識應用到了瑪雅歷中，該歷法精確程度極高，每年誤差不超過30秒。
【用法】
（1）apply to　　　　　適用于 apply （to sb） for （向某人）申請；請示得到 apply oneself to （doing） sth 專心/致力于（做）某事 （2）applicant n.　　　申請人 （3）application n. 申請（書）；應用；用途
【佳句】　After graduation from university， I’ll apply what I have learned to everyday life.大學畢業后，我將把我所學的東西應用到日常生活中。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①We’ve applied 　　　　　　a charitable organization 　　　　　a grant for the project.
②There are too many 　　　　　　（apply）， it might be too competitive to get the job.
③She has received a response from that college to her 　　　　　　（apply）.
【寫美】　補全句子
④If you 　　　　　　　　　　the job in hand，you will soon finish it.
如果你專心于手頭的工作，你很快就會完成的。
on top of 除……之外
【教材原句】　On top of all this was an achievement unique in the Americas at that time： a true writing system.
除此之外，還有一項當時美洲獨有的成就：一個真正的文字系統。
【用法】
on top of the world　　　　　　　極度開心 from top to bottom 完完全全，徹底地 off the top of my head 不假思索 at the top of 在……頂端
【佳句】　On top of everything else， my car’s been stolen.
我所有的東西都被盜，連汽車也給偷走了。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①At the sight of the snake， she screamed 　　　　　　the top of her voice.
②Before the Spring Festival， every family often makes an effort to clean the house 　　　　　　top to bottom.
③After winning the school’s basketball championship， our team was 　　　　　　top of the world.
expand v.使變大；伸展；擴大，擴展；增加
【教材原句】　As their population expanded， yet more land was needed for agriculture and more trees for construction.
隨著人口增長，人們需要更多土地以發展農業，需要更多樹木以修建建筑物。
【用法】
（1）expand into　　　　　　擴展/發展成 expand ...into ... 將……擴展/發展成…… expand on/upon 詳述；詳細闡明 expand the business 擴展業務 expand the vocabulary 增加詞匯量 （2）expansion n. 擴大；增加
【佳句】　At present， the number of students is expanding rapidly.
目前，學生人數正在迅速增加。
The hotel wants to expand its business by adding a swimming pool.
該酒店想添一個游泳池來拓展業務。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①By next year we would like to expand 　　　　　　the American market.
②China’s economy has sustained its 　　　　（expand） in the first two months of the year.
【寫美】　補全句子
③Could you 　　　　　　　　　that point， please？ Your boss is not satisfied with the report.
請你把那一點詳細說明一下好嗎？你的老板對這份報告不滿意。
④The writer is struggling to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
這位作家正盡力把他的故事擴展成一本小說。
ruin n.殘垣斷壁，廢墟；毀滅 vt.毀滅；使破產
【教材原句】　Its once-great cities fell into ruin， leaving various mysteries for later people to solve.曾經恢宏的城市淪為廢墟，留下各種謎團等待后人解開。
【用法】
（1）in ruins　　　　　　破敗不堪；嚴重受損 fall/come into ruin 成為廢墟，被毀掉；衰落，敗落 （2）ruin one’s hope 毀掉某人的希望 ruin one’s chance 毀掉某人的機會 ruin one’s health 毀掉某人的健康 ruin one’s fame 毀掉某人的名譽 （3）be/lie in ruins 成為廢墟，崩潰，垮掉 leave sth in ruins 使……成為廢墟
【佳句】　He was determined to build a new life out of the ruins of his career.
他決心在事業的廢墟上開創新生活。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The whole town 　　　　　　　　（ruin） by the heavy storm last night.
②Today there are still castles all over the country.Some are in 　　　　　　（ruin）.
【寫美】　一句多譯
③雨天持續了幾日，破壞了我們去野餐的計劃。
→The rainy day lasted for a couple of days， 　　　　　　　　　　our plan for a picnic.
→The rainy day lasted for a couple of days， 　　　　　　　　　　our plan for a picnic.
→The rainy day lasted for a couple of days 　　　　　　　　　　our plan for a picnic.
abandon v.離棄，逃離；放棄，拋棄，遺棄；丟棄；終止；打消 n.放任，放縱
【教材原句】　But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities.但最大的謎團是為何瑪雅人拋棄了絕大部分的大城市。
【用法】
（1）abandon doing sth　放棄做某事 abandon oneself to 沉溺于……，縱情于……（to為介詞） （2）with abandon 無約束地，放任地 （3）abandoned adj. 被遺棄的；被拋棄的；廢棄的 be abandoned to 沉湎于……
【佳句】　Last term， he abandoned himself to playing Internet games and didn’t pass the final exam.
＝Last term， he was abandoned to playing Internet games and didn’t pass the final exam.上學期，他沉湎于玩網絡游戲，沒能通過期末考試。
【點津】　abandon作為動詞，表示“放棄”，強調永遠或完全放棄；作為名詞，表示“放任，放縱”，強調行為不受約束，自由自在。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Finally， after a long hike， we ended up in an 　　　　　　（abandon） village.
②In spite of the difficulties， the young man never abandoned 　　　　　　（study） English.
③The kids are playing jokes 　　　　　　abandon.
④At the entrance to the hospital， I was surprised to see a baby girl 　　　　　　（abandon） by her parents.
【寫美】　補全句子
⑤The boy 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　when he was a baby， so he tended to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　despair when meeting trouble in life.
這個男孩還是個嬰兒的時候就被父母遺棄了，所以在生活中遇到困難時他很容易陷入絕望。
dismiss v.拒絕考慮，否定；消除，摒除（思想、感情等）；解雇，開除
【教材原句】　Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars， it shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people.
