資源簡介

Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
維度一：品句填詞
1.The mission for the 　　　　　?。ㄈw機組人員） of the spaceship is essentially over.
2.We thought it would make a difference in helping him step out of the 　　　　　?。幱埃?of that accident.
3.In June， the officials 　　　　　?。ㄖ兄梗?the company’s export licence.
4.Upon hearing the fire alarm， the people in the building were panicked and s　　　　　　.
5.Some people have the wrong n　　　　　　 that one can get infected with AIDS by giving blood.
維度二：詞形轉換
1.They were 　　　　　?。╰ragic） wrong， of course， but a lot of smart people believed them.
2.The photographs are fairly predictable and　　　　　　 （exceptional）.
3.The 　　　　　　（assume） that calendar came into being has proved to be correct.
4.The report calls for a ban on the import of 　　　　　?。╤azard） waste.
5.It will not be long before you get accustomed to 　　　　　?。╠rive） on the left side of the road in Britain.
6.The school allows a partial 　　　　　　（suspend） of its rules on the last day of term.
維度三：固定搭配和句式
1.When the explorers first 　　　　　　　　?。ㄌど希?the continent of North America， the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife.
2.We always 　　　　　（收聽） to the latest news at ten o’clock to know better about the world.
3.The judgement 　　　　　　　?。缮详幱埃?his future， so he felt angry and decided to appeal to a higher court.
4.When the delayed flight will 　　　　　　　　（起飛） depends much on the weather.
5.　　　　　　　　　　 （天氣許可的話）， we can go for a picnic with the teacher’s permission.
6.　　　　　　　　　　　　 （無論多么遙遠） apart we are， my thoughts always find their way back to you.
7.　　　　　　　　　　　　 （毫無疑問） that this candidate’s advantage lies in his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　A group of planners， scientists and engineers in charge of China’s Chang’e 5 robotic lunar mission have received the highest team award from the International Academy of Astronautics. At the academy’s annual conference on Sunday in Baku， the capital of Azerbaijan， the Chinese team was awarded the 2023 Laurels for Team Achievement Award.
　　Hu Hao， chief designer of the Chang’e 5 mission and a senior planner at the China National Space Administration， said at the ceremony that he hopes more scientists and engineers from the international space community could take part in China’s lunar exploration projects. He also added that the samples retrieved （回收） by the Chang’e 5 probe will soon be open to foreign researchers.
　　One of the world’s most notable space activities in 2020， the Chang’e 5 robotic mission was launched in November 2020. It was China’s first lunar sample-returning mission and one of its most sophisticated and challenging space attempts. The landmark mission returned 1，731 grams of rocks and soil back to Earth on Dec 17， 2020， presenting the first lunar substances to humans since the Apollo era.
　　On the certificate awarded to the Chinese team， the academy wrote that during the 23-day mission， the Chang’e-5 team successfully completed the complicated mission which included a rocket launch， lunar-Earth transfer， lunar sampling， lunar surface takeoff， rendezvous and docking， sample transfer， skip re-entry and many other processes， and obtained two types of lunar samples. It noted the Chinese team has made outstanding contributions to mankind’s lunar and deep-space exploration.
1.Where is the text most probably taken from？（　　）
A.An advertisement of a robotic lunar company.
B.A research on Chinese lunar exploration.
C.A news report about an international awarding ceremony.
D.A review of the International Academy of Astronautics.
2.What can we infer from Hu Hao’s words？（　?。?br/>A.China encourages cooperation and sharing in exploring the moon.
B.China has made a difference to international space community.
C.China National Space Administration will soon be open to the world.
D.Chang’e 5 probe will soon continue its mission.
3.What can we know from the Chang’e 5 robotic mission？（　　）
A.It marks the world’s first lunar sample-returning mission.
B.It contains various missions except for sample transfer.
C.It was launched in December 2020.
D.It’s a complex space exploration.
4.Which of the following could be the best title for the text？（　?。?br/>A.Hu Hao： A Pioneer in Chinese Lunar Exploration
B.Amazing Lunar Adventures： A Fairy Tale Has Come True
C.Challenging Ways to Returning the First Lunar Sample
D.The Impact of International Academy of Astronautics
B
　　Nuclear bombs. That’s the go-to answer for incoming space objects like asteroids （小行星） and comets， as far as Hollywood is concerned. Movies like Deep Impact and Armageddon rely on nuclear weapons， delivered by stars like Bruce Willis， to save the world and deliver the drama.
　　But planetary defense experts say in reality， if astronomers spotted a dangerous incoming space rock， the safest and best answer might be something more subtle， like simply pushing it off course by crashing it with a small spacecraft.
　　That’s just what NASA did on Monday evening， when a spacecraft headed straight into an asteroid called Dimorphos， which is around 7 million miles away and poses no threat to Earth. It’s about 525 feet across and orbits another larger asteroid.
　　In images streamed as the impact neared， the egg-shaped asteroid grew in size from a little spot on screen to having its full rocky surface come quickly into focus before the signal went dead as the craft hit right on target.
　　Events happened exactly as engineers had planned， they said， with nothing going wrong. “As far as we can tell， our first planetary defense test was a success，” said Elena Adams， the mission systems engineer， who added that scientists looked on with “both terror and joy” as the spacecraft neared its final destination.
　　The impact was the peak of NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test （DART）， a 7-year and more than $300 million effort which launched a space vehicle in November 2021 to perform humanity’s first ever test of planetary defense technology. It will be about two months， scientists said， before they will be able to determine if the impact was enough to drive the asteroid slightly off course， probably shortening its original orbit.
　　NASA plans to launch an asteroid-hunting space telescope named NEO Surveyor in 2026. “We’ve tracked lots of space rocks， especially the larger ones that could cause extinction-level events. Thankfully， none currently threatens Earth. But many asteroids the size of Dimorphos haven’t yet been discovered， and those could potentially take out a city if they came crashing down.” explains Lindley Johnson， NASA’s Planetary Defense Officer.
5.How did scientists know the craft hit the asteroid successfully？（　?。?br/>A.The little spot on the screen suddenly disappeared.
B.The signal from the craft was lost as it hit the target.
C.They monitored the craft with satellites in space.
D.They recorded the whole process with a telescope.
6.What is the purpose of launching the spacecraft？（　?。?br/>A.To save the world and deliver a drama.
B.To search for evidence of alien life.
C.To test technology for defending Earth.
D.To end the asteroid’s threat to Earth.
7.What can be inferred about Dimorphos？（　?。?br/>A.It is expected to blow up after the impact.
B.It may orbit the same asteroid after the hit.
C.It is an egg-shaped asteroid around Earth.
D.It is a dangerous incoming space rock.
8.Which statement will Lindley Johnson probably agree with？（　　）
A.Larger asteroids will no longer threaten Earth.
B.NASA is responsible for the safety of Earth.
C.Asteroids are equally destructive whatever the size.
D.NEO Surveyor is aimed to track smaller asteroids.
C
　　What do you do when nobody is around to take your picture？You take a selfie.But what about selfies in space？NASA astronaut Buzz Aldrin， who famously became the second man to walk on the Moon in July 1969， said that he took the first selfie in space during the Gemini 12 mission in 1966.
　　“For me， it needs to be digital to be a selfie，” argues Jennifer Levasseur， who is in charge of the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum.According to Levasseur，the concept of a selfie is directly linked to Internet culture and the human desire to interact on social platforms.“The thing that makes a selfie is sharing it，” she says.
　　Still， astronauts have been carrying cameras aboard space vehicles since the 1960s.In 1966， Aldrin used a Hasselblad camera designed specifically for space.Hasselblad also painted the first camera in space matte black （磨砂黑） to reduce reflections in the window of the orbiter.But cameras used in space need to survive extreme conditions， like temperature swinging from－149 °F to 248 °F，so Hasselblad painted later models silver.
　　Astronauts had to pull the film magazines （膠卷盒） out and leave their cameras behind when they returned to the Earth， because early space missions were restricted by a weight limit on the return trip.
　　A big change in space camera technology came after the sad loss of the space shuttle Columbia， which broke apart on its return to the Earth in 2003.“Fearing that they would never be able to bring the film back from space and lose all that hard work accelerated the push for being digital，” Levasseur says.
　　Today， astronauts can have access to the Internet and social platforms in space and post true space selfies taken by digital cameras.
9.How did the Hasselblad camera adapt to space temperature changes？（　?。?br/>A.By changing its inner design.
B.By reducing its reflections.
C.By making it stronger.
D.By painting it silver.
10.Why were cameras left in space on early space missions？（　　）
A.To lighten the load of the spaceship.
B.To test cameras under extreme conditions.
C.To prepare for the next space exploration.
D.To take more pictures on the next trip.
11.What advanced space camera technology？（　?。?br/>A.The invention of new films.
B.The popularity of space selfies.
C.The concern about the loss of valuable data.
D.The fear of falling behind in the space race.
12.What is the best title for the text？（　?。?br/>A.The Origin of Selfies in Space
B.The History of Selfies in Space
C.The Significance of Selfies in Space
D.The Technique of Selfies in Space
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　The age of space exploration started on 12 April 1961， when the Russian astronaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human to journey to outer space. But why do we go to environments that are dangerous and even deadly to humans？ The answer is simple. 13.（　?。?In this article， we’ll read the major four benefits of space exploration.
　　Promote the progress of medicine
　　14.（　?。?For example， analyzing the effects of zero-gravity （零重力） on blood flow led to many discoveries on how to prevent some heart illnesses. The experiments and measurements of bone strength and bone loss in astronauts have helped doctors better understand bone diseases.
　　Develop new technologies
　　The space race has birthed the most technological advancements in the shortest period of time.15.（　　） For example， the running shoes were originally developed for astronauts. We use them in our day-to-day lives without even knowing that some NASA engineers originally developed them for the Apollo program that took humankind to the moon.
　　Start space tourism
　　The biggest dream some of us have is being able to take a trip to outer space. However， it is still too expensive to go to space. As reusable rockets improve， the costs of these trips will become significantly lower. 16.（　　）
　　Inspire the next generation
　　Space exploration stimulates the curiosity of children. 17.（　　） Not only is this good for them as STEM （Science， Technology， Engineering and Mathematics） jobs can secure them a comfortable future， but it also helps humans.
A.Technologies have advanced considerably.
B.It gets students interested in science and technology.
