資源簡介

Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
維度一：品句填詞
1.With the help of a 　　　　　　（望遠(yuǎn)鏡）， we could see the details of the moon’s surface.
2.Keeping your 　　　　　　（肌肉） strong and in tone helps you to avoid back problems.
3.Exercising at home alone requires a tremendous amount of 　　　　　　　　（自律）.
4.Ellen’s face wrinkles as if she is about to 　　　　　　（打噴嚏）.
5.The mirror was a　　　　　　 to reflect light from a window.
6.Don’t forget to return to the car and f　　　　　 all your personal possessions with you.
維度二：詞形轉(zhuǎn)換
1.The “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help break down the 　　　　　　（visible） social barrier.
2.　　　　　　 （conceivable），it is your thoughtful decisions that enable our company to accumulate money automatically.
3.We shouldn’t 　　　　　　　（straightforward） draw the conclusion that the boy was wrong.
維度三：固定搭配和句式
1.The university 　　　　　　　　　　（由……組成） 23 departments and 40 institutions.
2.He jogs to exercise 　　　　　　　　（以……速度） five miles per hour every morning.
3.　　　　　　　　 （尋找） his lost child， Jack managed to help many parents suffering from the same experience as him find their own children.
4.When you 　　　　　　　　（回顧） your own past， you are more likely to see those things.
5.The group meets 　　　　　　　　（定期）， usually weekly or biweekly.
6.He does wholesale business， while his brother 　　　　　　　　（忙于） retail business.
7.I have read 99 per cent of this novel.In other words， I have 　　　　　　　　（差不多） finished the book.
8.　　　　　　　　　　 （顯然） his remarks were very hurtful， which broke her heart.
9.　　　　　　　　　　 （你練習(xí)得越多）， the better you can understand.
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
　　A
　　Taking a picture of Mars is not easy. Once light bounces off the planet， it can take between 3 to 22 minutes to travel to Earth — so there aren’t truly “l(fā)ive” images of Mars.
　　But on Friday afternoon， the European Space Agency will offer the closest thing： the first “l(fā)ivestream” of Mars a rare， almost real-time look into space on YouTube， which posts pictures of the planet every 50 seconds as they beam down directly from the camera mounted （安裝） on the agency’s Mars Express orbiter （軌道飛行器）. We can get a first-hand look at Mars on Friday.
　　“During Friday’s one-hour livestream， the time between the images being taken from orbit around Mars and appearing on your screen will be about 18 minutes，” James Godfrey， the spacecraft operations manager at the ESA’s mission control center， said in a statement. “That’s 17 minutes for light to travel from Mars to Earth in their current configuration， and about one minute to pass through the wires and servers on the ground.”
　　“Normally， we see images from Mars and know that they were taken days before. I’m excited to see Mars as it is now — as close to a Martian （火星人） ‘now’ as we can possibly get！”
　　In 50-second intervals， the camera shoots across Mars， showing a side of the planet entering night， as well as some clouds billowing out on the corner. The livestream celebrates the 20th anniversary of the Mars Express mission which was launched in 2003 to better understand the planet， as well as search for traces of water.
　　It’s with this camera， originally meant for engineering purposes， that we’ll get “l(fā)ive” images on Friday evening from 18：00 CEST in the first MarsLIVE. What makes this unique is that it’s a one-hour livestream from Mars but don’t expect a detailed view of the Red Planet！
1.What can we learn from this text？（　　）
A.Watching the MarsLIVE， people will have a completely real-time view of the Mars.
B.The audience can watch the MarsLIVE thanks to the camera on the Mars.
C.About 20 years ago， the ESA launched an orbiter to search for Martians.
D.The MarsLIVE is to celebrate the launch of the Mars Express mission in 2003.
2.What does the underlined word “configuration” in Paragraph 3 mean？（　　）
A.Equipment. B.Orbit.
C.Planet. D.Spacecraft.
3.What is the text mainly about？（　　）
A.The live images taken from orbit around Mars.
B.The 20th anniversary of the Mars Express mission.
C.The first “l(fā)ivestream” of Mars to be shown on YouTube.
D.A rare and almost real-time look into space on YouTube.
4.What does the last paragraph imply？（　　）
A.The camera was originally used to shoot the Mars.
B.We can get truly live Mars images in the first MarsLIVE.
C.Detailed images about the Mars can’t be ensured.
D.The unique MarsLIVE will live up to viewers’ expectation.
B
　　The Moon’s permanently shadowed areas， nearly 384，000 kilometres away from home， are the closest water source outside the Earth.The craters have been dark since billions of years ago.But now with student-developed technologies， more about them can be discovered.
　　Through the competitive Breakthrough， Innovative and Game-changing （BIG） Idea Challenge and the Space Grant project， NASA has awarded nearly $1 million to eight university teams.They will build sample lunar payloads and demonstrate innovative ways to study the Moon’s darkest areas.
　　“It’s an exciting time for NASA and students across the country，” said Drew J.Hope， Program Manager of Game Changing Development program.“Thanks to our partnership with the Office of STEM Engagement， this is the most money NASA has awarded in a student challenge directly connected to Artemis.”
　　The chosen teams will work out ways to gather data in and around the craters， generate wireless power for future infrastructure， and enable autonomous mobility even in the most extreme environments.The research results could benefit NASA’s Artemis program.Each team will receive different quantities of grants， based on the concept and budget they propose.They will develop and test the technologies in simulated environments with the awards.Then a panel of NASA and industry experts will examine the team’s research and development results at a face-to-face design review.
　　“One of the most exciting things about this challenge is that several of the concepts， if proven to be viable as a result of these awards， could eventually be integrated and operated together on the surface of the Moon，” according to Chad Rowe， Acting Manager of Space Grant Project.“These students are part of the Artemis generation and they are helping fulfill NASA’s mission needs today， while developing relevant hands-on experience that will prepare them for aerospace careers after graduation.”
5.What can we know from Paragraph 1？（　　）
A.The Moon can’t serve as a water source for us.
B.Some students are working in NASA.
C.The Moon is the only water source outside the Earth.
D.We can explore more about the Moon.
6.Why did NASA award those eight university teams？（　　）
A.Because they stood out in a challenge and a project.
B.Because they demonstrated technologies to study the Moon.
C.Because they explored the mystery of space.
D.Because they challenged NASA’s Artemis program.
7.What will the chosen teams work out according to Paragraph 4？（　　）
A.The way to create Wi-Fi on the Moon for future use.
B.The way to ensure autonomous mobility can be used in space.
C.The way to examine the research and results face-to-face.
D.The way to collect information and statistics of the Moon.
8.According to Chad Rowe， what benefit can the students get from the project？（　　）
A.They can land on the Moon.
B.They can get money while doing the job.
C.They can gain experience for their future careers.
D.They can work in NASA after graduation.
C
　　On Nov. 16， seven astronauts on the International Space Station （ISS） woke up to an alarm. A Russian missile test had just bombed a satellite into more than 1，500 pieces of space debris （殘骸）. Some got very close to the ISS.
　　NASA says space debris like this can travel at more than 28，000 km/h. That’s much faster than a bullet （子彈） （about 3，500 km/h）. Even a pea-sized piece of debris could “wipe out” a space station or kill an astronaut if he or she is doing a spacewalk， says Live Science.
　　Since the 1950s， humans have sent thousands of rockets and satellites into space. Many are still there， and we now face an ever-increasing problem of space rubbish. In 2006， for example， National Geographic reported that a tiny piece of space rubbish hit the ISS， taking a small piece of glass out of a window. In June of this year， a piece of debris ran into one of the station’s robotic arms， which are just like the arms of a robot， and left a hole.
　　Scientists are trying different ways to deal with the problem. One way is to use a huge net. In 2018， the UK’s Survey Space Center caught some space rubbish with a net in an experiment. It first found the debris， and then collected it with a net and a harpoon （魚叉）.
　　Another way is to use robotic arms. Clear Space 1， the European Space Agency’s task to clean space rubbish， is going to be sent into space in 2025. It will use robotic arms to catch debris. This plans to throw the debris into Earth’s atmosphere， where it will burn up as it falls because of strong friction （摩擦）.
