資源簡介

Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
維度一：品句填詞
1.Drawing out the extract， she found a 　　　　　（物質） that worked.
2.He said he had not discussed the matter with her.　　　　　　　　　　 （此外）， he had not even contacted her.
3.A m　　　　　　 is a metric unit of length that is equal to one tenth of a centimetre or one thousandth of a metre.
4.They are specially packaged so that they s　　　　 easily.
維度二：詞形轉換
1.The 　　　　　　　　（note） improvement was attributed to her daily practice and dedication.
2.They accidentally damaged a gas pipe while 　　　　　　（drill）.
3.She’s doing the 　　　　　　（equivalence） job in the new company but for more money.
維度三：固定搭配和句式
1.He seldom， 　　　　　　（如果有的話）， makes mistakes in his English compositions.
2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （一對年邁的夫婦坐在窗前）， from which they could admire the endless mountains in the distance.
3.He 　　　　　　　　　　　　　（保持紀錄） for the longest consecutive （連續的） amount of time spent in space.
4.The price is ten times what it normally is and totally 　　　　　　　　　　　　（超出……的能力） ordinary people.
5.It was a bright clear morning when we at last 　　　　　　　　（啟航） in the ship.
6.Social networks 　　　　　　　　　　　　　（提供了……一個窗口） how people live their lives.
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　“Some inconspicuous （不起眼的） artifacts， once unearthed and cleaned， can transport me back across time as I touch them. It’s as though I were in the same space with ancient people who lived millions of years ago.” This is what Xu Danyang， a young member of the Communist Party of China responsible for excavation of the No. 4 sacrificial pit （祭祀坑） at the Sanxingdui ruins site in Deyang， Sichuan Province， says of his view of his job.
　　Archaeology used to be a field few university students wanted to study， Xu says. However， discoveries at Sanxingdui have changed students’ preconceptions.The increasing popularity of Sanxingdui is a good thing， Xu says. The reason why the site has attracted international attention is that bronze ware and gold decorations unearthed there have given people fresh glimpses of the ancient Shu Kingdom， illustrating the inclusiveness of Chinese civilization.
　　Speaking of the pit team， Xu says more than half the members were born in the 1990s. The daily work of Xu and his team can be split into two parts： the indoor work of reorganizing materials and conducting research， and the outdoor archaeological fieldwork， both of which require great meticulousness （謹小慎微）. The process of dig needs careful teamwork， and everyone performs their duties extremely. One does not expect quick success or instant rewards. So patience is a must. The infinite nature of human history can be reflected as one connects seemingly insignificant discoveries.
1.What does the underlined word “excavation” in Paragraph 1 mean？（　　）
A.Discovery. B.Dig.
C.Invention. D.Breakthrough.
2.What effect have the discoveries at Sanxingdui had on students’ view of archaeology？（　　）
A.Decreased interest in studying archaeology.
B.No change in people’s view.
C.Decreased attention on Sanxingdui.
D.Increased interest in studying archaeology.
3.What has attracted international attention to the Sanxingdui ruins site？（　　）
A.Unearthed bronze ware and gold decorations.
B.Careful teamwork.
C.Xu Danyang’s view of his job.
D.The inclusive nature of Chinese civilization.
4.What quality is crucial for success in the field of archaeology？（　　）
A.Quick success and instant rewards.
B.Careful teamwork and patience.
C.Decreased attention.
D.Reorganizing materials.
B
　　How many things can you see in the night sky？ A lot！ On a clear night you might see the Moon， some planets， and thousands of sparkling stars.
　　You can see even more with a telescope.You might see stars where you only saw dark space before.You might see that many stars look larger than others.You might see that some stars that look white are really red or blue.With bigger and bigger telescopes you can see more and more objects in the sky.And you can see those objects in more and more detail.
　　But scientists believe there are some things in the sky that we will never see.We won’t see them with the biggest telescope in the world， on the clearest night of the year.
　　That’s because they’re invisible.They’re the mysterious dead stars called black holes.
　　You might find it hard to imagine that stars die.After all， our Sun is a star.Year after year we see it up in the sky， burning brightly， giving us heat and light.The Sun certainly doesn’t seem to be getting old or weak.But stars do burn out and die after billions of years.
　　As a star’s gases burn， they give off light and heat.But when the gas runs out， the star stops burning and begins to die.
　　As the star cools， the outer layers of the star pull in towards the center.The star squashes into a smaller and smaller ball.If the star was very small， the star ends up as a cold， dark ball called a black dwarf.If the star was very big， it keeps squashing inward until it’s packed together tighter than anything in the universe.
　　Imagine if the Earth were crushed until it was the size of a tiny marble.That’s how tightly this dead star， a black hole， is packed.What pulls the star in towards its center with such power？ It’s the same force that pulls you down when you jump — the force called gravity.A black hole is so tightly packed that its gravity sucks in everything — even light.The light from a black hole can never come back to your eyes.That’s why you see nothing but blackness.
　　So the next time you stare up at the night sky， remember： there’s more in the sky than meets the eyes！ Scattered in the silent darkness are black holes — the great mystery of space.
5.According to the article， what causes a star to die？（　　）
A.As its gases run out， it cools down.
B.It crashes into other stars.
C.It can only live for about a million years.
D.As it gets hotter and hotter， it explodes.
6.What do Paragraphs 6 and 7 mainly tell us？（　　）
A.What a black hole is.
B.Why we can’t see black holes.
C.Black holes have enormous gravity.
D.The formation of black holes.
7.What happens after a star dies？（　　）
A.It burns up all of its gases.
B.It becomes invisible.
C.It falls to the Earth.
D.It becomes brighter and easier to see.
8.Why can’t you see light when you look at a black hole？（　　）
A.Most black holes are so far away.
B.Because the gravity of a black hole is so strong that it sucks the light inward.
C.Because as the star’s gases burn， it stops giving off heat and light.
D.Because as a star cools， its outer layers pull in towards its center.
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
Let’s learn about ancient technology
　　Where we live is surrounded by technology. 9.（　　） And you’re probably reading this over the Internet， where the information reached you almost instantly. With all that tech surrounding us， it’s easy to wonder how ancient people got anything done.
　　All of our modern things， however， are based on older technologies. And those were based on still older ones. Ancient people didn’t have large machinery and equipment. 10.（　　） And ancient Egyptians built the pyramids — with huge mystery rooms inside.
　　Not all of these technologies were limited to modern people. The first “kitchen” flames are older still. Ancient human relatives were cooking food over fires in Europe 800，000 years ago. The first spear throwers （擲矛者） threw their weapons 279，000 years ago before modern humans existed.
　　11.（　　） However， then came the discovery of 279，000-year-old stone spear in Ethiopia （埃塞俄比亞）. These pushed that date back. And now it suggests even prehuman species hunted with stone spears.
　　Scientists have been trying to figure out how ancient people developed their tools and built their cities and monuments. 12.（　　） They are also recreating ancient techniques themselves — from rolling pyramid rocks to testing out ancient tar （瀝青） recipes. Scientists detected mystery hole in Great Pyramid of Giza. Using high-tech tools normally reserved for particle physics research， scientists have found a large， hidden hole inside Egypt’s Great Pyramid of Giza. 13.（　　）
A.Ancient people are really clever.
