資源簡介

(共84張PPT)
Section Ⅳ
Discovering Useful Structures
目 錄
(語法項目——過去分詞作定語和賓語補足語)
課時跟蹤檢測
(語法項目——過去分詞作定語和賓語補足語)
Peter once hated cycling and his abandoned① bicycle was in the corner of his room. Later his father invited a retired② bike instructor to give him some instructions. In order to make himself understood③ by Peter, the coach repeated again and again, requiring him to practise every day. He must finish the task in the time given④.
The method adopted by his coach⑤ was very scientific and he made rapid progress. In a cycle race he took part in, the cyclists involved⑥ all longed to win medals. During the match, the audience beside the road waved at him and he was proud of himself. Finally, Peter won a gold medal.
[語法入門]
①②為過去分詞作前置定語；
③為過去分詞作賓語補足語；
④⑥為過去分詞作后置定語；
⑤為過去分詞短語作后置定語。
規則動詞的過去分詞由動詞原形加-ed構成。不規則動詞的過去分詞沒有統一的構成規則。過去分詞一般表示完成的和被動的動作，在句子中不能單獨構成謂語，可以用作定語、賓語補足語、表語和狀語。
一、過去分詞作定語　
　　[先感知]
①The results indicated that something produced by the mould (霉菌) had killed the bacteria.
②As Louis Pasteur said，“Fortune favours the prepared mind.”
③There are few tigers left.It is time for the departments concerned to take measures to protect them from dying out.
④Is there anything unsolved
⑤The risen sun is shining brightly at noon.
[會發現]
(1)句①中的加黑部分為過去分詞短語，在句中作______定語；句②中的加黑部分為單個過去分詞，在句中作______定語；句③中的left和concerned及句④中的unsolved則是單個過去分詞作后置定語。
(2)及物動詞(短語)作定語，一般表示被動和完成；不及物動詞作定語，如句⑤中的加黑部分只表示_______________。
后置
前置
動作的完成
[明規則]
1．一般情況下，單個過去分詞作定語，通常放在所修飾詞之前。
(1)有些過去分詞表示特定含義時，單獨作定語也放在所修飾的名詞之后，如left(剩余的), given(所給的), concerned (有關的)等。
(2)如果被修飾的詞是由every/some/any/no與thing/body/one所構成的復合代詞或指示代詞those等，單個過去分詞放在被修飾詞的后面。
2．過去分詞短語作定語時往往后置，通常放在所修飾詞之后，它的作用相當于一個定語從句。
3．及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，在語態上表示被動；在時間上，常表示動作已經發生或完成。不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，不表示被動意義，只強調動作已完成。
[名師點津]　過去分詞(done)、現在分詞的被動語態(being done)與動詞不定式的被動語態(to be done)作定語的區別：
　　　意義 形式　　　 語態 時態
done 被動 完成
being done 被動 進行
to be done 被動 尚未發生
　[對點練]
(1)用所給詞的適當形式填空
①(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, _________(inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace.
inspired
②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Shanghai may be the _________(recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao's birthplace.
③(2023·全國甲卷)Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message __________(intend) for everyone.
recognized
intended
④(2022·全國乙卷)It can help to build a community with a _________(share) future for mankind.
⑤There are still many problems ___________(solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.
⑥The cars ___________(sell) at the market now are made in Guangzhou.
shared
to be solved
being sold
(2)同義句轉換
⑦He is a teacher who is loved by his students.(改為過去分詞短語作后置定語)
→He is a teacher____________________.
loved by his students
二、過去分詞作賓語補足語　
[先感知]
①He got up late and hurried to his office, leaving the breakfast untouched.
②Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.
③While they were on holiday, they had their house broken into.
④They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English.
⑤The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already laid for a meal to be cooked.
