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Unit 6 Space and beyond Using language課件 (共87張PPT+學案 +練習)高中英語外研版(2019)選擇性必修 第四冊

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Unit 6 Space and beyond Using language課件 (共87張PPT+學案 +練習)高中英語外研版(2019)選擇性必修 第四冊

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Section Ⅱ Using language
維度一:基礎題型練
品句填詞
1.The second window, shown in Figure 4, is the       (模擬的) browser.
2.In Ancient China lived an artist whose paintings were almost       (逼真的).
3.Unless you       (提交) an application within seven days, the investment will be withdrawn.
4.The wide plain, with thousands of animals on the move, was an a       spectacle.
5.The flight s       is even more smooth and fun to fly than ever.
維度二:語法與寫作
補全句子
1.             in the following year!
祝你在新的一年里好運連連!
2.             on such a crowded road on a rainy day?
下雨天,你敢在這么擁擠的道路上開車嗎?
3.We             too much roast food as it may do harm to our health.
我們最好不要吃太多的燒烤食品,因為它可能對我們的健康有害。
4.I’d appreciate it if              at your earliest convenience.
如果在你方便的時候能盡早回復我的信,我將非常感激。
5.I am sorry; I             at my daughter.
我感到后悔,我本不該對我女兒大喊大叫。
維度三:語法與語篇
根據語境,用適當的情態動詞填空。
  I 1.       have worried before I came to the new school,for my classmates here are very friendly to me.Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I danced as well as her.No one 2.       be compared with Ellen in dancing.Jack is a great talker.It’s high time that he did something instead of just talking.I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese,and I said “Ni Hao” just as I 3.       do in China.Teachers recommend parents 4.       not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.Students 5.       obey school rules.One of our rules is that every student 6.       wear the school uniform while at school.
  It is required by the rules that students 7.       get grades not lower than 85 in any subject in order to get the scholarship.It is beyond my understanding that many adults 8.        be so crazy about Harry Potter series like me.
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
  On Dec 9, 2021, astronauts Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu held their first open class aboard the Tianhe core module of the Chinese space station for pupils.
  In the 50-minute online class, the three astronauts explained daily life in space, how to walk in a microgravity environment and showed the children how to recycle water, oxygen and carbon dioxide in their environment. Applause broke out among the 1,420-strong audience at the CSTM when one of the three astronauts poured out water, which formed into a perfect ball. Applause broke out again when they put an effervescent tablet (泡騰片) into the water, which sparked into bubbles (氣泡). But the bubbles did not burst and instead stayed complete.
  The open science lesson was broadcast live to the nation. On domestic video-sharing website Bilibili alone, the open course was watched at least 6 million times, with more views on other platforms and TV channels.
  For Shi Hao, a space specialist at China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, the growing desire of school pupils to pursue knowledge about space reflects the growing potential of China in exploring the universe in the future.
  “I still remember how impressed I was by the launch of Shenzhou Ⅵin September 2005. From then on, I have carved out the dream of pursuing my career in astronautics from the bottom of my heart.” Shi said. “For many people like me, this is not only a job, but a lifelong addiction and commitment. It is of vital importance to let Chinese youths touch astronautics during their childhood so as to sustain the building of talents.”
  He was echoed (回應) by Zhou, who places high hopes on the future of China’s space industry. “We have a population of 1.4 billion, of which more than 200 million are pupils at school. By inspiring their enthusiasm, China will get an abundant supply of talents for the national space research team.”he said.“Chinese people will step further in the universe and the hope lies in our children.”
1.What happened to the bubbles in the experiment?(  )
A.They kept in an original state.
B.They broke all of a sudden.
C.They disappeared completely.
D.They floated in the space craft.
2.What can we learn about Shi Hao?(  )
A.He was born with a talent in astronautics.
B.He is devoted to his career in astronautics.
C.He is an inspiration to many school pupils.
D.He was involved in the launch of Shenzhou Ⅵ.
3.Which statement will Zhou probably agree with?(  )
A.It is tough to inspire pupils’ enthusiasm at school.
B.It is essential to expose children to space exploration.
C.It is unlikely to get abundant space research talents.
D.It is challenging to launch space courses among pupils.
4.Why did the author write this passage?(  )
A.To introduce a unique lesson about an experiment in space.
B.To compliment the great achievements of space made in China.
C.To strengthen the importance of space knowledge among pupils.
D.To encourage astronautics staffs to devote themselves to their career.
B
  Mars is no stranger to life. Seven US spacecraft have successfully landed there, and all of them took microbes to the planet’s surface (though the bugs probably did not survive for long). Yet the world’s space agencies continue to maintain strict spacecraft sterilization (消毒) procedures in the hope of minimizing the spread of Earth life beyond our planet. For decades this idea — known as planetary protection — is widespread. Now, some scientists say, these procedures are preventing the search for life beyond Earth by raising costs and preventing innovative missions — without meaningful benefits.
  Of all missions to Mars to date, only the Vikings, the first trip to the Red Planet, were intended to test for life. Spacecraft that went later did not have that ability. But a future mission will, and the protectionist thinking goes, a spacecraft might not be able to distinguish between a life form native to Mars and one with origins on Earth. In July 2013 astrobiologists Dirk Schulze-Makuch and Alberto Fairén argued against this in Nature Geoscience.
  “If Earth life can thrive on Mars, they almost certainly already do,” the authors write. “If they cannot, the transfer of Earth life to Mars should be of no concern, as it would simply not survive.”
  With clear evidence of a watery history and some signs of water present, Mars could be where we find life in our solar system. And with the development of Curiosity’s precise landing system, we can finally reach the mysterious parts of the planet. But it’s these areas that require a craft sterilization process.
  In the 1970s Vikings 1 and 2 revealed what seemed like a dead planet, so planetary-protection requirements were relaxed. Now, with more knowledge of Mars’ environment, missions set to visit areas with evidence of flowing water below the surface have to meet the strict-and more costly-Vikings standards.
  Finally, there’s the philosophical problem of what responsibility, if any, we have to other planets and any life we leave there. The truth is we’re never going to be able to fully protect Mars if we intend to explore it. And spreading is simply what life does.
  “If we want to survive for a long time, we have to expand beyond Earth,” Schulze-Makuch says. “There’s no other way.”
5.Strict spacecraft sterilization procedures are meant to     .(  )
A.decrease the costs of space exploration
B.help the search for life forms beyond Earth
C.contribute to innovative missions in the universe
D.prevent Earth life being transferred to other planets
6.Planetary-protection requirements were relaxed in the 1970s because     .(  )
A.there was no precise landing system
B.Mars was considered to be a lifeless planet
C.the mysterious parts of Mars remained unknown
D.flowing water was found below the surface of Mars
7.Dirk Schulze-Makuch and Alberto Fairén are most likely to agree that     .(  )
A.Mars is now on the edge of being destroyed
B.human beings are too ambitious to expand beyond Earth
C.there is no need to worry about bringing Earth life to Mars
D.we need to be responsible for keeping Mars what it is like now
8.Schulze-Makuch takes a(n)    attitude towards planetary protection. (  )
A.optimistic       B.relaxed
C.debatable D.negative
Ⅱ.完形填空
  Camels have beautifully adapted to the severe life in our planet’s hot and dry deserts.They have not just lived in these areas but also helped  9  human life there.