C.Hopefully one day they’ll be within the reach for all of us.
D.These include stepping up cooperation in space exploration.
E.The benefits of space exploration go beyond the dangers of it.
F.Studying the effects of space travel can lead to some medical benefits.
G.Throughout the years， companies have found consumer uses for many of these developments.
Ⅲ.語法填空
Scientists have found a new risk of space travel.They have discovered that our DNA can change while 18.　　　　　　 （go） into space.DNA mutations （改變） could increase the risk of space travelers getting cancer.The scientists did research 19.　　　　　　 14 NASA astronauts who took part in the Space Shuttle program between 1998 and 2001.20.　　　　　　 astronauts provided blood samples ten days before they went into space and three days after returning to the Earth.The blood 21.　　　　　　 （freeze） for the past 20 years.Professor David Goukassian said，“Astronauts work in an extreme environment 22.　　　　　　　　 many factors can result in mutations.”He added，“Space radiation means there is a risk that mutations could develop.” Professor Goukassian said 23.　　　　　　　　 （he） study could be important for the future of space travel.In particular， several nations are 24.　　　　　?。╝ctive） working on sending astronauts to Mars.Other countries are preparing to build bases on the Moon.There is also a race by 25.　　　　　　 （commerce） companies to start the business of space tourism.Goukassian said there were possible health risks to space travel and to exploring deep space.He said more research was needed 26.　　　　　 （study） the harmful effects of space travel on the human body.This could be important for NASA’s Artemis project.This aims to send people back to the Moon for the first time in 50 years.The last time 27.　　　　　　 （human） went to the Moon was during the Apollo 17 mission in December 1972.
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
基礎知識自測
維度一
1.crew　2.shadow　3.suspended　4.screamed　5.notion
維度二
1.tragically　2.unexceptional　3.assumption　4.hazardous
5.driving　6.suspension
維度三
1.set foot on
2.tune in
3.cast a shadow on
4.take off
5.Weather permitting
6.No matter how far
7.There is no doubt
素養能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。中國嫦娥五號機器人探月任務的規劃者、科學家和工程師獲得了國際宇航科學院頒發的最高團隊獎。
1.C　文章出處題。根據第一段內容可知，本文主要講述了中國嫦娥五號探月工程團隊在阿塞拜疆巴庫舉辦的國際宇航大會期間，榮獲了最高團隊獎。文章屬于新聞報道，記錄了本次獲獎事件。
2.A　推理判斷題。根據第二段內容可知，胡浩期待更多科學家和工程師參與中國的探月工程，并且采集的樣本也即將向外國科學家開放。由此推斷，他希望國家在探月工程方面鼓勵國家間合作共贏，共享科研成果。
3.D　細節理解題。根據第三段前兩句可知，嫦娥五號任務具有復雜性和挑戰性，即它是一次復雜的太空探索。
4.B　標題歸納題。根據文章內容尤其是第一段可知，文章主要介紹了嫦娥五號探月工程所取得的輝煌成績，從著陸月球到月表采樣再到成功攜帶樣本返回地球，任務的實施是不容易的，而最終的成功也踐行了“嫦娥奔月”這個古老神話。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。美國國家航空航天局（NASA）進行了一次小行星防御測試，即使用航天器撞擊小行星以改變其軌道的實驗。
5.B　推理判斷題。根據第四段內容可知，蛋形的小行星在屏幕上由一個小光點快速變大，遍布巖石的行星表面很快進入了人們的視野，在飛行器撞上小行星的同時，傳輸信號中斷了。
6.C　細節理解題。根據第二段和倒數第二段第一句可知，發射飛行器的目的是測試星球防御技術。
7.B　推理判斷題。根據第三段最后一句可知，該小行星圍繞另一顆大一點的小行星運轉；再根據倒數第二段最后一句可知，科學家預測，飛行器撞上該小行星后，可能會將原來的軌道縮短。綜合推斷，Dimorphos可能在撞擊后繞同一顆小行星運行。
8.D　推理判斷題。根據最后一段內容可知，NASA已經追蹤了很多大一點的太空巖石，但是許多像Dimorphos這樣大小的小行星還沒有被發現，如果它們墜落，可能會摧毀一座城市。由此推斷，NASA計劃發射太空望遠鏡NEO Surveyor主要是為了追蹤體積更小的小行星。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了太空自拍的歷史。
9.D　細節理解題。根據第三段中的But cameras used in space need to survive extreme conditions， like temperature swinging from －149 °F to 248 °F， so Hasselblad painted later models silver.可知，為了使照相機能夠在極端環境下工作，Hasselblad把它漆成了銀色。
10.A　細節理解題。根據第四段內容可知，照相機被留在太空的原因是飛船載重有限。
11.C　細節理解題。根據第五段中的Fearing that they would never be able to bring the film back from space and lose all that hard work accelerated the push for being digital可知，害怕在太空中拍攝的內容丟失加速了太空相機技術的發展。
12.B　標題歸納題。通讀全文內容可知，本文主要介紹了太空自拍的歷史。因此B項為本文最佳標題。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了太空探索的四大好處。
13.E　上文中的問句是在提出問題，而空后一句是在回答這個問題。E項（太空探索的好處遠遠大于它的危險）解釋了為什么我們要去探索太空，承上啟下。
14.F　根據小標題可知，本段是在講太空探索對醫學的影響。F項（研究太空旅行的影響可以帶來一些醫療益處）符合語境。
15.G　下文的舉例說明了原本為宇航員開發的技術也應用到了普通人的生活中。G項（多年來，公司已經為這些發展成果的許多方面找到了消費用途）符合語境。
16.C　根據上句可知，太空旅行的成本大大降低了，空處應該說明這會帶來什么好處。C項（希望有一天我們所有人都能接觸到它們）承接上文。
17.B　上句是在講太空探索對孩子們的影響。B項（它讓學生對科學技術感興趣）說明了太空探索所激發的好奇心使學生對科學技術感興趣，也是太空探索對孩子的影響。
Ⅲ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文?？茖W家發現我們的DNA在進入太空時會發生變化。DNA突變可能會增加太空旅行者患癌癥的風險。
18.going　考查省略句。此處為“while＋動詞-ing形式”省略結構作狀語，while后省略了we are，故填going。
19.on　考查介詞。do research on 意為“對……進行研究”，故填on。
20.The　考查冠詞。此處特指那些參與研究的宇航員，故填The。
21.has been frozen　考查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致。根據時間狀語for the past 20 years可知，應用現在完成時，同時表示被動，故填has been frozen。
22.where　考查定語從句?？仗幰龑ФㄕZ從句，修飾先行詞environment，同時在定語從句中作地點狀語，故填where。
23.his　考查代詞。study是名詞，前面應用形容詞性物主代詞作定語，故填his。
24.actively　考查詞形轉換。修飾動詞working，應用副詞作狀語，故填actively。
mercial　考查詞形轉換。修飾名詞companies，應用形容詞作定語，故填commercial。
26.to study　考查非謂語動詞。根據語境可知，空處應用動詞不定式作目的狀語，故填to study。
27.humans　考查名詞的單復數。human是可數名詞，前無限定詞，故填復數humans。
5 / 5Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
The Call of the Challenger
[1]Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on① the Moon back on 20 July 1969， people have become accustomed to② the notion③ of space travel.[2]Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets， their hearts in their mouths， aware of④ how arduous⑤ and hazardous⑥ an undertaking it was， and of the many things that could go wrong.With Armstrong’s now famous words “That’s one small step for man， one giant leap for mankind”， what had once been considered impossible had now been achieved.Guided by a computer that was much less powerful than the ones used by today’s average⑦ school students， all three astronauts of the Apollo 11 mission made it safely back to Earth.
　　[1]本句中Ever since引導時間狀語從句，從句用一般過去時，主句用現在完成時。
[2]本句中their hearts in their mouths為獨立主格結構作狀語；第三個and連接aware of后的并列賓語，前一部分為how引導的賓語從句，后一部分中the many things為介詞of的賓語，that could go wrong為定語從句。
Following the Moon landings， space travel rapidly became unexceptional⑧ to the public， as innovations succeeded each other.[3] By the early 1980s， the great rockets previously used in the American space programme had been replaced by the space shuttle.When the Challenger space shuttle took off⑨ on 28 January 1986， the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved.But this was going to be no ordinary excursion， and millions of people tuned in⑩ to witness the take-off on TV.It was special because Christa McAuliffe aged 37， an ordinary teacher and mother， was about to become the first civilian in space.She planned to give two 15-minute lessons from orbit： the first to demonstrate the controls of the spacecraft and explain how gravity worked， and the second to describe the objectives of the Challenger programme.Christa hoped to communicate a sense of excitement and rekindle interest in the space programme.With the eyes of students across the nation upon her， she might have inspired an entirely new generation of astronauts and space scientists.
　　[3]By后跟表示過去的時間狀語，句子的謂語用過去完成時。
Tragically ， she never returned to her classroom as the shuttle exploded just over a minute after taking off in Florida， and all seven astronauts on board were killed.The world went into shock， most people having assumed that this space flight would be no more dangerous than travelling in an aeroplane.How wrong they had been！ Instantaneously ， excitement and optimism turned into terror and failure.It was the most disastrous space accident ever， and it cast a shadow on people’s hearts.
“I can remember that day so clearly， watching the take-off on TV at school，” said one student.“There was an ordinary teacher on the Challenger， and we were all very excited.We didn’t have much patience waiting for the launch.We had seen the smiling faces of the astronauts waving to the world as they stepped into the shuttle.Then， little more than a minute after take-off， we saw a strange red and orange light in the sky， followed by a cloud of white smoke.The Challenger had exploded in mid-air and we all started screaming .”
　　[4]Following the shock of the Challenger disaster， space shuttle flights were suspended for nearly three years while the cause of the disaster was investigated ， and some of the shuttle’s components were redesigned .But there was never any doubt that manned flights would continue， and on 29 September 1988， the space shuttle programme resumed with the successful launch of Discovery.
It has now been over 30 years since the loss of Challenger and although the lives of its crew were cut tragically short， they take their place alongside the other heroes of space exploration， such as Gagarin， Tereshkova， Armstrong and Yang Liwei.The memory of those seven will live forever， written in the stars， inspiring us to join them in humanity’s greatest journey of exploration and discovery.[5] The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us， reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars， no matter how distant they might seem.