[會發現]
以上結構中，過去分詞在句中作賓語補足語，補充說明賓語_____________________________。
所發生的動作或存在的狀態
[明規則]
過去分詞(短語)作賓語補足語，用于“主語＋謂語＋賓語＋賓語補足語”句式，說明賓語的性質或狀態，構成過去分詞的動詞與賓語之間為邏輯上的動賓關系。過去分詞作賓語補足語的情況通常有以下幾種：
1．過去分詞用在表示某種狀態的keep, leave等詞的后面作賓語補足語。　　　　
2．過去分詞用在使役動詞have/get和make的后面作賓語補足語。
(1)“have/get＋賓語＋過去分詞”可以表示兩種含義：“讓別人做某事”或“遭遇到某種不幸”。
(2)在“make＋賓語＋過去分詞”這種結構中，過去分詞表示結果。
3．感官動詞see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find等后，可用過去分詞作賓語補足語。
4．表示“意愿；命令”的動詞，如like, want, wish, expect, order等可用過去分詞作賓語補足語。
5．用在“with＋賓語＋賓語補足語”這一結構中，過去分詞與賓語之間是動賓關系。
　[名師點津]　過去分詞、現在分詞和動詞不定式作賓語補足語的區別：
形式 賓語和構成賓補的動詞之間的關系 意義
過去分詞作賓補 邏輯上的動賓關系 表示被動、完成的動作
現在分詞作賓補 邏輯上的主謂關系 表示主動、正在進行的動作
動詞不定式作賓補(感官動詞 hear, see, notice 等可接省略to 的不定式) 邏輯上的主謂關系 表示主動動作發生的全過程
續表
[對點練]　(用所給詞的適當形式填空)
①(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Each town has its own traditional dish, and every family keeps a recipe _________(pass) from one generation to another.
②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)There, you'll find them ________(prepare) differently — more dumpling and less soup.
passed
prepared
③(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)But that's how nature is — always leaving us ____________(astonish)．
④Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car _________(wash)．
⑤With the problem ________(solve), the quality has been improved.
astonished
washed
solved
⑥They knew her very well. They had seen her ______(grow) up from childhood.
⑦The missing boy was last seen __________(play) near the river.
grow
playing
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1．The USA is a ___________ (shorten) name for the United States of America.
2．The bridge ________(build) last year is reported to have fallen in the floods last week.
shortened
built
3．I have never visited the small village _________(locate) on the other side of this river.
4．The origin of facial make-up _______(use) in Peking Opera can be traced back to the Southern and Northern Dynasties Period.
located
used
5．Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people __________(trap) in powerless high-rise buildings.
6．I just couldn't make myself ____________(understand) while talking to a foreigner.
trapped
understood
7．One who reads it is capable of seeing the beauty _________(hide) from his eyes.
8．People in the south have their houses ________(make) of bamboo.
hidden
made
9．When he woke up, he found himself ______(tie) to bed and unable to move.
10．The steward was surprised to find his room thoroughly cleaned and everything ___________(arrange) in perfect order.
tied
arranged
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．The rescue team ____________________________________has been sent to the disaster area.
由5位醫生和7名護士組成的救援隊已被派往災區。
2．The children ______________________________were rescued successfully by firefighters.
那些困在起火大樓里的孩子被消防員成功救出來了。
made up of five doctors and seven nurses
trapped in the burning building
3．Tsinghua University,________________, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
清華大學，創辦于1911年，是許多杰出人物的搖籃。
4．The theatre __________________has become a well-known tourist attraction.
這座建于300年前的劇院已成為著名的旅游景點。
founded in 1911
built 300 years ago
5．With the Spring Festival approaching, I bought a toy _________________________for my child.
隨著春節的臨近，我給孩子買了一個裝飾著彩燈的玩具。
6．The teacher spoke louder to__________________, but he failed.
為了讓自己說話能被聽到，老師說得更大聲了點，但是未能奏效。
decorated with colorful lights
make himself heard
7．Her husband rushed home, only to______________________.
她丈夫急匆匆趕回家，結果發現門已經被鎖了。
8．________________________around water, Guilin is one of the most popular tourist destinations in China.
桂林是中國最受歡迎的旅游目的地之一，整個城市圍繞著水而建。
find the door locked
With the whole city built
9．As he was pushing his bicycle across the track, he was surprised to______________________.
當他正推著他的自行車跨過這條小道時，他吃驚地聽到有人叫他的名字。
10．When I came into the classroom this morning, I _________________in a novel.