盡管學者們對他的理論不予考慮，但是這表明古瑪雅文明的奧秘在人們心中是如此舉足輕重。
【用法】
（1）dismiss sb/sth as （n./adj.）　　　　　認為……；把……當作…… dismiss ...from ... 從……中排除/摒除（思想、感情等） dismiss sb from one’s position 免去某人的職務 （2）dismissal n. 解雇，開除；不予考慮，摒棄
【佳句】　Dismissing her fears， she climbed higher.Soon， she climbed to the top of the rock wall.她消除了恐懼，爬得更高了。很快，她爬到了巖石墻的頂端。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①He was threatened with 　　　　　　（dismiss） if he continued to turn up late for work.
②She tried to dismiss him 　　　　　　　　her mind.
③The manager decided to dismiss the employee 　　　　　　his position.
【寫美】　補全句子
④He 　　　　　　the opinion polls 　　　　　　　　in the past.
他過去認為民意測驗毫無用處。
Part Ⅱ　重點句型解構
句型公式：動詞-ing短語作結果狀語
【教材原句】　Its once-great cities fell into ruin， leaving various mysteries for later people to solve.
曾經恢宏的城市淪為廢墟，留下各種謎團等待后人解開。
【用法】
（1）句中動詞-ing短語作結果狀語表示由前面的事情引起的一種自然而然的結果。 （2）動詞不定式也可以作結果狀語，但多表示出乎意料的結果，有時前面加上only，以加強語氣。
【品悟】　His parents both went to work abroad， leaving him living with his grandparents.他父母都去國外工作了，留下他與爺爺奶奶一起生活。
【寫美】　微寫作
梅蘭芳在將京劇推向世界的過程中發揮了關鍵作用，使其獲得了今天的國際地位和認可。（人物介紹）
Mei Lanfang played a key role in bringing Peking Opera to the world， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 that it has today.
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖語篇】
第一步
1.complex structures　2.applied　3.accurate　
4.complicated　5.changing　6.deal with　7.droughts
第二步
1－5　ACCCD
第三步
　What is most extraordinary about these complex structures is how they were built without the use of wheels， metal tools or even animal power.
第四步
1.同位語　賓語　賓語補足語　瑪雅社會的科技水平十分原始，這一事實使得瑪雅的種種成就更加令人難以置信、神秘莫測。
2.賓語　賓語　定語　原因　許多科學家認為，這些旱災是瑪雅文明在不同地方以不同速度衰落的主要原因。
【核心知識·巧突破】
核心詞匯集釋
1.①with　②correspondence　③corresponds to
2.①in　②Burying himself in his lessons； Buried in his lessons
3.①to； for　②applicants　③application　
④apply yourself to
4.①at　②from　③on
5.①into　②expansion　③expand on/upon　④expand his story into a novel
6.①was ruined　②ruins　③ruining； which ruined； so that it ruined
7.①abandoned　②studying　③with　④abandoned　
⑤was abandoned by his parents； abandon himself to
8.①dismissal　②from　③from　④dismissed； as worthless
重點句型解構
　leading to the international status and recognition
10 / 10(共109張PPT)
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
1
篇章助解·釋疑難
目 錄
2
文本透析·剖語篇
4
課時檢測·提能力
3
核心知識·巧突破
篇章助解·釋疑難
力推課前預習
1
The Mysteries of THE MAYA
　　[1]Intrigued① by Maya civilisation② from a very young age， 15-
year-old Canadian William Gadoury thought he had made an incredible
discovery③ from his study of ancient star charts.Through comparison④，
he found that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond to⑤
the positions of the stars.Based on this， he believed he had spotted⑥ an
unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle.[2] Although his theory has
been dismissed⑦ by scholars， it shows how powerful the secrets of
Ancient Maya civilisation are among people.
　　It isn’t difficult to see why.Extending south from parts of what we
now know as Mexico into Central America， Maya civilisation has been
surrounded by mystery since its rediscovery in the 19th century.The Maya
built impressive palaces and temples， including their representative⑧ step
pyramids.What is most extraordinary about these complex structures is
how they were built without the use of wheels， metal tools or even animal
power⑨.The Maya’s understanding of mathematics⑩ and astronomy
was also quite amazing.They applied this understanding to the Maya
calendar，
which was accurate to within 30 seconds per year.[3]On top of all this
was an achievement unique in the Americas at that time： a true writing
system.It contained more than 800 characters ， [4]with some signs
representing animals， people and objects and others representing
syllables .It was a writing system so complicated that， so far， no one
has been able to interpret it completely.
　　[1]Intrigued by ...為過去分詞短語作原因狀語，表示“被……
所吸引”。
　　[2]本句為主從復合句。Although引導讓步狀語從句；how引導賓
語從句。
　　[3]本句是一個完全倒裝句。
　　[4]with的復合結構作狀語。
【讀文清障】
①intrigue v.（因奇特或神秘而）激起……的興趣，引起……的好奇心
②civilisation n.文明（社會）
③an incredible discovery一個驚人的發現
④comparison n.對比，比較
⑤correspond to 與……相符；類似于
⑥spot v.發現
⑦dismiss v.拒絕考慮，否定
⑧representative adj.典型的，有代表性的
⑨power n.力量
⑩mathematics n.數學
astronomy n.天文學
apply v.應用
apply ...to ...把……應用于……
accurate adj.精確的
character n.字母；符號
represent v.代表
syllable n.音節
interpret v.詮釋；說明
　　[5]The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive makes
its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious.[6]But the
greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their
great cities. By 700 AD， Maya civilisation was at its peak .Yet，
within just a couple of generations ， it began to mysteriously decline
.The cities were left to be taken back by the jungle.When Europeans
arrived in Central America in the early 16th century to claim its riches ，
the remaining Maya people were living in small settlements .