B.Not all of these technologies are useful.
C.Yet they built monuments even bigger than Stonehenge.
D.They use modern technologies to search for Mayan cities.
E.For example， we are surrounded by skyscrapers and the Internet.
F.Scientists believed the ancient living 80，000 years ago began to throw stone spears.
G.They have made great discoveries， but there is still a lot waiting to be discovered.
Ⅲ.應用文寫作
　　假定你是李華，你的英國筆友Jack對世界各地的怪坡很感興趣。請你根據下表給出的信息給他介紹一下中國沈陽的怪坡。
位置 位于沈陽市
簡介 長80余米，寬約25米。各種車輛到此下坡不開不走，而上坡不用開卻自然向坡上行走
專家 解釋 有的說是磁場（magnetic fields）作用，還有的說是視錯覺（optical illusions），但各種說法相互矛盾，沒有令人滿意的解釋
注意：1.寫作詞數應為80左右；
2.請按如下格式作答。
Dear Jack，
　　I am happy to hear from you again.　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
Yours，
Li Hua
Ⅳ.讀后續寫
　　閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。
Not Without My Mama
　　Thirty-eight. That was how many stray cats （流浪貓） I had been feeding on the street where I lived. I loved them all， but I did have a favorite. A gigantic yellow cat with blue eyes had seized my heart.
　　I named him Butterball. Often， Butterball would try to jump in my car when I arrived home or come inside my house. I wished that I could bring him inside， but it was not allowed where I lived.
　　Week after week， I fed the large group of cats. Mostly， none of them wanted to be touched. They would eat in a hurry and leave， but not Butterball. He would stick around for head scratches （抓撓）， purring （發出呼嚕聲） loudly. I noticed that he was always in the company of a small Calico cat.
　　Though not as friendly， she was touchable.
　　One day， my dream came true — I bought my own house. The cats， especially Butterball， watched anxiously as I started moving my things to my new home. I began to be away longer as I set up the new place， but I never forgot to go back and feed them every night. Butterball would jump in my car and try to get in extra hugs.
　　Sometimes， I found him amongst the boxes in the back when I came out with another load. As I packed up the very last load and set out the cats’ nightly dinner， I paused before leaving.
　　The nights were starting to get cold， and soon winter would be upon us. Upstate New York winters can be bitter. Butterball seemed to know I was leaving for good. I peered into his blue eyes and told him， “I will come back for you.” He turned away as if he didn’t believe me.
　　The next day， I returned with a group of friends. We set out a bunch of humane traps and caught the strays one by one. We transported them to a no-kill shelter. All， except Butterball.
注意：1.續寫詞數應為150左右；
2.請按如下格式作答。
　　I intended to take Butterball to my new home.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　Surprisedly， I followed him to the bush and found Calico.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
基礎知識自測
維度一
1.substance　2.Furthermore　3.millimetre　4.stack
維度二
1.notable　2.drilling　3.equivalent
維度三
1.if any
2.In front of the window was sitting an old couple
3.holds/held the record
4.beyond the reach of
5.set sail
6.offer a window into
素養能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。負責挖掘四川省德陽市三星堆遺址4號祭祀坑的許丹陽談論了他對考古學的看法，考古過程需要精心的團隊合作和耐心。
1.B　詞義猜測題。根據第一段前兩句以及畫線詞后的the No.4 sacrificial pit（祭祀坑） at the Sanxingdui ruins site in Deyang可推知，許丹陽是負責四川德陽三星堆遺址4號祭祀坑挖掘工作的。由此推測，畫線詞excavation意為“挖掘”，和dig意思相近。
2.D　推理判斷題。根據第二段前兩句可知，考古曾經是一個很少有大學生想學的領域。然而，三星堆的發現改變了學生們的成見。由此推斷，三星堆的發現對學生們的考古學觀的影響是學生們對學習考古的興趣增加了。
3.A　細節理解題。根據第二段最后一句可知，該遺址吸引國際關注的原因是那里出土的青銅器和金飾讓人們對古蜀國有了新的認識。
4.B　細節理解題。根據第三段第三、四、五句可知，在考古領域取得成功的關鍵素質是細心的團隊合作和耐心。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了神秘死星——在一年里最晴朗的夜晚，我們用最大的望遠鏡也看不到這些死去的星星，并說明了神秘死星即黑洞形成的過程。
5.A　細節理解題。根據第六段內容可知，當氣體耗盡時，星星就會冷卻下來，死亡。
6.D　段落大意題。根據第六、七段內容可知，這兩段主要告訴我們黑洞的形成。
7.B　推理判斷題。根據第四段內容可推斷出，星星死后，就變得看不見了。
8.B　細節理解題。根據倒數第二段中的A black hole is so tightly packed ...nothing but blackness.可知，因為黑洞的引力很強，它把光吸進去了，所以看黑洞時看不到光。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了古代一些非常了不起的科技。
9.E　根據上句可知，本句承接上文對被科技所包圍進行舉例說明。E項（例如，我們被摩天大樓和互聯網包圍了）符合語境。
10.C　根據上文All of our modern things ...machinery and equipment.并結合下句可知，本句與上文構成轉折，指出古人的偉大之處。C項（然而他們建造了比巨石陣更大的古跡）承接上文。
11.F　根據本段內容可知，本段講述了石矛的使用時間。F項（科學家認為，8萬年前的古人開始投擲石矛）統領全段。
12.D　根據上句可知，本句應承接上句說明科學家是如何尋找的。D項（他們使用現代技術尋找瑪雅城市）承接上文。
13.G　根據空前兩句可知，本句應對上文科學家的發現進行總結：雖然他們已經有了重大發現，但他們知道還有很多東西等著被發現。G項總結全文，符合語境。
Ⅲ.
Dear Jack，
I am happy to hear from you again.I would like to share some interesting information about the Shenyang Strange Slope with you.
It is over 80 metres long and around 25 metres wide.Cars can run to the top of the slope without using the engine.The contrary occurs when cars attempt to drift downwards.Experts have attempted to solve the mystery.Commonly they believe this phenomenon results from magnetic fields and optical illusions.Due to lack of a satisfactory explanation， the Strange Slope is still regarded as a mystery.
I hope you can visit the Shenyang Strange Slope some day with me.
Yours，
Li Hua
Ⅳ.
　　I intended to take Butterball to my new home. Butterball seemed very happy to see me again. He wandered over and jumped into my car as usual. But when I tried to close the door， he jumped out and walked off toward the bushes. It looked as if he was going to look for something. I wondered why he was acting so strangely， and decided to keep following it. I followed， looking forward to making new discoveries.
　　Surprisedly， I followed him to the bush and found Calico. When he reached the bushes， Calico came out to join him and they both looked at me. I realized that Butterball was not going anywhere without Calico. Gently， I picked up Calico. Butterball followed me. I posted pictures of my cats online. I was surprised when I read a comment from my former neighbor，“I am so glad that you took in the big cat and his mama， too.” At that moment I understood everything.
