資源簡介

Section Ⅱ　Using language
維度一：基礎(chǔ)題型練
用方框內(nèi)短語的適當(dāng)形式填空。
check out， steer clear of， set out， throw oneself into， think twice， shrink from， look into， test the waters
1.Sometimes people get curious and want to 　　　　　　　　.
2.He 　　　　　　to do the experiment in the lab.
3.Several months ago， the police in Beijing 　　　　　　　several crime cases where personal information had been illegally sold.
4.What might make you 　　　　　　　　about being so wasteful？
5.While there is no need for us to 　　　　　　　new situations， we should always think twice before rushing into things.
6.There are many good websites where you can 　　　　　　　the latest in the science world.
7.With a strong desire for English study， we 　　　　　　　　　 　reading English novels.
8.When you talk with an unfamiliar woman， you’d better 　　　　　　　　age.
維度二：語法與寫作
補(bǔ)全句子
1.Our country is developing at an amazing speed， which is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我們的國家正在以驚人的速度發(fā)展，這是讓我感到非常自豪的事情。
2.The question is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　to Beijing tomorrow.
問題是明天誰和我一起去北京。
3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 depends on effort rather than luck.
一個人能否實現(xiàn)目標(biāo)取決于努力而不是運氣。
4.I didn’t come on time yesterday.That’s 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我昨天沒有按時到。那是因為下了很大的雨。
5.　　　　　　　　　　　　 the environment is being polluted by human beings.
毫無疑問，環(huán)境正在被人類污染。
維度三：語法與語篇
根據(jù)語境，用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空。
　　There was an accident on the corner of the Roman Street this morning.No witness saw 1.　　　　　　 on earth happened then.A car crashed into a truck but luckily no one got injured.2.　　　　　　 will be responsible for the accident is still under investigation.The police are uncertain about 3.　　　　　　 led to the accident.The truck driver looked as if he was guilty.He was too nervous to say a word.4.　　　　　　 the police would do is figure out the truth as soon as possible.They said 5.　　　　　　 it was difficult for them to judge 6.　　　　　　 exactly should be to blame.7.　　　　　　 this happened was still not clear.It was certain 8.　　　　　　 the car driver was too tired to stop the car immediately.The car driver didn’t admit the fact 9.　　　　　　 he was driving over the speed limit at the turning.The police doubted 10.　　　　　　 what he said was true and decided to make a further investigation.
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　Palestinian farmer Salman al-Nabahin was working in his garden in Gaza when he noticed that some of the new trees he’d planted on his land did not root properly.Curious about what might be causing the issue， al-Nabahin asked his son to help him start digging.
　　His son’s ax struck something hard.When the two men began to clear away the dirt， they discovered an item they did not recognize.A little Internet searching provided the answer to their mystery： They’d come across a Byzantine-era floor mosaic （拜占庭時期馬賽克地畫） featuring birds and other animals.
　　This happened six months ago.Now， archaeologists are hard at work studying the flooring to learn more about its secrets and civilization values.
　　The mosaic features 17 images of birds and other animals presented in bright colors.Archaeologists believe artists created the flooring sometime between the fifth and seventh centuries， though they don’t know whether the mosaic had religious origins.In total， the land covering the entire mosaic is about 500 square meters， and the mosaic itself measures about 23 square meters.Some parts of the mosaic appear to be damaged， likely from the roots of an old tree.
　　“These are the most beautiful mosaic floors discovered in Gaza， both in terms of the quality of the vivid representation and the complexity of the pattern，” says René Elter， an archaeologist in Jerusalem.“Never have mosaic floors of this precision in the patterns and richness of the colors been discovered in the Gaza Strip.”
　　The Gaza Strip， which is located between Israel and Egypt and was a busy trade route throughout history， is home to many ancient civilizations. The farmer and his son discovered the mosaic about a kilometer from the border with Israel. Archaeologists and other experts are concerned about the mosaic’s future because of the ongoing conflict there and a lack of funding for historical protection.
1.What led Salman al-Nabahin to the unexpected discovery？（　　）
A.His son’s constant digging work.
B.His decision to remove some new trees.
C.The improper growth of some new trees.
D.The appearance of some birds and other animals.
2.What can we learn about the mosaic？（　　）
A.Its origin has something to do with religion.
B.The time of its creation can be figured out.
C.It has been seriously damaged by digging work.
D.It reflects relationships between humans and animals.
3.What do René Elter’s words in the last but one paragraph show？（　　）
A.The history of the mosaic floors.
B.The great value of the mosaic floors.
C.The secrets hidden in the mosaic floors.
D.The difficulty in creating the mosaic floors.
4.What is some experts’ concern about the mosaic？（　　）
A.It may not be well protected.
B.It may be too large to carry.
C.It may cause regional conflicts.
D.It may lose its historical meaning.
B
　　Elephants are truly incredible （難以置信的） animals.12 August is World Elephant Day， which means to help save elephants.What do you know about elephants？ Here are some facts you may not know.
　　We know that elephants are large.But do you know that elephants often avoid eating a type of acacia tree （金合歡樹）？ Because it is home to ants and an elephant doesn’t want to get the ants inside its trunk.Its trunk is full of sensitive endings.
　　Female elephants live in groups of about 15 elephants.The oldest in the group is the leader.She not only decides when and where they move but also determines when they rest all the year.Male elephants leave the female group between the age of 12 and 15.But they aren’t loners （孤獨者）.They live in all-male groups.
　　Asian elephants don’t run.Running requires lifting all four feet at once.But elephants filmed in Thailand always keep at least two on the ground at all times.
　　Elephants have passed the mirror test.They recognize themselves in a mirror.According to tests， great apes， and dolphins also have this ability.
　　Elephants can get sunburned so they can take care to protect themselves.“Elephants will throw sand on their backs and on their heads to keep them from getting sunburned and to keep bugs off.” said Tony Barthel， working at the Smithsonian’s National Zoo.How do elephants protect their young？ Adult elephants will put them in sand and then they will stand over the little ones as they sleep.
　　Some farmers in Kenya protect their fields from elephants by lining the borders with beehives （蜂箱）.Not only are their crops saved， but the farmers also get some more money from the honey.
5.For what purpose is World Elephant Day designed？（　　）
A.To show some facts about elephants.
B.To introduce Asian elephants’ features.
C.To call on people to protect elephants.
D.To tell people some animals are in danger.
6.Why are elephants unwilling to eat acacia trees？（　　）
A.Because acacia trees are too tall to reach.
B.Because fruit on acacia trees is hard to eat.
C.Because elephants are sensitive to acacia trees.
D.Because elephants’ trunks are easily hurt by ants in the trees.
7.What do we infer about male elephants？（　　）
A.They can run faster than female ones.
B.They live with female elephants at an early age.
C.They decide where and when their groups move.
D.The strongest male elephant is chosen as their leader.
8.How do elephants protect their young kids？（　　）
A.By guarding kids when kids sleep.
B.By putting some sand on kids’ heads.
C.By using their trunks to keep bugs off.
D.By patting kids’ backs from time to time.
C
　　Back in 2019， three Chinese scientists were playfighting during a break from working in Chongqing Province， China. One was kung-fu kicked into a rock， causing an opening in the rock face. Inside， a wonderful fossil （化石） lay undisturbed， preserved for millions of years.
　　The fossil was a jawed fish， some 439 million years old， and the findings from the Chongqing site， along with other fossil findings in nearby Guizhou Province， have excited the science world， as they are 11 million years older than any fish fossil found before. It is a significant discovery because scientists have suspected that jaws evolved （進(jìn)化） some 450 million years ago， but there had yet to be any fossils that supported this theory. The oldest fossils with jaws found were 439 million years old.
　　In this discovery， though， there was a new species of shark that was 439 million years old， with a full jaw.
　　“All these things are still like dreams，” said Zhu Min， who led the research teams that recently published four papers on the discoveries. “Today we are staring at complete early fishes， 11 million years earlier than the previous oldest finds. These are both the most exciting as well as the most challenging fossils I have had the privilege to work on.”
　　Some of the fish that were discovered were placoderms， an extinct class of fish that have hard plates that formed a shield around the head and trunk， while others were an ancient type of shark.
　　The scientists found the oldest-known teeth of any vertebrate （脊椎動物）， 14 million years older than any previous findings， as well as two other shark descendants. China has been the site of numerous discoveries in recent years， including fossils of feathered dinosaurs， as well as the oldest known animals on Earth.