　　[5]本句中that引導同位語從句；另外，本句還包含一個“make
＋賓語＋賓語補足語”結構，its achievements為賓語，all the more
incredible and mysterious為賓語補足語。
　　[6]本句中what引導表語從句。
primitive adj.原始的
at its peak在它的巔峰時期
a couple of generations幾代
decline v.衰落，衰弱，衰敗
riches n.[pl.]財富；財產
claim its riches索取它的財富
settlement n.定居點
　　[7]Why Maya civilisation collapsed remains a mystery.Was it a
natural disaster？ A deadly disease？ Conflicts between cities？ Or was
it a combination of several different factors？ Some research seems to
indicate that the Maya people themselves may have played a part in their
downfall .They had turned wetlands into fields for growing grains， and
had dug huge canal systems.As their population expanded， yet more land
was needed for agriculture and more trees for construction.[8]By
changing the landscape in this way， it is possible that the Maya people
unknowingly reduced their ability to deal with natural disasters.
　　Research also suggests that those natural disasters may have led to the
decline of the Maya.Some recent studies have found that there were far
fewer tropical cyclones than usual between 700 AD and 1000 AD. This is
likely to have led to a series of droughts， each lasting for a couple of
years， including a “megadrought” around 900 AD. [9]Many scientists
believe that these droughts were the main reason why Maya civilisation
began to collapse at different rates in different places.These droughts
would have led to food shortages， conflicts and， ultimately， the
downfall of the cities.
　　[10]Whatever the reasons， Maya civilisation largely disappeared
within the deep jungle.Its once-great cities fell into ruin， [11]leaving
various mysteries for later people to solve.Meanwhile， the rise and fall
of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past，
present and future.
　　[7]Why引導主語從句。
　　[8]本句含有主語從句，it作形式主語，真正的主語為that從句。
　　[9]本句中that引導賓語從句；why引導定語從句，修飾先行詞
reason。
　　[10]Whatever引導讓步狀語從句，省略了be動詞were。
　　[11]動詞-ing短語作結果狀語。
collapse v.崩潰，瓦解；倒塌，坍塌
deadly adj.致命的
a combination of……的結合
indicate v.暗示；表明
downfall n.衰敗
unknowingly adv.未意識到地，不知不覺地
tropical cyclone熱帶氣旋
the rise and fall 興衰
【參考譯文】
瑪雅之迷
　　十五歲的加拿大少年威廉·甘德瑞自幼便對瑪雅文明著迷，他
認為自己通過研究古老星象圖有了驚人發現。通過比較，他發現
117座已知瑪雅城市的位置和星象的位置是對應的。據此，他相信
自己發現了一座隱藏于叢林深處的未知瑪雅城市的位置。盡管學
者們對他的理論不予考慮，但是這表明古瑪雅文明的奧秘在人們
心中是如此舉足輕重。
　　這背后的原因不難發現。瑪雅文明的范圍從現今墨西哥的部分區
域向南延伸至中美洲。自從19世紀瑪雅文明再現，層層迷霧便一直圍
繞著它。瑪雅人建造了恢宏的宮殿和廟宇，其中包括代表性建筑階梯
金字塔。這些復雜建筑最不同尋常之處在于，在沒有使用機輪、金屬
工具甚至畜力的情況下，瑪雅人是如何建造它們的。瑪雅人對數學和
天文學的認識也十分令人驚嘆。他們將這一認識應用到了瑪雅歷中，
該歷法精確程度極高，每年誤差不超過30秒。除此之外，還有一項當
時美洲獨有的成就：一個真正的文字系統。這種文字系統包含800多
個字符，有些符號代表動物、人和物，其他代表音節。這種文字系統
很復雜，以至于到目前為止沒有人可以將其完全解讀。
　　瑪雅社會的科技水平十分原始，這一事實使得瑪雅的種種成就更
加令人難以置信、神秘莫測。但最大的謎團是為何瑪雅人拋棄了絕大
部分的大城市。到公元700年時，瑪雅文明如日中天。然而，僅僅在
幾代之內，瑪雅文明開始神秘地衰落。城市荒廢，任憑叢林蠶食取
代。16世紀早期，歐洲人來到中美洲攫取財富時，只剩下一些瑪雅人
居住在小型聚居區里。
　　瑪雅文明衰落的原因一直是一個謎團。究竟是因為自然災害、致
死疾病、城市間的沖突、抑或是幾個不同因素疊加所致？某些研究似
乎暗示，瑪雅人自己也許就是導致衰落的掘墓人。他們將濕地變成了
種植莊稼的田地，還開鑿了巨大的運河系統。隨著人口增長，人們需
要更多土地以發展農業，需要更多樹木以修建建筑物。通過這樣改變
地貌，瑪雅人可能在不知不覺中減弱了自己應對自然災害的能力。
　　研究也表明，那些自然災害可能導致了瑪雅文明的衰落。最近一
些研究發現，公元700年到公元1000年之間，熱帶氣旋的數量遠遠少
于往常。這可能導致了一系列旱災，每一次旱災都持續若干年，其中
就包括公元900年的一場“百年不遇的旱災”。許多科學家認為，這
些旱災是瑪雅文明在不同地方以不同速度衰落的主要原因。這些旱災
會導致食物短缺、沖突發生，最終導致城市的衰敗。
　　無論原因如何，瑪雅文明幾乎消失在了叢林深處。曾經恢宏的城
市淪為廢墟，留下各種謎團等待后人解開。同時，瑪雅文明的崛起與
衰落必定也讓我們思考自己的過去、現在與將來。
文本透析·剖語篇
助力語篇理解
2
第一步：析架構理清脈絡
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks.