4 / 5Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
DIVING DEEP
Lying under waters across the globe are an estimated three million shipwrecks①.All of them represent② attempts over the centuries to explore Earth’s furthest corners.[1] Among these is the Esmeralda， the earliest wreck from the age of the European exploration of Asia.Today， some 500 years after the Esmeralda set sail， there is little — if any — land on our planet left unexplored③.We have more detailed maps of the Moon， and even of Venus and Mars， than we do of Earth’s own sea bed.
[2]Given④ our limited knowledge， it is perhaps no surprise that exploration of the oceans continues to lead to discoveries in various scientific fields.As with the discovery of the Esmeralda， many archaeological⑤ finds⑥ are made in shallow⑦ waters near the coast.These may sometimes include whole cities buried beneath the waves⑧.One such find is the ancient Roman city of Ne polis， discovered off the coast of Tunisia.Believed to have been buried underwater by a tsunami in the fourth century AD， the ruins⑨ of Ne polis are almost 2，000 years old.The remaining⑩ streets and buildings offer a window into a fascinating period in our history.However， we are only beginning to overcome the challenges of pressure， darkness and extreme cold at vast depths .Fragments of the past lying deep beneath the oceans are still waiting to be discovered.
　　[1]本句為完全倒裝句。the earliest wreck from the age of the European exploration of Asia為 Esmeralda的同位語。
[2]句中that引導主語從句，it作形式主語。
Amazing biological discoveries are also being made.The dark zones of the oceans may contain up to 90 per cent of the planet’s fish.[3] In these waters， more than 200 metres deep， where light cannot reach， are extraordinary creatures that appear as if they are straight out of science fiction.Imagine bone-white coral 6，000 metres below the ocean’s surface， growing at the rate of only one or two millimetres per year.Some of these could be 4，000 years old.Swimming through these black depths is the barreleye， a strange fish with eyes that can look upwards through its transparent forehead.In the very deepest ocean trenches that are more than 8，000 metres below the surface， the pressure is equivalent to 50 aeroplanes stacked one on top of another.Yet there is still life to be found， even around the deep-sea volcanic openings.These discoveries all help us understand the capacity for life on our planet， even in the most extreme circumstances.
[4]Furthermore， the oceans are a valuable source of natural resources， some of which are completely new to us.Most notable of these is China’s discovery of an ice-like substance ， known as “fire ice”， under the South China Sea.In addition， China’s underwater vessels， such as the Jiaolong and Shenhai Yongshi， have been exploring waters at depths of thousands of metres.The Jiaolong even holds the record for the deepest dive by a manned submarine， at 7，062 metres， giving China its place alongside the world’s top ocean explorers.[5] The research conducted by these vessels is giving scientists a greater understanding of how the sea bed was formed， as well as helping identify areas for deep-sea drilling， taking deep-sea exploration into a whole new era.
Being a tough environment of complete darkness， enormous pressure and intense cold， the ocean depths have long been beyond the reach of human exploration.However， through closer international scientific， economic and cultural cooperation ， we are all becoming part of a global mission to open up our planet’s final frontier .Humankind is entering a new age of oceanic discovery， and the world beneath the waves may one day be almost as familiar to us as the land we walk upon today.
　　[3]本句為表示地點的介詞短語位于句首的倒裝句；where引導非限制性定語從句；that引導定語從句，修飾先行詞creatures；as if引導表語從句。
[4]本句為復合句。some of which ...為“代詞＋介詞＋關系代詞”引導的定語從句。
[5]本句為復合句。句子主干為The research is giving scientists a greater understanding of ...as well as helping ...； conducted by these vessels為過去分詞短語作后置定語；how the sea bed was formed為how引導的賓語從句。
【讀文清障】
①shipwreck n.失事的船；沉船
②represent v.代表
③unexplored adj.無人涉足的
④given prep.鑒于
⑤archaeological adj.考古學的；考古的
⑥find n.發現
⑦shallow adj.淺的
⑧beneath the waves
在海浪下
⑨ruin n.廢墟
⑩remaining adj.剩下的，余下的
extreme adj.極度的，極端的
depth n.深處；深度
fragment n.碎片；片段
biological adj.生物的；生物學的
at the rate of
以……的速度
transparent adj.透明的
trench n.海溝
be equivalent to
相當于，等于
stack v.（使）整齊地堆起；摞起
capacity n.能力，承受力
notable adj.顯要的；顯著的；值得注意的
substance n.物質
hold the record
保持紀錄
conduct v.實施，執行
identify v.確定；找到，發現
a tough environment
惡劣的環境
enormous adj.巨大的
intense adj.十分強烈的，極度的
beyond the reach of 無法達到；超過……能力之外
cooperation n.合作
mission n.任務，使命
frontier n.邊疆；（學科或活動的）尖端，邊緣
【參考譯文】
潛入深海
全球水域下大約沉睡著三百萬艘沉船殘骸，每艘都代表了若干世紀以來探索地球最遠端的努力嘗試。其中就包括了“埃斯梅拉達”號，它是歐洲國家探索亞洲時代留下的最早殘骸。如今，距離“埃斯梅拉達”號起航已有500多年，我們星球上尚未被人類探索的土地已經少之又少了。然而，我們手中關于地球自身海底的地圖，甚至比不上關于月球乃至金星、火星的天體圖詳盡。
基于我們有限的認知，探索海洋可以帶來許多科學領域的新發現，這也許就顯得不足為奇了。就像發現“埃斯梅拉達”號的殘骸一樣，很多考古學發現都發生在近海岸的淺水水域。這些發現有時會包括埋在海浪下的整座城市，其中之一便是在突尼斯近海發現的古羅馬城市奈阿波利斯。據悉，在公元4世紀，奈阿波利斯被一場海嘯淹沒，其廢墟至今已有近2，000年的歷史。存留下來的街道、建筑為我們打開了一扇窗，讓我們得以窺見那段精彩的歷史。然而，我們才剛剛開始克服廣袤的海洋深處的壓強、黑暗和極寒所帶來的挑戰。過去的碎片仍深藏在大洋底部，等待被發現。
　　生物學領域也有驚人的發現。海洋的黑暗區域里或許生存著多達地球上90%的魚類。在200多米以下，陽光照不到的深水水域里，住著一些看起來就像是直接從科幻小說中走出來的奇異的生物。想象一下，在海平面下6，000米深處，骨白色的珊瑚以每年僅一到兩毫米的速度緩慢生長著，它們中有些已經存活了4，000年。
漆黑的深海里管眼魚游來游去，這是種奇特的魚，其眼睛可以透過透明的前額向上看。在海平面以下8，000多米處最深的海溝里，壓強相當于50架飛機堆疊在一起。然而這里仍有生命的存在，甚至在深海海底的火山口周圍也有生命。這些深海發現幫助我們理解地球上生命的承受力，甚至是在最極端的環境下的承受力。
　　此外，海洋還包含著珍貴的自然資源，其中一些對我們來說完全是新的資源。最值得一提的便是中國在南海發現的被稱為“可燃冰”的冰狀物質。此外，中國的水下艦艇如“蛟龍”號和“深海勇士”號，一直在數千米深的水域探索。“蛟龍”號甚至保持著載人潛艦的最深下潛紀錄7，062米，使中國躋身于世界頂級海洋探索國之列。借助這些潛水器所完成的研究有利于科學家進一步了解海床的形成過程，幫助確定深海鉆探區域，將深海勘探帶入一個嶄新的時代。
　　深海區域環境惡劣，完全黑暗、壓強極大、極度寒冷，長期以來都是人類探索無法企及的區域。然而，通過更緊密的國際科學、經濟以及文化合作，我們都在成為開拓地球最后疆域這一全球使命的參與者。人類正走向海洋發現的新時代，或許有朝一日，我們會像熟悉腳下的土地一樣熟悉那海浪下的世界。
第一步：析架構理清脈絡
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks.