　　“The discovery of the Chongqing site is indeed an unbelievable miracle of fossil hunting，” Zhu added. “Suddenly we realized we have found a jaw-dropping fossil site. We are now close to the core of solving the fishy tree of early jawed vertebrates.”
9.What is the function of the first paragraph？（　　）
A.To witness the wonders of Kung Fu.
B.To describe the background of the text.
C.To introduce a new species of fish.
D.To lead in the main topic of the text.
10.Why is the discovery of the Chongqing site critical？（　　）
A.It focuses on the most challenging fish fossils.
B.It provides evidence of the evolution of jawed fish.
C.It includes fossils of different species of the fish.
D.It traces the origin of the oldest animal on Earth.
11.What’s Zhu Min’s attitude towards the discovery of the Chongqing site？（　　）
A.Unclear.　　　　　　　 B.Passive.
C.Positive. D.Neutral.
12.What can be the best title for the text？（　　）
A.The Oldest Fish Fossil Was Discovered Thanks to Kung Fu
B.Kung Fu Has Brought Major Benefits to the Science World
C.China Has Made Numerous Fossil Discoveries Recently
D.Chinese Scientists Strive to Help Finish the Fishy Tree
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　Once a friend and I went to a shop in Toronto to do some shopping.Later when we were sitting on a bench resting， an elderly 　13　 woman came and sat down on our bench.
　　She was in her own 　14　.She put her bags on the ground， reached down and carefully 　15　 her old dirty shoes.As she took her shoes off， I found that she had plastic bags over her bare feet， which were bleeding.My friend and I 　16　 looks of horror and pity.I suddenly 　17　 and told my friend that I would be right back.I bought a pair of boots， returned to the 　18　 and placed the package in one of her bags.
　　She didn’t even notice it， as she was still 　19　 her feet.I nodded to my friend for us to 　20　.We walked away and watched from where we wouldn’t be 　21　 by her.Soon she found the package.She carefully opened it； she 　22　 as she felt the boots.Then tears ran down her cheeks， yet still smiling.She 　23　 put the boots on.
　　How 　24　 that having a simple pair of boots had made such a difference in her life！　25　 also deserve care.How we 　26　 each other affects what our society and our world 　27　.Nobody should be forgotten.
13.（　）A.selfish　　　　　　B.homeless
C.stupid D.crazy
14.（　）A.village B.town
C.world D.home
15.（　）A.removed B.repaired
C.cleaned D.stored
16.（　）A.discovered B.exchanged
C.provided D.ignored
17.（　）A.jumped B.escaped
C.laughed D.stood
18.（　）A.bench B.playground
C.church D.hospital
19.（　）A.showing off B.looking for
C.dealing with D.talking about
20.（　）A.leave B.relax
C.improve D.attack
21.（　）A.seen B.understood
C.followed D.injured
22.（　）A.agreed B.screamed
C.smiled D.complained
23.（　）A.secretly B.curiously
C.carefully D.naturally
24.（　）A.fortunate B.sad
C.funny D.exciting
25.（　）A.Prisoners B.Foreigners
C.Visitors D.Strangers
26.（　）A.admire B.treat
C.judge D.serve
27.（　）A.focus B.use
C.imagine D.become
Section Ⅱ　Using language
基礎(chǔ)知識自測
維度一
1.test the waters　2.set out　3.looked into　4.think twice
5.shrink from　6.check out　7.threw ourselves into　
8.steer clear of
維度二
1.what makes me feel very proud
2.who will go with me
3.Whether one can achieve goals
4.because it rained heavily
5.There is no doubt that
維度三
1.what　2.Who　3.what　4.What　5.that　6.who　
7.How　8.that　9.that　10.whether/if
素養(yǎng)能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。近來，在巴勒斯坦的加沙地帶發(fā)現(xiàn)了具有一千年歷史的馬賽克地畫。這些馬賽克拼出了許多種動物的圖案，具有很高的藝術(shù)價值。
1.C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知，Salman al-Nabahin種植的一些新樹的根部生長受到了一定的阻礙，這導(dǎo)致了他這次的發(fā)現(xiàn)。
2.B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句可知，這些馬賽克地畫的創(chuàng)作時間是可以確定的。
3.B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中René Elter所說的Never have mosaic floors ...discovered in the Gaza Strip.可推知，他的話主要是想表明這些馬賽克地畫的巨大價值。
4.A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章末句可知，專家擔(dān)心的是這種馬賽克地畫可能會因為種種原因而無法得到很好的保護(hù)。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了人們可能不知道的有關(guān)大象的事實。
5.C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的12 August is World Elephant Day， which means to help save elephants.可知，世界大象日旨在呼吁人們保護(hù)大象。
6.D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知，大象不愿意吃金合歡樹是因為大象的鼻子很容易被樹上的螞蟻弄傷。
7.B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的Male elephants leave the female group between the age of 12 and 15.可推知，公象在很小的時候和母象生活在一起。
8.A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的How do elephants protect their young？ Adult elephants ...as they sleep.可知，大象在小象睡覺的時候保護(hù)小象。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。中國古生物學(xué)家在中國重慶和貴州等地發(fā)現(xiàn)了4.39億年前就有的化石——顎類脊椎動物。文章介紹了這一發(fā)現(xiàn)的重要意義以及相關(guān)人員對此的看法。
9.D　推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，第一段是為了引出文章的話題——發(fā)現(xiàn)目前最古老完整的魚化石。
10.B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，重慶遺址的發(fā)現(xiàn)至關(guān)重要是因為它提供了下顎魚進(jìn)化的證據(jù)。
11.C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中朱敏所說的The discovery of the Chongqing site is indeed an unbelievable miracle of fossil hunting可推知，朱敏對這一發(fā)現(xiàn)持積極態(tài)度。
12.A　標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文尤其是第一段可知，文章主要介紹了3名中國科學(xué)家在重慶探索，其中一人練過功夫，不小心踢到一塊巖石，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一塊壯觀的化石，是保存了約4.5億年的鯊魚祖先化石，這比之前發(fā)現(xiàn)的魚化石早了1，100萬年。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者和朋友去多倫多購物時，遇到一位無家可歸的老太太。作者給老太太買了雙靴子，這讓老太太感動不已。在這個世界上誰也不該被遺忘。只要人人都獻(xiàn)出一點愛，世界將變成美好的人間。
13.B　根據(jù)下文描述的老太太的穿著打扮可推知，她無家可歸。
14.C　根據(jù)第一段最后一句和第三段第一句可知，作者給老太太買了雙靴子放在她的包里，她甚至都沒有注意到這件事。由此可推知，老太太坐在長椅上沉浸在自己的世界里。in one’s own world意為“沉浸在某人自己的世界里”。
15.A　根據(jù)下一句中的As she took her shoes off可知，老太太脫掉了鞋子。
16.B　根據(jù)上一句可知，老太太腳上裹著塑料袋，腳在流血。由此可推知，作者和朋友看到這一幕后很震驚，很同情老太太，因此作者和朋友交換了震驚和同情的眼神。
17.D　根據(jù)第一段中的we were sitting on a bench resting和空后的I would be right back可知，作者原本是坐著的，突然站了起來。
18.A　根據(jù)第一段中的we were sitting on a bench resting和空前的returned可知，作者買了雙靴子，然后回到剛才坐著的長椅那里。
19.C　根據(jù)第二段中的she had plastic bags over her bare feet， which were bleeding和空前的She didn’t even notice it可知，老太太在處理自己流血的腳。
20.A　根據(jù)下一句中的We walked away可知，作者向朋友點頭示意她們離開。
21.A　根據(jù)語境可知，作者和朋友在不會被老太太看見的地方注視著她。
22.C　根據(jù)下一句中的yet still smiling可知，老太太摸著靴子時笑了。
23.C　根據(jù)上文可知，老太太生活非常艱難，因此她應(yīng)是小心翼翼地穿上作者送的靴子。
24.B　根據(jù)上一段可知，老太太看到作者送的一雙新靴子就感動得流淚，這讓作者感到難過。
25.D　對于作者來說，老太太是一個陌生人。此處指作者認(rèn)為，陌生人也應(yīng)得到關(guān)心。
26.B　作者幫助了可憐的老太太，由此感慨，我們?nèi)绾螌Υ舜藭绊懳覀兊纳鐣褪澜缱兂墒裁礃印?br/>27.D　參見上題解析。
6 / 6Section Ⅱ　Using language
復(fù)習(xí)：名詞性從句
①It is necessary that we （should） clean the room every day.