9.What does the bomb of the Russian missile mainly cause according to the article？ （　　）
A.Plants. B.Soil.
C.Space debris. D.Food.
10.How many times does space debris move as fast as a bullet according to NASA？ （　　）
A.Eight times. B.Nine times.
C.Seven times. D.Six times.
11.What happens to a space station if it gets “wiped out”？（　　）
A.It gets cleaned.
B.It gets rebuilt.
C.It gets old.
D.It gets broken.
12.What can we infer from Paragraphs 3－4？（　　）
A.There is nothing we can do to deal with space debris.
B.The astronauts are quite safe in space even there is space debris.
C.Thousands of old rockets and satellites are turning into space rubbish for years.
D.More and more tasks are failing because we don’t want to cause space rubbish.
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
How is dining in space different from
eating on Earth？
　　Spacesuits？ Check！ Oxygen？ Check！ Water？ Check！ Are we forgetting something？ Food！ If you send astronauts into space， you have to send along food as well. But what do astronauts eat， and how do they eat it？ 13.（　　）
　　First， and possibly most important， is nutrition （營養(yǎng)）. 14.（　　） Providing junk foods to eat， such as potato chips， sodas， and pizza， would make the astronauts unhealthy.
　　15.（　　） If the food that has been provided is distasteful， then the astronauts may avoid eating it. If you’ve ever tried to concentrate on something important while your stomach doesn’t feel well， you’ll know why the scientists in charge of a space mission want their astronauts to eat regularly.
　　The lack of gravity in a spacecraft also determines what foods can or cannot be eaten in space. Meals must be packaged carefully so they won’t spill into the cabin. Liquids or tiny bits of food could get inside a machine or electronic device and damage it. 16.（　　） A loose knife bouncing （彈起） around inside the cabin would be dangerous.
　　Finally， weight is an important concern. The weight of every object included in a spacecraft must be calculated in order to ensure that there is enough fuel and power to carry the craft safely into space and home again. 17.（　　） Most foods are stored in plastic bags， and often， the foods are dehydrated （脫水）. When an astronaut is ready to eat， hot water is added to rehydrate the meal and warm it up.
　　Despite all these requirements， much of the food eaten in space is actually similar to what you might eat on the earth.
A.Variety and taste are also important.
B.Food packaging is made to be as light as possible.
C.For the same reason sharp tools are never used onboard.
D.Nutrition and practicality are important things to consider.
E.Believe it or not， they also have fresh fruits and vegetables.
F.Scientists take several factors into consideration as they plan meals for space.
G.Maintaining the astronauts’ physical health is a top task for any space mission.
Ⅲ.應(yīng)用文寫作
　　你校將以四月十二日載人空間飛行國際日為主題，舉辦英語征文比賽。請你寫一篇短文投稿，內(nèi)容包括：
　　1.太空探索的重要性；
　　2.你的期待。
注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；
2.請按如下格式作答。
Space Exploration Lights up Dreams
　　12 April was officially named by the UN in 2011 as International Day of Human Space Flight.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
基礎(chǔ)知識自測
維度一
1.telescope　2.muscles　3.self-discipline　4.sneeze　
5.angled　6.fetch
維度二
1.invisible　2.Conceivably　3.straightforwardly
維度三
1.is composed of
2.at a speed of
3.In the search for
4.look back on/at/to
5.on a regular basis
6.is engaged in
7.more or less
8.It was evident that
9.The more you practice
素養(yǎng)能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。歐洲空間局即將在YouTube上直播火星的實(shí)時(shí)畫面，雖然并非真正的“直播”，但每50秒更新一次的圖像將提供近乎實(shí)時(shí)的火星觀測體驗(yàn)。
1.D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句可知，火星直播是為了慶祝2003年火星快車任務(wù)的發(fā)射。
2.A　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后的and about one minute to pass through the wires and servers on the ground可知，火星上的圖像通過不同設(shè)備發(fā)回地球。由此推測，configuration意為“設(shè)備”，和A項(xiàng)意思相近。
3.C　主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容尤其是第二段可知，本文主要講述了歐洲空間局即將在YouTube上直播火星的實(shí)時(shí)畫面。
4.C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，別指望能看到這顆紅色星球的詳細(xì)景象，也就是暗示了關(guān)于火星的詳細(xì)圖像無法保證。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。美國航天局選出了8個(gè)大學(xué)的團(tuán)隊(duì)，提供資金和獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，輔助美國航天局進(jìn)行對月球暗面的探索。
5.D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知，人類對月球的探索還沒有停止，有了科學(xué)技術(shù)，我們可以更深入地對月球進(jìn)行研究。
6.A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，這八支隊(duì)伍是經(jīng)過了一系列競爭性大的競賽從而脫穎而出并進(jìn)行后續(xù)研究的。
7.D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句可知，這些隊(duì)伍的其中一個(gè)研發(fā)方向就是尋找收集月球數(shù)據(jù)的方法。
8.C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中Chad Rowe 所說的These students are part of the Artemis generation ...that will prepare them for aerospace careers after graduation.可推斷，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目可以為學(xué)生們積累以后的職業(yè)生涯所需要的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了太空垃圾的危害以及科學(xué)家為解決這一問題嘗試的解決辦法。
9.C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句可知，俄羅斯導(dǎo)彈的爆炸主要造成了太空碎片。
10.A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段前兩句可知，太空碎片的飛行速度是每小時(shí)28，000多公里，子彈的速度是每小時(shí)約3，500公里，即太空碎片的速度是子彈的8倍。
11.D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知，太空碎片的破壞力巨大，即使是豌豆大小的碎片也可能摧毀空間站，或者殺死正在進(jìn)行太空行走的宇航員。wiped out表示“摧毀”，即如果一個(gè)空間站被摧毀，它會被破壞。
12.C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段前兩句可知，人類已經(jīng)發(fā)送了很多火箭和衛(wèi)星，其中很多仍然在太空，我們現(xiàn)在面臨著日益嚴(yán)重的太空垃圾問題。由此推知，多年來，成千上萬的舊火箭和衛(wèi)星正在變成太空垃圾。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。在太空吃飯和在地球吃飯有何不同？科學(xué)家在計(jì)劃太空用餐時(shí)考慮到了幾個(gè)因素。
13.F　根據(jù)空前問句并結(jié)合下文的幾個(gè)因素可知，選項(xiàng)總起下文。F項(xiàng)（科學(xué)家在計(jì)劃太空用餐時(shí)考慮了幾個(gè)因素）中的factors呼應(yīng)下文的幾個(gè)具體因素。
14.G　上句說明了營養(yǎng)對宇航員的重要作用。G項(xiàng)（維持宇航員的身體健康是任何太空任務(wù)的首要任務(wù)）承接上文。
15.A　根據(jù)下句可知，如果提供的食物不可口，宇航員可能會不吃。A項(xiàng)（食物種類和口味也是很重要的）突出了段落中心。
16.C　根據(jù)上句可知，液體或食物殘?jiān)赡軙M(jìn)入機(jī)器或電子設(shè)備并損壞它。C項(xiàng)（出于同樣的原因，飛船上從不使用鋒利的工具）承接上文。
17.B　根據(jù)設(shè)空前后句可知，食物的包裝做得盡可能輕。B項(xiàng)中的light呼應(yīng)下句中的plastic bags和dehydrated。
Ⅲ.
Space Exploration Lights up Dreams
　　 12 April was officially named by the UN in 2011 as International Day of Human Space Flight.We observe this day to inspire more people to learn scientific knowledge and generate innovative ideas about space.
The space exploration is essential for us.It has made a difference in fighting world hunger.The satellite data on weather patterns has helped farmers grow more food.Besides， many space experiments have promoted incredible products like organ monitors and digital cameras and we will learn how to live in a different environment.
Our progress in space exploration gives me hope and inspires me to make contributions to it.I hope that people can live in the space one day and build a shared community there.
5 / 5Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
EYES UPON THE NIGHT
The night sky has been an endless source of fascination① since the start of human history.For example， the mysterious large-eyed， bronze statues of the ancient Shu Kingdom， discovered at the Chinese archeological② site at Sanxingdui， were believed to have been able to look across great distances into the stars.In reality③， humans can see very little of the night sky with the naked eye④.And， for a long while， people were unable to understand what they could see.[1] Not knowing what the stars were， people in ancient times used their imaginations to create a world in the sky.