  The 7ft mammals take in every bit of  10  from their plant-based diets.Their humps store fat, which the camels use as a(n)  11  of water and energy on the move.These animals don’t even  12  in the 49 ℃ desert heat.
  There are two  13  of camels — Bactrian and Arabian.The Bactrian camels have two humps and live in the rocky deserts of Central Asia.The Arabian camels have just one hump.They are  14  in North Africa and the Middle East.
  A group of geneticists  15 over 1,080 Arabian camels.They  16  the DNA of these camels from around the world, with DNA samples taken from ancient camel fossils.
  They found a surprising  17  at the DNA level — that is, even camels that were geographically separated shared very similar genes.The  18  for this was clear.Many Arabian camels were a necessary part of trading caravans that traveled long distances across continents.Often,  19  were forced to leave behind some  20  animals and take fresh animals on their return journey.This  21  centuries of cross-breeding, and very similar genes across camel populations in different areas.
  This genetic mixing means camels are also likely to adapt  22  to changing environments.With issues of climate change and desert areas growing around the world, camels could possibly adapt much better to such  23  than other species of animals.
9.( )A.support B.decide
C.record D.influence
10.( )A.meat B.water
C.blood D.nutrition
11.( )A.method B.example
C.choice D.source
12.( )A.sweat B.sleep
C.rest D.eat
13.( )A.sizes     B.types
C.colours D.functions
14.( )A.examined B.protected
C.found D.raised
15.( )A.saved B.freed
C.studied D.bought
16.( )A.reported B.compared
C.related D.painted
17.( )A.similarity B.quality
C.picture D.idea
18.( )A.concern B.value
C.reason D.excuse
19.( )A.businessmen B.farmers
C.hunters D.travelers
20.( )A.small B.lazy
C.hungry D.worn-out
21.( )A.referred to B.pointed to
C.led to D.belonged to
22.( )A.quickly B.directly
C.safely D.suddenly
23.( )A.failures B.results
C.events D.changes
Ⅲ.語法填空
  On Earth, everyone has a home.While in space, there is also a home.It is nearly as big as a soccer field and 24.       (large) than a six-bedroom house.It is the International Space Station (ISS).
  The ISS is home to astronauts.25.      (usual), there are three to six astronauts on board.Astronauts in the space station are very busy 26.       (do) many science experiments in biology and physics.They study the effects 27.      the human body after long exposure to microgravity.Sometimes they go on spacewalks to work outside the station.
  As a groundbreaking scientific research facility, the ISS 28.       (benefit) people on the Earth.Robots on the ISS have inspired medical technology.Now it is possible for patients 29.       (receive) certain surgery by a robotic arm, 30.       performs better than humans.The ISS also helps to watch the Earth’s ecosystems 31.       warns us of volcano eruptions and earthquakes.
In the future, space will be home to more 32.       (station) like the ISS.China has built 33.       (it) own space station, and it will be open to the whole world to explore the unknown together.
Section Ⅱ Using language
基礎知識自測
維度一
1.simulated 2.lifelike 3.submit 4.awesome 5.simulator
維度二
1.May you be lucky
2.Do you dare to drive a car
3.had better not eat
4.you could reply to my letter
5.shouldn’t have shouted
維度三
1.needn’t 2.can 3.might 4.should 5.must 6.shall
7.shall 8.should
素養能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀:本文是一篇新聞報道。2021年12月9日,中國航天員在中國空間站進行了“天宮課堂”第一節課的授課,這次太空授課取得了圓滿成功。
1.A 細節理解題。根據第二段最后一句可知,實驗中的氣泡并沒有破裂,而是保持了最初的完整狀態。
2.B 細節理解題。根據第五段中Shi Hao所說的For many people like me, this is not only a job, but a lifelong addiction and commitment.可知,Shi Hao終身致力于航天事業。
3.B 推理判斷題。根據最后一段中Zhou所說的Chinese people will step further in the universe and the hope lies in our children可知,Zhou認為中國太空探索的希望在于我們的孩子。由此推斷,他會贊同“必須讓孩子們接觸太空探索”這一說法。
4.C 推理判斷題。通讀全文尤其是第一段、第五段最后一句和第六段中Zhou所說的Chinese people will step ...lies in our children.可推知,空間站上的首次公開課和相關專業人員以及科學家的話語表達了加強學生航空航天知識學習的重要性。
語篇解讀:本文是一篇議論文。文章主要闡述了對“行星保護”這種看法的不同觀點。
5.D 細節理解題。根據第一段第三句可知,航天器消毒程序是希望盡量減少地球生命在我們星球之外的傳播。
6.B 推理判斷題。根據倒數第三段第一句可知,行星保護要求在20世紀70年代被放寬了是因為火星被認為是一個沒有生命的星球。
7.C 推理判斷題。根據第二段最后一句及第三段內容可知,他們認為沒有必要擔心把地球上的生命帶到火星。
8.D 推理判斷題。根據最后一段可知,舒爾茨-馬庫奇支持擴張,對行星保護采取了一種反對的態度。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀:本文是一篇說明文。遺傳學家發現,不同品種的駱駝有著相似的基因。
9.A 根據常識可知,駱駝對生活在沙漠里的人很有幫助。
10.D 根據本句中的diets可知,從食物中吸收的應該是營養。
11.D 根據本句中的fat可知,儲存在駝峰里的脂肪是駱駝活動時所需水和能量的來源。
12.A 根據空后的in the 49 ℃ desert heat可推測,這里指駱駝甚至在49 ℃的高溫中都不出汗。
13.B 根據本段內容可知,Bactria (雙峰駝)和Arabian (阿拉伯單峰駝)是兩個不同的駱駝品種。
14.C 對照上文中的live in the rocky deserts of Central Asia可知,在北非和中東能找到阿拉伯單峰駝。
15.C 根據下段中的They found ...shared very similar genes.可知,這些遺傳學家應該是研究了1,080頭阿拉伯單峰駝,并對這些駱駝的DNA進行比較后才發現這些駱駝的基因很相似。
16.B 參見上題解析。
17.A 本句中的shared very similar genes提示了本題答案。
18.C 本句后介紹的就是不同地方的駱駝基因相似的原因。
19.A 根據上句中的trading caravans可知,這里指商人。
20.D 根據本空后的fresh animals可知,這里指留下精疲力竭的駱駝,重新換一批精力充沛的駱駝。
21.C 根據上文中的across continents可知,商隊把駱駝帶到了不同的大洲,這導致了雜交繁育,使得不同地方的駱駝有著相似的基因。
22.A 根據本句中的genetic mixing可知,駱駝到了其他大洲不僅生存下來,還繁衍了后代,這說明駱駝能很快適應新環境。
23.D 根據本句中的climate change and desert areas growing around the world可知,這里指的是駱駝比其他動物能更好地應對氣候變化、全球沙漠化等變化。
Ⅲ.