　　[4]Following the shock of the Challenger disaster為動詞-ing形式作狀語；and為并列連詞，連接并列的時間狀語從句。
[5]The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us為句子主干；reminding ...為動詞-ing形式作狀語，其中that引導賓語從句；no matter how引導讓步狀語從句。
【讀文清障】
①set foot on 踏上，登上
②become accustomed to 習慣于（做）某事
③notion n.概念；觀點；看法
④（be） aware of 意識到，明白
⑤arduous adj.艱難的；艱苦的
⑥hazardous adj.危險的，不安全的
⑦average adj.普通的，一般的
⑧unexceptional adj.平常的
⑨take off 起飛
⑩tune in 收聽，收看
be about to do sth打算做某事
demonstrate v.示范，演示
objective n.目標，目的
a sense of 一種……感
tragically adv.悲慘地，不幸地
explode v.爆炸
on board 在飛機（火車、船）上
assume v.認為
instantaneously adv.瞬間地
shadow n.壞影響，陰影
cast a shadow on
給……蒙上陰影
scream v.（因疼痛、驚恐、興奮等）尖聲大叫
suspend v.暫停，中止
investigate v.調查
component n.部件，組成部分
redesign v.重新設計
resume v.重新開始
crew n.（飛機上的）全體機組人員
sacrifice n.犧牲
【參考譯文】
“挑戰者”號的呼喚
自從1969年7月20日尼爾·阿姆斯特朗首次登月以來，人們已習慣于太空旅行這個概念。數百萬人在黑白電視機前觀看了首次登月，為此激動得心都提到了嗓子眼兒，因為大家都明白這是一項多么艱難、多么危險的任務，許多地方都可能出錯。伴隨著阿姆斯特朗說出那句名言——“這是個人的一小步，卻是人類的一大步”，曾被認為是不可能的事情如今已經實現了。執行“阿波羅11”號任務的三位宇航員在一臺計算機的指導下都安全返回地球，這臺計算機遠不如當今普通學校的學生使用的計算機功能強大。
登月后，隨著新事物接連出現，宇宙航行迅速成為公眾眼中的尋常之事。20世紀 80 年代早期，美國太空計劃中使用的大型火箭已被航天飛機所代替。當“挑戰者”號航天飛機于 1986 年 1月28日發射時，對于宇航員所獲得的令人驚嘆的成就，全世界似乎已經失去了新鮮感。然而這將不是一次普通的航行，數百萬人打開電視，共同見證這次發射。這次航行的特殊之處在于一位37歲名為克麗斯塔·麥考利夫的普通教師兼母親將會成為第一位到訪太空的普通公民。她計劃在“挑戰者”號沿軌道運行時講兩節課，每節15分鐘。第一節課要展示航天器的操控裝置，并解釋一下引力是如何發揮作用的；第二節課要講述“挑戰者”號太空計劃的目的?？他愃顾Ｍ璐藗鬟_她的激動之情，重新燃起人們對太空計劃的興趣。當全國學生的目光都聚集在她身上時，她或許能激發他們成為新一代宇航員和太空科學家的理想。
令人悲痛的是，她再也沒能回到她的課堂。航天飛機在佛羅里達州發射僅一分多鐘后就發生了爆炸，機上七名宇航員全部犧牲。全世界都震驚了！大多數人本以為這次太空航行不會比乘飛機旅行更加危險，但是所有人都大錯特錯了！激動和樂觀瞬間化為恐懼和挫敗，這是有史以來最慘烈的航天事故，給人們心里蒙上了陰影。
　　一個學生回憶道：“我非常清楚地記得那天，我在學校通過電視觀看發射場景。有位普通教師在‘挑戰者’號上，我們都非常激動，迫不及待地等著發射。我們看到宇航員笑容滿面，向世界揮手致意，步入航天飛機。然后，發射僅僅一分多鐘后，我們就看到空中奇異的紅色和橙色的光芒，緊接著是一大團白煙?！魬鹫摺栐诎肟罩斜耍覀兌奸_始尖叫?！?br/>“挑戰者”號令人震驚的災難發生后，航天飛機航行中止了近三年時間，同時調查事故原因，重新設計飛行器的部分零件。但是毫無疑問，載人飛行絕不會就此停止。1988年9月29日，隨著“發現”號的成功發射，航天飛機項目重新啟動。
“挑戰者”號失事至今已有30 多年了。雖然“挑戰者”號的機組人員英年早逝，但他們與加加林、捷列什科娃、阿姆斯特朗和楊利偉等進行太空探索的英雄們一道，都在歷史上占有一席之地。他們七位的事跡將永存于世，書寫在漫天星辰中，激勵我們加入他們，共同致力于人類最偉大的探索發現之旅?！疤魬鹫摺碧柕臓奚賳局?、提醒著我們，不管星空看起來多么遙不可及，我們都要持之以恒地去探索。
第一步：析架構理清脈絡
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks.
第二步：知細節明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What were people’s feelings when people watched that first lunar landing？（　?。?br/>A.Happy.　　　　　　 B.Nervous.
C.Amazed. D.Proud.
2.What can we infer from Paragraph 2？ （　?。?br/>A.The Challenger wasn’t so attractive as the first lunar landing to people.
B.Christa was the first to give lessons in space.
C.Before the 1980s， the space shuttle had appeared.
D.The disaster made a difference to people.
3.What happened after the Challenger disaster？（　?。?br/>A.People’s attitude to space travel changed.
B.Space shuttle flight were suspended for nearly 3 years.
C.People succeeded in launching Discovery.
D.The disaster inspires people to continue space exploration.
4.What is the main idea of the last paragraph？ （　　）
A.The great people in space exploration.
B.The memory of the dead seven people.
C.The cause of the disaster.
D.The meaning of the disaster.
第三步：品語言妙筆生輝
　Read the second paragraph and find the sentence that makes a plan.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第四步：析難句表達升級
1.Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets， their hearts in their mouths， aware of how arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was， and of the many things that could go wrong.
句式分析 句中their hearts in their mouths為　　　　　　　　　　　　作狀語；aware of ...wrong為　　　　　　　　作狀語，其中how引導　　　　　從句，that引導　　　　　從句，修飾先行詞　　　　　　　　　　　。
自主翻譯 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.Guided by a computer that was much less powerful than the ones used by today’s average school students， all three astronauts of the Apollo 11 mission made it safely back to Earth.
句式分析 句中Guided by a computer為過去分詞短語作　　　??；that was much less powerful than the ones used by today’s average school students為that引導的　　　　從句，修飾先行詞　　　　　　，其中used by today’s average school students為過去分詞短語作　　　　　　，修飾the ones。
自主翻譯 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Part Ⅰ　核心詞匯集釋
set foot on 踏上，登上
【教材原句】　Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 20 July 1969， people have become accustomed to the notion of space travel.
自從1969年7月20日尼爾·阿姆斯特朗首次登月以來，人們已習慣于太空旅行這個概念。
【用法】
set about （doing） sth　開始（做）某事，著手（做）某事 set aside 把……放到一邊；省出，留出（錢或時間） set out （to do sth） 出發；開始（做某事） set up 創立，設立 set down 寫下，記下
【佳句】　As soon as I set foot on the land， I was deeply impressed with its scenery.
一踏上這片土地，我就被它的景色深深吸引了。
【助記】　He set down the recipe in a piece of paper.Then he set about cooking the fish.
他在一張紙上寫下食譜。然后他開始做魚。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Three days after he set 　　　　　　on his journey， he set foot 　　　　　　a lonely island， and began to set 　　　　　　in his notebook what he had seen and heard there.
②The expert urges that young couples should set 　　　　　　some money every month in case of emergency.
【寫美】　一句多譯
③我們一周前就開始為這個宴會作準備了。
→We 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
the dinner party one week ago.
→We 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
the dinner party one week ago.
become accustomed to 習慣于（做）某事
【教材原句】　Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 20 July 1969， people have become accustomed to the notion of space travel.
自從1969年7月20日尼爾·阿姆斯特朗首次登月以來，人們已習慣于太空旅行這個概念。
【用法】
（1）accustom v.　　　　使習慣（于）；使適應 accustom oneself/sb to sth 使某人習慣于 （2）accustomed adj. 習慣于；通常的 be/get/become accustomed to doing sth 習慣于做某事
【佳句】　People in north China become accustomed to posting paper-cuts on their windows during the Spring Festival.
中國北方的人們習慣于在春節期間在窗戶上貼剪紙。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①He took his 　　　　　?。╝ccustom） seat by the fire and lit a cigarette.
【寫美】　同義句轉換
②I am accustomed to living in the countryside，and I always find it hard to live in the city.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　，I always find it hard to live in the city.（過去分詞短語作狀語）
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　，I always find it hard to live in the city.（動詞-ing短語作狀語）
unexceptional adj.平常的
【教材原句】　Following the Moon landings， space travel rapidly became unexceptional to the public， as innovations succeeded each other.
登月后，隨著新事物接連出現，宇宙航行迅速成為公眾眼中的尋常之事。
【用法】
（1）exception n.　　　例外；例外的事物 no exception 不例外 without exception 無一例外 make an exception 破例，例外 （2）exceptional adj. 杰出的；優秀的；特別的 exceptional talent 非凡的才能 （3）exceptionally adv. 罕見，特別；例外地；只有在特殊情況下
【佳句】　Since then， Michael has lived an unexceptional life.
從那時開始，麥克爾就過著普通的生活。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①His 　　　　（exception） discrimination ability allowed him to distinguish between different sounds and voices， even in a noisy environment.
②The river used to flood every summer， and this year was 　　　　　　exception.
③He was a hard-working， if 　　　　　　（exceptional）， student.
【寫美】　補全句子
④You must report here every Tuesday 　　　　　　　　　　.
你每周二都必須來此做報告，不得有例外。
take off （飛機）起飛；脫掉（衣服）；突然大受歡迎；事業騰飛
【教材原句】　When the Challenger space shuttle took off on 28 January 1986， the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved.當“挑戰者”號航天飛機于1986年1月28日發射時，對于宇航員所獲得的令人驚嘆的成就，全世界似乎已經失去了新鮮感。
【用法】
take away　 　拿走；帶走 take on 呈現；雇用；承擔 take up 拿起；開始做；占據（時間、空間） take down 記下；取下 take over 接管；繼承 take in 留宿；吸收；欺騙；理解
【佳句】　After two years of struggling against difficulties along the way to success，his career finally took off.