　　[1]Not knowing what the stars were為動(dòng)詞-ing形式的否定形式，在句中作狀語；what引導(dǎo)賓語從句，并在從句中作表語。
[2]Our power to investigate⑤ and thus understand space changed dramatically⑥ when the first telescope⑦ was angled⑧ at the night sky， increasing as it did the power of the human eye and enabling us to understand that the universe is far larger than was previously imaginable.The planets were seen to be worlds similar to our own， many of them even having their own moons.Soon， it was understood that the Sun was just one star among billions in the galaxy⑨ we call the Milky Way⑩.Some 300 years later， we learnt that the Milky Way itself was just one galaxy among billions of others， spread across the blackness of space like great islands of light and matter floating in a vast cosmic ocean.
　　[2]本句句子主干為Our power to investigate and thus understand space changed dramatically，主語中心詞為Our power，動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語；when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句；第二個(gè)and連接并列的結(jié)果狀語。
Almost 400 years after the first Earth-based telescope was invented， the Hubble Space Telescope was launched into orbit， giving astronomers — indeed all of us — the first breathtakingly beautiful images of our universe taken from beyond Earth.Nothing in history has allowed us to see so much over such great distances， [3]from enormous clouds of gas where stars are being born， to huge black holes， and even to new planets where we might conceivably find life.Not only that — it has also helped us to work out the age and nature of the universe， and [4]discover the incredible fact that the universe is expanding at an ever-increasing speed .
　　[3]句中的兩個(gè)where引導(dǎo)的從句均為定語從句，分別修飾gas和planets。
[4]句中that引導(dǎo)同位語從句。
To see even further into the universe， many countries are now engaged in building ever more advanced telescopes .Currently， China operates the world’s largest and most powerful radio telescope， the FAST telescope， completed in 2016.The 500-metre dish of the “Eye of Heaven”，as it is known， is being used in the search for dark matter， thought to be composed of subatomic particles invisible to ordinary telescopes.This vast dish also has the ability to explore regions of space billions of light years away， right at the edge of the visible universe.
The Hubble and the space telescopes constructed after it will allow us to see further and further into space.We will view stars and galaxies billions of light years away and look back at a past that was billions of years ago.Using ever-larger radio telescopes as our eyes， we will one day be able to look back to a time in the very early universe， before the existence of light.But the human quest for knowledge reaches even beyond that.So much of the universe remains unexplored that we are still close to the start of this incredible journey of discovery.
【讀文清障】
①source of fascination魅力源泉
②archeological adj.考古的
③in reality 事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上
④the naked eye 肉眼
⑤investigate v.調(diào)查，研究
⑥dramatically adv.
巨大地；戲劇性地
⑦telescope n.望遠(yuǎn)鏡
⑧angle v.斜置
⑨galaxy n.星系
⑩the Milky Way 銀河系
cosmic adj.宇宙的
launch v.發(fā)射
breathtakingly adv.驚人地
image n.形象，意象
conceivably adv.可以相信地；可想象地
at an ever-increasing speed 以越來越快的速度
be engaged in從事
advanced telescope先進(jìn)的望遠(yuǎn)鏡
be composed of
由……組成
subatomic adj.亞原子的；原子內(nèi)的
particle n.粒子
subatomic particle
亞原子粒子
invisible adj.看不見的
construct v.建造，創(chuàng)建
quest for 追求，探索
【參考譯文】
眺望夜空的眼睛
從人類有史以來，夜空就一直是讓人浮想聯(lián)翩的不竭源頭。例如在中國考古遺址三星堆發(fā)掘的古蜀國神秘的巨目銅像，古時(shí)的人們認(rèn)為它能夠看到遙遠(yuǎn)的星空。事實(shí)上，人類僅憑肉眼只能看到夜空很小的一部分。并且在很長一段時(shí)間里，人們都無法理解他們所看到的事物。古時(shí)的人們并不知道星星到底是什么，所以他們便憑著想象去創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)空中世界。
　　當(dāng)?shù)谝慌_望遠(yuǎn)鏡對準(zhǔn)夜空時(shí)，我們探索進(jìn)而理解太空的能力就發(fā)生了巨大變化，它不僅增強(qiáng)了人類肉眼觀測的能力，而且也讓我們明白宇宙要比之前想象的大得多。每個(gè)行星都可以被視為和我們地球類似的星球，其中許多行星甚至有它們自己的衛(wèi)星。很快，我們明白太陽只不過是銀河系中數(shù)十億計(jì)的恒星中的一個(gè)。大約300年后，我們又得知，銀河系只是數(shù)十億個(gè)散落在黑色太空中的星系之一，就像漂浮在宇宙汪洋中的一座光與物質(zhì)組成的大型島嶼。
　　第一個(gè)地基望遠(yuǎn)鏡問世將近400年之后，哈勃空間望遠(yuǎn)鏡發(fā)射入軌，不僅讓宇航員，事實(shí)上還讓我們所有人，都看見了來自地球之外令人嘆為觀止的宇宙美景。它讓我們史無前例地看到了如此遙遠(yuǎn)的景觀——從星體誕生的巨大氣體云團(tuán)，到巨型黑洞，甚至到可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)生命跡象的新行星。不僅如此，它還幫助我們測算宇宙的年齡并分析宇宙的本質(zhì)，且發(fā)現(xiàn)了驚人的事實(shí)——宇宙正在以不斷增加的速度擴(kuò)大。
為了能更加深入地觀察宇宙，很多國家開始投入研發(fā)更先進(jìn)的望遠(yuǎn)鏡。近來，中國研發(fā)了世界最大、功能最強(qiáng)的射電望遠(yuǎn)鏡——FAST望遠(yuǎn)鏡，于2016年建成。眾所周知，這個(gè)被稱為“天眼”的500米口徑巨盤用于探尋暗物質(zhì)。暗物質(zhì)被認(rèn)為由亞原子粒子組成，一般望遠(yuǎn)鏡是觀測不到的。這個(gè)巨盤還能探索數(shù)十億光年之外的太空領(lǐng)域，那里是看得到的宇宙的邊界。
哈勃望遠(yuǎn)鏡以及在它之后建成的太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡將使我們能看見更加遙遠(yuǎn)的太空。我們將能觀察幾十億光年外的星體和星系，回看數(shù)十億年之前的過去。終將有一天，我們會使用更巨大的射電望遠(yuǎn)鏡當(dāng)作人類之眼，回看在光產(chǎn)生之前的宇宙的最早時(shí)期。但人類對知識的渴望不止于此。宇宙還有很多的未知領(lǐng)域，我們才剛剛接近這段奇幻發(fā)現(xiàn)之旅的起點(diǎn)。
第一步：析架構(gòu)理清脈絡(luò)
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks.
第二步：知細(xì)節(jié)明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.How did ancient people create a world in the sky？ （　　）
A.By their naked eyes.
B.By telescope.
C.By their imagination.
D.By passing from mouth to mouth.
2.How does the author organize the passage？（　　）
A.By the order of time. B.By the order of space.
C.By giving examples. D.By listing numbers.
3.Why is the “Eyes of Heaven” referred to in Paragraph 4？ （　　）
A.To compare the technology between our country and other countries.
B.To show the effect it has on space exploration.
C.To prove its advantages over other telescopes.
D.To show the effort our country has made to see even further into space.
4.What can’t we infer from the passage？ （　　）
A.The first telescope made much difference to watching the night sky.
B.The Hubble Space Telescope came into being 400 years ago.
C.“Eyes of Heaven” has the ability to make discoveries beyond our imaginations.
D.There are still much of the universe to be explored.
第三步：析難句表達(dá)升級
　Nothing in history has allowed us to see so much over such great distances， from enormous clouds of gas where stars are being born， to huge black holes， and even to new planets where we might conceivably find life.