第二步：知細節明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1. What is the author’s purpose in starting the passage with the story
about William Gadoury？（　　）
A. To introduce Maya civilisation.
B. To amuse the readers.
C. To emphasize the importance of Maya civilisation.
D. To inform us of the location of the Maya city.
2. Which of the following is WRONG about Maya civilisation？（　　）
A. The Maya had a knowledge of mathematics and astronomy.
B. Step pyramids were built without using metal tools.
C. Its writing system is so complicated that fewer can interpret it.
D. The Maya built impressive palaces and temples.
3. What can we infer from Paragraph 3？（　　）
A. The Maya made their achievements with the modern technology.
B. Europeans defeated Maya people and the civilisation declined.
C. The Maya cities had disappeared before the early 16th century.
D. Maya civilisation was at its peak by 700 AD.
4. What is the essential reason of the downfall of Maya cities？（　　）
A. Conflicts. B. Food shortages.
C. Droughts. D. Tropical cyclones.
5. What can’t we know from the passage？（　　）
A. Maya civilisation made a difference to our modern society.
B. Both human causes and natural causes led to Maya civilisation
disappearing.
C. People still can’t solve the mystery of Maya civilisation.
D. By 700 BC， the Maya civilisation was at its peak.
第三步：品語言妙筆生輝
　Read the second paragraph and find the sentence that shows what is
different.


What is most extraordinary about these complex structures is how they
were built without the use of wheels， metal tools or even animal power.
第四步：析難句表達升級
1. The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive makes its
achievements all the more incredible and mysterious.
句式分析 句中that引導 從句，makes its achievements all
the more incredible and mysterious為“make＋ （its
achievement）＋ （all the more incredible and
mysterious）”結構。
自主翻譯

同位語　
賓語　
賓語補足語　
瑪雅社會的科技水平十分原始，這一事實使得瑪雅的
種種成就更加令人難以置信、神秘莫測。　
2. Many scientists believe that these droughts were the main reason why
Maya civilisation began to collapse at different rates in different places.
句式分析 句中that引導 從句，作believe的 ；該從
句中又包含了一個why引導的 從句，why在從句中作
狀語。
自主翻譯

賓語　
賓語　
定語　
原
因　
許多科學家認為，這些旱災是瑪雅文明在不同地方以
不同速度衰落的主要原因。　
核心知識·巧突破
探究課堂重點
3
Part Ⅰ　核心詞匯集釋
correspond to 與……相符；類似于
【教材原句】　Through comparison， he found that the locations of the
117 known Maya cities correspond to the positions of the stars.
通過比較，他發現117座已知瑪雅城市的位置和星象的位置是對應
的。
【用法】
（1）correspond with　　與……通信；與……相一致
（2）correspondence n.　　來往信件；通信
correspondence with sb　　與某人的通信/通信聯系
in correspondence　　通信
【佳句】　The reality does not always correspond to/with our
expectations.
現實并不總是與我們的期望相符。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①I used to correspond my friends while now the Internet is more
convenient.
②The editor welcomes （correspond） from readers
on any subject.
with　
correspondence　
【寫美】　補全句子
③In brief， the American Congress the British
Parliament.
簡而言之，美國的國會相當于英國的議會。
corresponds to　
bury v.將……埋在下面，埋葬；埋藏；遮蓋，掩蓋；掩藏（感情、
錯誤等）；使陷入
【教材原句】　Based on this， he believed he had spotted an unknown
Maya city buried deep in the jungle.
據此，他相信自己發現了一座隱藏于叢林深處的未知瑪雅城市的
位置。
【用法】
【佳句】　She decided to bury the secret deep within herself.她決定把
這個秘密埋藏在內心深處。
【聯想】　“專心于”的其他表達方式
be absorbed in， absorb oneself in， be lost in， be devoted to， devote
oneself to， concentrate on， focus on
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Yuan Longping buried himself the development of the hybrid rice
and made great achievements.
in　
【寫美】　一句多譯
②由于埋頭于功課，他對外面的事情一無所知。
→ ，he knew nothing about the outside
world.（動詞-ing短語作狀語）
→ ， he knew nothing about the outside world.
（過去分詞短語作狀語）
Burying himself in his lessons　
Buried in his lessons　
apply ...to ...把……應用于……；把……涂/敷到……上
【教材原句】　They applied this understanding to the Maya calendar，
which was accurate to within 30 seconds per year.
他們將這一認識應用到了瑪雅歷中，該歷法精確程度極高，每年誤差
不超過30秒。
【用法】
（1）apply to　　適用于
apply （to sb） for　　（向某人）申請；請示得到
apply oneself to （doing） sth　　專心/致力于（做）某事
（2）applicant n.　　申請人
（3）application n.　　申請（書）；應用；用途
【佳句】　After graduation from university， I’ll apply what I have
learned to everyday life.
大學畢業后，我將把我所學的東西應用到日常生活中。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①We’ve applied a charitable organization a grant for the
project.
②There are too many （apply）， it might be too
competitive to get the job.
③She has received a response from that college to her
（apply）.
to　
for　
applicants　
application　
【寫美】　補全句子
④If you the job in hand，you will soon finish it.