在通往成功的道路上與困難斗爭了兩年以后，他的事業最終飛黃騰達。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Whatever weather it is， I always see the policeman take 　　　　　　his duties and direct the traffic.
②It doesn’t matter who will take 　　　　　the company， as no one can save it from the financial crisis.
【寫美】　補全句子
③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
after his CCTV show-up and he gained fame almost overnight.這位業余歌手的歌唱事業在他上了央視節目后開始騰飛，他幾乎一夜成名。
involve vt.包括；涉及；使參加
【教材原句】　When the Challenger space shuttle took off on 28 January 1986， the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved.當“挑戰者”號航天飛機于1986年1月28日發射時，對于宇航員所獲得的令人驚嘆的成就，全世界似乎已經失去了新鮮感。
【用法】
（1）involve sb in （doing） sth使某人參與（做）某事；使某人牽扯到某事中 involve doing sth　包括做某事；需要做某事 （2）involved adj.　復雜的；有牽連的；有關的 get/be involved in被卷入……之中；熱衷于；專心于 be/get involved with sb/sth與某人混在一起/和某事有密切聯系 （3）involvement n. 參與；加入；插手
【佳句】　Once when I was facing a decision that involved high risk， I went to a friend.
有一次，當我面臨一個涉及高風險的決定時，我去找了一個朋友。
【點津】　involved adj.作前置定語時，意為“復雜的”；作后置定語時，意為“涉及的”。例如：an involved sentence“一個復雜的句子”；the people involved“所涉及的人”。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①It’s believed that students should involve themselves 　　　　community activities where they can gain experience for growth.
②As a representative， he advocated much more government 　　　?。╥nvolve） in health care.
③When he was young， he did as many things as he could， such as getting 　　　　　?。╥nvolve） in sports teams and school clubs.
【寫美】　語段填空
④Mr Brown found a job as a senior school teacher which 　　　　　　spending quite a lot of time with students. Sadly， a serious accident 　　　　　　a group of youths happened on him. 　　　　　　in the car accident， he had no choice but to stay and wait for the policeman. （involve）
assume v.假定，設想；認為；承擔，擔任；呈現
【教材原句】　The world went into shock， most people having assumed that this space flight would be no more dangerous than travelling in an aeroplane.
全世界都震驚了！大多數人本以為這次太空航行不會比乘飛機旅行更加危險。
【用法】
（1）assume that　　　　　假定，認為…… assume ...to be ... 認為/假定……是…… It is assumed that ... 人們認為…… assume responsible for 承擔……的責任 （2）assuming （that） 假定……（作狀語） （3）assumption n. 假定 on the assumption that 假定…… make assumptions about 設想……
【佳句】　It is generally assumed that art groups cannot make a profit， which is wrong.人們普遍認為藝術團體不能盈利，這是錯誤的。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①It 　　　　　　　　（assume） that global warming and climate change could cause even more disasters in the future.
②A lot of people make the 　　　　　?。╝ssume） that poverty only exists in the developing countries.
③We assumed him 　　　　　　　　（be） the best writer of our time.
【寫美】　補全句子
④We are working 　　　　　　　　everyone invited will turn up.我們假定每一位應邀者都會到場并正在作出安排。
cast a shadow on/over 給……蒙上陰影
【教材原句】　It was the most disastrous space accident ever， and it cast a shadow on people’s hearts.這是有史以來最慘烈的航天事故，給人們心里蒙上了陰影。
【用法】
cast down　　　使失望；使沮喪（多用于被動語態） cast out 驅逐出去；趕走 cast off 擺脫掉；拋棄 cast away 使（船遇難后的幸存者）流落某處；扔掉；浪費（多用于被動語態）
【佳句】　Don’t let today’s disappointment cast a shadow on tomorrow’s dreams.
不要讓今天的不愉快給明天的夢想蒙上陰影。
【點津】　cast的過去式和過去分詞均為cast。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Apparently， she was cast 　　　　　by the fact that the majority objected to her proposal.
②I can’t bear young people casting 　　　　their youth.
③You must really cast 　　　　　　all these bad habits.
【寫美】　補全句子
④The current situation， in a certain degree， may 　　　　　　　　　　　　the future of the talk.目前的局勢在一定程度上可能會給會談的未來蒙上陰影。
suspend v.暫停，中止；推遲；使懸浮
【教材原句】　Following the shock of the Challenger disaster，space shuttle flights were suspended for nearly three years while the cause of the disaster was investigated，and some of the shuttle’s components were redesigned.
“挑戰者”號令人震驚的災難發生后，航天飛機航行中止了近三年時間，同時調查事故原因，重新設計飛行器的部分零件。
【用法】
（1）suspend sth/sb （from sth） （by/on sth）　　　　　　　　懸/掛/吊……在……上 suspend sth 暫停/中止某事；推遲 suspend sb （from sth） 使某人暫時停職/學 （2）suspension n. 暫令停職（或停學、停賽等）；暫緩，延遲
【佳句】　He was suspended for four games after arguing with the referee.
跟裁判發生爭執之后，他被停賽四場。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Julie was suspended 　　　　　　her job shortly after the incident.
②Art experts have appealed for the 　　　?。╯uspend） of plans to restore one of Leonardo da Vinci’s most celebrated paintings.
【寫美】　補全句子
③Sales of the drug 　　　　　　　　　　　until more tests are completed.
這種藥品在完成進一步檢驗之前將暫停銷售。
call to呼喚；大聲呼叫
【教材原句】　The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us，reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars，no matter how distant they might seem.
“挑戰者”號的犧牲召喚著、提醒著我們，不管星空看起來多么遙不可及，我們都要持之以恒地去探索。
【用法】
call on sb to do sth　　號召某人做某事 call in 召集，找來 call on/upon sb 拜訪某人 call at 拜訪（某地） call off 取消，解除 call for （公開）要求；需要
【佳句】　David called to the children from the foot of the stairs.
大衛在樓梯下喊孩子們。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①All the factors considered， the planned trip will have to be called 　　　　　　.
②European contact with Nigeria dates back to the 15th century， when Portuguese merchants called 　　　　　　the ancient city of Benin.
【寫美】　補全句子
③Now our government 　　　　　　　　　a low-carbon life.
現在我們的政府號召我們過低碳生活。
remind sb that ... 使某人想起……
【教材原句】　The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us， reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars， no matter how distant they might seem.
“挑戰者”號的犧牲召喚著、提醒著我們，不管星空看起來多么遙不可及，我們都要持之以恒地去探索。
【用法】
（1）remind sb of （doing） sth　　　　　　　提醒某人（做過）某事，使想起（類似的人、地方或事物） remind sb to do sth　提醒某人要做某事 （2）reminder n. 引起回憶的事物 reminder of ……的提醒
【佳句】　Mrs Welland reminded her son that they still had several people to see.
韋蘭太太提醒兒子，他們還有幾個人要拜訪。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The trip to Xizang in my vacation reminded me 　　　　the importance of wildlife protection.
②The teacher tried to analyze the cause of our failure and reminded us 　　　　　　　?。╬ay） attention to his analysis.
【寫美】　補全句子
③I called Jane and 　　　　　　　　　　　the conference had been canceled.
我打電話給簡，提醒她會議取消了。
Part Ⅱ　重點句型解構
句型公式：獨立主格結構作狀語
【教材原句】　Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets， their hearts in their mouths， aware of how arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was， and of the many things that could go wrong.
數百萬人在黑白電視機前觀看了首次登月，為此激動得心都提到了嗓子眼兒，因為大家都明白這是一項多么艱難、多么危險的任務，許多地方都可能出錯。
【用法】
句中their hearts in their mouths 為獨立主格結構，在句中作狀語。 獨立主格的常見結構有： （1）名詞（代詞）＋動詞-ing形式 （2）名詞（代詞）＋過去分詞 （3）名詞（代詞）＋動詞不定式 （4）名詞（代詞）＋介詞短語 （5）名詞（代詞）＋形容詞或副詞 （6）There being＋名詞（代詞） （7）It being＋名詞（代詞）
【品悟】　He was waiting， his eyes on her back.
他在等著，眼睛望著她的背影。
【寫美】　微寫作
①一切安排妥當，他們的爸爸離開廚房，答應保密。
　　　　　　　　　　　　， their father left the kitchen， promising to keep their secret.
②他一見到媽媽，就奔向她的懷抱，內心的恐懼變成了持續的大哭。（情緒描寫）
The instant he saw his mother， he ran into her arms， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　constant crying.
③有這么多的人要幫助我們，我們一定會成功。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， we are sure to succeed.
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖語篇】
第一步
1.set foot on　2.become accustomed to　3.took off　
4.lost its wonder　5.exploded　6.being killed　7.disastrous
8.cast a shadow on　9.suspended　10.sacrifice
第二步
1－4　BABD
第三步
　She planned to give two 15-minute lessons from orbit：the first to demonstrate the controls of the spacecraft and explain how gravity worked， and the second to describe the objectives of the Challenger programme.
第四步
1.獨立主格結構　形容詞短語　賓語　定語　many things　數百萬人在黑白電視機前觀看了首次登月，為此激動得心都跳到了嗓子眼兒，因為大家都明白這是一項多么艱難、多么危險的任務，許多地方都可能出錯。
2.狀語　定語　a computer　后置定語　執行“阿波羅11”號任務的三位宇航員在一臺計算機的指導下都安全返回地球，這臺計算機遠不如當今普通學校的學生使用的計算機功能強大。
【核心知識·巧突破】
核心詞匯集釋
1.①out； on； down?、赼side?、踫et about preparing for； set out to prepare for
2.①accustomed?、贏ccustomed to living in the countryside； Accustoming myself to living in the countryside
3.①exceptional?、趎o　③unexceptional　
④without exception
4.①up?、趏ver?、跿he singing career of the amateur took off
5.①in?、趇nvolvement　③involved　
④involves； involving； Involved
6.①is assumed?、赼ssumption?、踭o be　
④on the assumption that
7.①down　②away　③off?、躢ast a shadow on/over
8.①from　②suspension　③will be suspended
9.①off?、赼t?、踓alls on us to live
10.①of?、趖o pay?、踨eminded her that
重點句型解構
　①Everything settled　②the fear inside turning into　
③So many people to help us
11 / 11(共129張PPT)
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
1
篇章助解·釋疑難
目 錄
2
文本透析·剖語篇
4
課時檢測·提能力
3
核心知識·巧突破
篇章助解·釋疑難
力推課前預習
1
The Call of the Challenger
　　[1]Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on① the Moon back on 20
July 1969， people have become accustomed to② the notion③ of space
travel.[2]Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white
television sets， their hearts in their mouths， aware of④ how arduous⑤
and hazardous⑥ an undertaking it was， and of the many things that could
go wrong.With Armstrong’s now famous words “That’s one small
step for man， one giant leap for mankind”， what had once been
considered impossible had now been achieved.Guided by a computer that
was much less powerful than the ones used by today’s average⑦ school
students， all three astronauts of the Apollo 11 mission made it safely back
to Earth.