句式分析 句中to see so much over such great distances為動(dòng)詞不定式短語作　　　　　，兩個(gè)where均引導(dǎo)　　　　從句，第一個(gè)定語從句修飾先行詞　　　　　　　　　　，第二個(gè)定語從句修飾先行詞　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　。
自主翻譯 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
Part Ⅰ　核心詞匯集釋
in reality 事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上
【教材原句】　In reality， humans can see very little of the night sky with the naked eye.
事實(shí)上，人類僅憑肉眼只能看到夜空很小的一部分。
【用法】
transform ...into reality　把……變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí) bring sb back to reality 使某人回到現(xiàn)實(shí)中來；使某人面對現(xiàn)實(shí) escape/face/virtual reality 逃避/面對/虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí) become a reality 成為現(xiàn)實(shí) out of touch with reality 脫離現(xiàn)實(shí)
【佳句】　In reality， she had a passion for gardening from an early age.
事實(shí)上，她從小就熱愛園藝。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The basic definition of VR lies in the name itself， which means “　　　　　　 （real） that is not real”.
②Her friend’s gentle reminder about the upcoming exams brought her back 　　　　　reality.
【寫美】　補(bǔ)全句子
③Outwardly she seemed confident but 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
表面上看她顯得有信心，而實(shí)際上她緊張得要命。
angle v.斜置，斜移；從（某角度）報(bào)道，以（某觀點(diǎn)）提供信息n.斜角，角度；觀點(diǎn)，立場
【教材原句】　Our power to investigate and thus understand space changed dramatically when the first telescope was angled at the night sky ...
當(dāng)?shù)谝慌_望遠(yuǎn)鏡對準(zhǔn)夜空時(shí)，我們探索進(jìn)而理解太空的能力就發(fā)生了巨大變化……
【用法】
at an angle　　　　　成角度的；斜的 from a new angle 從新的角度 right angle 直角 slope angle 斜角
【佳句】　Seeing herself from this angle， she realized how she looked like her mother.
從這個(gè)角度看自己，她意識到她多么像自己的母親。
【練透】　寫出下列句中angle的詞性和詞義
①The rising Sun is especially beautiful to look at from this angle. 　　　　　　　
②We need a new angle for our next advertising campaign. 　　　　　　　
③He angled his chair so that he could sit and watch her. 　　　　　　　
④The programme is angled towards younger viewers. 　　　　　　　
work out 算出；理解；制定出；解決；鍛煉
【教材原句】　Not only that — it has also helped us to work out the age and nature of the universe，and discover the incredible fact that the universe is expanding at an ever-increasing speed.不僅如此，它還幫助我們測算宇宙的年齡并分析宇宙的本質(zhì)，且發(fā)現(xiàn)了驚人的事實(shí)——宇宙正在以不斷增加的速度擴(kuò)大。
【用法】
work on/at　　　　　從事于；致力于 at work 在工作；在運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn) off work 在休假 out of work 失業(yè)
【佳句】　The area can be easily worked out if you know the length and the width.
如果你知道長度和寬度，面積很容易算出來。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Scientists are still working 　　　　　　inventing methods of reaching outer space.
②Now that Lucy is 　　　　　　of work， she has been considering going back to school.
【寫美】　補(bǔ)全句子
③I used to 　　　　　　　　　　in a hospital.我過去在一家醫(yī)院做保潔員。
be engaged in 忙于；從事于
【教材原句】　To see even further into the universe， many countries are now engaged in building ever more advanced telescopes.
為了能更加深入地觀察宇宙，很多國家開始投入研發(fā)更先進(jìn)的望遠(yuǎn)鏡。
【用法】
（1）engage vt.& vi.　　　吸引住；雇用；銜接 engage （oneself） in （doing） sth （使）從事，參加 be engaged in/on （doing） sth 忙于；從事于 be engaged to sb 和……訂婚 （2）engagement n. 訂婚；約定
【佳句】　A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than those who are not.
一項(xiàng)研究表明，參加課后活動(dòng)的學(xué)生比不參加課后活動(dòng)的學(xué)生更快樂。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①M(fèi)y brother is engaged 　　　　　　　　　　　　　Anne， and they will be married next year.
②Much to my regret， I was unable to keep my 　　　　　　（engage） to meet you at the park gate yesterday.
【寫美】　同義句轉(zhuǎn)換
③He wants to engage himself in foreign trade after graduation.
→He wants to 　　　　　　　　　foreign trade after graduation.
look back to/on/at 回顧
【教材原句】　Using ever-larger radio telescopes as our eyes，we will one day be able to look back to a time in the very early universe，before the existence of light.終將有一天，我們會使用更巨大的射電望遠(yuǎn)鏡當(dāng)作人類之眼，回看在光產(chǎn)生之前的宇宙的最早時(shí)期。
【用法】
look into　　　　　　　　向里看；調(diào)查 look up 查閱；抬頭看向 look out＝watch out 小心，當(dāng)心 look out for 注意察看，留心 look through 快速查看，瀏覽
【佳句】　When I look back to those days I realize I was desperately unhappy then.當(dāng)我回想起那些日子，我明白自己當(dāng)時(shí)痛苦極了。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The police are making house-to-house inquiries to look 　　　　　　the case.
②Video games can be fun and exciting， but we need to look 　　　　　　when this pastime becomes an addiction.
③Looking 　　　　　　the newspaper， I’m shocked by photos showing the destruction of the hurricane.
Part Ⅱ　重點(diǎn)句型解構(gòu)
句式結(jié)構(gòu)：it作形式主語
【教材原句】　Soon， it was understood that the Sun was just one star among billions in the galaxy we call the Milky Way.很快，我們明白太陽只不過是銀河系中數(shù)十億計(jì)的恒星中的一個(gè)。
【用法】
it was understood that意為“人們知道；人們認(rèn)識到”，在此句型中it為形式主語，that引導(dǎo)的從句是真正的主語。常用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞還有think，believe，report，say，know，suggest，announce等。 it作形式主語而that從句是真正主語的常見句式： It is a shame/a pity/no wonder/...that ... 令人感到羞恥的是/遺憾的是/難怪/…… It is likely/surprising/interesting/ ...that ... 很可能/令人吃驚的是/令人感興趣的是……
【品悟】　It’s said that a large number of paper-cutting works by experts throughout the country will be on show in the coming Art Festival.據(jù)說大量來自全國專家的剪紙作品會在即將到來的藝術(shù)節(jié)上展出。
【寫美】　微寫作
①大家認(rèn)為把動(dòng)物幼崽和它的主人或媽媽分開比把它獨(dú)自扔在街上更殘忍。（投稿）
　　　　　　　　　　　　 separating a baby animal from its owner or mother is even crueler than you leave it alone on the street.
②爸爸一直工作了三個(gè)小時(shí)，難怪他看上去很累。（日常活動(dòng)）
Dad has been working for three hours.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 he looks so tired.
③我在紐約！我沒有在火車站找到你，真是太遺憾了。（便條）
I’m in New York！ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　I didn’t find you at the railway station.
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖語篇】
第一步
1.source of fascination　2.investigate　3.was angled　
4.previously　5.launched　6.beyond　7.to explore　
8.visible　9.further and further　10.unexplored
第二步
1－4　CCDB
第三步
　賓語補(bǔ)足語　定語　clouds of gas　new planets　它讓我們史無前例地看到了如此遙遠(yuǎn)的景觀——從星體誕生的巨大氣體云團(tuán)，到巨型黑洞，甚至到可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)生命跡象的新行星。
【核心知識·巧突破】
核心詞匯集釋
1.①reality　②to　③in reality she felt extremely nervous
2.①n.角度　②n.觀點(diǎn)，立場　③v.斜置，斜移　
④v.從（某角度）報(bào)道
3.①on/at　②out　③work as a cleaner
4.①to　②engagement　③be engaged in/on
5.①into　②out　③through
重點(diǎn)句型解構(gòu)
　①It is believed that　②It is no wonder that　③It’s really a pity that
7 / 7(共97張PPT)
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
1
篇章助解·釋疑難
目 錄
2
文本透析·剖語篇
4
課時(shí)檢測·提能力
3
核心知識·巧突破
篇章助解·釋疑難
力推課前預(yù)習(xí)
1
EYES UPON THE NIGHT
　　The night sky has been an endless source of fascination① since the
start of human history.For example， the mysterious large-eyed， bronze
statues of the ancient Shu Kingdom， discovered at the Chinese
archeological② site at Sanxingdui， were believed to have been able to
look across great distances into the stars.In reality③， humans can see
very little of the night sky with the naked eye④.And， for a long while，
people were unable to understand what they could see.[1] Not knowing
what the stars were， people in ancient times used their imaginations to
create a world in the sky.