第二步：知細節明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What is the author’s attitude to ocean exploration？ （　　）
A.Indifferent.　　　 B.Optimistic.
C.Pessimistic. D.Cautious.
2.What can’t we infer from the first paragraph？（　　）
A.The Esmeralda set sail in the 16th century.
B.After the Esmeralda， humans have made much progress in exploring Earth’s furthest corner.
C.The Esmeralda represents attempts to explore the Earth’s furthest corner.
D.There is still a little unexplored land on our planet.
3.The following have been discovered in the ocean depth EXCEPT 　　　.（　　）
A.natural resources
B.extraordinary creatures
C.shipwrecks
D.fragments of the past
4.Why does the author give the examples of China？ （　　）
A.To show how powerful our country is.
B.To show the progress our country has made.
C.To show the oceans can provide priceless natural resources.
D.To show how the sea bed is formed.
第三步：析難句表達升級
1.Swimming through these black depths is the barreleye， a strange fish with eyes that can look upwards through its transparent forehead.
句式分析 句中Swimming through these black depths is the barreleye為　　　　　　句，a strange fish作the barreleye的　　　　語，that引導　　　　從句。
自主翻譯 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　
2.In the very deepest ocean trenches that are more than 8，000 metres below the surface， the pressure is equivalent to 50 aeroplanes stacked one on top of another.
句式分析 句中that引導　　　　從句，修飾先行詞ocean trenches；過去分詞短語stacked one on top of another作　　　　　　。
自主翻譯 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　
Part Ⅰ　核心詞匯集釋
be equivalent to 等于，相當于
【教材原句】　 ...the pressure is equivalent to 50 aeroplanes stacked one on top of another.
……壓強相當于50架飛機堆疊在一起。
【用法】
（1）equivalent adj.　 等同的；等值的；相當的 n. 相等的東西；等量；對應詞 the equivalent of/to sth 等于 （2）equivalence n. （用途、功能、尺寸、價值等）相等，對等，相同
【佳句】　Eight kilometres is roughly equivalent to five miles.
八千米約等于五英里。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Many people believe that being wealthy is equivalent 　　　　　　gaining success.
②Here is a simple example showing the 　　　　（equivalent） of the two methods.
【寫美】　補全句子
③Breathing such polluted air is 　　　　　　　　　　　smoking ten cigarettes a day.
呼吸污染這么嚴重的空氣等于每天抽十支煙。
notable adj.顯要的；顯著的；值得注意的n.名人
【教材原句】　Most notable of these is China’s discovery of an ice-like substance， known as “fire ice”， under the South China Sea.最值得一提的便是中國在南海發現的被稱為“可燃冰”的冰狀物質。
【用法】
（1）notably adv.　　　顯著地；尤其 （2）noted adj. 著名的；顯著的 be noted for/as ... 因/作為……而聞名 （3）note vt. 注意，記錄，注解 n. 筆記 take notes 做筆記
【佳句】　He also said that there was a notable quote：“Heroes come from the people.Every person is remarkable.”
他還說，有一句名言值得注意：“英雄來自人民。每個人都是非凡的。”
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The proposed new structure is 　　　　　（note） not only for its height， but for its shape.
②This has not been a 　　　　　　（notable） successful project.
③The hotel restaurant is noted 　　　　　　its excellent cuisine.
【寫美】　補全句子
④Since it was founded in 1911， Tsinghua University has produced 　　　　　　　　　in science， business， academia and culture.
自1911年建校以來，清華大學培養了許多科學、商業、學術和文化領域的杰出領袖。
hold the record 保持紀錄
【教材原句】　The Jiaolong even holds the record for the deepest dive by a manned submarine ...
“蛟龍”號甚至保持著載人潛艦的最深下潛紀錄……
【用法】
（1）break a record　　　　打破紀錄 hold/keep a record 保持紀錄 set a record 創紀錄 keep records/a record of 記錄；把……記錄下來 on record 有記錄的，記錄在案的 （2）it is recorded that ... 據記載……
【佳句】　I don’t know who previously held the record.我不知道誰以前保持的這個記錄。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①He planted a little apple tree and kept 　　　　（record） of its growth every month.
②It was the warmest year 　　　　　record， with global temperature 0.68 ℃ above the average.
【寫美】　補全句子
③Congratulations to her for completing this very difficult challenge and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， too.祝賀她完成了這個非常困難的挑戰，并且也創造了一項新紀錄。
Part Ⅱ　重點句型解構
句型公式：作表語的動詞-ing形式置于句首引起的完全倒裝句
【教材原句】　Lying under waters across the globe are an estimated three million shipwrecks.
全球水域下大約沉睡著三百萬艘沉船殘骸。
【用法】
本句是一個完全倒裝句，An estimated three million shipwrecks are lying under waters across the globe.是其正常語序。作表語的分詞或形容詞，有時可以移到句首，對動作或狀態加以強調。
【品悟】　Look！Moving under the bridge are a group of sheep.
看！一群羊正在橋下走動。
【寫美】　微寫作
①站在演講廳前面的是一位來自澳大利亞的著名科學家。（日常活動）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 a famous scientist from Australia.
②躺在地板上的是一個受傷的農家男孩。（動作描寫）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 a wounded peasant boy.
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖語篇】
第一步
1.to have been buried　2.offer a window into　
3.to be discovered　4.capacity　5.natural resources　
6.understanding　7.identify　8.familiar
第二步
1－4　BDDC
第三步
1.完全倒裝　同位　定語　漆黑的深海里管眼魚游來游去，這是種奇特的魚，其眼睛可以透過透明的前額向上看。
2.定語　后置定語　在海平面以下8，000多米處最深的海溝里，壓強相當于50架飛機堆疊在一起。
【核心知識·巧突破】
核心詞匯集釋
1.①to　②equivalence　③the equivalent of/to
2.①notable　②notably　③for/as　④many notable leaders
3.①records　②on　③setting a new record
重點句型解構
①Standing in the front of the lecture hall is　②Lying on the floor is
7 / 7(共86張PPT)
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
1
篇章助解·釋疑難
目 錄
2
文本透析·剖語篇
4
課時檢測·提能力
3
核心知識·巧突破
篇章助解·釋疑難
力推課前預習
1
DIVING DEEP
　　Lying under waters across the globe are an estimated three million
shipwrecks①.All of them represent② attempts over the centuries to explore
Earth’s furthest corners.[1] Among these is the Esmeralda， the earliest
wreck from the age of the European exploration of Asia.Today， some
500 years after the Esmeralda set sail， there is little — if any — land on
our planet left unexplored③.We have more detailed maps of the Moon，
and even of Venus and Mars， than we do of Earth’s own sea bed.