語篇解讀:本文是一篇說明文。文章簡要介紹了國際空間站的相關信息。
24.larger 考查形容詞的比較級。根據空后的than判斷,應填large的比較級larger。
25.Usually 考查詞形轉換。空處作句子的狀語,意為“通常”,用副詞Usually,注意首字母大寫。
26.doing 考查非謂語動詞。be busy doing sth意為“忙于做某事”,是固定搭配。
27.on 考查介詞。the effect on意為“對……的影響”,是固定用法。
28.benefits 考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。空處作句子的謂語,主語是ISS,且聯系上下文可知,用一般現在時,故填benefits。
29.to receive 考查非謂語動詞。it是形式主語,故填動詞不定式作真正的主語。
30.which 考查定語從句。空處引導非限制性定語從句,并在從句中作主語,先行詞是 a robotic arm,故用 which。
31.and 考查連詞。所填詞連接并列的謂語helps和warns,故填and。
32.stations 考查名詞的單復數。由more可知,應用復數形式。
33.its 考查代詞。one’s own意為“某人自己的”,是固定用法。
5 / 5Section Ⅱ Using language
復習:情態動詞
①When she was young, she could dance very well.
②Can/Could you help me?
③An experienced teacher can make mistakes.
④It could be weeks before we get a reply.
⑤This coat may be Peter’s.
⑥Since you are here already, you may as well stay here and enjoy yourself.
⑦May/Might I have a few words with your manager?
⑧They must be hungry after a long walk.
⑨If you must smoke, please go out.
⑩Shall we begin our lesson?
Tell Jerry that he shall get a gift if he is nice.
It’s strange that he should be late.
Will/Would you go with me?
He would get up early when he lived in the country.
He will/would take you home.
【我的發現】
1.以上例句中,①②③④為can/could的用法,它們可以表示“                        ”。
2.例句⑤⑥⑦為may/might的用法,它們可以表示“          ”等,may/might as well意為“              ”。
3.例句⑧中must表示“    ”;例句⑨中must意為“      ”。
4.例句⑩中shall表示“       ”;例句 中shall表示“    ”。
5.例句 中should意為“    ”。
6.例句 中will/would表示“      ”;例句 中would表示“    ”;例句 中will/would表示“      ”。
一、情態動詞的概念
情態動詞是一種本身有一定的詞義,表示說話人的情緒、態度或語氣的動詞,但不能單獨作謂語,只能和其他動詞原形構成謂語。
二、情態動詞知多少
 常用的情態動詞有:shall, should, will (would), can (could), may (might), must, ought to, dare, need。現代英語語法還將have to, used to, had better, would rather, be going to, be about to 等列為情態動詞。
三、情態動詞的位置
 情態動詞在句中放在謂語動詞之前,謂語動詞前若有助動詞,則在助動詞之前,疑問句中,情態動詞則在主語之前。
四、情態動詞的特點
1.情態動詞無人稱和數的變化。
2.情態動詞后面跟的動詞需用原形。
3.否定式構成是在情態動詞后面加 “not”。
4.個別情態動詞有現在式和過去式兩種形式,過去式用來表達更加客氣、委婉的語氣,時態性不強,可用于過去、現在或將來。
五、常用情態動詞的用法
1.can與could的用法
(1)表示能力(could是過去式)。
My grandmother can do some shopping on the Internet, but she couldn’t last year.
我奶奶會網購了,但是去年她還不會。
(2)表示猜測,意為“可能”,一般用于疑問句和否定句(could是過去式)。
Can this news be true?
這則消息可能是真的嗎?
(3)表示請求和許可(could表示更委婉的語氣,回答時只能用can)。
— Can/Could I go now?
— Yes,you can.
——我現在可以走了嗎?
——是的,可以。
(4)用于肯定的陳述句中,表示理論上或習慣上的可能性。
As we all know, anyone can make mistakes.
我們都知道,任何人都可能犯錯。
(5)習慣用法cannot ...too ...表示“無論怎樣……都不過分,越……越好”。有時cannot可用can never替代。
We cannot thank you too much for what you’ve done for us.
對于你們為我們所做的一切,我們怎么感激你們都不過分。
2.may與might的用法
(1)表示允許、許可。might在語氣上比may更委婉。以may/might開頭的問句在否定回答中要用mustn’t/can’t。
— May/Might I play computer games after supper?
— Yes,you may./No,you mustn’t/can’t.
——晚飯后我可以玩電腦游戲嗎?
——是的,可以。/不,不行。
(2)表示把握不大的推測,意為“可能”,用于肯定句。might語氣更加不肯定,指現在或將來,只有在賓語從句中might do (be)才表示過去的可能性。
I think he may come tomorrow.
我認為明天他可能會來。
(3)may用于祈使句表示祝愿。
May you succeed.
祝你成功。
3.must的用法
(1)表示義務,意為“必須”,語氣比should,ought to強烈。其否定形式為mustn’t (不準,禁止)。
You mustn’t do that,because you must keep your word.
你不能那么做,因為你得遵守諾言。
名師點津
以must開頭的一般疑問句的肯定回答中要用must,否定回答中要用needn’t/don’t have to。
— Must I finish the paper today?
— Yes,you must./No,you needn’t/don’t have to.
——今天我必須完成論文嗎?
——是的,你必須。/不,你不必。
(2)表示有把握的肯定推測,只能用在肯定句中,意為“一定,準是”;在否定句、疑問句中要用can’t代替,表示“不可能會”。
You have worked hard all day.You must be tired.
辛苦工作了一整天,你一定累了。(對現在情況的肯定推測)
That can’t be the only way.There must be other ways of solving the problem.
那不可能是唯一的辦法,肯定有別的辦法。(對現在情況的否定推測)
(3)表示感彩,意為“偏偏,偏要”,常指令人不快的事情。
The car must break down just when I was about to start.
我正要出發時車偏偏拋錨了。
4.will與would的用法
(1)表示意志、意愿和決心。用于各種人稱,will指現在,would指過去。
I will never do that again.
我再也不那樣做了。
They said that they would fight against the haze.
他們說會與霧霾作斗爭的。
(2)表示請求、建議。用于第二人稱的疑問句,would表示更委婉的語氣。
Will/Would you please take a message for me?
你能幫我捎個口信嗎?
(3)表示習慣性的動作,意為“總是;習慣于”。will指現在,would指過去。
Fish will die without water.
沒有水魚兒就會死。
We would sit around Grandpa after supper, listening to his stories.