今天早上當我進教室的時候，我發現他正埋頭讀一本小說。
hear his name called
found him buried
課時跟蹤檢測
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
In the name of social distancing, this year's graduation ceremonies have become different. However, one tradition has continued to exist — the square graduation cap, commonly known as a mortarboard hat.
European scholars (學者) have been wearing caps since the first universities were started in the 11th century, but their early caps looked more like Amelia Earhart's pilot cap than the square caps we know today. Early scholars first used the pileus (傘狀帽). By the 14th century, pileus caps were becoming taller, similar to a modern chef's hat but shorter. This style, the “pileus rotundus”， was used mainly by university students studying law, medicine, and science.
By the middle of the 16th century, a new cap style made waves in universities: the “pileus quadratus”， a soft, square cap that required less material to make. Soon the two styles, round and square, became symbols of different statuses. One century later at the University of Oxford, under-graduates wore the older, rounded caps, while those with higher degrees were allowed to wear the pileus quadratus.
The first American colleges were started in the mid-1600s, and their class structures and degree requirements followed famous English universities. And European scholarly traditions were kept — including ideas of proper academic dress. Today, American graduates in law, medicine, and philosophy still wear rounded caps, but undergraduates always use the square cap.
Although the square hat has a centuries-old history, new cap traditions are popping up across the US. About 100 years ago, students began moving their tassels (流蘇) from the right side of their cap to the left. To this day there are no formal rules on where the tassel should be placed, but the act of moving it from one side to the other has been widely popular.
While the ways in which we observe graduation may change, the four-cornered black hat will likely remain a sort of culture for academic achievements — a symbol of celebration with roots going back to medieval Europe.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了歐洲和美國畢業帽的歷史。
√
1．What can be known about the “pileus rotundus”？
A．It is widely used by chefs today.
B．It appeared earlier than the pileus.
C．It was invented by an American scholar.
D．It was worn by part of the college students.
解析：細節理解題。根據第二段的“By the 14th century, pileus caps were becoming taller, ... by university students studying law, medicine, and science.”可知，當時“傘形圓帽”主要被學習法律、醫學和科學的大學生使用，即一部分大學生戴“傘形圓帽”。
√
2．What does the underlined phrase “made waves” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Drew a lot of attention.
B．Played a leading role.
C．Lost some support.
D．Caused trouble.
解析：詞義猜測題。根據第三段的“Soon the two styles, round and square, became symbols of different statuses.”可知，pileus quadratus的兩種風格成了不同地位的象征。由此推知，它們引起了大學生的大量關注，開始流行起來。由此猜測，畫線部分made waves意為“引起大量關注”。
√
3．What does the author want to show by introducing tassels on the caps
A．Tassels are important to the caps.
B．Formal rules are necessary for the caps.
C．New cap traditions have appeared in American colleges.
D．College students can design different kinds of caps now.
解析：推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段的“Although the square hat has a centuries-old history, new cap traditions are popping up across the US.”可推知，下文提到帽子上流蘇位置的變化是為了說明新的帽子傳統正在美國的大學出現。
√
4．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A．The development of different caps in people's daily life
B．An unusual teaching method in American universities
C．The history of graduates' caps in Europe and America
D．Special graduation ceremonies for college students
解析：標題歸納題。文章第一段提出雖然畢業典禮變得不同了，但有一個傳統是沒變的——方形畢業帽；第二、三段介紹歐洲畢業帽的歷史；第四、五段介紹美國畢業帽的歷史；最后一段進行總結。由此可知，文章主要介紹了歐洲和美國畢業帽的歷史。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Born in the United States, I, with black hair and yellow skin, am an American. Yes, I am a US citizen. Yet I 5 early in my childhood that I was very different.
It wasn't until 6 to the early years of primary school that I noticed this difference. Some kids in my class asked me 7 I could speak Chinese. It seemed strange to me that they would be interested in this part of my 8 . I answered “yes” and expected them to say nothing else about it.
To my surprise, they were 9 to hear me say something in Chinese. When I did so, they said, “Wow, that's cool！” I had always thought of it as just a strange 10 that came from China.
I 11 what had happened that day when I got home. I went into the bathroom to wash my hands as I usually did. I looked myself in the mirror — the same face was 12 from that morning, but it didn't 13 the same to me. For the first time, I felt different from the others in my 14 .