如果你專心于手頭的工作，你很快就會完成的。
apply yourself to　
on top of 除……之外
【教材原句】　On top of all this was an achievement unique in the
Americas at that time： a true writing system.除此之外，還有一項當時
美洲獨有的成就：一個真正的文字系統。
【用法】
on top of the world　　極度開心
from top to bottom　　完完全全，徹底地
off the top of my head　　不假思索
at the top of　　在……頂端
【佳句】　On top of everything else， my car’s been stolen.我所有的
東西都被盜，連汽車也給偷走了。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①At the sight of the snake， she screamed the top of her voice.
②Before the Spring Festival， every family often makes an effort to clean
the house top to bottom.
③After winning the school’s basketball championship， our team
was top of the world.
at　
from　
on　
expand v.使變大；伸展；擴大，擴展；增加
【教材原句】　As their population expanded， yet more land was
needed for agriculture and more trees for construction.隨著人口增長，人
們需要更多土地以發展農業，需要更多樹木以修建建筑物。
【用法】
（1）expand into　　擴展/發展成
expand ...into ...　　將……擴展/發展成……
expand on/upon　　詳述；詳細闡明
expand the business　　擴展業務
expand the vocabulary　　增加詞匯量
（2）expansion n.　　擴大；增加
【佳句】　At present， the number of students is expanding rapidly.
目前，學生人數正在迅速增加。
The hotel wants to expand its business by adding a swimming pool.該酒
店想添一個游泳池來拓展業務。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①By next year we would like to expand the American market.
②China’s economy has sustained its （expand） in the
first two months of the year.
into　
expansion　
【寫美】　補全句子
③Could you that point， please？ Your boss is not
satisfied with the report.
請你把那一點詳細說明一下好嗎？你的老板對這份報告不滿意。
④The writer is struggling to .這位作家
正盡力把他的故事擴展成一本小說。
expand on/upon　
expand his story into a novel　
ruin n.殘垣斷壁，廢墟；毀滅 vt.毀滅；使破產
【教材原句】　Its once-great cities fell into ruin， leaving various
mysteries for later people to solve.
曾經恢宏的城市淪為廢墟，留下各種謎團等待后人解開。
【用法】
（1）in ruins　　破敗不堪；嚴重受損
fall/come into ruin　　成為廢墟，被毀掉；衰落，敗落
（2）ruin one’s hope　　毀掉某人的希望
ruin one’s chance　　毀掉某人的機會
ruin one’s health　　毀掉某人的健康
ruin one’s fame　　毀掉某人的名譽
（3）be/lie in ruins　　成為廢墟，崩潰，垮掉
leave sth in ruins　　使……成為廢墟
【佳句】　He was determined to build a new life out of the ruins of his
career.
他決心在事業的廢墟上開創新生活。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The whole town （ruin） by the heavy storm last night.
②Today there are still castles all over the country.Some are in
（ruin）.
was ruined　
ruins　
【寫美】　一句多譯
③雨天持續了幾日，破壞了我們去野餐的計劃。
→The rainy day lasted for a couple of days， our plan for a
picnic.
→The rainy day lasted for a couple of days， our plan
for a picnic.
→The rainy day lasted for a couple of days our plan
for a picnic.
ruining　
which ruined　
so that it ruined　
abandon v.離棄，逃離；放棄，拋棄，遺棄；丟棄；終止；打消 n.
放任，放縱
【教材原句】　But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to
abandon most of their great cities.
但最大的謎團是為何瑪雅人拋棄了絕大部分的大城市。
【用法】
（1）abandon doing sth　放棄做某事
abandon oneself to　　沉溺于……，縱情于……（to為介詞）
（2）with abandon　　無約束地，放任地
（3）abandoned adj. 被遺棄的；被拋棄的；廢棄的
be abandoned to　　沉湎于……
【佳句】　Last term， he abandoned himself to playing Internet games
and didn’t pass the final exam.
＝Last term， he was abandoned to playing Internet games and didn’t
pass the final exam.
上學期，他沉湎于玩網絡游戲，沒能通過期末考試。
【點津】　abandon作為動詞，表示“放棄”，強調永遠或完全放棄；
作為名詞，表示“放任，放縱”，強調行為不受約束，自由自在。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Finally， after a long hike， we ended up in an
（abandon） village.
abandoned　
②In spite of the difficulties， the young man never
abandoned （study） English.
③The kids are playing jokes abandon.
④At the entrance to the hospital， I was surprised to see a baby
girl （abandon） by her parents.
studying　
with　
abandoned　
【寫美】　補全句子
⑤The boy when he was a baby， so he
tended to despair when meeting trouble in life.
這個男孩還是個嬰兒的時候就被父母遺棄了，所以在生活中遇到困難
時他很容易陷入絕望。
was abandoned by his parents　
abandon himself to　
dismiss v.拒絕考慮，否定；消除，摒除（思想、感情等）；解雇，
開除
【教材原句】　Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars， it
shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among
people.
盡管學者們對他的理論不予考慮，但是這表明古瑪雅文明的奧秘在人
們心中是如此舉足輕重。
【用法】
（1）dismiss sb/sth as （n./adj.）　　認為……；把……當作……
dismiss ...from ...　　從……中排除/摒除（思想、感情等）
dismiss sb from one’s position　　免去某人的職務
（2）dismissal n.　　解雇，開除；不予考慮，摒棄
【佳句】　Dismissing her fears， she climbed higher.Soon， she
climbed to the top of the rock wall.她消除了恐懼，爬得更高了。很快，
她爬到了巖石墻的頂端。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①He was threatened with （dismiss） if he continued to
turn up late for work.
②She tried to dismiss him her mind.
③The manager decided to dismiss the employee his position.
dismissal　
from　
from　
【寫美】　補全句子
④He the opinion polls in the past.