　　[1]Not knowing what the stars were為動(dòng)詞-ing形式的否定形式，
在句中作狀語；what引導(dǎo)賓語從句，并在從句中作表語。
【讀文清障】
①source of fascination魅力源泉
②archeological adj.考古的
③in reality 事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上
④the naked eye 肉眼
　　[2]Our power to investigate⑤ and thus understand space changed
dramatically⑥ when the first telescope⑦ was angled⑧ at the night sky，
increasing as it did the power of the human eye and enabling us to
understand that the universe is far larger than was previously
imaginable.The planets were seen to be worlds similar to our own， many
of them even having their own moons.Soon， it was understood that the
Sun was just one star among billions in the galaxy⑨ we call the Milky Way
⑩.Some 300 years later， we learnt that the Milky Way itself was just one
galaxy among billions of others， spread across the blackness of space like
great islands of light and matter floating in a vast cosmic ocean.
　　[2]本句句子主干為Our power to investigate and thus
understand space changed dramatically，主語中心詞為Our
power，動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語；when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句；第二
個(gè)and連接并列的結(jié)果狀語。
⑤investigate v.調(diào)查，研究
⑥dramatically adv.巨大地；戲劇性地
⑦telescope n.望遠(yuǎn)鏡
⑧angle v.斜置
⑨galaxy n.星系
⑩the Milky Way 銀河系
cosmic adj.宇宙的
　　Almost 400 years after the first Earth-based telescope was invented，
the Hubble Space Telescope was launched into orbit， giving
astronomers — indeed all of us — the first breathtakingly beautiful
images of our universe taken from beyond Earth.Nothing in history has
allowed us to see so much over such great distances， [3]from enormous
clouds of gas where stars are being born， to huge black holes， and even
to new planets where we might conceivably find life.Not only that — it
has also helped us to work out the age and nature of the universe， and
[4]discover the incredible fact that the universe is expanding at an ever-
increasing speed .
　　[3]句中的兩個(gè)where引導(dǎo)的從句均為定語從句，分別修飾gas和
planets。
　　[4]句中that引導(dǎo)同位語從句。
launch v.發(fā)射
breathtakingly adv.驚人地
image n.形象，意象
conceivably adv.可以相信地；可想象地
at an ever-increasing speed 以越來越快的速度
　　To see even further into the universe， many countries are now
engaged in building ever more advanced telescopes .Currently， China
operates the world’s largest and most powerful radio telescope， the
FAST telescope， completed in 2016.The 500-metre dish of the “Eye of
Heaven”，as it is known， is being used in the search for dark matter，
thought to be composed of subatomic particles invisible to ordinary
telescopes.This vast dish also has the ability to explore regions of space
billions of light years away， right at the edge of the visible universe.
　　The Hubble and the space telescopes constructed after it will allow
us to see further and further into space.We will view stars and galaxies
billions of light years away and look back at a past that was billions of
years ago.Using ever-larger radio telescopes as our eyes， we will one day
be able to look back to a time in the very early universe， before the
existence of light.But the human quest for knowledge reaches even
beyond that.So much of the universe remains unexplored that we are still
close to the start of this incredible journey of discovery.
be engaged in從事
advanced telescope先進(jìn)的望遠(yuǎn)鏡
be composed of 由……組成
subatomic adj.亞原子的；原子內(nèi)的
particle n.粒子
subatomic particle
亞原子粒子
invisible adj.看不見的
construct v.建造，創(chuàng)建
quest for 追求，探索
　　從人類有史以來，夜空就一直是讓人浮想聯(lián)翩的不竭源頭。例如
在中國考古遺址三星堆發(fā)掘的古蜀國神秘的巨目銅像，古時(shí)的人們認(rèn)
為它能夠看到遙遠(yuǎn)的星空。事實(shí)上，人類僅憑肉眼只能看到夜空很小
的一部分。并且在很長一段時(shí)間里，人們都無法理解他們所看到的事
物。古時(shí)的人們并不知道星星到底是什么，所以他們便憑著想象去創(chuàng)
造了一個(gè)空中世界。
【參考譯文】
眺望夜空的眼睛
　　當(dāng)?shù)谝慌_望遠(yuǎn)鏡對準(zhǔn)夜空時(shí)，我們探索進(jìn)而理解太空的能力就發(fā)
生了巨大變化，它不僅增強(qiáng)了人類肉眼觀測的能力，而且也讓我們明
白宇宙要比之前想象的大得多。每個(gè)行星都可以被視為和我們地球類
似的星球，其中許多行星甚至有它們自己的衛(wèi)星。很快，我們明白太
陽只不過是銀河系中數(shù)十億計(jì)的恒星中的一個(gè)。大約300年后，我們
又得知，銀河系只是數(shù)十億個(gè)散落在黑色太空中的星系之一，就像漂
浮在宇宙汪洋中的一座光與物質(zhì)組成的大型島嶼。
　　第一個(gè)地基望遠(yuǎn)鏡問世將近400年之后，哈勃空間望遠(yuǎn)鏡發(fā)射
入軌，不僅讓宇航員，事實(shí)上還讓我們所有人，都看見了來自地
球之外令人嘆為觀止的宇宙美景。它讓我們史無前例地看到了如
此遙遠(yuǎn)的景觀——從星體誕生的巨大氣體云團(tuán)，到巨型黑洞，甚
至到可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)生命跡象的新行星。不僅如此，它還幫助我們測
算宇宙的年齡并分析宇宙的本質(zhì)，且發(fā)現(xiàn)了驚人的事實(shí)——宇宙
正在以不斷增加的速度擴(kuò)大。
　　為了能更加深入地觀察宇宙，很多國家開始投入研發(fā)更先進(jìn)的望
遠(yuǎn)鏡。近來，中國研發(fā)了世界最大、功能最強(qiáng)的射電望遠(yuǎn)鏡——FAST
望遠(yuǎn)鏡，于2016年建成。眾所周知，這個(gè)被稱為“天眼”的500米口
徑巨盤用于探尋暗物質(zhì)。暗物質(zhì)被認(rèn)為由亞原子粒子組成，一般望遠(yuǎn)
鏡是觀測不到的。這個(gè)巨盤還能探索數(shù)十億光年之外的太空領(lǐng)域，那
里是看得到的宇宙的邊界。
　　哈勃望遠(yuǎn)鏡以及在它之后建成的太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡將使我們能看見更加
遙遠(yuǎn)的太空。我們將能觀察幾十億光年外的星體和星系，回看數(shù)十億
年之前的過去。終將有一天，我們會使用更巨大的射電望遠(yuǎn)鏡當(dāng)作人
類之眼，回看在光產(chǎn)生之前的宇宙的最早時(shí)期。但人類對知識的渴望
不止于此。宇宙還有很多的未知領(lǐng)域，我們才剛剛接近這段奇幻發(fā)現(xiàn)
之旅的起點(diǎn)。
文本透析·剖語篇
助力語篇理解
2
第一步：析架構(gòu)理清脈絡(luò)
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks.
第二步：知細(xì)節(jié)明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1. How did ancient people create a world in the sky？ （　　）
A. By their naked eyes.
B. By telescope.
C. By their imagination.
D. By passing from mouth to mouth.
2. How does the author organize the passage？（　　）
A. By the order of time. B. By the order of space.
C. By giving examples. D. By listing numbers.
3. Why is the “Eyes of Heaven” referred to in Paragraph 4？ （　　）
A. To compare the technology between our country and other countries.
B. To show the effect it has on space exploration.
C. To prove its advantages over other telescopes.
D. To show the effort our country has made to see even further into space.
4. What can’t we infer from the passage？ （　　）
A. The first telescope made much difference to watching the night sky.
B. The Hubble Space Telescope came into being 400 years ago.
C. “Eyes of Heaven” has the ability to make discoveries beyond our
imaginations.