That day I discovered a part of my life that was 15 — in culture and tradition — from the one I was 16 .
Now I know that we must all remember our 17 ， but we must also continue to explore, realizing that 18 is different, with our own beliefs, opinions, traditions and lifestyles. Recognizing these differences should 19 respect for one another.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。身為美籍華人的作者在上小學時，某一天給班上的其他孩子講中文，從而第一次認識到自己和班上的其他人不一樣，發現了生活中不同的部分。作者認識到認可這些差異應該會促進彼此尊重。
√
5．A.deserved B．discovered
C．unpressed D．proved
解析：作者是生活在美國的美籍華人，很早便發現了自己與其他同學有很大的不同。倒數第二段中“I discovered a part of my life”也是提示。故選B。
√
6．A.one moment B．one evening
C．one day D．one year
解析：根據后文“in the early years of primary school”可知，是指作者上小學的某一天，應用one day。故選C。
√
7．A.why B．how
C．when D．if
解析：此處為賓語從句。從句中不缺少成分，表示“是否”應用if。故選D。
√
8．A.life B．manuscript
C．secret D．program
解析：作者作為美籍華人能夠說中文，這屬于他生活中的一部分。倒數第二段中“I discovered a part of my life”也是提示。故選A。
√
9．A.critical B．amused
C．appreciative D．eager
解析：前文講班上的一些孩子問作者是否會說中文，結合后文“to hear me say something in Chinese”可知，說明其他孩子渴望聽到作者用中文說話。be eager to do sth.“渴望做某事”。故選D。
√
10．A.tradition B．comment
C．language D．reply
解析：根據前文“Chinese”和后文“that came from China”可知，作者認為中文只是來自中國的陌生語言。故選C。
√
11．A.wrote down B．thought about
C．talked about D．forgot about
解析：結合后文作者意識到自己的不同可知，作者回家后一直在思考那天發生的事情。write down“寫下”；think about“思考”； talk about “談論”； forget about “忘記”。故選B。
√
12．A.out B．up
C．next D．there
解析：此處指in the mirror, 應用there。
√
13．A.remain B．seem
C．act D．show
解析：結合上下文語境可知，經過了在學校給其他孩子說中文這件事，作者覺得似乎(seem)自己有一些不一樣了。故選B。
√
14．A.family B．class
C．team D．country
解析：根據第二段中“Some kids in my class”可知，作者與班上(class)的其他孩子不一樣。故選B。
√
15．A.different B．interesting
C．worthy D．valuable
解析：根據上文“For the first time, I felt different from the others in my”可知，作者發現了生活中不同的一部分。故選A。
√
16．A.preserving B．expecting
C．living D．reporting
解析：結合上文“That day I discovered a part of my life”可知，作者發現了與現在過著的生活所不同的一部分。故選C。
√
17．A.duties B．spots
C．concepts D．roots
解析：結合后文“with our own beliefs, opinions, traditions and lifestyles”可知，作者意識到每個人要記住自己的根，有自己的信仰、觀點、傳統和生活方式。故選D。
√
18．A.nobody B．nothing
C．everyone D．everything
解析：根據后文“with our own beliefs, opinions, traditions and lifestyles”可知，作者認識到每個人(everyone)都是不同的。故選C。
√
19．A.lead to B．stick to
C．devote to D．refer to
解析：結合后文“respect for one another”可知，認可這些差異應該會促進彼此的尊重。故選A。
Ⅲ.語法填空
The tea that has delighted and fascinated the world for thousands of years has finally received the top-level global 1 (recognize) as a shared cultural treasure of mankind. Traditional tea processing techniques and their associated social practices in China 2 (add) to UNESCO's (聯合國教科文組織) Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (非物質文化遺產) of Humanity in November, 2022.
The status was given by the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, 3 (host) in Rabat, Morocco. It consists 4 knowledge, skills and practices concerning management of tea plantations, picking of tea leaves, and the processing, drinking and sharing of tea.
According to UNESCO, in China, traditional tea processing techniques are closely associated with geography location and natural environment, 5 (result) in a distribution range between 18°N－37°N and 94°E－122°E.