過去,晚飯后我們總會坐在爺爺周圍,聽他講故事。
名師點津
would與used to
兩者均表示“過去常常”,但would僅表示過去的習慣性動作(不表示狀態),現在有可能還如此,也可能不再那樣;used to既表示過去的動作也表示過去的狀態,不過現在不再做或不再有那種狀態了。
He would take a walk near the forest in the evening.
以前,他晚間常在森林附近散步。(現在可能還在那里散步)
He used to take a walk near the forest in the evening.
他過去常在晚間到森林附近散步。(而現在已不在那里散步了)
(4)用于否定句,表示“不肯;不樂意”。
No matter what I said,he wouldn’t listen to me.
無論我說什么,他就是不肯聽我的。
5.shall與should的用法
(1)shall用于第一、第三人稱的疑問句中,表示說話人征求對方的意見或向對方請示。
What shall I/we do next?
我/我們下一步該做什么?
When shall my brother be able to leave hospital?我哥哥什么時候可以出院?
(2)shall用于第二、第三人稱,表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。
You shall go with me.
(命令)你跟我走。
You shall have a new dress for your birthday.
(允諾)你在生日時會得到一件新裙子。
He shall be punished.
(威脅)他會受到懲罰的。
(3)should表示勸告或建議,意為“應該”,其同義詞是ought to;還可表示可能性或表示驚訝、憤怒、失望等特殊情感。
You should go to class right away.
你應該立刻去上課。
Don’t ask me.How should I know?
別問我,我怎么會知道?
6.need和dare的用法
(1)need既可以作實義動詞,也可以作情態動詞。作情態動詞時,后跟動詞原形,表示“需要,有必要”,無人稱和數的變化,多用于否定句、疑問句或條件句中。
You needn’t go there now.你現在不必去那兒。
Need I go there now?我現在需要去那兒嗎?
名師點津
由need開頭的一般疑問句的肯定回答常用must或have to;否定回答常用needn’t。
— Need I hand in my paper now?
— Yes,you must/have to./No,you needn’t.
——我現在需要上交論文嗎?
——是的,你必須。/不,你不需要。
(2)need作為實義動詞,同其他實義動詞一樣,可用于各種句式,有時態、人稱和數的變化,構成否定句和疑問句時要借助于助動詞do。
You need to be careful.你得小心些。
You don’t need to be so worried.
你不必如此擔心。
(3)dare既可以作實義動詞,也可以作情態動詞。作情態動詞時多用于疑問句、否定句、條件狀語從句以及表示懷疑的名詞性從句中,表示“敢……”。
I dare not walk through the wood at night.
夜間我不敢在小樹林里走。
(4)dare作實義動詞時,在否定句中不定式符號to也可以省略。
The children don’t dare (to) make a sound while their parents are sleeping.
孩子們在父母睡覺時不敢發出一點聲音。
【即時演練1】 選詞填空
①We         (had to; should) postpone the sports meeting because of the bad weather.
②The manager is so hot-tempered that I dare not       (to tell; tell) him the bad news.
③Tony has known the good news, so you needn’t       (to tell; tell) it to him.
④In today’s information age, the loss of data       (must; can) cause serious problems.
⑤I talked with her for a long time, and eventually I          (could; was able to) make her believe me.
⑥Students       (shall, can) remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
⑦You       (shouldn’t; won’t) eat between meals, for it will make you fat.
⑧       (should; will) you please tell me how to get to the Capital Gymnasium?
六、“情態動詞+have+過去分詞”句型
1.must have done表示對過去發生的事情所作出的合理或很有把握的推測,意為“想必/準是/一定……”,只用于肯定句中,在否定句或疑問句中通常被can/can’t have done代替。
From what you said,she must have told you all about it.
從你所說的來看,她一定把一切都告訴你了。
2.can have done一般用于疑問句和否定句中,用于表示對過去所發生事情的推測。could have done用于肯定句時,表示“可能已經做過某事”或“本有能力做某事而未做”。
Mr Smith can’t have gone to Beijing,for I saw him in the library just now.
史密斯先生不可能去了北京,因為我剛才還在圖書館看見他了。
3.should/ought to have done表示“過去本應該做某事而(實際上)沒有做”,含有責備或遺憾的語氣;其否定形式表示“某種行為不該發生卻發生了”。
You should have done more exercise before.
以前你應該多進行鍛煉的。
4.need have done表示“本需要做某事而實際未做”;needn’t have done表示“本不必做某事而實際做了”。
As it turned out to be a small family party, we needn’t have dressed up so formally.
原來是一個小型的家庭聚會,我們本來沒必要穿得那么正式。
5.may/might have done表示對過去發生的事情的推測,意思是“也許已經做了某事,可能已經做了某事”,多用在肯定句中,用might時表示語氣更加不肯定。
You might have read about the news in the papers.
你可能已經在報紙上看過這個消息了。
【即時演練2】 補全句子
 ①I             the report without your timely help.
沒有你的及時幫助,我是不可能完成報告的。
②Paul did a great job in the contest. He             many times.
保羅在比賽中表現不錯。他肯定練了很多遍。
③Our team             the game, but our main player got injured in the first half of the match.
我們隊本應贏得這場比賽,但我們的主力隊員在上半場比賽中受傷了。
④I                  , for the weather is fine.
天氣這么好,我本沒必要帶雨傘的。
sign up for 報名參加
【教材原句】 Sign up for our space programme now and give your knowledge of aviation and space a boost!
現在就報名參加我們的太空計劃吧,讓你的航空航天知識得到提升!
【用法】
sign away   簽字轉讓;簽字放棄 sign in (到旅館或俱樂部)簽到,登記 sign out 簽名離開 sign off 結束寫信;簽字認可
【佳句】 I’m thinking of signing up for a yoga course.我在考慮報名參加一門瑜伽課。
【練透】 用sign的相關短語填空
①All the participants were required to         as they entered the hall to attend the meeting.
②They are willing to         their entire worldly possessions.
Section Ⅱ Using language
【重難語法·要攻克】
我的發現
1.能力,請求,允許,推測,客觀或理論上的可能性 2.請求,許可,推測 還是……好;倒不如…… 3.推測 偏偏,非要
4.征求對方意見 允諾 5.竟然 6.請求,建議 習慣 意愿和意志
即時演練1
①had to ②tell ③tell ④can ⑤was able to ⑥shall
⑦shouldn’t ⑧Will
即時演練2
①couldn’t have finished ②must have practiced ③should have won ④needn’t have taken the umbrella
【知識要點·須拾遺】
 ①sign in ②sign away
7 / 7(共87張PPT)
Section Ⅱ Using language
1
重難語法·要攻克
目 錄
2
知識要點·須拾遺
3
課時檢測·提能力
重難語法·要攻克
掌握核心語法
1
復習:情態動詞
①When she was young, she could dance very well.