　　[2]Given④ our limited knowledge， it is perhaps no surprise that
exploration of the oceans continues to lead to discoveries in various
scientific fields.As with the discovery of the Esmeralda， many
archaeological⑤ finds⑥ are made in shallow⑦ waters near the coast.These
may sometimes include whole cities buried beneath the waves⑧.One such
find is the ancient Roman city of Ne polis， discovered off the coast of
Tunisia.Believed to have been buried underwater by a tsunami in the
fourth century AD， the ruins⑨ of Ne polis are almost 2，000 years
old.The remaining⑩ streets and buildings offer a window into a fascinating
period in our history.However， we are only beginning to overcome the
challenges of pressure， darkness and extreme cold at vast depths
.Fragments of the past lying deep beneath the oceans are still waiting
to be discovered.
　　[1]本句為完全倒裝句。the earliest wreck from the age of the
European exploration of Asia為 Esmeralda的同位語。
　　[2]句中that引導主語從句，it作形式主語。
【讀文清障】
①shipwreck n.失事的船；沉船
②represent v.代表
③unexplored adj.無人涉足的
④given prep.鑒于
⑤archaeological adj.考古學的；考古的
⑥find n.發現
⑦shallow adj.淺的
⑧beneath the waves在海浪下
⑨ruin n.廢墟
⑩remaining adj.剩下的，余下的
extreme adj.極度的，極端的
depth n.深處；深度
fragment n.碎片；片段
　　Amazing biological discoveries are also being made.The dark zones
of the oceans may contain up to 90 per cent of the planet’s fish.[3] In
these waters， more than 200 metres deep， where light cannot reach，
are extraordinary creatures that appear as if they are straight out of science
fiction.Imagine bone-white coral 6，000 metres below the ocean’s
surface， growing at the rate of only one or two millimetres per
year.Some of these could be 4，000 years old.Swimming through these
black depths is the barreleye， a strange fish with eyes that can look
upwards through its transparent forehead.In the very deepest ocean
trenches that are more than 8，000 metres below the surface，
the pressure is equivalent to 50 aeroplanes stacked one on top of
another.Yet there is still life to be found， even around the deep-sea
volcanic openings.These discoveries all help us understand the capacity
for life on our planet， even in the most extreme circumstances.
　　[4]Furthermore， the oceans are a valuable source of natural
resources， some of which are completely new to us.Most notable of
these is China’s discovery of an ice-like substance ， known as “fire
ice”， under the South China Sea.In addition， China’s underwater
vessels， such as the Jiaolong and Shenhai Yongshi， have been exploring
waters at depths of thousands of metres.The Jiaolong even holds the
record for the deepest dive by a manned submarine， at 7，062 metres，
giving China its place alongside the world’s top ocean explorers.[5] The
research conducted by these vessels is giving scientists a greater
understanding of how the sea bed was formed， as well as helping identify
areas for deep-sea drilling， taking deep-sea exploration into a whole
new era.
　　Being a tough environment of complete darkness， enormous
pressure and intense cold， the ocean depths have long been beyond the
reach of human exploration.However， through closer international
scientific， economic and cultural cooperation ， we are all becoming
part of a global mission to open up our planet’s final frontier
.Humankind is entering a new age of oceanic discovery， and the world
beneath the waves may one day be almost as familiar to us as the land we
walk upon today.
　　[3]本句為表示地點的介詞短語位于句首的倒裝句；where引導非
限制性定語從句；that引導定語從句，修飾先行詞creatures；as if引導
表語從句。
　　[4]本句為復合句。some of which ...為“代詞＋介詞＋關系代
詞”引導的定語從句。
　　[5]本句為復合句。句子主干為The research is giving scientists a
greater understanding of ...as well as helping ...； conducted by these
vessels為過去分詞短語作后置定語；how the sea bed was formed為how
引導的賓語從句。
biological adj.生物的；生物學的
at the rate of以……的速度
transparent adj.透明的
trench n.海溝
be equivalent to相當于，等于
stack v.（使）整齊地堆起；摞起
capacity n.能力，承受力
notable adj.顯要的；顯著的；值得注意的
substance n.物質
hold the record保持紀錄
conduct v.實施，執行
identify v.確定；找到，發現
a tough environment惡劣的環境
enormous adj.巨大的
intense adj.十分強烈的，極度的
beyond the reach of 無法達到；超過……能力之外
cooperation n.合作
mission n.任務，使命
frontier n.邊疆；（學科或活動的）尖端，邊緣
　　全球水域下大約沉睡著三百萬艘沉船殘骸，每艘都代表了若干世
紀以來探索地球最遠端的努力嘗試。其中就包括了“埃斯梅拉達”
號，它是歐洲國家探索亞洲時代留下的最早殘骸。如今，距離“埃斯
梅拉達”號起航已有500多年，我們星球上尚未被人類探索的土地已
經少之又少了。然而，我們手中關于地球自身海底的地圖，甚至比不
上關于月球乃至金星、火星的天體圖詳盡。
【參考譯文】
潛入深海
　　基于我們有限的認知，探索海洋可以帶來許多科學領域的新發
現，這也許就顯得不足為奇了。就像發現“埃斯梅拉達”號的殘骸一
樣，很多考古學發現都發生在近海岸的淺水水域。這些發現有時會包
括埋在海浪下的整座城市，其中之一便是在突尼斯近海發現的古羅馬
城市奈阿波利斯。據悉，在公元4世紀，奈阿波利斯被一場海嘯淹
沒，其廢墟至今已有近2，000年的歷史。存留下來的街道、建筑為我
們打開了一扇窗，讓我們得以窺見那段精彩的歷史。然而，我們才剛
剛開始克服廣袤的海洋深處的壓強、黑暗和極寒所帶來的挑戰。過去
的碎片仍深藏在大洋底部，等待被發現。
　　生物學領域也有驚人的發現。海洋的黑暗區域里或許生存著多達
地球上90%的魚類。在200多米以下，陽光照不到的深水水域里，住著
一些看起來就像是直接從科幻小說中走出來的奇異的生物。想象一
下，在海平面下6，000米深處，骨白色的珊瑚以每年僅一到兩毫米的
速度緩慢生長著，它們中有些已經存活了4，000年。漆黑的深海里管
眼魚游來游去，這是種奇特的魚，其眼睛可以透過透明的前額向上
看。在海平面以下8，000多米處最深的海溝里，壓強相當于50架飛機
堆疊在一起。然而這里仍有生命的存在，甚至在深海海底的火山口周
圍也有生命。這些深海發現幫助我們理解地球上生命的承受力，甚至
是在最極端的環境下的承受力。
　　此外，海洋還包含著珍貴的自然資源，其中一些對我們來說完全
是新的資源。最值得一提的便是中國在南海發現的被稱為“可燃冰”
的冰狀物質。此外，中國的水下艦艇如“蛟龍”號和“深海勇士”
號，一直在數千米深的水域探索。“蛟龍”號甚至保持著載人潛艦的
最深下潛紀錄7，062米，使中國躋身于世界頂級海洋探索國之列。借
助這些潛水器所完成的研究有利于科學家進一步了解海床的形成過
程，幫助確定深海鉆探區域，將深海勘探帶入一個嶄新的時代。
　　深海區域環境惡劣，完全黑暗、壓強極大、極度寒冷，長期以來
都是人類探索無法企及的區域。然而，通過更緊密的國際科學、經濟
以及文化合作，我們都在成為開拓地球最后疆域這一全球使命的參與
者。人類正走向海洋發現的新時代，或許有朝一日，我們會像熟悉腳
下的土地一樣熟悉那海浪下的世界。
文本透析·剖語篇
助力語篇理解
2
第一步：析架構理清脈絡
Read the passage quickly
and fill in the blanks.