　　[1]本句中Ever since引導時間狀語從句，從句用一般過去時，主
句用現在完成時。
　　[2]本句中their hearts in their mouths為獨立主格結構作狀語；第
三個and連接aware of后的并列賓語，前一部分為how引導的賓語從
句，后一部分中the many things為介詞of的賓語，that could go wrong
為定語從句。
【讀文清障】
①set foot on 踏上，登上
②become accustomed to 習慣于（做）某事
③notion n.概念；觀點；看法
④（be） aware of 意識到，明白
⑤arduous adj.艱難的；艱苦的
⑥hazardous adj.危險的，不安全的
⑦average adj.普通的，一般的
　　Following the Moon landings， space travel rapidly became
unexceptional⑧ to the public， as innovations succeeded each
other.[3] By the early 1980s， the great rockets previously used in the
American space programme had been replaced by the space shuttle.When
the Challenger space shuttle took off⑨ on 28 January 1986， the world
seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing achievements of the
astronauts involved.But this was going to be no ordinary excursion， and
millions of people tuned in⑩ to witness the take-off on TV.
It was special because Christa McAuliffe aged 37， an ordinary teacher
and mother， was about to become the first civilian in space.She
planned to give two 15-minute lessons from orbit： the first to demonstrate
the controls of the spacecraft and explain how gravity worked， and the
second to describe the objectives of the Challenger programme.Christa
hoped to communicate a sense of excitement and rekindle interest in the
space programme.With the eyes of students across the nation upon her，
she might have inspired an entirely new generation of astronauts and space
scientists.
　　[3]By后跟表示過去的時間狀語，句子的謂語用過去完成時。
⑧unexceptional adj.平常的
⑨take off 起飛
⑩tune in 收聽，收看
be about to do sth打算做某事
demonstrate v.示范，演示
objective n.目標，目的
a sense of 一種……感
　　Tragically ， she never returned to her classroom as the shuttle
exploded just over a minute after taking off in Florida， and all seven
astronauts on board were killed.The world went into shock， most
people having assumed that this space flight would be no more dangerous
than travelling in an aeroplane.How wrong they had been！
Instantaneously ， excitement and optimism turned into terror and
failure.It was the most disastrous space accident ever， and it cast a
shadow on people’s hearts.
　　“I can remember that day so clearly， watching the take-off on TV
at school，” said one student.“There was an ordinary teacher on the
Challenger， and we were all very excited.We didn’t have much
patience waiting for the launch.We had seen the smiling faces of the
astronauts waving to the world as they stepped into the shuttle.Then，
little more than a minute after take-off， we saw a strange red and orange
light in the sky， followed by a cloud of white smoke.The Challenger had
exploded in mid-air and we all started screaming .”
　　[4]Following the shock of the Challenger disaster， space shuttle
flights were suspended for nearly three years while the cause of the
disaster was investigated ， and some of the shuttle’s components
were redesigned .But there was never any doubt that manned flights
would continue， and on 29 September 1988， the space shuttle
programme resumed with the successful launch of Discovery.
　　It has now been over 30 years since the loss of Challenger and
although the lives of its crew were cut tragically short， they take their
place alongside the other heroes of space exploration， such as Gagarin，
Tereshkova， Armstrong and Yang Liwei.The memory of those seven will
live forever， written in the stars， inspiring us to join them in
humanity’s greatest journey of exploration and discovery.[5] The
sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us， reminding us that we must
continue to reach for the stars， no matter how distant they might seem.
　　[4]Following the shock of the Challenger disaster為動詞-ing形式作
狀語；and為并列連詞，連接并列的時間狀語從句。
　　[5]The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us為句子主干；
reminding ...為動詞-ing形式作狀語，其中that引導賓語從句；no
matter how引導讓步狀語從句。
tragically adv.悲慘地，不幸地
explode v.爆炸
on board 在飛機（火車、船）上
assume v.認為
instantaneously adv.瞬間地
shadow n.壞影響，陰影
cast a shadow on
給……蒙上陰影
scream v.（因疼痛、驚恐、興奮等）尖聲大叫
suspend v.暫停，中止
investigate v.調查
component n.部件，組成部分
redesign v.重新設計
resume v.重新開始
crew n.（飛機上的）全體機組人員
sacrifice n.犧牲
　　自從1969年7月20日尼爾·阿姆斯特朗首次登月以來，人們已習慣
于太空旅行這個概念。數百萬人在黑白電視機前觀看了首次登月，為
此激動得心都提到了嗓子眼兒，因為大家都明白這是一項多么艱難、
多么危險的任務，許多地方都可能出錯。伴隨著阿姆斯特朗說出那句
名言——“這是個人的一小步，卻是人類的一大步”，曾被認為是不
可能的事情如今已經實現了。執行“阿波羅11”號任務的三位宇航員
在一臺計算機的指導下都安全返回地球，這臺計算機遠不如當今普通
學校的學生使用的計算機功能強大。
【參考譯文】
“挑戰者”號的呼喚
　　登月后，隨著新事物接連出現，宇宙航行迅速成為公眾眼中
的尋常之事。20世紀 80 年代早期，美國太空計劃中使用的大型火
箭已被航天飛機所代替。當“挑戰者”號航天飛機于 1986 年 1月
28日發射時，對于宇航員所獲得的令人驚嘆的成就，全世界似乎
已經失去了新鮮感。然而這將不是一次普通的航行，數百萬人打
開電視，共同見證這次發射。這次航行的特殊之處在于一位37歲
名為克麗斯塔·麥考利夫的普通教師兼母親將會成為第一位到訪太
空的普通公民。她計劃在“挑戰者”號沿軌道運行時講兩節課，
每節15分鐘。第一節課要展示航天器的操控裝置，并解釋一下引
力是如何發揮作用的；
第二節課要講述“挑戰者”號太空計劃的目的。克麗斯塔希望借
此傳達她的激動之情，重新燃起人們對太空計劃的興趣。當全國
學生的目光都聚集在她身上時，她或許能激發他們成為新一代宇
航員和太空科學家的理想。
　　令人悲痛的是，她再也沒能回到她的課堂。航天飛機在佛羅里達
州發射僅一分多鐘后就發生了爆炸，機上七名宇航員全部犧牲。全世
界都震驚了！大多數人本以為這次太空航行不會比乘飛機旅行更加危
險，但是所有人都大錯特錯了！激動和樂觀瞬間化為恐懼和挫敗，這
是有史以來最慘烈的航天事故，給人們心里蒙上了陰影。
　　一個學生回憶道：“我非常清楚地記得那天，我在學校通過電視
觀看發射場景。有位普通教師在‘挑戰者’號上，我們都非常激動，
迫不及待地等著發射。我們看到宇航員笑容滿面，向世界揮手致意，
步入航天飛機。然后，發射僅僅一分多鐘后，我們就看到空中奇異的
紅色和橙色的光芒，緊接著是一大團白煙?！魬鹫摺栐诎肟罩斜?br/>炸了，我們都開始尖叫?！?br/>　　“挑戰者”號令人震驚的災難發生后，航天飛機航行中止了近三
年時間，同時調查事故原因，重新設計飛行器的部分零件。但是毫無
疑問，載人飛行絕不會就此停止。1988年9月29日，隨著“發現”號
的成功發射，航天飛機項目重新啟動。
　　“挑戰者”號失事至今已有30 多年了。雖然“挑戰者”號的
機組人員英年早逝，但他們與加加林、捷列什科娃、阿姆斯特朗
和楊利偉等進行太空探索的英雄們一道，都在歷史上占有一席之
地。他們七位的事跡將永存于世，書寫在漫天星辰中，激勵我們
加入他們，共同致力于人類最偉大的探索發現之旅?！疤魬鹫摺?br/>號的犧牲召喚著、提醒著我們，不管星空看起來多么遙不可及，
我們都要持之以恒地去探索。
文本透析·剖語篇
助力語篇理解
2
第一步：析架構理清脈絡
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks.
第二步：知細節明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1. What were people’s feelings when people watched that first lunar
landing？（　　）
A. Happy. B. Nervous.
C. Amazed. D. Proud.
2. What can we infer from Paragraph 2？ （　?。?br/>A. The Challenger wasn’t so attractive as the first lunar landing to
people.
B. Christa was the first to give lessons in space.
C. Before the 1980s， the space shuttle had appeared.
D. The disaster made a difference to people.
3. What happened after the Challenger disaster？（　?。?br/>A. People’s attitude to space travel changed.
B. Space shuttle flight were suspended for nearly 3 years.
C. People succeeded in launching Discovery.
D. The disaster inspires people to continue space exploration.
4. What is the main idea of the last paragraph？ （　?。?br/>A. The great people in space exploration.
B. The memory of the dead seven people.
C. The cause of the disaster.
D. The meaning of the disaster.
第三步：品語言妙筆生輝
　Read the second paragraph and find the sentence that makes a plan.




She planned to give two 15-minute lessons from orbit：the first to
demonstrate the controls of the spacecraft and explain how gravity
worked， and the second to describe the objectives of the Challenger
programme.
第四步：析難句表達升級
1. Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television
sets， their hearts in their mouths， aware of how arduous and
hazardous an undertaking it was， and of the many things that could go
wrong.
句式分析 句中their hearts in their mouths為 作狀
語；aware of ...wrong為 作狀語，其中how引
導 從句，that引導 從句，修飾先行詞
。
自主翻譯


獨立主格結構　
形容詞短語　
賓語　
定語　
many
things　
數百萬人在黑白電視機前觀看了首次登月，為此激動
得心都跳到了嗓子眼兒，因為大家都明白這是一項多么艱難、多么
危險的任務，許多地方都可能出錯?！?br/>2. Guided by a computer that was much less powerful than the ones used
by today’s average school students， all three astronauts of the Apollo
11 mission made it safely back to Earth.