D. There are still much of the universe to be explored.
第三步：析難句表達(dá)升級
　Nothing in history has allowed us to see so much over such great
distances， from enormous clouds of gas where stars are being born， to
huge black holes， and even to new planets where we might conceivably
find life.
句式分析 句中to see so much over such great distances為動(dòng)詞不定式短
語作 ，兩個(gè)where均引導(dǎo) 從句，第一個(gè)定語
從句修飾先行詞 ，第二個(gè)定語從句修飾先行詞
。
自主翻譯


賓語補(bǔ)足語　
定語　
clouds of gas　
new
planets　
它讓我們史無前例地看到了如此遙遠(yuǎn)的景觀——從星
體誕生的巨大氣體云團(tuán)，到巨型黑洞，甚至到可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)生命跡
象的新行星。　
核心知識·巧突破
探究課堂重點(diǎn)
3
Part Ⅰ　核心詞匯集釋
in reality 事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上
【教材原句】　In reality， humans can see very little of the night sky
with the naked eye.
事實(shí)上，人類僅憑肉眼只能看到夜空很小的一部分。
【用法】
transform ...into reality　把……變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)
bring sb back to reality　　使某人回到現(xiàn)實(shí)中來；使某人面對現(xiàn)實(shí)
escape/face/virtual reality　　逃避/面對/虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)
become a reality　　成為現(xiàn)實(shí)
out of touch with reality　　脫離現(xiàn)實(shí)
【佳句】　In reality， she had a passion for gardening from an early
age.事實(shí)上，她從小就熱愛園藝。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The basic definition of VR lies in the name itself， which means
“ （real） that is not real”.
②Her friend’s gentle reminder about the upcoming exams brought her
back reality.
reality　
to　
【寫美】　補(bǔ)全句子
③Outwardly she seemed confident but
.
表面上看她顯得有信心，而實(shí)際上她緊張得要命。
in reality she felt extremely
nervous　
angle v.斜置，斜移；從（某角度）報(bào)道，以（某觀點(diǎn)）提供信息
n.斜角，角度；觀點(diǎn)，立場
【教材原句】　Our power to investigate and thus understand space
changed dramatically when the first telescope was angled at the night
sky ...
當(dāng)?shù)谝慌_望遠(yuǎn)鏡對準(zhǔn)夜空時(shí)，我們探索進(jìn)而理解太空的能力就發(fā)生了
巨大變化……
【用法】
at an angle　　成角度的；斜的
from a new angle　　從新的角度
right angle　　直角
slope angle　　斜角
【佳句】　Seeing herself from this angle， she realized how she looked
like her mother.
從這個(gè)角度看自己，她意識到她多么像自己的母親。
【練透】　寫出下列句中angle的詞性和詞義
①The rising Sun is especially beautiful to look at from this angle.　

②We need a new angle for our next advertising campaign.

③He angled his chair so that he could sit and watch her.

④The programme is angled towards younger viewers.

n.
角度　
n.觀點(diǎn)，立場　
v.斜置，斜移　
v.從（某角度）報(bào)道　
work out 算出；理解；制定出；解決；鍛煉
【教材原句】　Not only that — it has also helped us to work out the age
and nature of the universe，and discover the incredible fact that the
universe is expanding at an ever-increasing speed.
不僅如此，它還幫助我們測算宇宙的年齡并分析宇宙的本質(zhì)，且發(fā)現(xiàn)
了驚人的事實(shí)——宇宙正在以不斷增加的速度擴(kuò)大。
【用法】
work on/at　　從事于；致力于
at work　　在工作；在運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)
off work　　在休假
out of work　　失業(yè)
【佳句】　The area can be easily worked out if you know the length and
the width.
如果你知道長度和寬度，面積很容易算出來。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Scientists are still working inventing methods of reaching
outer space.
②Now that Lucy is of work， she has been considering going
back to school.
on/at　
out　
【寫美】　補(bǔ)全句子
③I used to in a hospital.
我過去在一家醫(yī)院做保潔員。
work as a cleaner　
be engaged in 忙于；從事于
【教材原句】　To see even further into the universe， many countries
are now engaged in building ever more advanced telescopes.
為了能更加深入地觀察宇宙，很多國家開始投入研發(fā)更先進(jìn)的望
遠(yuǎn)鏡。
【用法】
（1）engage vt.& vi.　　吸引住；雇用；銜接
engage （oneself） in （doing） sth　　（使）從事，參加
be engaged in/on （doing） sth　　忙于；從事于
be engaged to sb　　和……訂婚
（2）engagement n.　　訂婚；約定
【佳句】　A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school
activities are happier than those who are not.一項(xiàng)研究表明，參加課后活
動(dòng)的學(xué)生比不參加課后活動(dòng)的學(xué)生更快樂。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①M(fèi)y brother is engaged Anne， and they will be married next
year.
②Much to my regret， I was unable to keep my
（engage） to meet you at the park gate yesterday.
to　
engagement　
【寫美】　同義句轉(zhuǎn)換
③He wants to engage himself in foreign trade after graduation.
→He wants to foreign trade after graduation.
be engaged in/on　
look back to/on/at 回顧
【教材原句】　Using ever-larger radio telescopes as our eyes，we will
one day be able to look back to a time in the very early universe，before
the existence of light.
終將有一天，我們會使用更巨大的射電望遠(yuǎn)鏡當(dāng)作人類之眼，回看在
光產(chǎn)生之前的宇宙的最早時(shí)期。
【用法】
look into　　向里看；調(diào)查
look up　　查閱；抬頭看向
look out＝watch out　　小心，當(dāng)心
look out for　　注意察看，留心
look through　　快速查看，瀏覽
【佳句】　When I look back to those days I realize I was desperately
unhappy then.
當(dāng)我回想起那些日子，我明白自己當(dāng)時(shí)痛苦極了。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The police are making house-to-house inquiries to look the
case.
②Video games can be fun and exciting， but we need to look
when this pastime becomes an addiction.
③Looking the newspaper， I’m shocked by photos
showing the destruction of the hurricane.
into　
out　
through　
Part Ⅱ　重點(diǎn)句型解構(gòu)
句式結(jié)構(gòu)：it作形式主語
【教材原句】　Soon， it was understood that the Sun was just one star
among billions in the galaxy we call the Milky Way.很快，我們明白太陽
只不過是銀河系中數(shù)十億計(jì)的恒星中的一個(gè)。
【用法】
it was understood that意為“人們知道；人們認(rèn)識到”，在此句型中it
為形式主語，that引導(dǎo)的從句是真正的主語。常用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞
還有think，believe，report，say，know，suggest，announce等。
it作形式主語而that從句是真正主語的常見句式：
It is a shame/a pity/no wonder/...that ...
令人感到羞恥的是/遺憾的是/難怪/……
It is likely/surprising/interesting/ ...that ...
很可能/令人吃驚的是/令人感興趣的是……
【品悟】　It’s said that a large number of paper-cutting works by
experts throughout the country will be on show in the coming Art Festival.
據(jù)說大量來自全國專家的剪紙作品會在即將到來的藝術(shù)節(jié)上展出。
【寫美】　微寫作
①大家認(rèn)為把動(dòng)物幼崽和它的主人或媽媽分開比把它獨(dú)自扔在街上更
殘忍。（投稿）
separating a baby animal from its owner or mother is
even crueler than you leave it alone on the street.
②爸爸一直工作了三個(gè)小時(shí)，難怪他看上去很累。（日常活動(dòng)）
Dad has been working for three hours. he looks so
tired.
It is believed that　
It is no wonder that　
③我在紐約！我沒有在火車站找到你，真是太遺憾了。（便條）
I’m in New York！ I didn’t find you at the
railway station.
It’s really a pity that　
課時(shí)檢測·提能力
培育學(xué)科素養(yǎng)
4
維度一：品句填詞
1. With the help of a （望遠(yuǎn)鏡）， we could see the
details of the moon’s surface.
2. Keeping your （肌肉） strong and in tone helps you to
avoid back problems.