②Whether we will go for an autumn outing is not sure.
③That he won the game made us very happy.
④What really matters is whether you can concentrate on your lessons.
⑤Another thing that students often complain about is that they often have to stand in line for a long time before they can get the meal.
⑥It looks as if it is going to rain.
⑦This is where our problem lies.
⑧That is why he didn’t come to the meeting.
⑨I sincerely hope （that） you can accept my apologies and understand my situation.
⑩I’m convinced that with your intelligence and diligence you can pass your test easily.
Could you tell me when he bought this new bike？
I promise I will offer the best service to whoever participates in the tournament.
The suggestion that a new bridge （should） be built was accepted.
We can， therefore， come to the conclusion that drinking too much wine does harm to our health.
【我的發(fā)現(xiàn)】
1.以上例句中　　　　　　　含有主語從句；　　　　　　含有表語從句；　　　　　　含有賓語從句；　　　　含有同位語從句。
2.例句①③⑤⑨⑩ 中含有　　　　　　引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，除了及物動詞后面的賓語從句中that可以省略，其他名詞性從句中，that沒有任何意義，不作句子成分，不可以省略。
3.例句②④中含有whether引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，whether意為“　　　　”，在從句中不作任何成分。
4.例句④ 中含有連接　　　　引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，在從句中可以作主語或賓語。
5.例句⑦⑧ 為連接　　　　引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，在從句中可以作狀語。
6.例句①和例句 中使用了　　　　語氣。
名詞性從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句，多由連詞that， whether， if，連接代詞（who， whose， which， what， whoever， whatever， whichever）和連接副詞（when， where， how， why， whenever， wherever， however）等引導(dǎo)。
一、主語從句
在復(fù)合句中作主語的從句叫做主語從句。
1.連詞that引導(dǎo)的主語從句
that在從句中無意義，不作任何成分。
That the heavy haze is harming our health is quite apparent.
濃重的霧霾正在危害我們的健康，這是很明顯的。
2.連詞whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句
whether在從句中不作成分，意為“是否”。
Whether they will have the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.
他們是否要開會還沒有定下來。
3.連接代詞（who， whose， which， what， whoever， whatever， whichever）和連接副詞（when， where， how， why， whenever， wherever， however）引導(dǎo)的主語從句。
連接代詞或連接副詞在從句中有意義，作成分。
Whoever comes will be welcome.
無論誰來都將受到歡迎。
4.it作形式主語，主語從句后移
有時為了使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，避免“頭重腳輕”，常用it作形式主語，而把主語從句，即真正的主語，放在后面。
It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.
她犯了這樣一個錯誤，真是遺憾。
It is very important that a student （should） learn English well.
學(xué)生學(xué)好英語非常重要。
It is suggested that the meeting （should） be put off.
有人建議會議延期召開。
【即時演練1】　用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空
①　　　　　　 people spend so much money on their pets surprised us a lot.
②　　　　　 the flight to New York will be delayed is what I’m especially worried about.
③　　　　　　 worries most people is that these fertilisers may cause pollution.
④By boat is the only way to get here， which is 　　　　　　we arrived.
⑤　　　　　　 engages in killing and trading wild animals will be punished.
二、賓語從句
賓語從句在復(fù)合句中作及物動詞或介詞的賓語。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的詞有連詞that（無意義，不作成分）；if/whether（是否）；連接代詞who，whose，what，which等；連接副詞when，where，how，why等。語序為陳述語序。
1.連詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句
that在賓語從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中可以省略。
He told me （that） he would go to college the next year.他告訴我他明年將去上大學(xué)。
名師點津
在以下情況中that不能省略：
（1）動詞后有兩個或兩個以上由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時，第一個that可省略，其余的that一般都不能省略。
We all think （that） she is working very hard and that she will surely go to a very good university.
我們都認(rèn)為她學(xué)習(xí)非常努力，一定能進(jìn)入一個非常好的大學(xué)。
（2）當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞與that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句之間有插入語時，that一般不可省略。
Just then I noticed， for the first time， that our teacher was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.
那時我第一次注意到我們的老師穿著他的好看的綠色大衣并戴著黑色絲帽。
2.whether/if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句
由whether/if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，實際上是由一般疑問句演變而來的，意為“是否”；賓語從句要用陳述語序。一般來說，在賓語從句中whether與if可以互換使用，但在特殊情況下whether與if 是不能互換的。
I wonder whether/if they will come to our party.
我想知道他們是否會來參加我們的晚會。
名師點津
賓語從句只能用whether，不能用if的情況：
（1）在帶to的不定式前
We haven’t decided whether to walk there.
我們還沒決定是否走著去那里。
（2）在介詞的后面
I’m thinking of whether we should go to see the film.
我正在考慮我們是否應(yīng)該去看這部電影。
（3）與or not連用時
I can’t say whether or not they can come tomorrow.
我不敢說他們明天是否能來。
3.賓語從句的一些注意事項
（1）一般情況下介詞后只能用wh-類連接詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句，但but，except，besides等后可接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。
He goes to the library every day except when it is raining.
除了下雨天外，他每天都去圖書館。
I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he is a teacher.
我只知道我的新鄰居是一位老師。
（2）動詞find，consider，think，feel，believe，make等后有賓語補(bǔ)足語時，常用it作形式賓語，而將真正的賓語從句后置。
I have made it clear that I will not accept this job.
我已表明我不會接受這份工作。
（3）有些動詞（短語），如enjoy，love，like，hate，appreciate，take，hide，see to，insist on，depend on，rely on等后接賓語從句時，習(xí)慣上在從句前加形式賓語it。
I would appreciate it if you could give us some advice on how to solve those problems.
如果你能在如何解決那些問題方面給我們一些建議，我將不勝感激。
（4）賓語從句的語序
賓語從句的語序是陳述語序，即：連接代詞/副詞＋主語＋謂語＋其他成分。
I don’t know what case the police are looking into.
我不知道警察正在調(diào)查一個什么樣的案子。
（5）賓語從句的時態(tài)
賓語從句謂語動詞的時態(tài)常受到主句謂語動詞時態(tài)的影響。主句謂語動詞是現(xiàn)在或?qū)頃r態(tài)時，從句謂語動詞可用任何所需要的時態(tài)；如果主句時態(tài)是過去時，從句時態(tài)通常與主句一致用過去的某種時態(tài)。
The teacher pointed out where she was wrong.
老師指出了她錯的地方。
【即時演練2】　用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空
①Knowing some tips will help ensure 　　　　　　you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world.
②The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply 　　　　　　they learned about human faces during training to new faces in the testing stage.
③She asked me 　　　　　　I had returned the books to the library， and I admitted that I hadn’t.
三、表語從句
表語從句在復(fù)合句中作表語，放在系動詞之后，結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語＋連系動詞＋表語從句”。可以接表語從句的連系動詞有be，look，remain，seem等。引導(dǎo)表語從句的詞有連詞that，whether，as if/though，because；連接代詞who，what，which等；連接副詞when，where，how，why等。
名師點津
（1）引導(dǎo)表語從句的that不可省略。
（2）表語從句用陳述語序。
The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
問題是他什么時候可以到達(dá)酒店。
（3）引導(dǎo)表語從句時，用whether，不用if。
The question is whether he can make it.
問題是他能否成功。
（4）reason作主語時，表語從句要用that引導(dǎo)。常用句式為The reason is that ...。
He didn’t attend the party.The reason was that he was ill.
他沒有參加聚會，原因是他生病了。
【即時演練3】　用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空
①He didn’t attend school yesterday， and that’s 　　　　　　he got a toothache.
②What I want to know is 　　　　　　he likes the gift given by us.
③This is 　　　　　　they overcome the difficulties.
④It is generally believed that communication skills are becoming 　　　　　　it takes to be a good teacher.
四、同位語從句
在復(fù)合句中用作同位語的從句稱為同位語從句。它一般放在fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information，belief，thought，doubt，promise，question等抽象名詞的后面，對前面的名詞作進(jìn)一步的解釋，或說明前面名詞的具體含義。
1.同位語從句的連接詞
引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連接詞有連詞that，whether；連接代詞what，who等和連接副詞when，where，why，how等。其中that，whether不作成分，that無實際意義，whether意為“是否”；其他連接詞具有實義，同時在同位語從句中作一定成分。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連接詞一般都不省略。
The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.