②Can/Could you help me?
③An experienced teacher can make mistakes.
④It could be weeks before we get a reply.
⑤This coat may be Peter’s.
⑥Since you are here already, you may as well stay here and enjoy
yourself.
⑦May/Might I have a few words with your manager?
⑧They must be hungry after a long walk.
⑨If you must smoke, please go out.
⑩Shall we begin our lesson?
Tell Jerry that he shall get a gift if he is nice.
It’s strange that he should be late.
Will/Would you go with me?
He would get up early when he lived in the country.
He will/would take you home.
【我的發現】
1. 以上例句中,①②③④為can/could的用法,它們可以表示“
”。
2. 例句⑤⑥⑦為may/might的用法,它們可以表示“
”等,may/might as well意為“
”。
3. 例句⑧中must表示“ ”;例句⑨中must意為“
”。
4. 例句⑩中shall表示“ ”;例句 中shall表示
“ ”。

力,請求,允許,推測,客觀或理論上的可能性 
請求,許可,
推測 
還是……好;倒不
如…… 
推測 
偏偏,非
要 
征求對方意見 
允諾 
5. 例句 中should意為“ ”。
6. 例句 中will/would表示“ ”;例句 中would表
示“ ”;例句 中will/would表示“ ”。
竟然 
請求,建議 
習慣 
意愿和意志 
一、情態動詞的概念
情態動詞是一種本身有一定的詞義,表示說話人的情緒、態度或語氣
的動詞,但不能單獨作謂語,只能和其他動詞原形構成謂語。
二、情態動詞知多少
 常用的情態動詞有:shall, should, will (would), can
(could), may (might), must, ought to, dare, need。現代英
語語法還將have to, used to, had better, would rather, be going to,
be about to 等列為情態動詞。
三、情態動詞的位置
 情態動詞在句中放在謂語動詞之前,謂語動詞前若有助動詞,則在
助動詞之前,疑問句中,情態動詞則在主語之前。
四、情態動詞的特點
1. 情態動詞無人稱和數的變化。
2. 情態動詞后面跟的動詞需用原形。
3. 否定式構成是在情態動詞后面加 “not”。
4. 個別情態動詞有現在式和過去式兩種形式,過去式用來表達更加客
氣、委婉的語氣,時態性不強,可用于過去、現在或將來。
五、常用情態動詞的用法
1. can與could的用法
(1)表示能力(could是過去式)。
My grandmother can do some shopping on the Internet, but she
couldn’t last year.
我奶奶會網購了,但是去年她還不會。
(2)表示猜測,意為“可能”,一般用于疑問句和否定句(could
是過去式)。
Can this news be true?
這則消息可能是真的嗎?
(3)表示請求和許可(could表示更委婉的語氣,回答時只能用
can)。
— Can/Could I go now?
— Yes,you can.
——我現在可以走了嗎?
——是的,可以。
(4)用于肯定的陳述句中,表示理論上或習慣上的可能性。
As we all know, anyone can make mistakes.
我們都知道,任何人都可能犯錯。
(5)習慣用法cannot ...too ...表示“無論怎樣……都不過分,
越……越好”。有時cannot可用can never替代。
We cannot thank you too much for what you’ve done for us.
對于你們為我們所做的一切,我們怎么感激你們都不過分。
2. may與might的用法
(1)表示允許、許可。might在語氣上比may更委婉。以may/might
開頭的問句在否定回答中要用mustn’t/can’t。
— May/Might I play computer games after supper?
— Yes,you may./No,you mustn’t/can’t.
——晚飯后我可以玩電腦游戲嗎?
——是的,可以。/不,不行。
(2)表示把握不大的推測,意為“可能”,用于肯定句。might語
氣更加不肯定,指現在或將來,只有在賓語從句中might do
(be)才表示過去的可能性。
I think he may come tomorrow.
我認為明天他可能會來。
(3)may用于祈使句表示祝愿。
May you succeed.
祝你成功。
3. must的用法
(1)表示義務,意為“必須”,語氣比should,ought to強烈。其
否定形式為mustn’t (不準,禁止)。
You mustn’t do that,because you must keep your word.
你不能那么做,因為你得遵守諾言。
名師點津
以must開頭的一般疑問句的肯定回答中要用must,否定回答中要用
needn’t/don’t have to。
— Must I finish the paper today?
— Yes,you must./No,you needn’t/don’t have to.
——今天我必須完成論文嗎?
——是的,你必須。/不,你不必。
(2)表示有把握的肯定推測,只能用在肯定句中,意為“一定,準
是”;在否定句、疑問句中要用can’t代替,表示“不可能
會”。
You have worked hard all day.You must be tired.
辛苦工作了一整天,你一定累了。(對現在情況的肯定推測)
That can’t be the only way.There must be other ways of solving
the problem.
那不可能是唯一的辦法,肯定有別的辦法。(對現在情況的否
定推測)
(3)表示感彩,意為“偏偏,偏要”,常指令人不快的事情。
The car must break down just when I was about to start.
我正要出發時車偏偏拋錨了。
4. will與would的用法
(1)表示意志、意愿和決心。用于各種人稱,will指現在,would
指過去。
I will never do that again.
我再也不那樣做了。
They said that they would fight against the haze.
他們說會與霧霾作斗爭的。
(2)表示請求、建議。用于第二人稱的疑問句,would表示更委婉
的語氣。
Will/Would you please take a message for me?
你能幫我捎個口信嗎?
(3)表示習慣性的動作,意為“總是;習慣于”。will指現在,
would指過去。
Fish will die without water.
沒有水魚兒就會死。
We would sit around Grandpa after supper, listening to his
stories.
過去,晚飯后我們總會坐在爺爺周圍,聽他講故事。
名師點津
would與used to
兩者均表示“過去常常”,但would僅表示過去的習慣性動作(不表
示狀態),現在有可能還如此,也可能不再那樣;used to既表示過去
的動作也表示過去的狀態,不過現在不再做或不再有那種狀態了。
He would take a walk near the forest in the evening.
以前,他晚間常在森林附近散步。(現在可能還在那里散步)
He used to take a walk near the forest in the evening.
他過去常在晚間到森林附近散步。(而現在已不在那里散步了)
(4)用于否定句,表示“不肯;不樂意”。
No matter what I said,he wouldn’t listen to me.
無論我說什么,他就是不肯聽我的。
5. shall與should的用法
(1)shall用于第一、第三人稱的疑問句中,表示說話人征求對方
的意見或向對方請示。
What shall I/we do next?
我/我們下一步該做什么?
When shall my brother be able to leave hospital?
我哥哥什么時候可以出院?
(2)shall用于第二、第三人稱,表示說話人給對方的命令、警
告、允諾或威脅。
You shall go with me.
(命令)你跟我走。
You shall have a new dress for your birthday.
(允諾)你在生日時會得到一件新裙子。
He shall be punished.