他過去認為民意測驗毫無用處。
dismissed　
as worthless　
Part Ⅱ　重點句型解構
句型公式：動詞-ing短語作結果狀語
【教材原句】　Its once-great cities fell into ruin， leaving various
mysteries for later people to solve.
曾經恢宏的城市淪為廢墟，留下各種謎團等待后人解開。
【用法】
（1）句中動詞-ing短語作結果狀語表示由前面的事情引起的一種自
然而然的結果。
（2）動詞不定式也可以作結果狀語，但多表示出乎意料的結果，有
時前面加上only，以加強語氣。
【品悟】　His parents both went to work abroad， leaving him living
with his grandparents.他父母都去國外工作了，留下他與爺爺奶奶一
起生活。
【寫美】　微寫作
梅蘭芳在將京劇推向世界的過程中發揮了關鍵作用，使其獲得了今天
的國際地位和認可。（人物介紹）
Mei Lanfang played a key role in bringing Peking Opera to the
world， that it has
today.
leading to the international status and recognition　
課時檢測·提能力
培育學科素養
4
維度一：品句填詞
1. The lost car was found （遺棄） in the woods off the
highway.
2. The case was （拒絕） in the absence of any definite
proof.
3. He described the landing as a big step for human （文
明）.
abandoned　
dismissed　
civilisation　
4. So b was she in doing work that she didn’t notice it got dark
outside.
5. A is the scientific study of the stars， planets， and other
natural objects in space.
uried　
stronomy　
維度二：詞形轉換
1. The universe is very （mystery），and it is full of
temptation.
2. The book is an （expand） of a series of lectures given
last year.
3. We saw （abandon） farms which were built more than
a hundred years ago.
4. I found him （bury） in reading the novel when I came in
the room， making no response to my questions.
5. （apply） are selected for jobs based on the results of a
competitive examination.
mysterious　
expansion　
abandoned　
buried　
Applicants　
維度三：固定搭配和句式
1. Its once-great cities （成為廢墟）， leaving various
mysteries.
2. Their conclusions do not （與……相符） the
original.
3. Because of their courage， daring and idealism， we will miss
them （更加）.
4. As we know， the British Empire was （在鼎盛時期）
in the mid 19th century.
fell into ruin　
correspond to/with　
all the more　
at its peak　
5. The concert was terrible， and （除……之外） all
that， the tickets were really expensive.
6. We’ll set off tomorrow， （無論天
氣如何）.
7. The fact （近來誰也沒有見過
他） disturbs everyone in his office.
8. The temperature keeps rising and no rain falls，
（引發了幾場野火）.
on top of　
whatever the weather （is）　
that he has not been seen recently　
bringing about
several cases of wildfire　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　The recently opened time capsule at the US Military Academy West
Point has sparked excitement and curiosity.Although the initial
disappointment was palpable when the box seemed to contain only dirt，
the discovery of hidden treasures has reawakened interest in the historical
significance of the artifacts.
　　The time capsule， believed to have been placed by West Point
military students， was found inside the base of a memorial dedicated to
Thaddeus Kosciuszko， a Revolutionary War hero.The contents of the
capsule， revealed during a ceremonial opening at the military school，
included six silver American coins dating from 1795 and 1828， as well as
a medal commemorating （紀念） the Erie Canal from 1826.
　　While the live opening event did not provide the expected glimpse
into historical military objects or documents， it has deepened the mystery
surrounding the purpose of the time capsule.The discovery of these
valuable coins and medal supports the theory that the box was buried by the
military students sometime between 1828 and 1829.Additional research
will be conducted to explore other potential surprises within the capsule.
　　The preservation and investigation of the time capsule hold immense
historical value， casting light on the past and connecting the present
generation with the stories and legacy of those who came
before.Archeologist Paul Hudson， despite the initial letdown， remains
optimistic about the ongoing research possibilities and the potential insights
awaiting discovery.
　　As experts explore further into the remains of the time capsule， they
aim to uncover any remaining artifacts and gain a better understanding of
the time period and the motivations behind burying this historical
treasure.The challenge lies in preserving and studying the fragile
materials， considering the potential damage caused by moisture and the
passage of nearly two centuries.
　　The exploration of this time capsule serves as a reminder of our shared
history and the importance of preserving and celebrating the contributions
and sacrifices made by those who paved the way for future
generations.The story of the West Point time capsule continues to capture
the imagination of historians， researchers， and the public， as they
eagerly await further discoveries and insights from this extraordinary find.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。美國西點軍校打開了一個擁有將
近兩百年歷史的時間膠囊，其中包含了一些珍貴的硬幣和獎章。這
一發現引發了人們對歷史的好奇和探索。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。美國西點軍校打開了一個擁有將