他們比賽獲勝的消息很快傳遍了整個學(xué)校。
He hasn’t made the decision whether he will go there.
他還沒有做出決定是否去那里。
2.同位語從句的注意事項
有時同位語從句與其所解釋說明的名詞會被其他成分隔開，從而形成分隔式同位語從句，這樣做主要是為了保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，避免頭重腳輕。
A saying goes that practice makes perfect.（從句被謂語goes分開）
常言道，熟能生巧。
3.同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別
同位語從句 定語從句
功能 解釋說明名詞表示的具體內(nèi)容 限定名詞的性質(zhì)、特征、來源等
that 不作成分，只起連接作用，不可省略 作主語、賓語或表語，起連接作用，并且作從句的賓語時可省略
whether 起連接作用，其中whether（是否）不作成分，而how和what作成分 不引導(dǎo)定語從句
how/what
同位語從句 定語從句
who 作成分；起連接作用；有自己的含義，但與其修飾的名詞無關(guān) 作成分；起連接作用；與先行詞有一定的關(guān)系，如when的先行詞為時間名詞
when
where
why
名師點津
判定同位語從句的簡易方法：
我們可以在名詞和從句之間加be動詞，使之構(gòu)成一個新句子，如果合乎邏輯、句子通順，則是同位語從句。
The news that she told me is that Tom will go abroad next year.（that she told me是定語從句）
她告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。（不可以說The news was that she told me ...）
The news that Tom would go abroad was told by her.（that Tom would go abroad是同位語從句）
湯姆將出國的消息是她說的。（可以說The news was that Tom would go abroad ...）
【即時演練4】　用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空
①The possibility 　　　　　　there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
②There is still some doubt 　　　　　　the sports meeting will be held.
③I have no idea 　　　　　he comes from.
④She had no idea 　　　　　　she could persuade her husband to give up smoking.
check out調(diào)查，檢查；結(jié)賬；（從圖書館等）借出
【教材原句】　So while you may be tempted to check out a strange object or to test the waters of a new situation， it can be safer to steer clear of the unfamiliar.所以，當(dāng)你可能會忍不住去看看一個陌生的物體，或者試探一個新環(huán)境時，避開不熟悉的東西會更安全。
【用法】
（1）check in 　　　　（在旅館、機(jī)場等）登記，報到 check up 核對；檢驗 check over 仔細(xì)檢查 （2）pay by check　　　　　　用支票付款 make/have a check （of） 核對 a health check 體格檢查 keep a check on 經(jīng)常檢查
【佳句】　We’ll have to check him out before we employ him.
在雇用他之前我們得先調(diào)查一下。
【練透】　寫出下列句中check out的含義
①I checked out this book from the library in the morning. 　　　
②The accountant checked out the bills and found them OK. 　　　
③The hotel receptionist rings me up to ask when we will check out. 　　　
【寫美】　補(bǔ)全句子
④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 online and print your boarding pass in advance.
別忘了在線辦理登機(jī)手續(xù)并提前打印你的登機(jī)牌。
throw oneself into積極投入到……中去
【教材原句】　Of course，exploration doesn’t have to mean blindly throwing ourselves into the unknown，and it’s never wrong to think twice before taking action.
當(dāng)然，探索并不意味著盲目地投入到未知的世界，在采取行動之前三思是沒有錯的。
【用法】
throw away　　　　拋棄；扔掉 throw off 脫去 throw up 舉起；嘔吐 throw out 拋出；扔出去 throw oneself on 撲倒在……上；完全依賴
【佳句】　So，a lot of young people throw themselves into the voluntary work in hospitals actively.
因此，很多年輕人積極投身于醫(yī)院的志愿工作。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①There is no room for so many things in our new house， so I think those old chairs should be thrown 　　　　　　.
②During the class trip， one of the students had to leave the bus to throw 　　　　　　because of severe carsickness.
【寫美】　補(bǔ)全句子
③She entered the room and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
她走進(jìn)房間，脫掉了濕外套。
shrink v.（shrank/shrunk；shrunk/shrunken） 退縮，畏縮；（使）縮水，（使）縮小
【教材原句】　While there is no need for us to shrink from new situations，we should always look into things first and consider our options.
雖然我們沒有必要對新情況畏縮不前，但我們應(yīng)該總是先把事情調(diào)查清楚，然后再考慮我們的選擇。
【用法】
（1）shrink from　　　　　避免做，不愿做 shrink with 因……收縮 shrink to 縮小到 shrink in the wash 縮水 （2）a shrinking violet 羞怯的人
【佳句】　Can you tell me whether this woolen sweater will shrink when washed？
你能告訴我這件羊毛衫洗后會縮水嗎？
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The vast forests of West Africa have 　　　　　　　　（shrink）.
②We will not shrink 　　　　　　making the necessary changes in policy.
【寫美】　補(bǔ)全句子
③The little girl selling matches in the street 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
街上賣火柴的小女孩凍得把身子蜷縮起來。
look into調(diào)查（問題）；審查；研究
【教材原句】　While there is no need for us to shrink from new situations，we should always look into things first and consider our options.
雖然我們沒有必要對新情況畏縮不前，但我們應(yīng)該總是先把事情調(diào)查清楚，然后再考慮我們的選擇。
【用法】
look ahead （to sth） 　向前看（某物）；為將來打算 look after 照料，照顧 look down upon/on 看不起，輕視 look forward to 盼望；期望 look over 查看；檢查 look through 快速查看；瀏覽 look up 往上看；查閱 look up to 尊敬，敬仰
【佳句】　The police have received the complaint， and now they are looking into it.
警察已接到了舉報，現(xiàn)在正在調(diào)查這件事。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①He did not look forward to 　　　　　　（be） in debt because of his restaurant.
②Don’t sit around feeling sorry for yourself.Be positive and look 　　　　　　.
③Only after Mary looked 　　　　　　　　her composition a second time did she notice a spelling mistake.
【寫美】　補(bǔ)全句子
④That we each should 　　　　　　　　　　　　　is our traditional Chinese virtue.
我們每個人都要尊重老人，這是中國的傳統(tǒng)美德。
investigation n.調(diào)查
【教材原句】　Talk about the investigations into another scientific mystery using the words and expressions in this section.
用這部分的單詞和表達(dá)方式談?wù)搶α硪粋€科學(xué)之謎的調(diào)查。
【用法】
（1）conduct/carry out an investigation　　　　　　　　　　　開展調(diào)查 under investigation 在調(diào)查/研究中 accident investigation 事故調(diào)查 investigation into 對……進(jìn)行調(diào)查 （2）investigate v. 調(diào)查；研究 investigate and survey 調(diào)研
【佳句】　To work out a plan，we started with investigation.
為了制訂計劃，我們從調(diào)查研究入手。
【點津】　inspect和investigate都有“調(diào)查，檢查”之意。inspect側(cè)重按一定質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)檢查某物，找出不足或不同之處；investigate指為發(fā)現(xiàn)事實真相或了解情況而進(jìn)行深入細(xì)致的現(xiàn)場考查。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The police have launched an 　　　　　　（investigate） into the incident.
②The police are puzzled about the case 　　　　　　investigation.
③If you swim in a river or lake， be sure 　　　　　　　　（investigate） what is below the water surface.
④They made full 　　　　　　（investigate） previous to reaching a conclusion.
【寫美】　補(bǔ)全句子
⑤The police have completed their 　　　　　　　　　　the accident.
警方已完成該事故的調(diào)查。
Section Ⅱ　Using language
【重難語法·要攻克】
我的發(fā)現(xiàn)
1.①②③④　④⑤⑥⑦⑧　⑨⑩ 　 　2.that
3.是否　4.代詞　5.副詞　6.虛擬
即時演練1
①That　②Whether　③What　④how　⑤Whoever
即時演練2
①that　②what　③whether/if
即時演練3
①because　②whether　③how　④what
即時演練4
①that　②whether　③where　④how
【知識要點·須拾遺】
1.①借出　②檢查　③結(jié)賬　④Don’t forget to check in
2.①away　②up　③threw off her wet coat
3.①shrunk/shrunken　②from　③shrank with cold
4.①being　②ahead　③through　④look up to the old
5.①investigation　②under　③to investigate　
④investigations　⑤investigation into
9 / 9(共105張PPT)
Section Ⅱ　Using language
1
重難語法·要攻克
目 錄
2
知識要點·須拾遺
3
課時檢測·提能力
重難語法·要攻克
掌握核心語法
1
復(fù)習(xí)：名詞性從句
①It is necessary that we （should） clean the room every day.