(威脅)他會受到懲罰的。
(3)should表示勸告或建議,意為“應該”,其同義詞是ought
to;還可表示可能性或表示驚訝、憤怒、失望等特殊情感。
You should go to class right away.
你應該立刻去上課。
Don’t ask me.How should I know?
別問我,我怎么會知道?
6. need和dare的用法
(1)need既可以作實義動詞,也可以作情態動詞。作情態動詞
時,后跟動詞原形,表示“需要,有必要”,無人稱和數的
變化,多用于否定句、疑問句或條件句中。
You needn’t go there now.
你現在不必去那兒。
Need I go there now?
我現在需要去那兒嗎?
名師點津
由need開頭的一般疑問句的肯定回答常用must或have to;否定回答常
用needn’t。
— Need I hand in my paper now?
— Yes,you must/have to./No,you needn’t.
——我現在需要上交論文嗎?
——是的,你必須。/不,你不需要。
(2)need作為實義動詞,同其他實義動詞一樣,可用于各種句式,有
時態、人稱和數的變化,構成否定句和疑問句時要借助于助動
詞do。
You need to be careful.
你得小心些。
You don’t need to be so worried.
你不必如此擔心。
(3)dare既可以作實義動詞,也可以作情態動詞。作情態動詞時多用
于疑問句、否定句、條件狀語從句以及表示懷疑的名詞性從句
中,表示“敢……”。
I dare not walk through the wood at night.
夜間我不敢在小樹林里走。
(4)dare作實義動詞時,在否定句中不定式符號to也可以省略。
The children don’t dare (to) make a sound while their parents
are sleeping.
孩子們在父母睡覺時不敢發出一點聲音。
【即時演練1】 選詞填空
①We (had to; should) postpone the sports meeting
because of the bad weather.
②The manager is so hot-tempered that I dare not (to tell; tell)
him the bad news.
③Tony has known the good news, so you needn’t (to tell;
tell) it to him.
④In today’s information age, the loss of data (must; can)
cause serious problems.
had to 
tell 
tell 
can 
⑤I talked with her for a long time, and eventually I
(could; was able to) make her believe me.
⑥Students (shall, can) remain in their seats until all the
papers have been collected.
⑦You (shouldn’t; won’t) eat between meals, for
it will make you fat.
⑧ (should; will) you please tell me how to get to the Capital
Gymnasium?
was able to 
shall 
shouldn’t 
Will 
六、“情態動詞+have+過去分詞”句型
1. must have done表示對過去發生的事情所作出的合理或很有把握的
推測,意為“想必/準是/一定……”,只用于肯定句中,在否定句
或疑問句中通常被can/can’t have done代替。
From what you said,she must have told you all about it.
從你所說的來看,她一定把一切都告訴你了。
2. can have done一般用于疑問句和否定句中,用于表示對過去所發生
事情的推測。could have done用于肯定句時,表示“可能已經做過
某事”或“本有能力做某事而未做”。
Mr Smith can’t have gone to Beijing,for I saw him in the library
just now.
史密斯先生不可能去了北京,因為我剛才還在圖書館看見他了。
3. should/ought to have done表示“過去本應該做某事而(實際上)沒
有做”,含有責備或遺憾的語氣;其否定形式表示“某種行為不該
發生卻發生了”。
You should have done more exercise before.
以前你應該多進行鍛煉的。
4. need have done表示“本需要做某事而實際未做”;needn’t have
done表示“本不必做某事而實際做了”。
As it turned out to be a small family party, we needn’t have dressed
up so formally.
原來是一個小型的家庭聚會,我們本來沒必要穿得那么正式。
5. may/might have done表示對過去發生的事情的推測,意思是“也許
已經做了某事,可能已經做了某事”,多用在肯定句中,用might
時表示語氣更加不肯定。
You might have read about the news in the papers.
你可能已經在報紙上看過這個消息了。
【即時演練2】 補全句子
①I the report without your timely help.
沒有你的及時幫助,我是不可能完成報告的。
②Paul did a great job in the contest. He many
times.
保羅在比賽中表現不錯。他肯定練了很多遍。
③Our team the game, but our main player got
injured in the first half of the match.
我們隊本應贏得這場比賽,但我們的主力隊員在上半場比賽中受
傷了。
④I , for the weather is fine.
天氣這么好,我本沒必要帶雨傘的。
couldn’t have finished 
must have practiced 
should have won 
needn’t have taken the umbrella 
知識要點·須拾遺
關注高頻詞匯
2
sign up for 報名參加
【教材原句】 Sign up for our space programme now and give your
knowledge of aviation and space a boost!
現在就報名參加我們的太空計劃吧,讓你的航空航天知識得到提升!
【用法】
sign away  簽字轉讓;簽字放棄
sign in  (到旅館或俱樂部)簽到,登記
sign out  簽名離開
sign off  結束寫信;簽字認可
【佳句】 I’m thinking of signing up for a yoga course.我在考慮報名
參加一門瑜伽課。
【練透】 用sign的相關短語填空
①All the participants were required to as they entered the hall
to attend the meeting.
②They are willing to their entire worldly possessions.
sign in 
sign away 
課時檢測·提能力
培育學科素養
3
維度一:基礎題型練
品句填詞
1. The second window, shown in Figure 4, is the (模
擬的) browser.
2. In Ancient China lived an artist whose paintings were
almost (逼真的).
simulated 
lifelike 
3. Unless you (提交) an application within seven days,
the investment will be withdrawn.
4. The wide plain, with thousands of animals on the move, was an
a spectacle.
5. The flight s is even more smooth and fun to fly than ever.
submit 
wesome 
imulator 
維度二:語法與寫作
補全句子
1. in the following year!
祝你在新的一年里好運連連!
2. on such a crowded road on a rainy
day?
下雨天,你敢在這么擁擠的道路上開車嗎?
3. We too much roast food as it may do harm to our
health.
我們最好不要吃太多的燒烤食品,因為它可能對我們的健康有害。
May you be lucky 
Do you dare to drive a car 
had better not eat 
4. I’d appreciate it if at your earliest
convenience.
如果在你方便的時候能盡早回復我的信,我將非常感激。
5. I am sorry; I at my daughter.
我感到后悔,我本不該對我女兒大喊大叫。
you could reply to my letter 
shouldn’t have shouted 
維度三:語法與語篇
根據語境,用適當的情態動詞填空。
  I 1. have worried before I came to the new school,for
my classmates here are very friendly to me.Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I
wish I danced as well as her.No one 2. be compared with Ellen in
dancing.Jack is a great talker.It’s high time that he did something instead
of just talking.I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese,and I
said “Ni Hao” just as I 3. do in China.Teachers recommend
parents 4. not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to
school for safety.Students 5. obey school rules.One of our rules
is that every student 6. wear the school uniform while at school.
needn’t 
can 
might 
should 
must 
shall 
  It is required by the rules that students 7. get grades not
lower than 85 in any subject in order to get the scholarship.It is beyond my
understanding that many adults 8. be so crazy about Harry
Potter series like me.
shall 
should 
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
  On Dec 9, 2021, astronauts Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye
Guangfu held their first open class aboard the Tianhe core module of the
Chinese space station for pupils.