近兩百年歷史的時間膠囊，其中包含了一些珍貴的硬幣和獎章。這
一發現引發了人們對歷史的好奇和探索。
1. What does the underlined word “palpable” in Paragraph 1 mean？
（　　）
A. Apparent. B. Unreasonable.
C. Lasting. D. Impossible.
解析：　詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞所在句可知，人們對于發現這
個時間膠囊的情感與態度，一開始當盒子里似乎只有泥土時，人們
的失望應該是很“明顯的”。由此推測，畫線詞意為“明顯的”，
與apparent意思相近。
2. What does the discovery of the coins and medal confirm about the time
capsule？（　　）
A. It was placed to commemorate the Erie Canal.
B. It was buried during the Revolutionary War.
C. It was treated well as a gift from a foreign country.
D. It was likely buried by military students in the 1800s.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第三段第二句可知，硬幣和獎章的發
現證實了時間膠囊很可能是在19世紀被軍校學生埋下的。
3. What is Paul Hudson planning to do next with the remains of the time
capsule？（　　）
A. Donate them to a museum.
B. Sell them to collectors.
C. Bury them again for future generations.
D. Continue studying them for further insights.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第四段最后一句可推知，Paul Hudson
對該研究進一步的發現持樂觀的態度；再結合第五段第一句可推
知，他計劃繼續研究時間膠囊的殘骸以獲得更深入的見解。
4. Why is preserving and studying the materials from the time capsule
challenging？（　　）
A. They are difficult to analyze due to their small size.
B. They may have been seriously damaged over the two centuries.
C. They had been heavily damaged before the capsule was buried.
D. The time capsule had been placed in a remote and inaccessible
location.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第五段最后一句可知，保存和研究時
間膠囊中的材料是一項挑戰，因為它們可能在兩個世紀中遭到嚴重
損害。
B
　　While conducting a survey by airplane of northern Guatemala，
researchers detected an ancient Maya site.“We can now see the entire
landscape of the Maya region in this section of Guatemala”， said Carlos
Morales-Aguilar， one of the researchers from the Department of
Geography and the Environment at the University of Texas.
　　The findings were the result of the survey using lidar （雷達）， or
light detection and ranging， which has been revolutionary for studying
historic sites.In lidar， lasers are sent out and the reflected light is used to
create imagery of a landscape.The technology is particularly beneficial in
areas with limited visibility such as the rainforest in Maya site， as lasers
can enter the heavy tree canopy， the thick cover formed by the leafy
upper branches in a forest.
　　“The lidar data showed for the first time an area that was integrated
politically and economically， and never seen before in other places in the
Western Hemisphere （西半球），” Carlos wrote in the study.Using
data from the scans， the team identified more than 1，000 settlements
dotting the region.They were interconnected by 100 miles of causeways
that the Maya likely traveled on foot.They also detected the remains of
several large platforms and pyramids， along with canals and reservoirs
used for water collection.
　　So what made this region so attractive that the Maya would want to
settle there in the first place？
　　“For the Maya， the Mirador-Calakmul Karst Basin was the
‘Goldilocks Zone’，” Ross Ensley wrote， partner of Carlos， a
geologist from the Institute for Geological Study of the Maya Lowlands in
Houston， Texas.“The Maya settled in this region because it had the
right mix of uplands for settlement and lowlands for agriculture.”
Uplands lie above the level where flooding occurs.They provided a source
for limestone， their primary building material， and dry land to live
on.The lowlands are mostly seasonal swamps （沼澤）， which provided
space for wetland agriculture as well as organic-rich soil for use in terraced
agriculture.
　　Researchers hope lidar technology will help them explore sections of
Guatemala that have remained a mystery for centuries.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。研究人員利用激光雷達發現了一處
瑪雅人遺址。文章介紹了激光雷達的優勢以及觀察瑪雅地區的發
現。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。研究人員利用激光雷達發現了一處
瑪雅人遺址。文章介紹了激光雷達的優勢以及觀察瑪雅地區的發
現。
5. Why did the researchers use lidar in the survey？（　　）
A. It detects a wide range of lasers.
B. It pictures quick and clear imagery.
C. It passes lights through forests easily.
D. It improves the visibility of rainforests.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第二段最后一句可知，研究人員在調
查中使用激光雷達是因為它能輕易地將光線穿過森林。
6. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about？（　　）
A. Why Maya drew great attention.
B. How Maya people made a living.
C. The research process after surveying the Maya.
D. The findings through observing the Maya region.
解析：　段落大意題。通讀第三段可知，第三段介紹了在這個地
區的發現，即通過觀察瑪雅地區而有的發現。
7. What can we infer about the Maya people according to Ross Ensley？
（　　）
A. They transformed the land to survive.
B. They were good at upland agriculture.
C. They preferred to build houses using limestone.
D. They made a sound choice about where to settle.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段中引述的Ross Ensley的話
可推知，瑪雅人對在哪里定居做出了明智的選擇。
8. Which is the best title for the text？（　　）
A. The Perfect Habitat for the Maya People
B. The Secrets of the Ancient Maya Civilization
C. Revolutionary Use of Lidar Reveals Maya Settlements
D. Lidar Technology Unlocks New Discoveries of Rainforests
解析：　標題歸納題。根據文章首句，第二段首句并結合下文可
知，文章主要說明了研究人員開創性地利用激光雷達技術探測出了
一處瑪雅人遺址，同時介紹了激光雷達的優勢以及觀察瑪雅地區的
發現。
C
　　Built during the Hellenistic period （希臘化時代）， sometime
between 324 BC and 246 BC， the Great Library of Alexandria is said to
be an architectural wonder of ancient Egypt.More importantly， the
library housed a vast collection of works from all across the ancient world
and was a major center of scholarship.The library was charged with an
important task of collecting all of the world’s books， and employed
many methods to acquire new works.A well-funded acquisitions
department searched the book fairs of Rhodes and Athens， buying
individual texts or even whole libraries.Ships that landed at the harbor of
Alexandria were searched for books to add to the library’s collection.The
library also employed a number of scholars who produced original works
on subjects such as astronomy， mathematics， and physics.
　　In addition， the workers and scholars of the Great Library translated
texts from around the world into Greek.Some of the first translations of
Biblical texts into Greek may have taken place at the library in the time of
Ptolemy Ⅰ.Much work was done to edit authoritative versions （權威版）
of the Homeric myths （荷馬時代的神話） for which the Greeks are so
well known today， and these were only a few of the great works of
translation and editing that took place in Alexandria in the Hellenistic
period.