句式分析 句中Guided by a computer為過去分詞短語作 ；
that was much less powerful than the ones used by today’s average
school students為that引導的 從句，修飾先行詞
，其中used by today’s average school students為過去分
詞短語作 ，修飾the ones。
自主翻譯


狀語　
定語　
a
computer　
后置定語　
執行“阿波羅11”號任務的三位宇航員在一臺計算機
的指導下都安全返回地球，這臺計算機遠不如當今普通學校的學生
使用的計算機功能強大?！?br/>核心知識·巧突破
探究課堂重點
3
Part Ⅰ　核心詞匯集釋
set foot on 踏上，登上
【教材原句】　Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon
back on 20 July 1969， people have become accustomed to the notion of
space travel.
自從1969年7月20日尼爾·阿姆斯特朗首次登月以來，人們已習慣于太
空旅行這個概念。
【用法】
set about （doing） sth　開始（做）某事，著手（做）某事
set aside　把……放到一邊；省出，留出（錢或時間）
set out （to do sth）　　出發；開始（做某事）
set up　　創立，設立
set down　　寫下，記下
【佳句】　As soon as I set foot on the land， I was deeply impressed
with its scenery.
一踏上這片土地，我就被它的景色深深吸引了。
【助記】　He set down the recipe in a piece of paper.Then he set about
cooking the fish.
他在一張紙上寫下食譜。然后他開始做魚。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Three days after he set on his journey， he set foot a
lonely island， and began to set in his notebook what he had
seen and heard there.
②The expert urges that young couples should set some money
every month in case of emergency.
out　
on　
down　
aside　
【寫美】　一句多譯
③我們一周前就開始為這個宴會作準備了。
→We the dinner party one week ago.
→We the dinner party one week ago.
set about preparing for　
set out to prepare for　
become accustomed to 習慣于（做）某事
【教材原句】　Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back
on 20 July 1969， people have become accustomed to the notion of space
travel.
自從1969年7月20日尼爾·阿姆斯特朗首次登月以來，人們已習慣于太
空旅行這個概念。
【用法】
（1）accustom v.　　使習慣（于）；使適應
accustom oneself/sb to sth　使某人習慣于
（2）accustomed adj.　　習慣于；通常的
be/get/become accustomed to doing sth　　習慣于做某事
【佳句】　People in north China become accustomed to posting paper-
cuts on their windows during the Spring Festival.
中國北方的人們習慣于在春節期間在窗戶上貼剪紙。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①He took his （accustom） seat by the fire and lit a
cigarette.
accustomed　
【寫美】　同義句轉換
②I am accustomed to living in the countryside，and I always find it hard
to live in the city.
→ ，I always find it hard to
live in the city.（過去分詞短語作狀語）
→ ，I always find it
hard to live in the city.（動詞-ing短語作狀語）
Accustomed to living in the countryside　
Accustoming myself to living in the countryside　
unexceptional adj.平常的
【教材原句】　Following the Moon landings， space travel rapidly
became unexceptional to the public， as innovations succeeded each
other.
登月后，隨著新事物接連出現，宇宙航行迅速成為公眾眼中的尋
常之事。
【用法】
（1）exception n.　　例外；例外的事物
no exception　　不例外
without exception　　無一例外
make an exception　　破例，例外
（2）exceptional adj.　　杰出的；優秀的；特別的
exceptional talent　　非凡的才能
（3）exceptionally adv.　罕見，特別；例外地；只有在特殊情況下
【佳句】　Since then， Michael has lived an unexceptional life.從那時
開始，麥克爾就過著普通的生活。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①His （exception） discrimination ability allowed him
to distinguish between different sounds and voices， even in a noisy
environment.
②The river used to flood every summer， and this year was
exception.
③He was a hard-working， if （exceptional），
student.
exceptional　
no　
unexceptional　
【寫美】　補全句子
④You must report here every Tuesday .
你每周二都必須來此做報告，不得有例外。
without exception　
take off （飛機）起飛；脫掉（衣服）；突然大受歡迎；事業騰飛
【教材原句】　When the Challenger space shuttle took off on 28
January 1986， the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing
achievements of the astronauts involved.
當“挑戰者”號航天飛機于1986年1月28日發射時，對于宇航員所獲
得的令人驚嘆的成就，全世界似乎已經失去了新鮮感。
【用法】
take away　 　拿走；帶走
take on　　呈現；雇用；承擔
take up　　拿起；開始做；占據（時間、空間）
take down　　記下；取下
take over　　接管；繼承
take in　　留宿；吸收；欺騙；理解
【佳句】　After two years of struggling against difficulties along the way
to success，his career finally took off.在通往成功的道路上與困難斗爭
了兩年以后，他的事業最終飛黃騰達。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Whatever weather it is， I always see the policeman take his
duties and direct the traffic.
②It doesn’t matter who will take the company， as no one can
save it from the financial crisis.
up　
over　
【寫美】　補全句子
③ after his CCTV show-up
and he gained fame almost overnight.
這位業余歌手的歌唱事業在他上了央視節目后開始騰飛，他幾乎一夜
成名。
The singing career of the amateur took off　
involve vt.包括；涉及；使參加
【教材原句】　When the Challenger space shuttle took off on 28 January
1986， the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing
achievements of the astronauts involved.當“挑戰者”號航天飛機于
1986年1月28日發射時，對于宇航員所獲得的令人驚嘆的成就，全世
界似乎已經失去了新鮮感。
【用法】
（1）involve sb in （doing） sth　使某人參與（做）某事；使某人牽
扯到某事中
involve doing sth　包括做某事；需要做某事
（2）involved adj.　復雜的；有牽連的；有關的
get/be involved in　被卷入……之中；熱衷于；專心于
be/get involved with sb/sth　與某人混在一起/和某事有密切聯系
（3）involvement n.　　參與；加入；插手
【佳句】　Once when I was facing a decision that involved high risk， I
went to a friend.有一次，當我面臨一個涉及高風險的決定時，我去找
了一個朋友。
【點津】　involved adj.作前置定語時，意為“復雜的”；作后置定
語時，意為“涉及的”。例如：an involved sentence“一個復雜的句
子”；the people involved“所涉及的人”。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①It’s believed that students should involve themselves
community activities where they can gain experience for growth.
②As a representative， he advocated much more
government （involve） in health care.
③When he was young， he did as many things as he could， such as
getting （involve） in sports teams and school clubs.
in　
involvement　
involved　
【寫美】　語段填空
④Mr Brown found a job as a senior school teacher which
spending quite a lot of time with students. Sadly， a serious
accident a group of youths happened on him.
in the car accident， he had no choice but to stay and wait for the
policeman. （involve）
involves　
involving　
Involved　
assume v.假定，設想；認為；承擔，擔任；呈現
【教材原句】　The world went into shock， most people having
assumed that this space flight would be no more dangerous than travelling
in an aeroplane.
全世界都震驚了！大多數人本以為這次太空航行不會比乘飛機旅行更
加危險。
【用法】
（1）assume that　　假定，認為……
assume ...to be ...　　認為/假定……是……
It is assumed that ...　　人們認為……
assume responsible for　　承擔……的責任
（2）assuming （that）　　假定……（作狀語）
（3）assumption n.　　假定
on the assumption that　　假定……
make assumptions about　　設想……
【練透】　單句語法填空
①It （assume） that global warming and climate change
could cause even more disasters in the future.
②A lot of people make the （assume） that poverty only
exists in the developing countries.
③We assumed him （be） the best writer of our time.
佳句】　It is generally assumed that art groups cannot make a profit，
which is wrong.
人們普遍認為藝術團體不能盈利，這是錯誤的。
is assumed　
assumption　
to be　
【寫美】　補全句子
④We are working everyone invited will turn
up.我們假定每一位應邀者都會到場并正在作出安排。
on the assumption that　
cast a shadow on/over 給……蒙上陰影
【教材原句】　It was the most disastrous space accident ever， and it
cast a shadow on people’s hearts.
這是有史以來最慘烈的航天事故，給人們心里蒙上了陰影。
【用法】
cast down　使失望；使沮喪（多用于被動語態）
cast out　　驅逐出去；趕走
cast off　　擺脫掉；拋棄
cast away　　使（船遇難后的幸存者）流落某處；扔掉；浪費（多用
于被動語態）
【佳句】　Don’t let today’s disappointment cast a shadow on
tomorrow’s dreams.
不要讓今天的不愉快給明天的夢想蒙上陰影。
【點津】　cast的過去式和過去分詞均為cast。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Apparently， she was cast by the fact that the majority
objected to her proposal.
②I can’t bear young people casting their youth.
③You must really cast all these bad habits.
down　
away　
off　
【寫美】　補全句子
④The current situation， in a certain degree， may
the future of the talk.
目前的局勢在一定程度上可能會給會談的未來蒙上陰影。
cast a shadow
on/over　
suspend v.暫停，中止；推遲；使懸浮
【教材原句】　Following the shock of the Challenger disaster，space
shuttle flights were suspended for nearly three years while the cause of the
disaster was investigated，and some of the shuttle’s components were
redesigned.
“挑戰者”號令人震驚的災難發生后，航天飛機航行中止了近三年時
間，同時調查事故原因，重新設計飛行器的部分零件。
【用法】
（1）suspend sth/sb （from sth） （by/on sth）　　懸/掛/吊……
在……上
suspend sth　　暫停/中止某事；推遲
suspend sb （from sth） 使某人暫時停職/學
（2）suspension n.　　暫令停職（或停學、停賽等）；暫緩，延遲
【佳句】　He was suspended for four games after arguing with the
referee.
跟裁判發生爭執之后，他被停賽四場。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Julie was suspended her job shortly after the incident.
②Art experts have appealed for the （suspend） of plans
to restore one of Leonardo da Vinci’s most celebrated paintings.
from　
suspension　
【寫美】　補全句子
③Sales of the drug until more tests are completed.
這種藥品在完成進一步檢驗之前將暫停銷售。
will be suspended　
call to呼喚；大聲呼叫
【教材原句】　The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us，reminding us
that we must continue to reach for the stars，no matter how distant they
might seem.