3. Exercising at home alone requires a tremendous amount of
（自律）.
telescope　
muscles　
self-
discipline　
4. Ellen’s face wrinkles as if she is about to （打噴嚏）.
5. The mirror was a to reflect light from a window.
6. Don’t forget to return to the car and f all your personal
possessions with you.
sneeze　
ngled　
etch　
維度二：詞形轉(zhuǎn)換
1. The “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help break down the
（visible） social barrier.
2. （conceivable），it is your thoughtful decisions that
enable our company to accumulate money automatically.
3. We shouldn’t （straightforward） draw the
conclusion that the boy was wrong.
invisible　
Conceivably　
straightforwardly　
維度三：固定搭配和句式
1. The university （由……組成） 23 departments
and 40 institutions.
2. He jogs to exercise （以……速度） five miles per
hour every morning.
3. （尋找） his lost child， Jack managed to help
many parents suffering from the same experience as him find their own
children.
is composed of　
at a speed of　
In the search for　
4. When you （回顧） your own past， you are
more likely to see those things.
5. The group meets （定期）， usually weekly or
biweekly.
6. He does wholesale business， while his brother （忙
于） retail business.
7. I have read 99 per cent of this novel.In other words， I have
（差不多） finished the book.
look back on/at/to　
on a regular basis　
is engaged in　
more or
less　
8. （顯然） his remarks were very hurtful，
which broke her heart.
9. （你練習(xí)得越多）， the better you can
understand.
It was evident that　
The more you practice　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
　　A
　　Taking a picture of Mars is not easy. Once light bounces off the
planet， it can take between 3 to 22 minutes to travel to Earth — so there
aren’t truly “l(fā)ive” images of Mars.
　　But on Friday afternoon， the European Space Agency will offer the
closest thing： the first “l(fā)ivestream” of Mars a rare， almost real-time
look into space on YouTube， which posts pictures of the planet every 50
seconds as they beam down directly from the camera mounted （安裝）
on the agency’s Mars Express orbiter （軌道飛行器）. We can get a
first-hand look at Mars on Friday.
　　“During Friday’s one-hour livestream， the time between the
images being taken from orbit around Mars and appearing on your screen
will be about 18 minutes，” James Godfrey， the spacecraft operations
manager at the ESA’s mission control center， said in a statement.
“That’s 17 minutes for light to travel from Mars to Earth in their current
configuration， and about one minute to pass through the wires and servers
on the ground.”
　　“Normally， we see images from Mars and know that they were
taken days before. I’m excited to see Mars as it is now — as close to a
Martian （火星人） ‘now’ as we can possibly get！”
　　In 50-second intervals， the camera shoots across Mars， showing a
side of the planet entering night， as well as some clouds billowing out on
the corner. The livestream celebrates the 20th anniversary of the Mars
Express mission which was launched in 2003 to better understand the
planet， as well as search for traces of water.
　　It’s with this camera， originally meant for engineering purposes，
that we’ll get “l(fā)ive” images on Friday evening from 18：00 CEST in
the first MarsLIVE. What makes this unique is that it’s a one-hour
livestream from Mars but don’t expect a detailed view of the Red
Planet！
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。歐洲空間局即將在YouTube上直播
火星的實(shí)時(shí)畫面，雖然并非真正的“直播”，但每50秒更新一次的
圖像將提供近乎實(shí)時(shí)的火星觀測體驗(yàn)。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。歐洲空間局即將在YouTube上直播
火星的實(shí)時(shí)畫面，雖然并非真正的“直播”，但每50秒更新一次的
圖像將提供近乎實(shí)時(shí)的火星觀測體驗(yàn)。
1. What can we learn from this text？（　　）
A. Watching the MarsLIVE， people will have a completely real-time
view of the Mars.
B. The audience can watch the MarsLIVE thanks to the camera on the
Mars.
C. About 20 years ago， the ESA launched an orbiter to search for
Martians.
D. The MarsLIVE is to celebrate the launch of the Mars Express mission
in 2003.
解析：　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句可知，火星直播是
為了慶祝2003年火星快車任務(wù)的發(fā)射。
2. What does the underlined word “configuration” in Paragraph 3
mean？（　　）
A. Equipment. B. Orbit.
C. Planet. D. Spacecraft.
解析：　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后的and about one minute to
pass through the wires and servers on the ground可知，火星上的圖像
通過不同設(shè)備發(fā)回地球。由此推測，configuration意為“設(shè)備”，
和A項(xiàng)意思相近。
3. What is the text mainly about？（　　）
A. The live images taken from orbit around Mars.
B. The 20th anniversary of the Mars Express mission.
C. The first “l(fā)ivestream” of Mars to be shown on YouTube.
D. A rare and almost real-time look into space on YouTube.
解析：　主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容尤其是第二段可知，本文主
要講述了歐洲空間局即將在YouTube上直播火星的實(shí)時(shí)畫面。
4. What does the last paragraph imply？（　　）
A. The camera was originally used to shoot the Mars.
B. We can get truly live Mars images in the first MarsLIVE.
C. Detailed images about the Mars can’t be ensured.
D. The unique MarsLIVE will live up to viewers’ expectation.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，別指望能看到這顆紅
色星球的詳細(xì)景象，也就是暗示了關(guān)于火星的詳細(xì)圖像無法保證。
B
　　The Moon’s permanently shadowed areas， nearly 384，000
kilometres away from home， are the closest water source outside the
Earth.The craters have been dark since billions of years ago.But now with
student-developed technologies， more about them can be discovered.
　　Through the competitive Breakthrough， Innovative and Game-
changing （BIG） Idea Challenge and the Space Grant project， NASA
has awarded nearly $1 million to eight university teams.They will build
sample lunar payloads and demonstrate innovative ways to study the
Moon’s darkest areas.
　　“It’s an exciting time for NASA and students across the
country，” said Drew J. Hope， Program Manager of Game Changing
Development program.“Thanks to our partnership with the Office of
STEM Engagement， this is the most money NASA has awarded in a
student challenge directly connected to Artemis.”
　　The chosen teams will work out ways to gather data in and around the
craters， generate wireless power for future infrastructure， and enable
autonomous mobility even in the most extreme environments.The research
results could benefit NASA’s Artemis program.Each team will receive
different quantities of grants， based on the concept and budget they
propose.They will develop and test the technologies in simulated
environments with the awards.Then a panel of NASA and industry experts
will examine the team’s research and development results at a face-to-
face design review.
　　“One of the most exciting things about this challenge is that several
of the concepts， if proven to be viable as a result of these awards， could
eventually be integrated and operated together on the surface of the
Moon，” according to Chad Rowe， Acting Manager of Space Grant
Project.“These students are part of the Artemis generation and they are
helping fulfill NASA’s mission needs today， while developing relevant
hands-on experience that will prepare them for aerospace careers after
graduation.”
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。美國航天局選出了8個(gè)大學(xué)的團(tuán)隊(duì)，
提供資金和獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，輔助美國航天局進(jìn)行對月球暗面的探索。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。美國航天局選出了8個(gè)大學(xué)的團(tuán)隊(duì)，
提供資金和獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，輔助美國航天局進(jìn)行對月球暗面的探索。
5. What can we know from Paragraph 1？（　　）
A. The Moon can’t serve as a water source for us.
B. Some students are working in NASA.
C. The Moon is the only water source outside the Earth.
D. We can explore more about the Moon.
解析：　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知，人類對月球
的探索還沒有停止，有了科學(xué)技術(shù)，我們可以更深入地對月球
進(jìn)行研究。
6. Why did NASA award those eight university teams？（　　）
A. Because they stood out in a challenge and a project.
B. Because they demonstrated technologies to study the Moon.
C. Because they explored the mystery of space.
D. Because they challenged NASA’s Artemis program.
解析：　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，這八支隊(duì)伍是經(jīng)
過了一系列競爭性大的競賽從而脫穎而出并進(jìn)行后續(xù)研究的。
7. What will the chosen teams work out according to Paragraph 4？
（　　）
A. The way to create Wi-Fi on the Moon for future use.
B. The way to ensure autonomous mobility can be used in space.
C. The way to examine the research and results face-to-face.
D. The way to collect information and statistics of the Moon.
解析：　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句可知，這些隊(duì)伍的其中
一個(gè)研發(fā)方向就是尋找收集月球數(shù)據(jù)的方法。
8. According to Chad Rowe， what benefit can the students get from the
project？（　　）
A. They can land on the Moon.
B. They can get money while doing the job.
C. They can gain experience for their future careers.
D. They can work in NASA after graduation.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中Chad Rowe 所說的These
students are part of the Artemis generation ...that will prepare them for
aerospace careers after graduation.可推斷，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目可以為學(xué)生們
積累以后的職業(yè)生涯所需要的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
C
　　On Nov. 16， seven astronauts on the International Space Station
（ISS） woke up to an alarm. A Russian missile test had just bombed a
satellite into more than 1，500 pieces of space debris （殘骸）. Some got
very close to the ISS.