　　It is ironic （諷刺的） that the fate of the Great Library — an
institution devoted to the collection and preservation of knowledge — is
covered in myth and mystery.Many sources say the library burned down，
but the date is uncertain.It may have burned down more than once， either
by accident or design.Smaller sister institutions may have survived the
original library， only to be destroyed later.The Great Library， or some
version of it， could have survived for anywhere between 300 and 1，000
years.However it ended， there can be little doubt that the scholarship of
the Great Library had a great and lasting effect on history， and the works
that were kept， translated， or created there have had a great influence on
our culture even to the present day.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了亞歷山大圖書館，講述
了它曾經如何收集圖書，以及沒人知道它是如何消失的，并講述了
它的歷史影響。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了亞歷山大圖書館，講述
了它曾經如何收集圖書，以及沒人知道它是如何消失的，并講述了
它的歷史影響。
9. What can be inferred from the text about the Great Library？（　　）
A. It was mainly financed by Ptolemy Ⅰ.
B. Some works of it survived to the present day.
C. Most Greek myths were originally created at it.
D. It aimed to become the world’s knowledge center.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第一段第二、三句可推知，大圖書館
的目標是變成世界上的知識中心。
10. How does the author explain the translation and editing work of the
Great Library？（　　）
A. By giving examples.
B. By following space order.
C. By describing the difference.
D. By analyzing cause and effect.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第二段第二、三句可知，大圖書館
的編輯和翻譯工作是通過舉例的方式進行說明的。
11. What does the author think of the Great Library？（　　）
A. It was too mysterious to be true.
B. It was influential and valuable.
C. It inspired modern libraries.
D. It wasted too much money.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據最后一段最后一句可知，作者認為
大圖書館是很有價值且影響深遠的。
12. What is the text mainly about？（　　）
A. The Great Library’s brief history.
B. The Great Library’s disappearance.
C. The effect of two ancient civilizations.
D. The role of libraries throughout history.
解析：　主旨大意題。文章第一段講述大圖書館建立之初的圖
書收集工作，第二段講述大圖書館的編輯和翻譯工作，第三段講
述了對大圖書館滅亡的推測以及大圖書館的重要性和歷史影響。
由此可知，本文主要對大圖書館的歷史作了簡單介紹。
Ⅱ.語法填空
　　The construction work finally began on a new branch of the Palace
Museum， 13. 　　　　　　 the Forbidden City after almost a decade of
preparation work.Located in Xiyuhe， 14. 　　　　　　 village in
Haidian district， about 30 kilometers from the Forbidden City， the
northern branch will include an exhibition space 15. 　　　　　　
（cover） over 60，000 square meters for cultural relics.More than 35，
000 square meters will also be provided for relic restoration work.The
construction work is expected to cost 2.1 billion yuan.
　　　　　　
　　The Forbidden City was China’s royal palace during the Ming and
Qing 16. 　　　　　　 （dynasty）.The year after China’s last
emperor， Puyi， 17. 　　　　　　 （leave） the royal residence in
1924， it became a public museum.
　　Over 1.86 million cultural relics are now housed in the museum，
which accounts for 40 per cent of the country’s 18. 　　　　　　
（high） Level-1 cultural relics.However， lack 19. 　　　　　　
exhibition spaces and outdated offices have 20. 　　　　　　 （great）
bothered administrators of the museum for long.It is estimated that only
10，000 cultural relics can 21. 　　　　　　 （move） out of the
museum’s warehouses for public viewing each year.This makes a new
branch very necessary.
　　　　　　
　　　　　　
　　　　　　
　　The proposal to build a northern branch of the museum was first made
in 2013.A blueprint， 22. 　　　　　　 included elements of red walls
and golden roofs of the Forbidden City into the modern structure， won
the bid for the project.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇報道。籌備近十年之久的故宮博物院北院區
正式破土動工，以更好地向大眾展覽故宮博物院的文物。
13. or　考查連詞。故宮博物院又稱紫禁城，所填詞用于引出解釋性
詞語，表示“或者說”，故填or。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇報道。籌備近十年之久的故宮博物院北院區
正式破土動工，以更好地向大眾展覽故宮博物院的文物。
14. a　考查冠詞。根據語境可知，此處泛指海淀區的一個村莊，應用
不定冠詞，且village的發音以輔音音素開頭，故填a。
15. covering　考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，此處應用非謂語
動詞。動詞cover與其邏輯主語an exhibition space之間為主動關系，故
填covering。
16. dynasties　考查名詞的單復數。根據空前的the Ming and Qing可
知，此處指兩個朝代，故填dynasties。
17. left　考查動詞的時態。分析句子結構可知，空處所在分句缺少謂
語動詞。根據下文的in 1924可知，此處描述的是過去發生的事，應用
一般過去時，故填left。
18. highest　考查形容詞的最高級。根據語境可知，此處指現在故宮
博物院里收藏了186萬多件文物，占國家最高一級文物的40%，應用形
容詞的最高級，故填highest。
19. of　考查介詞。lack of意為“缺乏”，為固定搭配，故填of。
20. greatly　考查詞形轉換。分析句子結構可知，所填詞修飾謂語動
詞bothered，應用副詞，故填greatly。
21. be moved　考查動詞的語態。空處所在分句缺少謂語動詞，主語
only 10，000 cultural relics和所填詞之間為被動關系，空前有can，故
填be moved。
22. which　考查定語從句。分析句子結構可知，所填詞引導非限制性
定語從句且在從句中作主語，先行詞A blueprint指物，故填which。
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