“挑戰者”號的犧牲召喚著、提醒著我們，不管星空看起來多么遙不
可及，我們都要持之以恒地去探索。
【用法】
call on sb to do sth　　號召某人做某事
call in　　召集，找來
call on/upon sb　　拜訪某人
call at　　拜訪（某地）
call off　　取消，解除
call for　?。ü_）要求；需要
【佳句】　David called to the children from the foot of the stairs.
大衛在樓梯下喊孩子們。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①All the factors considered， the planned trip will have to be
called .
②European contact with Nigeria dates back to the 15th century， when
Portuguese merchants called the ancient city of Benin.
off　
at　
【寫美】　補全句子
③Now our government a low-carbon life.
現在我們的政府號召我們過低碳生活。
calls on us to live　
remind sb that ... 使某人想起……
【教材原句】　The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us， reminding
us that we must continue to reach for the stars， no matter how distant
they might seem.
“挑戰者”號的犧牲召喚著、提醒著我們，不管星空看起來多么遙不
可及，我們都要持之以恒地去探索。
【用法】
（1）remind sb of （doing） sth　提醒某人（做過）某事，使想起
（類似的人、地方或事物）
remind sb to do sth　　提醒某人要做某事
（2）reminder n.　　引起回憶的事物
reminder of 　　……的提醒
【佳句】　Mrs Welland reminded her son that they still had several
people to see.
韋蘭太太提醒兒子，他們還有幾個人要拜訪。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The trip to Xizang in my vacation reminded me the importance
of wildlife protection.
②The teacher tried to analyze the cause of our failure and reminded
us （pay） attention to his analysis.
of　
to pay　
【寫美】　補全句子
③I called Jane and the conference had been
canceled.
我打電話給簡，提醒她會議取消了。
reminded her that　
Part Ⅱ　重點句型解構
句型公式：獨立主格結構作狀語
【教材原句】　Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and
white television sets， their hearts in their mouths， aware of how
arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was， and of the many things that
could go wrong.數百萬人在黑白電視機前觀看了首次登月，為此激動
得心都提到了嗓子眼兒，因為大家都明白這是一項多么艱難、多么危
險的任務，許多地方都可能出錯。
【用法】
句中their hearts in their mouths 為獨立主格結構，在句中作狀語。
獨立主格的常見結構有：
（1）名詞（代詞）＋動詞-ing形式
（2）名詞（代詞）＋過去分詞
（3）名詞（代詞）＋動詞不定式
（4）名詞（代詞）＋介詞短語
（5）名詞（代詞）＋形容詞或副詞
（6）There being＋名詞（代詞）
（7）It being＋名詞（代詞）
【品悟】　He was waiting， his eyes on her back.
他在等著，眼睛望著她的背影。
【寫美】　微寫作
①一切安排妥當，他們的爸爸離開廚房，答應保密。
， their father left the kitchen， promising to keep
their secret.
②他一見到媽媽，就奔向她的懷抱，內心的恐懼變成了持續的大哭。
（情緒描寫）
The instant he saw his mother， he ran into her arms，
constant crying.
③有這么多的人要幫助我們，我們一定會成功。
， we are sure to succeed.
Everything settled　
the fear inside
turning into　
So many people to help us　
課時檢測·提能力
培育學科素養
4
維度一：品句填詞
1. The mission for the （全體機組人員） of the spaceship is
essentially over.
2. We thought it would make a difference in helping him step out of
the （陰影） of that accident.
3. In June， the officials （中止） the company’s
export licence.
crew　
shadow　
suspended　
4. Upon hearing the fire alarm， the people in the building were panicked
and s .
5. Some people have the wrong n that one can get infected with
AIDS by giving blood.
creamed　
otion　
維度二：詞形轉換
1. They were （tragic） wrong， of course， but a lot of
smart people believed them.
2. The photographs are fairly predictable and
（exceptional）.
3. The （assume） that calendar came into being has
proved to be correct.
4. The report calls for a ban on the import of （hazard）
waste.
tragically　
unexceptional　
assumption　
hazardous　
5. It will not be long before you get accustomed to （drive）
on the left side of the road in Britain.
6. The school allows a partial （suspend） of its rules on
the last day of term.
driving　
suspension　
維度三：固定搭配和句式
1. When the explorers first （踏上） the continent of
North America， the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing
variety of wildlife.
2. We always （收聽） to the latest news at ten o’clock to
know better about the world.
3. The judgement （蒙上陰影） his future， so he
felt angry and decided to appeal to a higher court.
set foot on　
tune in　
cast a shadow on　
4. When the delayed flight will （起飛） depends much on
the weather.
5. （天氣許可的話）， we can go for a picnic
with the teacher’s permission.
6. （無論多么遙遠） apart we are， my thoughts
always find their way back to you.
7. （毫無疑問） that this candidate’s advantage
lies in his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.
take off　
Weather permitting　
No matter how far　
There is no doubt　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　A group of planners， scientists and engineers in charge of China’s
Chang’e 5 robotic lunar mission have received the highest team award
from the International Academy of Astronautics. At the academy’s
annual conference on Sunday in Baku， the capital of Azerbaijan， the
Chinese team was awarded the 2023 Laurels for Team Achievement
Award.
　　Hu Hao， chief designer of the Chang’e 5 mission and a senior
planner at the China National Space Administration， said at the ceremony
that he hopes more scientists and engineers from the international space
community could take part in China’s lunar exploration projects. He also
added that the samples retrieved （回收） by the Chang’e 5 probe will
soon be open to foreign researchers.
　　One of the world’s most notable space activities in 2020， the
Chang’e 5 robotic mission was launched in November 2020. It was
China’s first lunar sample-returning mission and one of its most
sophisticated and challenging space attempts. The landmark mission
returned 1，731 grams of rocks and soil back to Earth on Dec 17， 2020，
presenting the first lunar substances to humans since the Apollo era.
　　On the certificate awarded to the Chinese team， the academy wrote
that during the 23-day mission， the Chang’e-5 team successfully
completed the complicated mission which included a rocket launch，
lunar-Earth transfer， lunar sampling， lunar surface takeoff，
rendezvous and docking， sample transfer， skip re-entry and many other
processes， and obtained two types of lunar samples. It noted the Chinese
team has made outstanding contributions to mankind’s lunar and deep-
space exploration.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。中國嫦娥五號機器人探月任務的
規劃者、科學家和工程師獲得了國際宇航科學院頒發的最高團隊。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。中國嫦娥五號機器人探月任務的
規劃者、科學家和工程師獲得了國際宇航科學院頒發的最高團隊獎。
1. Where is the text most probably taken from？（　?。?br/>A. An advertisement of a robotic lunar company.
B. A research on Chinese lunar exploration.
C. A news report about an international awarding ceremony.
D. A review of the International Academy of Astronautics.
解析：　文章出處題。根據第一段內容可知，本文主要講述了
中國嫦娥五號探月工程團隊在阿塞拜疆巴庫舉辦的國際宇航大
會期間，榮獲了最高團隊獎。文章屬于新聞報道，記錄了本次
獲獎事件。
2. What can we infer from Hu Hao’s words？（　　）
A. China encourages cooperation and sharing in exploring the moon.
B. China has made a difference to international space community.
C. China National Space Administration will soon be open to the world.
D. Chang’e 5 probe will soon continue its mission.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第二段內容可知，胡浩期待更多科學
家和工程師參與中國的探月工程，并且采集的樣本也即將向外國科
學家開放。由此推斷，他希望國家在探月工程方面鼓勵國家間合作
共贏，共享科研成果。
3. What can we know from the Chang’e 5 robotic mission？（　?。?br/>A. It marks the world’s first lunar sample-returning mission.
B. It contains various missions except for sample transfer.
C. It was launched in December 2020.
D. It’s a complex space exploration.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第三段前兩句可知，嫦娥五號任務具
有復雜性和挑戰性，即它是一次復雜的太空探索。
4. Which of the following could be the best title for the text？（　　）
A. Hu Hao： A Pioneer in Chinese Lunar Exploration
B. Amazing Lunar Adventures： A Fairy Tale Has Come True
C. Challenging Ways to Returning the First Lunar Sample
D. The Impact of International Academy of Astronautics
解析：　標題歸納題。根據文章內容尤其是第一段可知，文章主
要介紹了嫦娥五號探月工程所取得的輝煌成績，從著陸月球到月表
采樣再到成功攜帶樣本返回地球，任務的實施是不容易的，而最終
的成功也踐行了“嫦娥奔月”這個古老神話。
B
　　Nuclear bombs. That’s the go-to answer for incoming space objects
like asteroids （小行星） and comets， as far as Hollywood is
concerned. Movies like Deep Impact and Armageddon rely on nuclear
weapons， delivered by stars like Bruce Willis， to save the world and
deliver the drama.
　　But planetary defense experts say in reality， if astronomers spotted a
dangerous incoming space rock， the safest and best answer might be
something more subtle， like simply pushing it off course by crashing it
with a small spacecraft.
　　That’s just what NASA did on Monday evening， when a spacecraft
headed straight into an asteroid called Dimorphos， which is around 7
million miles away and poses no threat to Earth. It’s about 525 feet
across and orbits another larger asteroid.
　　In images streamed as the impact neared， the egg-shaped asteroid
grew in size from a little spot on screen to having its full rocky surface
come quickly into focus before the signal went dead as the craft hit right on
target.
　　Events happened exactly as engineers had planned， they said， with
nothing going wrong. “As far as we can tell， our first planetary defense
test was a success，” said Elena Adams， the mission systems
engineer， who added that scientists looked on with “both terror and
joy” as the spacecraft neared its final destination.
　　The impact was the peak of NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection
Test （DART）， a 7-year and more than $300 million effort which
launched a space vehicle in November 2021 to perform humanity’s first
ever test of planetary defense technology. It will be about two months，
scientists said， before they will be able to determine if the impact was
enough to drive the asteroid slightly off course， probably shortening its
original orbit.
　　NASA plans to launch an asteroid-hunting space telescope named
NEO Surveyor in 2026. “We’ve tracked lots of space rocks， especially
the larger ones that could cause extinction-level events. Thankfully， none
currently threatens Earth. But many asteroids the size of Dimorphos
haven’t yet been discovered， and those could potentially take out a city
if they came crashing down.” explains Lindley Johnson， NASA’s
Planetary Defense Officer.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。美國國家航空航天局（NASA）進
行了一次小行星防御測試，即使用航天器撞擊小行星以改變其軌道
的實驗。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。美國國家航空航天局（NASA）進
行了一次小行星防御測試，即使用航天器撞擊小行星以改變其軌道
的實驗。
5. How did scientists know the craft hit the asteroid successfully？
（　?。?br/>A. The little spot on the screen suddenly disappeared.