　　NASA says space debris like this can travel at more than 28，000
km/h. That’s much faster than a bullet （子彈） （about 3，500
km/h）. Even a pea-sized piece of debris could “wipe out” a space
station or kill an astronaut if he or she is doing a spacewalk， says Live
Science.
　　Since the 1950s， humans have sent thousands of rockets and
satellites into space. Many are still there， and we now face an ever-
increasing problem of space rubbish. In 2006， for example， National
Geographic reported that a tiny piece of space rubbish hit the ISS， taking
a small piece of glass out of a window. In June of this year， a piece of
debris ran into one of the station’s robotic arms， which are just like the
arms of a robot， and left a hole.
　　Scientists are trying different ways to deal with the problem. One way
is to use a huge net. In 2018， the UK’s Survey Space Center caught
some space rubbish with a net in an experiment. It first found the debris，
and then collected it with a net and a harpoon （魚叉）.
　　Another way is to use robotic arms. Clear Space 1， the European
Space Agency’s task to clean space rubbish， is going to be sent into
space in 2025. It will use robotic arms to catch debris. This plans to throw
the debris into Earth’s atmosphere， where it will burn up as it falls
because of strong friction （摩擦）.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了太空垃圾的危害以及科
學(xué)家為解決這一問題嘗試的解決辦法。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了太空垃圾的危害以及科
學(xué)家為解決這一問題嘗試的解決辦法。
9. What does the bomb of the Russian missile mainly cause according to
the article？ （　　）
A. Plants. B. Soil.
C. Space debris. D. Food.
解析：　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句可知，俄羅斯導(dǎo)彈的爆
炸主要造成了太空碎片。
10. How many times does space debris move as fast as a bullet according
to NASA？ （　　）
A. Eight times. B. Nine times.
C. Seven times. D. Six times.
解析：　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段前兩句可知，太空碎片的飛
行速度是每小時(shí)28，000多公里，子彈的速度是每小時(shí)約3，500公
里，即太空碎片的速度是子彈的8倍。
11. What happens to a space station if it gets “wiped out”？（　　）
A. It gets cleaned. B. It gets rebuilt.
C. It gets old. D. It gets broken.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知，太空碎片的
破壞力巨大，即使是豌豆大小的碎片也可能摧毀空間站，或者殺
死正在進(jìn)行太空行走的宇航員。wiped out表示“摧毀”，即如果
一個(gè)空間站被摧毀，它會被破壞。
12. What can we infer from Paragraphs 3－4？（　　）
A. There is nothing we can do to deal with space debris.
B. The astronauts are quite safe in space even there is space debris.
C. Thousands of old rockets and satellites are turning into space rubbish
for years.
D. More and more tasks are failing because we don’t want to cause space
rubbish.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段前兩句可知，人類已經(jīng)發(fā)送
了很多火箭和衛(wèi)星，其中很多仍然在太空，我們現(xiàn)在面臨著日益
嚴(yán)重的太空垃圾問題。由此推知，多年來，成千上萬的舊火箭和
衛(wèi)星正在變成太空垃圾。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
How is dining in space different from eating on Earth？
　　Spacesuits？ Check！ Oxygen？ Check！ Water？ Check！ Are we
forgetting something？ Food！ If you send astronauts into space， you
have to send along food as well. But what do astronauts eat， and how do
they eat it？ 13.（　　）
　　First， and possibly most important， is nutrition （營養(yǎng)）. 14.
（　　） Providing junk foods to eat， such as potato chips， sodas，
and pizza， would make the astronauts unhealthy.
　　15. （　　） If the food that has been provided is distasteful， then
the astronauts may avoid eating it. If you’ve ever tried to concentrate on
something important while your stomach doesn’t feel well， you’ll
know why the scientists in charge of a space mission want their astronauts
to eat regularly.
　　The lack of gravity in a spacecraft also determines what foods can or
cannot be eaten in space. Meals must be packaged carefully so they
won’t spill into the cabin. Liquids or tiny bits of food could get inside a
machine or electronic device and damage it. 16.（　　） A loose knife
bouncing （彈起） around inside the cabin would be dangerous.
　　Finally， weight is an important concern. The weight of every object
included in a spacecraft must be calculated in order to ensure that there is
enough fuel and power to carry the craft safely into space and home again.
17.（　　） Most foods are stored in plastic bags， and often， the foods
are dehydrated （脫水）. When an astronaut is ready to eat， hot water is
added to rehydrate the meal and warm it up.
　　Despite all these requirements， much of the food eaten in space is
actually similar to what you might eat on the earth.
A. Variety and taste are also important.
B. Food packaging is made to be as light as possible.
C. For the same reason sharp tools are never used onboard.
D. Nutrition and practicality are important things to consider.
E. Believe it or not， they also have fresh fruits and vegetables.
F. Scientists take several factors into consideration as they plan meals for
space.
G. Maintaining the astronauts’ physical health is a top task for any space
mission.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。在太空吃飯和在地球吃飯有何不
同？科學(xué)家在計(jì)劃太空用餐時(shí)考慮到了幾個(gè)因素。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。在太空吃飯和在地球吃飯有何不
同？科學(xué)家在計(jì)劃太空用餐時(shí)考慮到了幾個(gè)因素。
13. F　根據(jù)空前問句并結(jié)合下文的幾個(gè)因素可知，選項(xiàng)總起下文。F
項(xiàng)（科學(xué)家在計(jì)劃太空用餐時(shí)考慮了幾個(gè)因素）中的factors呼應(yīng)下文
的幾個(gè)具體因素。
14. G　上句說明了營養(yǎng)對宇航員的重要作用。G項(xiàng)（維持宇航員的身
體健康是任何太空任務(wù)的首要任務(wù)）承接上文。
15. A　根據(jù)下句可知，如果提供的食物不可口，宇航員可能會不
吃。A項(xiàng)（食物種類和口味也是很重要的）突出了段落中心。
16. C　根據(jù)上句可知，液體或食物殘?jiān)赡軙M(jìn)入機(jī)器或電子設(shè)備
并損壞它。C項(xiàng)（出于同樣的原因，飛船上從不使用鋒利的工具）承
接上文。
17. B　根據(jù)設(shè)空前后句可知，食物的包裝做得盡可能輕。B項(xiàng)中的
light呼應(yīng)下句中的plastic bags和dehydrated。
Ⅲ.應(yīng)用文寫作
　　你校將以四月十二日載人空間飛行國際日為主題，舉辦英語征文
比賽。請你寫一篇短文投稿，內(nèi)容包括：
　　1. 太空探索的重要性；
　　2. 你的期待。
注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；
2. 請按如下格式作答。
Space Exploration Lights up Dreams
　　12 April was officially named by the UN in 2011 as International
Day of Human Space Flight. 　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
參考范文：
Space Exploration Lights up Dreams
　　 12 April was officially named by the UN in 2011 as International Day
of Human Space Flight.We observe this day to inspire more people to learn
scientific knowledge and generate innovative ideas about space.
　　The space exploration is essential for us.It has made a difference in
fighting world hunger.The satellite data on weather patterns has helped
farmers grow more food.Besides， many space experiments have
promoted incredible products like organ monitors and digital cameras and
we will learn how to live in a different environment.
　　Our progress in space exploration gives me hope and inspires me to
make contributions to it.I hope that people can live in the space one day
and build a shared community there.
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