第二步：知細節明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1. What is the author’s attitude to ocean exploration？ （　　）
A. Indifferent. B. Optimistic.
C. Pessimistic. D. Cautious.
2. What can’t we infer from the first paragraph？（　　）
A. The Esmeralda set sail in the 16th century.
B. After the Esmeralda， humans have made much progress in exploring
Earth’s furthest corner.
C. The Esmeralda represents attempts to explore the Earth’s furthest
corner.
D. There is still a little unexplored land on our planet.
3. The following have been discovered in the ocean depth
EXCEPT 　　　.（　　）
A. natural resources
B. extraordinary creatures
C. shipwrecks
D. fragments of the past
4. Why does the author give the examples of China？ （　　）
A. To show how powerful our country is.
B. To show the progress our country has made.
C. To show the oceans can provide priceless natural resources.
D. To show how the sea bed is formed.
第三步：析難句表達升級
1. Swimming through these black depths is the barreleye， a strange fish
with eyes that can look upwards through its transparent forehead.
句式分析 句中Swimming through these black depths is the barreleye
為 句，a strange fish作the barreleye的 語，that
引導 從句。
自主翻譯

完全倒裝　
同位　
定語　
漆黑的深海里管眼魚游來游去，這是種奇特的魚，其
眼睛可以透過透明的前額向上看。　
2. In the very deepest ocean trenches that are more than 8，000 metres
below the surface，the pressure is equivalent to 50 aeroplanes stacked
one on top of another.
句式分析 句中that引導 從句，修飾先行詞ocean trenches；
過去分詞短語stacked one on top of another作 。
自主翻譯

定語　
后置定語　
在海平面以下8，000多米處最深的海溝里，壓強相當
于50架飛機堆疊在一起。　
核心知識·巧突破
探究課堂重點
3
Part Ⅰ　核心詞匯集釋
be equivalent to 等于，相當于
【教材原句】　 ...the pressure is equivalent to 50 aeroplanes stacked
one on top of another.
……壓強相當于50架飛機堆疊在一起。
【用法】
（1）equivalent adj.　　等同的；等值的；相當的
n.　　相等的東西；等量；對應詞
the equivalent of/to sth 等于
（2）equivalence n.　　（用途、功能、尺寸、價值等）相等，對
等，相同
【佳句】　Eight kilometres is roughly equivalent to five miles.八千米
約等于五英里。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Many people believe that being wealthy is equivalent gaining
success.
②Here is a simple example showing the （equivalent）
of the two methods.
to　
equivalence　
【寫美】　補全句子
③Breathing such polluted air is smoking ten
cigarettes a day.
呼吸污染這么嚴重的空氣等于每天抽十支煙。
the equivalent of/to　
notable adj.顯要的；顯著的；值得注意的n.名人
【教材原句】　Most notable of these is China’s discovery of an ice-
like substance， known as “fire ice”， under the South China Sea.
最值得一提的便是中國在南海發現的被稱為“可燃冰”的冰狀物質。
【用法】
（1）notably adv.　　顯著地；尤其
（2）noted adj.　　著名的；顯著的
be noted for/as ...　　因/作為……而聞名
（3）note vt.　　注意，記錄，注解
n.　　筆記
take notes　　做筆記
【佳句】　He also said that there was a notable quote：“Heroes come
from the people.Every person is remarkable.”
他還說，有一句名言值得注意：“英雄來自人民。每個人都是非凡
的。”
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The proposed new structure is （note） not only for its
height， but for its shape.
②This has not been a （notable） successful project.
③The hotel restaurant is noted its excellent cuisine.
notable　
notably　
for/as　
【寫美】　補全句子
④Since it was founded in 1911， Tsinghua University has
produced in science， business， academia and
culture.
自1911年建校以來，清華大學培養了許多科學、商業、學術和文化領
域的杰出領袖。
many notable leaders　
hold the record 保持紀錄
【教材原句】　The Jiaolong even holds the record for the deepest dive
by a manned submarine ...
“蛟龍”號甚至保持著載人潛艦的最深下潛紀錄……
【用法】
（1）break a record　　打破紀錄
hold/keep a record　　保持紀錄
set a record　　創紀錄
keep records/a record of　　記錄；把……記錄下來
on record　　有記錄的，記錄在案的
（2）it is recorded that ...　　據記載……
【佳句】　I don’t know who previously held the record.
我不知道誰以前保持的這個記錄。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①He planted a little apple tree and kept （record） of its
growth every month.
②It was the warmest year record， with global temperature 0.68
℃ above the average.
records　
on　
【寫美】　補全句子
③Congratulations to her for completing this very difficult challenge
and ， too.
祝賀她完成了這個非常困難的挑戰，并且也創造了一項新紀錄。
setting a new record　
Part Ⅱ　重點句型解構
句型公式：作表語的動詞-ing形式置于句首引起的完全倒裝句
【教材原句】　Lying under waters across the globe are an estimated
three million shipwrecks.
全球水域下大約沉睡著三百萬艘沉船殘骸。
【用法】
本句是一個完全倒裝句，An estimated three million shipwrecks are
lying under waters across the globe.是其正常語序。作表語的分詞或形
容詞，有時可以移到句首，對動作或狀態加以強調。
【品悟】　Look！Moving under the bridge are a group of sheep.看！
一群羊正在橋下走動。
【寫美】　微寫作
①站在演講廳前面的是一位來自澳大利亞的著名科學家。（日常
活動）
a famous scientist from
Australia.
②躺在地板上的是一個受傷的農家男孩。（動作描寫）
a wounded peasant boy.
Standing in the front of the lecture hall is　
Lying on the floor is　
課時檢測·提能力
培育學科素養
4
維度一：品句填詞
1. Drawing out the extract， she found a （物質） that
worked.
2. He said he had not discussed the matter with her. （此
外）， he had not even contacted her.
3. A m is a metric unit of length that is equal to one tenth of a
centimetre or one thousandth of a metre.
substance　
Furthermore　
illimetre　
4. They are specially packaged so that they s easily.
tack　
維度二：詞形轉換
1. The （note） improvement was attributed to her daily
practice and dedication.