B. The signal from the craft was lost as it hit the target.
C. They monitored the craft with satellites in space.
D. They recorded the whole process with a telescope.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第四段內容可知，蛋形的小行星在屏
幕上由一個小光點快速變大，遍布巖石的行星表面很快進入了人們
的視野，在飛行器撞上小行星的同時，傳輸信號中斷了。
6. What is the purpose of launching the spacecraft？（　?。?br/>A. To save the world and deliver a drama.
B. To search for evidence of alien life.
C. To test technology for defending Earth.
D. To end the asteroid’s threat to Earth.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第二段和倒數第二段第一句可知，發
射飛行器的目的是測試星球防御技術。
7. What can be inferred about Dimorphos？（　?。?br/>A. It is expected to blow up after the impact.
B. It may orbit the same asteroid after the hit.
C. It is an egg-shaped asteroid around Earth.
D. It is a dangerous incoming space rock.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第三段最后一句可知，該小行星圍繞
另一顆大一點的小行星運轉；再根據倒數第二段最后一句可知，科
學家預測，飛行器撞上該小行星后，可能會將原來的軌道縮短。綜
合推斷，Dimorphos可能在撞擊后繞同一顆小行星運行。
8. Which statement will Lindley Johnson probably agree with？（　?。?br/>A. Larger asteroids will no longer threaten Earth.
B. NASA is responsible for the safety of Earth.
C. Asteroids are equally destructive whatever the size.
D. NEO Surveyor is aimed to track smaller asteroids.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據最后一段內容可知，NASA已經追蹤
了很多大一點的太空巖石，但是許多像Dimorphos這樣大小的小行
星還沒有被發現，如果它們墜落，可能會摧毀一座城市。由此推
斷，NASA計劃發射太空望遠鏡NEO Surveyor主要是為了追蹤體積
更小的小行星。
C
　　What do you do when nobody is around to take your picture？You
take a selfie.But what about selfies in space？NASA astronaut Buzz
Aldrin， who famously became the second man to walk on the Moon in
July 1969， said that he took the first selfie in space during the Gemini 12
mission in 1966.
　　“For me， it needs to be digital to be a selfie，” argues Jennifer
Levasseur， who is in charge of the Smithsonian National Air and Space
Museum.According to Levasseur，the concept of a selfie is directly linked
to Internet culture and the human desire to interact on social
platforms.“The thing that makes a selfie is sharing it，” she says.
　　Still， astronauts have been carrying cameras aboard space vehicles
since the 1960s.In 1966， Aldrin used a Hasselblad camera designed
specifically for space.Hasselblad also painted the first camera in space
matte black （磨砂黑） to reduce reflections in the window of the
orbiter.But cameras used in space need to survive extreme conditions，
like temperature swinging from－149 °F to 248 °F，so Hasselblad
painted later models silver.
　　Astronauts had to pull the film magazines （膠卷盒） out and leave
their cameras behind when they returned to the Earth， because early space
missions were restricted by a weight limit on the return trip.
　　A big change in space camera technology came after the sad loss of
the space shuttle Columbia， which broke apart on its return to the Earth in
2003.“Fearing that they would never be able to bring the film back from
space and lose all that hard work accelerated the push for being digital，”
Levasseur says.
　　Today， astronauts can have access to the Internet and social
platforms in space and post true space selfies taken by digital cameras.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了太空自拍的歷史。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了太空自拍的歷史。
9. How did the Hasselblad camera adapt to space temperature changes？
（　?。?br/>A. By changing its inner design.
B. By reducing its reflections.
C. By making it stronger.
D. By painting it silver.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第三段中的But cameras used in space
need to survive extreme conditions， like temperature swinging from
－149 °F to 248 °F， so Hasselblad painted later models silver.可
知，為了使照相機能夠在極端環境下工作，Hasselblad把它漆成了
銀色。
10. Why were cameras left in space on early space missions？（　　）
A. To lighten the load of the spaceship.
B. To test cameras under extreme conditions.
C. To prepare for the next space exploration.
D. To take more pictures on the next trip.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第四段內容可知，照相機被留在太
空的原因是飛船載重有限。
11. What advanced space camera technology？（　?。?br/>A. The invention of new films.
B. The popularity of space selfies.
C. The concern about the loss of valuable data.
D. The fear of falling behind in the space race.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第五段中的Fearing that they would
never be able to bring the film back from space and lose all that hard
work accelerated the push for being digital可知，害怕在太空中拍攝
的內容丟失加速了太空相機技術的發展。
12. What is the best title for the text？（　?。?br/>A. The Origin of Selfies in Space
B. The History of Selfies in Space
C. The Significance of Selfies in Space
D. The Technique of Selfies in Space
解析：　標題歸納題。通讀全文內容可知，本文主要介紹了太
空自拍的歷史。因此B項為本文最佳標題。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　The age of space exploration started on 12 April 1961， when the
Russian astronaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human to journey to outer
space. But why do we go to environments that are dangerous and even
deadly to humans？ The answer is simple. 13.（　?。?In this article，
we’ll read the major four benefits of space exploration.
　　Promote the progress of medicine
　　14. （　　） For example， analyzing the effects of zero-gravity
（零重力） on blood flow led to many discoveries on how to prevent
some heart illnesses. The experiments and measurements of bone strength
and bone loss in astronauts have helped doctors better understand bone
diseases.
　　Develop new technologies
　　The space race has birthed the most technological advancements in the
shortest period of time. 15.（　?。?For example， the running shoes
were originally developed for astronauts. We use them in our day-to-day
lives without even knowing that some NASA engineers originally
developed them for the Apollo program that took humankind to the moon.
　　Start space tourism
　　The biggest dream some of us have is being able to take a trip to outer
space. However， it is still too expensive to go to space. As reusable
rockets improve， the costs of these trips will become significantly lower.
16.（　　）
　　Inspire the next generation
　　Space exploration stimulates the curiosity of children. 17.（　　）
Not only is this good for them as STEM （Science， Technology，
Engineering and Mathematics） jobs can secure them a comfortable
future， but it also helps humans.
A. Technologies have advanced considerably.
B. It gets students interested in science and technology.
C. Hopefully one day they’ll be within the reach for all of us.
D. These include stepping up cooperation in space exploration.
E. The benefits of space exploration go beyond the dangers of it.
F. Studying the effects of space travel can lead to some medical benefits.
G. Throughout the years， companies have found consumer uses for many
of these developments.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了太空探索的四大好
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了太空探索的四大好處。
13. E　上文中的問句是在提出問題，而空后一句是在回答這個問題。
E項（太空探索的好處遠遠大于它的危險）解釋了為什么我們要去探
索太空，承上啟下。
14. F　根據小標題可知，本段是在講太空探索對醫學的影響。F項
（研究太空旅行的影響可以帶來一些醫療益處）符合語境。
15. G　下文的舉例說明了原本為宇航員開發的技術也應用到了普通
人的生活中。G項（多年來，公司已經為這些發展成果的許多方面找
到了消費用途）符合語境。
16. C　根據上句可知，太空旅行的成本大大降低了，空處應該說明
這會帶來什么好處。C項（希望有一天我們所有人都能接觸到它們）
承接上文。
17. B　上句是在講太空探索對孩子們的影響。B項（它讓學生對科學
技術感興趣）說明了太空探索所激發的好奇心使學生對科學技術感興
趣，也是太空探索對孩子的影響。
Ⅲ.語法填空
　　Scientists have found a new risk of space travel.They have discovered
that our DNA can change while 18. 　　　　　　 （go） into
space.DNA mutations （改變） could increase the risk of space travelers
getting cancer.The scientists did research 19. 　　　　　　 14 NASA
astronauts who took part in the Space Shuttle program between 1998 and
2001.20. 　　　　　　 astronauts provided blood samples ten days
before they went into space and three days after returning to the Earth.The
blood 21. 　　　　　　
（freeze） for the past 20 years.Professor David Goukassian said，
“Astronauts work in an extreme environment 22. 　　　　　many factors can result in mutations.”He added，“Space radiation means there is a risk that mutations could develop.” Professor Goukassian said 23. 　　　　　　 （he） study could be important for the future of space travel.In particular， several nations are 24. 　　　　　?。╝ctive） working on sending astronauts to Mars.Other countries are preparing to build bases on the Moon.There is also a race by 25. 　　　　　　
（commerce） companies to start the business of space
tourism.Goukassian said there were possible health risks to space travel
and to exploring deep space.He said more research was needed
26. 　　　　　　 （study） the harmful effects of space travel on the
human body.This could be important for NASA’s Artemis project.This
aims to send people back to the Moon for the first time in 50 years.The last
time 27. 　　　　　　 （human） went to the Moon was during the
Apollo 17 mission in December 1972.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。科學家發現我們的DNA在進入太空
時會發生變化。DNA突變可能會增加太空旅行者患癌癥的風險。
18. going　考查省略句。此處為“while＋動詞-ing形式”省略結構作
狀語，while后省略了we are，故填going。
19. on　考查介詞。do research on 意為“對……進行研究”，故填
on。
20. The　考查冠詞。此處特指那些參與研究的宇航員，故填The。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文?？茖W家發現我們的DNA在進入太空
時會發生變化。DNA突變可能會增加太空旅行者患癌癥的風險。
21. has been frozen　考查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致。根據時間狀
語for the past 20 years可知，應用現在完成時，同時表示被動，故填
has been frozen。
22. where　考查定語從句?？仗幰龑ФㄕZ從句，修飾先行詞
environment，同時在定語從句中作地點狀語，故填where。
23. his　考查代詞。study是名詞，前面應用形容詞性物主代詞作定
語，故填his。
24. actively　考查詞形轉換。修飾動詞working，應用副詞作狀語，故
填actively。
mercial　考查詞形轉換。修飾名詞companies，應用形容詞作
定語，故填commercial。
26. to study　考查非謂語動詞。根據語境可知，空處應用動詞不定式
作目的狀語，故填to study。
27. humans　考查名詞的單復數。human是可數名詞，前無限定詞，
故填復數humans。
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