②Whether we will go for an autumn outing is not sure.
③That he won the game made us very happy.
④What really matters is whether you can concentrate on your lessons.
⑤Another thing that students often complain about is that they often have
to stand in line for a long time before they can get the meal.
⑥It looks as if it is going to rain.
⑦This is where our problem lies.
⑧That is why he didn’t come to the meeting.
⑨I sincerely hope （that） you can accept my apologies and understand
my situation.
⑩I’m convinced that with your intelligence and diligence you can pass
your test easily.
Could you tell me when he bought this new bike？
I promise I will offer the best service to whoever participates in the
tournament.
The suggestion that a new bridge （should） be built was accepted.
We can， therefore， come to the conclusion that drinking too much
wine does harm to our health.
【我的發(fā)現(xiàn)】
1. 以上例句中 含有主語從句； 含有表語
從句； 含有賓語從句； 含有同位語從句。
2. 例句①③⑤⑨⑩ 中含有 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，除了及物
動詞后面的賓語從句中that可以省略，其他名詞性從句中，that沒有
任何意義，不作句子成分，不可以省略。
3. 例句②④中含有whether引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，whether意為“
”，在從句中不作任何成分。
4. 例句④ 中含有連接 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，在從句中可以
作主語或賓語。
①②③④　
④⑤⑥⑦⑧　
⑨⑩ 　
　
that　
是
否　
代詞　
5. 例句⑦⑧ 為連接 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，在從句中可以作
狀語。
6. 例句①和例句 中使用了 語氣。
副詞　
虛擬　
名詞性從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句，多由
連詞that， whether， if，連接代詞（who， whose， which， what，
whoever， whatever， whichever）和連接副詞（when， where，
how， why， whenever， wherever， however）等引導(dǎo)。
一、主語從句
在復(fù)合句中作主語的從句叫做主語從句。
1. 連詞that引導(dǎo)的主語從句
that在從句中無意義，不作任何成分。
That the heavy haze is harming our health is quite apparent.
濃重的霧霾正在危害我們的健康，這是很明顯的。
2. 連詞whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句
whether在從句中不作成分，意為“是否”。
Whether they will have the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.
他們是否要開會還沒有定下來。
3. 連接代詞（who， whose， which， what， whoever， whatever，
whichever）和連接副詞（when， where， how， why， whenever，
wherever， however）引導(dǎo)的主語從句。
連接代詞或連接副詞在從句中有意義，作成分。
Whoever comes will be welcome.
無論誰來都將受到歡迎。
4. it作形式主語，主語從句后移
有時為了使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，避免“頭重腳輕”，常用it作形式主
語，而把主語從句，即真正的主語，放在后面。
It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.
她犯了這樣一個錯誤，真是遺憾。
It is very important that a student （should） learn English well.
學(xué)生學(xué)好英語非常重要。
It is suggested that the meeting （should） be put off.
有人建議會議延期召開。
① people spend so much money on their pets surprised us a
lot.
② the flight to New York will be delayed is what I’m
especially worried about.
③ worries most people is that these fertilisers may cause
pollution.
④By boat is the only way to get here， which is we arrived.
⑤ engages in killing and trading wild animals will be
punished.
That　
Whether　
What　
how　
Whoever　
【即時演練1】　用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空
二、賓語從句
賓語從句在復(fù)合句中作及物動詞或介詞的賓語。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的詞有
連詞that（無意義，不作成分）；if/whether（是否）；連接代詞who，
whose，what，which等；連接副詞when，where，how，why等。語序
為陳述語序。
1. 連詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句
that在賓語從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中可以
省略。
He told me （that） he would go to college the next year.他告訴我他
明年將去上大學(xué)。
名師點津
在以下情況中that不能省略：
（1）動詞后有兩個或兩個以上由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時，第一個that
可省略，其余的that一般都不能省略。
We all think （that） she is working very hard and that she will
surely go to a very good university.
我們都認(rèn)為她學(xué)習(xí)非常努力，一定能進(jìn)入一個非常好的大學(xué)。
（2）當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞與that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句之間有插入語時，that
一般不可省略。
Just then I noticed， for the first time， that our teacher was wearing
his fine green coat and his black silk cap.
那時我第一次注意到我們的老師穿著他的好看的綠色大衣并戴
著黑色絲帽。
2. whether/if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句
由whether/if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，實際上是由一般疑問句演變而來
的，意為“是否”；賓語從句要用陳述語序。一般來說，在賓
語從句中whether與if可以互換使用，但在特殊情況下whether與
if 是不能互換的。
I wonder whether/if they will come to our party.
我想知道他們是否會來參加我們的晚會。
名師點津
賓語從句只能用whether，不能用if的情況：
（1）在帶to的不定式前
We haven’t decided whether to walk there.
我們還沒決定是否走著去那里。
（2）在介詞的后面
I’m thinking of whether we should go to see the film.
我正在考慮我們是否應(yīng)該去看這部電影。
（3）與or not連用時
I can’t say whether or not they can come tomorrow.
我不敢說他們明天是否能來。
3. 賓語從句的一些注意事項
（1）一般情況下介詞后只能用wh-類連接詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句，但
but，except，besides等后可接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。
He goes to the library every day except when it is raining.
除了下雨天外，他每天都去圖書館。
I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he is a
teacher.
我只知道我的新鄰居是一位老師。
（2）動詞find，consider，think，feel，believe，make等后有賓語補(bǔ)
足語時，常用it作形式賓語，而將真正的賓語從句后置。
I have made it clear that I will not accept this job.
我已表明我不會接受這份工作。
（3）有些動詞（短語），如enjoy，love，like，hate，appreciate，
take，hide，see to，insist on，depend on，rely on等后接賓語
從句時，習(xí)慣上在從句前加形式賓語it。
I would appreciate it if you could give us some advice on how to
solve those problems.
如果你能在如何解決那些問題方面給我們一些建議，我將不
勝感激。
（4）賓語從句的語序
賓語從句的語序是陳述語序，即：連接代詞/副詞＋主語＋謂
語＋其他成分。
I don’t know what case the police are looking into.
我不知道警察正在調(diào)查一個什么樣的案子。
（5）賓語從句的時態(tài)
賓語從句謂語動詞的時態(tài)常受到主句謂語動詞時態(tài)的影響。
主句謂語動詞是現(xiàn)在或?qū)頃r態(tài)時，從句謂語動詞可用任何
所需要的時態(tài)；如果主句時態(tài)是過去時，從句時態(tài)通常與主
句一致用過去的某種時態(tài)。
The teacher pointed out where she was wrong.
老師指出了她錯的地方。
【即時演練2】　用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空
①Knowing some tips will help ensure you have an enjoyable
meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world.
②The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply
they learned about human faces during training to new faces in the testing
stage.
③She asked me I had returned the books to the library，
and I admitted that I hadn’t.
that　
what　
whether/if　
三、表語從句
表語從句在復(fù)合句中作表語，放在系動詞之后，結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語＋連系
動詞＋表語從句”。可以接表語從句的連系動詞有be，look，
remain，seem等。引導(dǎo)表語從句的詞有連詞that，whether，as
if/though，because；連接代詞who，what，which等；連接副詞when，
where，how，why等。
名師點津
（1）引導(dǎo)表語從句的that不可省略。
（2）表語從句用陳述語序。
The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
問題是他什么時候可以到達(dá)酒店。
（3）引導(dǎo)表語從句時，用whether，不用if。
The question is whether he can make it.
問題是他能否成功。
（4）reason作主語時，表語從句要用that引導(dǎo)。常用句式為The reason
is that ...。
He didn’t attend the party.The reason was that he was ill.
他沒有參加聚會，原因是他生病了。
【即時演練3】　用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空
①He didn’t attend school yesterday， and that’s he got a
toothache.
②What I want to know is he likes the gift given by us.
③This is they overcome the difficulties.
④It is generally believed that communication skills are
becoming it takes to be a good teacher.
because　
whether　
how　
what　
四、同位語從句
在復(fù)合句中用作同位語的從句稱為同位語從句。它一般放在fact，
news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information，belief，thought，
doubt，promise，question等抽象名詞的后面，對前面的名詞作進(jìn)一步
的解釋，或說明前面名詞的具體含義。
1. 同位語從句的連接詞
引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連接詞有連詞that，whether；連接代詞what，
who等和連接副詞when，where，why，how等。其中that，whether
不作成分，that無實際意義，whether意為“是否”；其他連接詞具
有實義，同時在同位語從句中作一定成分。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連接
詞一般都不省略。
The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole
school.