2. They accidentally damaged a gas pipe while （drill）.
3. She’s doing the （equivalence） job in the new
company but for more money.
notable　
drilling　
equivalent　
維度三：固定搭配和句式
1. He seldom， （如果有的話）， makes mistakes in his
English compositions.
2. （一對年邁的夫
婦坐在窗前）， from which they could admire the endless mountains
in the distance.
3. He （保持紀錄） for the longest consecutive
（連續的） amount of time spent in space.
if any　
In front of the window was sitting an old couple　
holds/held the record　
4. The price is ten times what it normally is and totally
（超出……的能力） ordinary people.
5. It was a bright clear morning when we at last （啟航） in
the ship.
6. Social networks （提供了……一個窗口）
how people live their lives.
beyond the reach
of　
set sail　
offer a window into　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　“Some inconspicuous （不起眼的） artifacts， once unearthed and
cleaned， can transport me back across time as I touch them. It’s as
though I were in the same space with ancient people who lived millions of
years ago.” This is what Xu Danyang， a young member of the
Communist Party of China responsible for excavation of the No. 4
sacrificial pit （祭祀坑） at the Sanxingdui ruins site in Deyang，
Sichuan Province， says of his view of his job.
　　Archaeology used to be a field few university students wanted to
study， Xu says. However， discoveries at Sanxingdui have changed
students’ preconceptions. The increasing popularity of Sanxingdui is a
good thing， Xu says.The reason why the site has attracted international
attention is that bronze ware and gold decorations unearthed there have
given people fresh glimpses of the ancient Shu Kingdom， illustrating the
inclusiveness of Chinese civilization.
　　Speaking of the pit team， Xu says more than half the members were
born in the 1990s. The daily work of Xu and his team can be split into two
parts： the indoor work of reorganizing materials and conducting
research， and the outdoor archaeological fieldwork， both of which
require great meticulousness （謹小慎微）. The process of dig needs
careful teamwork， and everyone performs their duties extremely. One
does not expect quick success or instant rewards. So patience is a must.
The infinite nature of human history can be reflected as one connects
seemingly insignificant discoveries.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。負責挖掘四川省德陽市三星堆遺
址4號祭祀坑的許丹陽談論了他對考古學的看法，考古過程需要精心
的團隊合作和耐心。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。負責挖掘四川省德陽市三星堆遺
址4號祭祀坑的許丹陽談論了他對考古學的看法，考古過程需要精心
的團隊合作和耐心。
1. What does the underlined word “excavation” in Paragraph 1 mean？
（　　）
A. Discovery. B. Dig.
C. Invention. D. Breakthrough.
解析：　詞義猜測題。根據第一段前兩句以及畫線詞后的the
No.4 sacrificial pit（祭祀坑） at the Sanxingdui ruins site in Deyang
可推知，許丹陽是負責四川德陽三星堆遺址4號祭祀坑挖掘工作
的。由此推測，畫線詞excavation意為“挖掘”，和dig意思相近。
2. What effect have the discoveries at Sanxingdui had on students’ view
of archaeology？（　　）
A. Decreased interest in studying archaeology.
B. No change in people’s view.
C. Decreased attention on Sanxingdui.
D. Increased interest in studying archaeology.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第二段前兩句可知，考古曾經是一個
很少有大學生想學的領域。然而，三星堆的發現改變了學生們的成
見。由此推斷，三星堆的發現對學生們的考古學觀的影響是學生們
對學習考古的興趣增加了。
3. What has attracted international attention to the Sanxingdui ruins site？
（　　）
A. Unearthed bronze ware and gold decorations.
B. Careful teamwork.
C. Xu Danyang’s view of his job.
D. The inclusive nature of Chinese civilization.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第二段最后一句可知，該遺址吸引國
際關注的原因是那里出土的青銅器和金飾讓人們對古蜀國有了新的
認識。
4. What quality is crucial for success in the field of archaeology？
（　　）
A. Quick success and instant rewards.
B. Careful teamwork and patience.
C. Decreased attention.
D. Reorganizing materials.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第三段第三、四、五句可知，在考古
領域取得成功的關鍵素質是細心的團隊合作和耐心。
B
　　How many things can you see in the night sky？ A lot！ On a clear
night you might see the Moon， some planets， and thousands of
sparkling stars.
　　You can see even more with a telescope.You might see stars where
you only saw dark space before.You might see that many stars look larger
than others.You might see that some stars that look white are really red or
blue.With bigger and bigger telescopes you can see more and more objects
in the sky.And you can see those objects in more and more detail.
　　But scientists believe there are some things in the sky that we will
never see.We won’t see them with the biggest telescope in the world，
on the clearest night of the year.
　　That’s because they’re invisible.They’re the mysterious dead
stars called black holes.
　　You might find it hard to imagine that stars die.After all， our Sun is
a star.Year after year we see it up in the sky， burning brightly， giving
us heat and light.The Sun certainly doesn’t seem to be getting old or
weak.But stars do burn out and die after billions of years.
　　As a star’s gases burn， they give off light and heat.But when the
gas runs out， the star stops burning and begins to die.
　　As the star cools， the outer layers of the star pull in towards the
center.The star squashes into a smaller and smaller ball.If the star was
very small， the star ends up as a cold， dark ball called a black dwarf.If
the star was very big， it keeps squashing inward until it’s packed
together tighter than anything in the universe.
　　Imagine if the Earth were crushed until it was the size of a tiny
marble.That’s how tightly this dead star， a black hole， is
packed.What pulls the star in towards its center with such power？ It’s
the same force that pulls you down when you jump — the force called
gravity.A black hole is so tightly packed that its gravity sucks in
everything — even light.The light from a black hole can never come back
to your eyes.That’s why you see nothing but blackness.
　　So the next time you stare up at the night sky， remember： there’s
more in the sky than meets the eyes！ Scattered in the silent darkness are
black holes — the great mystery of space.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了神秘死星——在一年里
最晴朗的夜晚，我們用最大的望遠鏡也看不到這些死去的星星，并
說明了神秘死星即黑洞形成的過程。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了神秘死星——在一年里
最晴朗的夜晚，我們用最大的望遠鏡也看不到這些死去的星星，并
說明了神秘死星即黑洞形成的過程。
5. According to the article， what causes a star to die？（　　）
A. As its gases run out， it cools down.
B. It crashes into other stars.
C. It can only live for about a million years.
D. As it gets hotter and hotter， it explodes.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第六段內容可知，當氣體耗盡時，星
星就會冷卻下來，死亡。
6. What do Paragraphs 6 and 7 mainly tell us？（　　）
A. What a black hole is.
B. Why we can’t see black holes.
C. Black holes have enormous gravity.
D. The formation of black holes.
解析：　段落大意題。根據第六、七段內容可知，這兩段主要告
訴我們黑洞的形成。
7. What happens after a star dies？（　　）
A. It burns up all of its gases.
B. It becomes invisible.
C. It falls to the Earth.
D. It becomes brighter and easier to see.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第四段內容可推斷出，星星死后，就
變得看不見了。
8. Why can’t you see light when you look at a black hole？（　　）
A. Most black holes are so far away.
B. Because the gravity of a black hole is so strong that it sucks the light
inward.