  In the 50-minute online class, the three astronauts explained daily
life in space, how to walk in a microgravity environment and showed the
children how to recycle water, oxygen and carbon dioxide in their
environment. Applause broke out among the 1,420-strong audience at the
CSTM when one of the three astronauts poured out water, which formed
into a perfect ball. Applause broke out again when they put an effervescent
tablet (泡騰片) into the water, which sparked into bubbles (氣泡).
But the bubbles did not burst and instead stayed complete.
  The open science lesson was broadcast live to the nation. On
domestic video-sharing website Bilibili alone, the open course was
watched at least 6 million times, with more views on other platforms and
TV channels.
  For Shi Hao, a space specialist at China Aerospace Science and
Technology Corporation, the growing desire of school pupils to pursue
knowledge about space reflects the growing potential of China in exploring
the universe in the future.
  “I still remember how impressed I was by the launch of Shenzhou
Ⅵin September 2005. From then on, I have carved out the dream of
pursuing my career in astronautics from the bottom of my heart.” Shi
said. “For many people like me, this is not only a job, but a lifelong
addiction and commitment. It is of vital importance to let Chinese youths
touch astronautics during their childhood so as to sustain the building of
talents.”
  He was echoed (回應) by Zhou, who places high hopes on the
future of China’s space industry. “We have a population of 1.4
billion, of which more than 200 million are pupils at school. By inspiring
their enthusiasm, China will get an abundant supply of talents for the
national space research team.”he said.“Chinese people will step further
in the universe and the hope lies in our children.”
語篇解讀:本文是一篇新聞報道。2021年12月9日,中國航天員在中
國空間站進行了“天宮課堂”第一節課的授課,這次太空授課取得
了圓滿成功。
1. What happened to the bubbles in the experiment?(  )
A. They kept in an original state.
B. They broke all of a sudden.
C. They disappeared completely.
D. They floated in the space craft.
解析: 細節理解題。根據第二段最后一句可知,實驗中的氣泡
并沒有破裂,而是保持了最初的完整狀態。
2. What can we learn about Shi Hao?(  )
A. He was born with a talent in astronautics.
B. He is devoted to his career in astronautics.
C. He is an inspiration to many school pupils.
D. He was involved in the launch of Shenzhou Ⅵ.
解析: 細節理解題。根據第五段中Shi Hao所說的For many
people like me, this is not only a job, but a lifelong addiction and
commitment.可知,Shi Hao終身致力于航天事業。
3. Which statement will Zhou probably agree with?(  )
A. It is tough to inspire pupils’ enthusiasm at school.
B. It is essential to expose children to space exploration.
C. It is unlikely to get abundant space research talents.
D. It is challenging to launch space courses among pupils.
解析: 推理判斷題。根據最后一段中Zhou所說的Chinese people
will step further in the universe and the hope lies in our children可知,
Zhou認為中國太空探索的希望在于我們的孩子。由此推斷,他會贊
同“必須讓孩子們接觸太空探索”這一說法。
4. Why did the author write this passage?(  )
A. To introduce a unique lesson about an experiment in space.
B. To compliment the great achievements of space made in China.
C. To strengthen the importance of space knowledge among pupils.
D. To encourage astronautics staffs to devote themselves to their career.
解析: 推理判斷題。通讀全文尤其是第一段、第五段最后一句
和第六段中Zhou所說的Chinese people will step ...lies in our
children.可推知,空間站上的首次公開課和相關專業人員以及科學
家的話語表達了加強學生航空航天知識學習的重要性。
B
  Mars is no stranger to life. Seven US spacecraft have successfully
landed there, and all of them took microbes to the planet’s surface
(though the bugs probably did not survive for long). Yet the world’s
space agencies continue to maintain strict spacecraft sterilization (消毒)
procedures in the hope of minimizing the spread of Earth life beyond our
planet. For decades this idea — known as planetary protection — is
widespread. Now, some scientists say, these procedures are preventing
the search for life beyond Earth by raising costs and preventing innovative
missions — without meaningful benefits.
  Of all missions to Mars to date, only the Vikings, the first trip to
the Red Planet, were intended to test for life. Spacecraft that went later
did not have that ability. But a future mission will, and the protectionist
thinking goes, a spacecraft might not be able to distinguish between a life
form native to Mars and one with origins on Earth. In July 2013
astrobiologists Dirk Schulze-Makuch and Alberto Fairén argued against
this in Nature Geoscience.
  “If Earth life can thrive on Mars, they almost certainly already
do,” the authors write. “If they cannot, the transfer of Earth life to
Mars should be of no concern, as it would simply not survive.”
  With clear evidence of a watery history and some signs of water
present, Mars could be where we find life in our solar system. And with
the development of Curiosity’s precise landing system, we can finally
reach the mysterious parts of the planet. But it’s these areas that require a
craft sterilization process.
  In the 1970s Vikings 1 and 2 revealed what seemed like a dead
planet, so planetary-protection requirements were relaxed. Now, with
more knowledge of Mars’ environment, missions set to visit areas with
evidence of flowing water below the surface have to meet the strict-and
more costly-Vikings standards.
  Finally, there’s the philosophical problem of what responsibility,
if any, we have to other planets and any life we leave there. The truth is
we’re never going to be able to fully protect Mars if we intend to explore
it. And spreading is simply what life does.
  “If we want to survive for a long time, we have to expand beyond
Earth,” Schulze-Makuch says. “There’s no other way.”
語篇解讀:本文是一篇議論文。文章主要闡述了對“行星保護”這
種看法的不同觀點。
語篇解讀:本文是一篇議論文。文章主要闡述了對“行星保護”這
種看法的不同觀點。
5. Strict spacecraft sterilization procedures are meant to     .
(  )
A. decrease the costs of space exploration
B. help the search for life forms beyond Earth
C. contribute to innovative missions in the universe
D. prevent Earth life being transferred to other planets
解析: 細節理解題。根據第一段第三句可知,航天器消毒程序
是希望盡量減少地球生命在我們星球之外的傳播。
6. Planetary-protection requirements were relaxed in the 1970s
because     .(  )
A. there was no precise landing system
B. Mars was considered to be a lifeless planet
C. the mysterious parts of Mars remained unknown
D. flowing water was found below the surface of Mars
解析: 推理判斷題。根據倒數第三段第一句可知,行星保護
要求在20世紀70年代被放寬了是因為火星被認為是一個沒有生
命的星球。
7. Dirk Schulze-Makuch and Alberto Fairén are most likely to agree
that     .(  )
A. Mars is now on the edge of being destroyed
B. human beings are too ambitious to expand beyond Earth
C. there is no need to worry about bringing Earth life to Mars
D. we need to be responsible for keeping Mars what it is like now
解析: 推理判斷題。根據第二段最后一句及第三段內容可知,
他們認為沒有必要擔心把地球上的生命帶到火星。
8. Schulze-Makuch takes a(n)     attitude towards planetary
protection. (  )
A. optimistic B. relaxed
C. debatable D. negative
解析: 推理判斷題。根據最后一段可知,舒爾茨-馬庫奇支持擴
張,對行星保護采取了一種反對的態度。
Ⅱ.完形填空
  Camels have beautifully adapted to the severe life in our planet’s hot
and dry deserts.They have not just lived in these areas but also
helped  9  human life there.