他們比賽獲勝的消息很快傳遍了整個學(xué)校。
He hasn’t made the decision whether he will go there.
他還沒有做出決定是否去那里。
2. 同位語從句的注意事項
有時同位語從句與其所解釋說明的名詞會被其他成分隔開，從而形
成分隔式同位語從句，這樣做主要是為了保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，避免
頭重腳輕。
A saying goes that practice makes perfect.（從句被謂語goes分開）
常言道，熟能生巧。
3. 同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別
同位語從句 定語從句
功能 解釋說明名詞表示的具體內(nèi)容 限定名詞的性質(zhì)、特征、來源等
that 不作成分，只起連接作用，不可省略 作主語、賓語或表語，起連接作用，并且作從句的賓語時可省略
同位語從句 定語從句
whether 起連接作用，其中
whether（是否）不作成分，而how和what作成分 不引導(dǎo)定語從句
how/what who 作成分；起連接作用；有自己的含義，但與其修飾的名詞無關(guān) 作成分；起連接作用；與先行詞有一定的關(guān)系，如when的先行詞為時間名詞
when where why 名師點津
判定同位語從句的簡易方法：
我們可以在名詞和從句之間加be動詞，使之構(gòu)成一個新句子，如果合
乎邏輯、句子通順，則是同位語從句。
The news that she told me is that Tom will go abroad next year.（that she
told me是定語從句）
她告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。（不可以說The news was that she
told me ...）
The news that Tom would go abroad was told by her.（that Tom would go
abroad是同位語從句）
湯姆將出國的消息是她說的。（可以說The news was that Tom would
go abroad ...）
【即時演練4】　用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空
①The possibility there is life on other planets in the universe has
always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
②There is still some doubt the sports meeting will be held.
③I have no idea he comes from.
④She had no idea she could persuade her husband to give up
smoking.
that　
whether　
where　
how　
知識要點·須拾遺
關(guān)注高頻詞匯
2
check out調(diào)查，檢查；結(jié)賬；（從圖書館等）借出
【教材原句】　So while you may be tempted to check out a strange
object or to test the waters of a new situation， it can be safer to steer clear
of the unfamiliar.
所以，當(dāng)你可能會忍不住去看看一個陌生的物體，或者試探一個新環(huán)
境時，避開不熟悉的東西會更安全。
【用法】
（1）check in　 （在旅館、機(jī)場等）登記，報到
check up　　核對；檢驗
check over　　仔細(xì)檢查
（2）pay by check　　用支票付款
make/have a check （of）　　核對
a health check　　體格檢查
keep a check on　　經(jīng)常檢查
【佳句】　We’ll have to check him out before we employ him.
在雇用他之前我們得先調(diào)查一下。
【練透】 寫出下列句中check out的含義
①I checked out this book from the library in the morning.
②The accountant checked out the bills and found them OK.
③The hotel receptionist rings me up to ask when we will check out.　

借出　
檢查　
結(jié)
賬　
【寫美】　補(bǔ)全句子
④ online and print your boarding pass in
advance.
別忘了在線辦理登機(jī)手續(xù)并提前打印你的登機(jī)牌。
Don’t forget to check in　
throw oneself into積極投入到……中去
【教材原句】　Of course，exploration doesn’t have to mean blindly
throwing ourselves into the unknown，and it’s never wrong to think
twice before taking action.
當(dāng)然，探索并不意味著盲目地投入到未知的世界，在采取行動之前三
思是沒有錯的。
【用法】
throw away　　拋棄；扔掉
throw off　　脫去
throw up　　舉起；嘔吐
throw out　　拋出；扔出去
throw oneself on　　撲倒在……上；完全依賴
【佳句】　So，a lot of young people throw themselves into the
voluntary work in hospitals actively.
因此，很多年輕人積極投身于醫(yī)院的志愿工作。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①There is no room for so many things in our new house， so I think those
old chairs should be thrown .
②During the class trip， one of the students had to leave the bus to
throw because of severe carsickness.
away　
up　
【寫美】　補(bǔ)全句子
③She entered the room and .
她走進(jìn)房間，脫掉了濕外套。
threw off her wet coat　
shrink v.（shrank/shrunk；shrunk/shrunken） 退縮，畏縮；（使）
縮水，（使）縮小
【教材原句】　While there is no need for us to shrink from new
situations，we should always look into things first and consider our
options.
雖然我們沒有必要對新情況畏縮不前，但我們應(yīng)該總是先把事情調(diào)查
清楚，然后再考慮我們的選擇。
【用法】
（1）shrink from　　避免做，不愿做
shrink with　　因……收縮
shrink to　　縮小到
shrink in the wash　　縮水
（2）a shrinking violet　　羞怯的人
【佳句】　Can you tell me whether this woolen sweater will shrink when
washed？
你能告訴我這件羊毛衫洗后會縮水嗎？
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The vast forests of West Africa have （shrink）.
②We will not shrink making the necessary changes in policy.
shrunk/shrunken　
from　
【寫美】　補(bǔ)全句子
③The little girl selling matches in the street .
街上賣火柴的小女孩凍得把身子蜷縮起來。
shrank with cold　
look into調(diào)查（問題）；審查；研究
【教材原句】　While there is no need for us to shrink from new
situations，we should always look into things first and consider our
options.
雖然我們沒有必要對新情況畏縮不前，但我們應(yīng)該總是先把事情調(diào)查
清楚，然后再考慮我們的選擇。
【用法】
look ahead （to sth） 　向前看（某物）；為將來打算
look after　　照料，照顧
look down upon/on　　看不起，輕視
look forward to　　盼望；期望
look over　　查看；檢查
look through　　快速查看；瀏覽
look up　　往上看；查閱
look up to　　尊敬，敬仰
【佳句】　The police have received the complaint， and now they are
looking into it.
警察已接到了舉報，現(xiàn)在正在調(diào)查這件事。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①He did not look forward to （be） in debt because of his
restaurant.
②Don’t sit around feeling sorry for yourself.Be positive and
look .
③Only after Mary looked her composition a second time did
she notice a spelling mistake.
being　
ahead　
through　
【寫美】　補(bǔ)全句子
④That we each should is our traditional Chinese
virtue.
我們每個人都要尊重老人，這是中國的傳統(tǒng)美德。
look up to the old　
investigation n.調(diào)查
【教材原句】　Talk about the investigations into another scientific
mystery using the words and expressions in this section.
用這部分的單詞和表達(dá)方式談?wù)搶α硪粋€科學(xué)之謎的調(diào)查。
【用法】
（1）conduct/carry out an investigation　開展調(diào)查
under investigation　　在調(diào)查/研究中
accident investigation　　事故調(diào)查
investigation into　　對……進(jìn)行調(diào)查
（2）investigate v.　　調(diào)查；研究
investigate and survey　　調(diào)研
【佳句】　To work out a plan，we started with investigation.為了制訂
計劃，我們從調(diào)查研究入手。
【點津】　inspect和investigate都有“調(diào)查，檢查”之意。inspect側(cè)重
按一定質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)檢查某物，找出不足或不同之處；investigate指為發(fā)現(xiàn)
事實真相或了解情況而進(jìn)行深入細(xì)致的現(xiàn)場考查。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The police have launched an （investigate） into the
incident.
②The police are puzzled about the case investigation.
investigation　
under　
③If you swim in a river or lake， be sure
（investigate） what is below the water surface.
④They made full （investigate） previous to reaching
a conclusion.
to investigate　
investigations　
【寫美】　補(bǔ)全句子
⑤The police have completed their the accident.
警方已完成該事故的調(diào)查。
investigation into　
課時檢測·提能力
培育學(xué)科素養(yǎng)
3
維度一：基礎(chǔ)題型練
用方框內(nèi)短語的適當(dāng)形式填空。
check out， steer clear of， set out， throw oneself into， think twice，
shrink from， look into， test the waters
1. Sometimes people get curious and want to .
2. He to do the experiment in the lab.
test the waters　
set out　
3. Several months ago， the police in Beijing several
crime cases where personal information had been illegally sold.