C. Because as the star’s gases burn， it stops giving off heat and light.
D. Because as a star cools， its outer layers pull in towards its center.
解析：　細節理解題。根據倒數第二段中的A black hole is so
tightly packed ...nothing but blackness.可知，因為黑洞的引力很
強，它把光吸進去了，所以看黑洞時看不到光。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
Let’s learn about ancient technology
　　Where we live is surrounded by technology. 9.（　　） And
you’re probably reading this over the Internet， where the information
reached you almost instantly. With all that tech surrounding us， it’s
easy to wonder how ancient people got anything done.
　　All of our modern things， however， are based on older
technologies. And those were based on still older ones. Ancient people
didn’t have large machinery and equipment. 10.（　　） And ancient
Egyptians built the pyramids — with huge mystery rooms inside.
　　Not all of these technologies were limited to modern people. The first
“kitchen” flames are older still. Ancient human relatives were cooking
food over fires in Europe 800，000 years ago. The first spear throwers
（擲矛者） threw their weapons 279，000 years ago before modern
humans existed.
　　11. （　　） However， then came the discovery of 279，000-year-
old stone spear in Ethiopia （埃塞俄比亞）. These pushed that date
back. And now it suggests even prehuman species hunted with stone
spears.
　　Scientists have been trying to figure out how ancient people developed
their tools and built their cities and monuments. 12.（　　） They are
also recreating ancient techniques themselves — from rolling pyramid
rocks to testing out ancient tar （瀝青） recipes. Scientists detected
mystery hole in Great Pyramid of Giza. Using high-tech tools normally
reserved for particle physics research， scientists have found a large，
hidden hole inside Egypt’s Great Pyramid of Giza. 13.（　　）
A. Ancient people are really clever.
B. Not all of these technologies are useful.
C. Yet they built monuments even bigger than Stonehenge.
D. They use modern technologies to search for Mayan cities.
E. For example， we are surrounded by skyscrapers and the Internet.
F. Scientists believed the ancient living 80，000 years ago began to throw
stone spears.
G. They have made great discoveries， but there is still a lot waiting to be
discovered.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了古代一些非常了不
起的科技。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了古代一些非常了不
起的科技。
9. E　根據上句可知，本句承接上文對被科技所包圍進行舉例說明。
E項（例如，我們被摩天大樓和互聯網包圍了）符合語境。
10. C　根據上文All of our modern things ...machinery and equipment.
并結合下句可知，本句與上文構成轉折，指出古人的偉大之處。C項
（然而他們建造了比巨石陣更大的古跡）承接上文。
11. F　根據本段內容可知，本段講述了石矛的使用時間。F項（科學
家認為，8萬年前的古人開始投擲石矛）統領全段。
12. D　根據上句可知，本句應承接上句說明科學家是如何尋找的。D
項（他們使用現代技術尋找瑪雅城市）承接上文。
13. G　根據空前兩句可知，本句應對上文科學家的發現進行總結：
雖然他們已經有了重大發現，但他們知道還有很多東西等著被發現。
G項總結全文，符合語境。
Ⅲ.應用文寫作
　　假定你是李華，你的英國筆友Jack對世界各地的怪坡很感興趣。
請你根據下表給出的信息給他介紹一下中國沈陽的怪坡。
位置 位于沈陽市
簡介 長80余米，寬約25米。各種車輛到此下坡不開不走，而上坡不用開卻自然向坡上行走
專家 解釋 有的說是磁場（magnetic fields）作用，還有的說是視錯覺
（optical illusions），但各種說法相互矛盾，沒有令人滿意的解釋
2. 請按如下格式作答。
Dear Jack，
　　I am happy to hear from you again. 　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　
　
Yours，
Li Hua
注意：1.寫作詞數應為80左右；
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
參考范文：
Dear Jack，
　　I am happy to hear from you again.I would like to share some
interesting information about the Shenyang Strange Slope with you.
　　It is over 80 metres long and around 25 metres wide.Cars can run to
the top of the slope without using the engine.The contrary occurs when
cars attempt to drift downwards.Experts have attempted to solve the
mystery.Commonly they believe this phenomenon results from magnetic
fields and optical illusions.Due to lack of a satisfactory explanation， the
Strange Slope is still regarded as a mystery.
　　I hope you can visit the Shenyang Strange Slope some day with me.
　　 Yours，
Li Hua
Ⅳ.讀后續寫
　　閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構
成一篇完整的短文。
Not Without My Mama
　　Thirty-eight. That was how many stray cats （流浪貓） I had been
feeding on the street where I lived. I loved them all， but I did have a
favorite. A gigantic yellow cat with blue eyes had seized my heart.
　　I named him Butterball. Often， Butterball would try to jump in my
car when I arrived home or come inside my house. I wished that I could
bring him inside， but it was not allowed where I lived.
　　Week after week， I fed the large group of cats. Mostly， none of
them wanted to be touched. They would eat in a hurry and leave， but not
Butterball. He would stick around for head scratches （抓撓）， purring
（發出呼嚕聲） loudly. I noticed that he was always in the company of a
small Calico cat.
　　Though not as friendly， she was touchable.
　　One day， my dream came true — I bought my own house. The
cats， especially Butterball， watched anxiously as I started moving my
things to my new home. I began to be away longer as I set up the new
place， but I never forgot to go back and feed them every night. Butterball
would jump in my car and try to get in extra hugs.
　　Sometimes， I found him amongst the boxes in the back when I came
out with another load. As I packed up the very last load and set out the
cats’ nightly dinner， I paused before leaving.
　　The nights were starting to get cold， and soon winter would be upon
us. Upstate New York winters can be bitter. Butterball seemed to know I
was leaving for good. I peered into his blue eyes and told him， “I will
come back for you.” He turned away as if he didn’t believe me.
　　The next day， I returned with a group of friends. We set out a bunch
of humane traps and caught the strays one by one. We transported them to
a no-kill shelter. All， except Butterball.
注意：1.續寫詞數應為150左右；
2. 請按如下格式作答。
　　I intended to take Butterball to my new home.
　　Surprisedly， I followed him to the bush and found Calico. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
參考范文：
　　I intended to take Butterball to my new home. Butterball seemed very
happy to see me again. He wandered over and jumped into my car as
usual. But when I tried to close the door， he jumped out and walked off
toward the bushes. It looked as if he was going to look for something. I
wondered why he was acting so strangely， and decided to keep following
it. I followed， looking forward to making new discoveries.
　　Surprisedly， I followed him to the bush and found Calico. When he
reached the bushes， Calico came out to join him and they both looked at
me. I realized that Butterball was not going anywhere without Calico.
Gently， I picked up Calico. Butterball followed me. I posted pictures of
my cats online. I was surprised when I read a comment from my former
neighbor，“I am so glad that you took in the big cat and his mama，
too.” At that moment I understood everything.
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