  The 7ft mammals take in every bit of  10  from their plant-based
diets.Their humps store fat, which the camels use as a(n)  11  of
water and energy on the move.These animals don’t even  12  in the
49 ℃ desert heat.
  There are two  13  of camels — Bactrian and Arabian.The
Bactrian camels have two humps and live in the rocky deserts of Central
Asia.The Arabian camels have just one hump.They are  14  in North
Africa and the Middle East.
  A group of geneticists  15 over 1,080 Arabian
camels.They  16  the DNA of these camels from around the world,
with DNA samples taken from ancient camel fossils.
  They found a surprising  17  at the DNA level — that is, even
camels that were geographically separated shared very similar
genes.The  18  for this was clear.Many Arabian camels were a
necessary part of trading caravans that traveled long distances across
continents.Often,  19  were forced to leave behind some  20 
animals and take fresh animals on their return journey.This  21 
centuries of cross-breeding, and very similar genes across camel
populations in different areas.
  This genetic mixing means camels are also likely to adapt  22  to
changing environments.With issues of climate change and desert areas
growing around the world, camels could possibly adapt much better to
such  23  than other species of animals.
語篇解讀:本文是一篇說明文。遺傳學家發現,不同品種的駱駝有
著相似的基因。
語篇解讀:本文是一篇說明文。遺傳學家發現,不同品種的駱駝有
著相似的基因。
9. A. support B. decide
C. record D. influence
解析: 根據常識可知,駱駝對生活在沙漠里的人很有幫助。
10. A. meat B. water
C. blood D. nutrition
解析:  根據本句中的diets可知,從食物中吸收的應該是營養。
11. A. method B. example
C. choice D. source
解析:  根據本句中的fat可知,儲存在駝峰里的脂肪是駱駝活
動時所需水和能量的來源。
12. A. sweat B. sleep C. rest D. eat
解析:  根據空后的in the 49 ℃ desert heat可推測,這里指駱駝
甚至在49 ℃的高溫中都不出汗。
13. A. sizes B. types
C. colours D. functions
解析:  根據本段內容可知,Bactria (雙峰駝)和Arabian (阿
拉伯單峰駝)是兩個不同的駱駝品種。
14. A. examined B. protected
C. found D. raised
解析: 對照上文中的live in the rocky deserts of Central Asia可
知,在北非和中東能找到阿拉伯單峰駝。
15. A. saved B. freed
C. studied D. bought
解析: 根據下段中的They found ...shared very similar genes.
可知,這些遺傳學家應該是研究了1,080頭阿拉伯單峰駝,并對
這些駱駝的DNA進行比較后才發現這些駱駝的基因很相似。
16. A. reported B. compared
C. related D. painted
解析: 參見上題解析。
17. A. similarity B. quality
C. picture D. idea
解析: 本句中的shared very similar genes提示了本題答案。
18. A. concern B. value
C. reason D. excuse
解析: 本句后介紹的就是不同地方的駱駝基因相似的原因。
19. A. businessmen B. farmers
C. hunters D. travelers
解析: 根據上句中的trading caravans可知,這里指商人。
20. A. small B. lazy
C. hungry D. worn-out
解析: 根據本空后的fresh animals可知,這里指留下精疲力竭
的駱駝,重新換一批精力充沛的駱駝。
21. A. referred to B. pointed to
C. led to D. belonged to
解析: 根據上文中的across continents可知,商隊把駱駝帶到了
不同的大洲,這導致了雜交繁育,使得不同地方的駱駝有著相似
的基因。
22. A. quickly B. directly
C. safely D. suddenly
解析: 根據本句中的genetic mixing可知,駱駝到了其他大洲
不僅生存下來,還繁衍了后代,這說明駱駝能很快適應新環境。
23. A. failures B. results
C. events D. changes
解析: 根據本句中的climate change and desert areas growing
around the world可知,這里指的是駱駝比其他動物能更好地應對
氣候變化、全球沙漠化等變化。
Ⅲ.語法填空
  On Earth, everyone has a home.While in space, there is also a
home.It is nearly as big as a soccer field and 24.        (large)
than a six-bedroom house.It is the International Space Station (ISS).
  The ISS is home to astronauts.25.        (usual), there
are three to six astronauts on board.Astronauts in the space station are very
busy 26.        (do) many science experiments in biology and
physics.They study the effects 27.         the human body after
long exposure to microgravity.Sometimes they go on spacewalks to work
outside the station.
  As a groundbreaking scientific research facility, the ISS
28.        (benefit) people on the Earth.Robots on the ISS
have inspired medical technology.Now it is possible for patients
29.        (receive) certain surgery by a robotic arm,
30.        performs better than humans.The ISS also helps to
watch the Earth’s ecosystems 31.        warns us of volcano
eruptions and earthquakes.
  In the future, space will be home to more 32.       
(station) like the ISS. China has built 33.        (it) own
space station, and it will be open to the whole world to explore the
unknown together.
語篇解讀:本文是一篇說明文。文章簡要介紹了國際空間站的相關
信息。
24. larger 考查形容詞的比較級。根據空后的than判斷,應填large的
比較級larger。
語篇解讀:本文是一篇說明文。文章簡要介紹了國際空間站的相關
信息。
      
25. Usually 考查詞形轉換。空處作句子的狀語,意為“通常”,用
副詞Usually,注意首字母大寫。
26. doing 考查非謂語動詞。be busy doing sth意為“忙于做某事”,
是固定搭配。
27. on 考查介詞。the effect on意為“對……的影響”,是固定
用法。
28. benefits 考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。空處作句子的謂語,主語
是ISS,且聯系上下文可知,用一般現在時,故填benefits。
29. to receive 考查非謂語動詞。it是形式主語,故填動詞不定式作真
正的主語。
30. which 考查定語從句。空處引導非限制性定語從句,并在從句中
作主語,先行詞是 a robotic arm,故用 which。
31. and 考查連詞。所填詞連接并列的謂語helps和warns,故填and。
32. stations 考查名詞的單復數。由more可知,應用復數形式。
33. its 考查代詞。one’s own意為“某人自己的”,是固定用法。
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