4. What might make you about being so wasteful？
5. While there is no need for us to new situations， we
should always think twice before rushing into things.
6. There are many good websites where you can the latest
in the science world.
7. With a strong desire for English study， we
reading English novels.
8. When you talk with an unfamiliar woman， you’d better
age.
looked into　
think twice　
shrink from　
check out　
threw ourselves into　
steer clear
of　
維度二：語法與寫作
補(bǔ)全句子
1. Our country is developing at an amazing speed， which is
.
我們的國家正在以驚人的速度發(fā)展，這是讓我感到非常自豪的
事情。
2. The question is to Beijing tomorrow.
問題是明天誰和我一起去北京。
3. depends on effort rather than luck.
一個人能否實現(xiàn)目標(biāo)取決于努力而不是運氣。
what
makes me feel very proud　
who will go with me　
Whether one can achieve goals　
4. I didn’t come on time yesterday.That’s
.
我昨天沒有按時到。那是因為下了很大的雨。
5. the environment is being polluted by human
beings.
毫無疑問，環(huán)境正在被人類污染。
because it rained
heavily　
There is no doubt that　
維度三：語法與語篇
根據(jù)語境，用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空。
　　There was an accident on the corner of the Roman Street this
morning.No witness saw 1. on earth happened then.A car
crashed into a truck but luckily no one got injured.2. will be
responsible for the accident is still under investigation.The police are
uncertain about 3. led to the accident.The truck driver looked as
if he was guilty.He was too nervous to say a word.4. the police
would do is figure out the truth as soon as possible.They said 5.
what　
Who　
what　
What　
it was difficult for them to judge 6. exactly should be to
blame.7. this happened was still not clear.It was certain
8. the car driver was too tired to stop the car immediately.The car
driver didn’t admit the fact 9. he was driving over the speed
limit at the turning.The police doubted 10. what he said
was true and decided to make a further investigation.
that　
who　
How　
that　
that　
whether/if　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　Palestinian farmer Salman al-Nabahin was working in his garden in
Gaza when he noticed that some of the new trees he’d planted on his land
did not root properly.Curious about what might be causing the issue， al-
Nabahin asked his son to help him start digging.
　　His son’s ax struck something hard.When the two men began to
clear away the dirt， they discovered an item they did not recognize.A
little Internet searching provided the answer to their mystery： They’d
come across a Byzantine-era floor mosaic （拜占庭時期馬賽克地畫）
featuring birds and other animals.
　　This happened six months ago.Now， archaeologists are hard at work
studying the flooring to learn more about its secrets and civilization values.
　　The mosaic features 17 images of birds and other animals presented in
bright colors.Archaeologists believe artists created the flooring sometime
between the fifth and seventh centuries， though they don’t know
whether the mosaic had religious origins.In total， the land covering the
entire mosaic is about 500 square meters， and the mosaic itself measures
about 23 square meters.Some parts of the mosaic appear to be damaged，
likely from the roots of an old tree.
　　“These are the most beautiful mosaic floors discovered in Gaza，
both in terms of the quality of the vivid representation and the complexity
of the pattern，” says René Elter， an archaeologist in
Jerusalem.“Never have mosaic floors of this precision in the patterns and
richness of the colors been discovered in the Gaza Strip.”
　　The Gaza Strip， which is located between Israel and Egypt and was
a busy trade route throughout history， is home to many ancient
civilizations. The farmer and his son discovered the mosaic about a
kilometer from the border with Israel. Archaeologists and other experts are
concerned about the mosaic’s future because of the ongoing conflict there
and a lack of funding for historical protection.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。近來，在巴勒斯坦的加沙地帶發(fā)
現(xiàn)了具有一千年歷史的馬賽克地畫。這些馬賽克拼出了許多種動物
的圖案，具有很高的藝術(shù)價值。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。近來，在巴勒斯坦的加沙地帶發(fā)
現(xiàn)了具有一千年歷史的馬賽克地畫。這些馬賽克拼出了許多種動物
的圖案，具有很高的藝術(shù)價值。
1. What led Salman al-Nabahin to the unexpected discovery？（　　）
A. His son’s constant digging work.
B. His decision to remove some new trees.
C. The improper growth of some new trees.
D. The appearance of some birds and other animals.
解析：　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知，Salman al-Nabahin
種植的一些新樹的根部生長受到了一定的阻礙，這導(dǎo)致了他這次的
發(fā)現(xiàn)。
2. What can we learn about the mosaic？（　　）
A. Its origin has something to do with religion.
B. The time of its creation can be figured out.
C. It has been seriously damaged by digging work.
D. It reflects relationships between humans and animals.
解析：　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句可知，這些馬賽克地畫
的創(chuàng)作時間是可以確定的。
3. What do René Elter’s words in the last but one paragraph show？
（　　）
A. The history of the mosaic floors.
B. The great value of the mosaic floors.
C. The secrets hidden in the mosaic floors.
D. The difficulty in creating the mosaic floors.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中René Elter所說的Never
have mosaic floors ...discovered in the Gaza Strip.可推知，他的話
主要是想表明這些馬賽克地畫的巨大價值。
4. What is some experts’ concern about the mosaic？（　　）
A. It may not be well protected.
B. It may be too large to carry.
C. It may cause regional conflicts.
D. It may lose its historical meaning.
解析：　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章末句可知，專家擔(dān)心的是這種馬
賽克地畫可能會因為種種原因而無法得到很好的保護(hù)。
B
　　Elephants are truly incredible （難以置信的） animals.12 August is
World Elephant Day， which means to help save elephants.What do you
know about elephants？ Here are some facts you may not know.
　　We know that elephants are large.But do you know that elephants
often avoid eating a type of acacia tree （金合歡樹）？ Because it is
home to ants and an elephant doesn’t want to get the ants inside its
trunk.Its trunk is full of sensitive endings.
　　Female elephants live in groups of about 15 elephants.The oldest in
the group is the leader.She not only decides when and where they move
but also determines when they rest all the year.Male elephants leave the
female group between the age of 12 and 15.But they aren’t loners （孤
獨者）.They live in all-male groups.
　　Asian elephants don’t run.Running requires lifting all four feet at
once.But elephants filmed in Thailand always keep at least two on the
ground at all times.
　　Elephants have passed the mirror test.They recognize themselves in a
mirror.According to tests， great apes， and dolphins also have this
ability.
　　Elephants can get sunburned so they can take care to protect
themselves.“Elephants will throw sand on their backs and on their heads
to keep them from getting sunburned and to keep bugs off.” said Tony
Barthel， working at the Smithsonian’s National Zoo.How do elephants
protect their young？ Adult elephants will put them in sand and then they
will stand over the little ones as they sleep.
　　Some farmers in Kenya protect their fields from elephants by lining
the borders with beehives （蜂箱）.Not only are their crops saved， but
the farmers also get some more money from the honey.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了人們可能不知道的
有關(guān)大象的事實。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了人們可能不知道的
有關(guān)大象的事實。
5. For what purpose is World Elephant Day designed？（　　）
A. To show some facts about elephants.
B. To introduce Asian elephants’ features.
C. To call on people to protect elephants.
D. To tell people some animals are in danger.
解析：　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的12 August is World
Elephant Day， which means to help save elephants.可知，世界大象
日旨在呼吁人們保護(hù)大象。
6. Why are elephants unwilling to eat acacia trees？（　　）
A. Because acacia trees are too tall to reach.
B. Because fruit on acacia trees is hard to eat.
C. Because elephants are sensitive to acacia trees.
D. Because elephants’ trunks are easily hurt by ants in the trees.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知，大象不愿意吃
金合歡樹是因為大象的鼻子很容易被樹上的螞蟻弄傷。
7. What do we infer about male elephants？（　　）
A. They can run faster than female ones.
B. They live with female elephants at an early age.
C. They decide where and when their groups move.
D. The strongest male elephant is chosen as their leader.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的Male elephants leave the
female group between the age of 12 and 15.可推知，公象在很小的時
候和母象生活在一起。
8. How do elephants protect their young kids？（　　）
A. By guarding kids when kids sleep.
B. By putting some sand on kids’ heads.
C. By using their trunks to keep bugs off.
D. By patting kids’ backs from time to time.
解析：　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的How do elephants
protect their young？ Adult elephants ...as they sleep.可知，大象在
小象睡覺的時候保護(hù)小象。
C
　　Back in 2019， three Chinese scientists were playfighting during a
break from working in Chongqing Province， China. One was kung-fu
kicked into a rock， causing an opening in the rock face. Inside， a
wonderful fossil （化石） lay undisturbed， preserved for millions of
years.
　　The fossil was a jawed fish， some 439 million years old， and the
findings from the Chongqing site， along with other fossil findings in
nearby Guizhou Province， have excited the science world， as they are
11 million years older than any fish fossil found before. It is a significant
discovery because scientists have suspected that jaws evolved （進(jìn)化）
some 450 million years ago， but there had yet to be any fossils that
supported this theory. The oldest fossils with jaws found were 439 million
years old.
　　In this discovery， though， there was a new species of shark that
was 439 million years old， with a full jaw.
　　“All these things are still like dreams，” said Zhu Min， who led
the research teams that recently published four papers on the discoveries.
“Today we are staring at complete early fishes， 11 million years earlier
than the previous oldest finds. These are both the most exciting as well as
the most challenging fossils I have had the privilege to work on.”
　　Some of the fish that were discovered were placoderms， an extinct
class of fish that have hard plates that formed a shield around the head and
trunk， while others were an ancient type of shark.
　　The scientists found the oldest-known teeth of any vertebrate （脊椎
動物）， 14 million years older than any previous findings， as well as
two other shark descendants. China has been the site of numerous
discoveries in recent years， including fossils of feathered dinosaurs， as
well as the oldest known animals on Earth.
　　“The discovery of the Chongqing site is indeed an unbelievable
miracle of fossil hunting，” Zhu added. “Suddenly we realized we have
found a jaw-dropping fossil site. We are now close to the core of solving
the fishy tree of early jawed vertebrates.”
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。中國古生物學(xué)家在中國重慶和貴州
等地發(fā)現(xiàn)了4.39億年前就有的化石——顎類脊椎動物。文章介紹了
這一發(fā)現(xiàn)的重要意義以及相關(guān)人員對此的看法。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。中國古生物學(xué)家在中國重慶和貴州
等地發(fā)現(xiàn)了4.39億年前就有的化石——顎類脊椎動物。文章介紹了
這一發(fā)現(xiàn)的重要意義以及相關(guān)人員對此的看法。
9. What is the function of the first paragraph？（　　）
A. To witness the wonders of Kung Fu.
B. To describe the background of the text.
C. To introduce a new species of fish.
D. To lead in the main topic of the text.
解析：　推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，第一段是為了引出文章的
話題——發(fā)現(xiàn)目前最古老完整的魚化石。
10. Why is the discovery of the Chongqing site critical？（　　）
A. It focuses on the most challenging fish fossils.
B. It provides evidence of the evolution of jawed fish.
C. It includes fossils of different species of the fish.
D. It traces the origin of the oldest animal on Earth.
解析：　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，重慶遺址的發(fā)
現(xiàn)至關(guān)重要是因為它提供了下顎魚進(jìn)化的證據(jù)。
11. What’s Zhu Min’s attitude towards the discovery of the Chongqing
site？（　　）
A. Unclear. B. Passive.
C. Positive. D. Neutral.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中朱敏所說的The discovery
of the Chongqing site is indeed an unbelievable miracle of fossil
hunting可推知，朱敏對這一發(fā)現(xiàn)持積極態(tài)度。
12. What can be the best title for the text？（　　）
A. The Oldest Fish Fossil Was Discovered Thanks to Kung Fu
B. Kung Fu Has Brought Major Benefits to the Science World
C. China Has Made Numerous Fossil Discoveries Recently
D. Chinese Scientists Strive to Help Finish the Fishy Tree
解析：　標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文尤其是第一段可知，文章主要
介紹了3名中國科學(xué)家在重慶探索，其中一人練過功夫，不小心踢
到一塊巖石，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一塊壯觀的化石，是保存了約4.5億年的鯊魚
祖先化石，這比之前發(fā)現(xiàn)的魚化石早了1，100萬年。
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　Once a friend and I went to a shop in Toronto to do some shopping.Later when we were sitting on a bench resting， an elderly 　13　 woman came and sat down on our bench.
　　She was in her own 　14　.She put her bags on the ground， reached
down and carefully 　15　 her old dirty shoes.As she took her shoes off，
I found that she had plastic bags over her bare feet， which were
bleeding.My friend and I 　16　 looks of horror and pity.I suddenly 　17　 and told my friend that I would be right back.I bought a pair of boots， returned to the 　18　 and placed the package in one of her bags.
　　She didn’t even notice it， as she was still 　19　 her feet.I nodded
to my friend for us to 　20　.We walked away and watched from where
we wouldn’t be 　21　 by her.Soon she found the package.She
carefully opened it； she 　22　 as she felt the boots.Then tears ran down
her cheeks， yet still smiling.She 　23　 put the boots on.
　　How 　24　 that having a simple pair of boots had made such a
difference in her life！ 　25　 also deserve care.How we 　26　 each
other affects what our society and our world 　27　.Nobody should be
forgotten.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者和朋友去多倫多購物時，
遇到一位無家可歸的老太太。作者給老太太買了雙靴子，這讓老太
太感動不已。在這個世界上誰也不該被遺忘。只要人人都獻(xiàn)出一點
愛，世界將變成美好的人間。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者和朋友去多倫多購物時，
遇到一位無家可歸的老太太。作者給老太太買了雙靴子，這讓老太
太感動不已。在這個世界上誰也不該被遺忘。只要人人都獻(xiàn)出一點
愛，世界將變成美好的人間。
13. A. selfish B. homeless
C. stupid D. crazy
解析：　根據(jù)下文描述的老太太的穿著打扮可推知，她無家
可歸。
14. A. village B. town
C. world D. home
解析：　根據(jù)第一段最后一句和第三段第一句可知，作者給老
太太買了雙靴子放在她的包里，她甚至都沒有注意到這件事。由
此可推知，老太太坐在長椅上沉浸在自己的世界里。in one’s
own world意為“沉浸在某人自己的世界里”。
15. A. removed B. repaired
C. cleaned D. stored
解析： 　根據(jù)下一句中的As she took her shoes off可知，老太太
脫掉了鞋子。
16. A. discovered B. exchanged
C. provided D. ignored
解析： 　根據(jù)上一句可知，老太太腳上裹著塑料袋，腳在流
血。由此可推知，作者和朋友看到這一幕后很震驚，很同情老太
太，因此作者和朋友交換了震驚和同情的眼神。
17. A. jumped B. escaped
C. laughed D. stood
解析： 　根據(jù)第一段中的we were sitting on a bench resting和空后
的I would be right back可知，作者原本是坐著的，突然站了起來。
18. A. bench B. playground
C. church D. hospital
解析： 　根據(jù)第一段中的we were sitting on a bench resting
和空前的returned可知，作者買了雙靴子，然后回到剛才坐著
的長椅那里。
19. A. showing off B. looking for
C. dealing with D. talking about
解析：　根據(jù)第二段中的she had plastic bags over her bare feet，
which were bleeding和空前的She didn’t even notice it可知，老太
太在處理自己流血的腳。
20. A. leave B. relax
C. improve D. attack
解析：　根據(jù)下一句中的We walked away可知，作者向朋友點頭
示意她們離開。
21. A. seen B. understood
C. followed D. injured
解析： 　根據(jù)語境可知，作者和朋友在不會被老太太看見的地
方注視著她。
22. A. agreed B. screamed
C. smiled D. complained
解析： 　根據(jù)下一句中的yet still smiling可知，老太太摸著靴子
時笑了。
23. A. secretly B. curiously
C. carefully D. naturally
解析： 　根據(jù)上文可知，老太太生活非常艱難，因此她應(yīng)是小
心翼翼地穿上作者送的靴子。
24. A. fortunate B. sad
C. funny D. exciting
解析： 　根據(jù)上一段可知，老太太看到作者送的一雙新靴子就
感動得流淚，這讓作者感到難過。
25. A. Prisoners B. Foreigners
C. Visitors D. Strangers
解析： 　對于作者來說，老太太是一個陌生人。此處指作者認(rèn)
為，陌生人也應(yīng)得到關(guān)心。
26. A. admire B. treat C. judge D. serve
解析： 　作者幫助了可憐的老太太，由此感慨，我們?nèi)绾螌Υ?br/>彼此會影響我們的社會和世界變成什么樣。
27. A. focus B. use
C. imagine D. become
解析： 　參見上題解析。
謝謝觀看！

展開更多......

收起↑