The techniques are found in many parts in China. Over 2,000 tea varieties, 6 (main) in six categories — green, black, yellow, oolong, white and dark — are grown in China.
As 7 document from the Ministry of Culture and Tourism to UNESCO explains, tea is common in Chinese people's daily life. Usually practices of greeting guests with tea and building good relationships with them through tea-related activities are shared among multiple ethnic groups. They provide a sense of identity and continuity for communities, groups and 8 (individual) concerned, the document points out.
In China, 44 9 (register) national-level intangible cultural heritage entries are related to tea. There are over 40 vocational colleges and 80 universities in China 10 have set up majors in tea science or tea culture.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要報道了中國傳統茶葉加工技術及其社會實踐被列入聯合國教科文組織《人類非物質文化遺產代表作名錄》。
1．recognition　考查名詞。此處作received的賓語，應用名詞recognition“認可”。故填recognition。
2．were added　考查時態、語態與主謂一致。根據in November, 2022可知，應用一般過去時； 主語Traditional tea processing techniques and their associated social practices 與add是邏輯上的動賓關系，應用被動語態； 主語是復數，be動詞使用were。故填were added。
3．hosted　考查非謂語動詞。句中已有謂語動詞was given，故空處應用非謂語動詞； host與其主語之間是邏輯上的動賓關系，應用過去分詞。故填hosted。
4．of　考查介詞。固定搭配consist of“包括”。故填of。
5．resulting　考查非謂語動詞。此處表示一種自然產生的結果，應用現在分詞作結果狀語。故填resulting。
6．mainly　考查副詞。此處修飾介詞短語，應用副詞。故填mainly。
7．a　考查冠詞。此處泛指“一個文件”， document是以輔音音素開頭的詞，應用不定冠詞a。故填a。
8．individuals　考查名詞復數。此處與communities和groups作for的并列賓語，應用復數形式。故填individuals。
9．registered　考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，此處作非謂語動詞，表示“被注冊”，故應用過去分詞作定語。
10．that/which　考查定語從句。此處是限制性定語從句，先行詞是over 40 vocational colleges and 80 universities，指物，關系詞在從句中作主語，故填that或which。Section Ⅳ　Discovering Useful Structures
　　　(語法項目——過去分詞作定語和賓語補足語)
Peter once hated cycling and his abandoned① bicycle was in the corner of his room. Later his father invited a retired② bike instructor to give him some instructions. In order to make himself understood③ by Peter, the coach repeated again and again, requiring him to practise every day. He must finish the task in the time given④. The method adopted by his coach⑤ was very scientific and he made rapid progress. In a cycle race he
took part in, the cyclists involved⑥ all longed to win medals. During the match, the audience beside the road waved at him and he was proud of himself. Finally, Peter won a gold medal.
[語法入門]
①②為過去分詞作前置定語；
③為過去分詞作賓語補足語；
④⑥為過去分詞作后置定語；
⑤為過去分詞短語作后置定語。
規則動詞的過去分詞由動詞原形加 ed構成。不規則動詞的過去分詞沒有統一的構成規則。過去分詞一般表示完成的和被動的動作，在句子中不能單獨構成謂語，可以用作定語、賓語補足語、表語和狀語。
一、過去分詞作定語　
　　[先感知]
①The results indicated that something produced by the mould (霉菌) had killed the bacteria.
②As Louis Pasteur said，“Fortune favours the prepared mind.”
③There are few tigers left.It is time for the departments concerned to take measures to protect them from dying out.
④Is there anything unsolved
⑤The risen sun is shining brightly at noon.
[會發現]
(1)句①中的加黑部分為過去分詞短語，在句中作__________定語；句②中的加黑部分為單個過去分詞，在句中作__________定語；句③中的left和concerned及句④中的unsolved則是單個過去分詞作后置定語。
(2)及物動詞(短語)作定語，一般表示被動和完成；不及物動詞作定語，如句⑤中的加黑部分只表示______________。
[明規則]
1．一般情況下，單個過去分詞作定語，通常放在所修飾詞之前。
(1)有些過去分詞表示特定含義時，單獨作定語也放在所修飾的名詞之后，如left(剩余的), given(所給的), concerned (有關的)等。
(2)如果被修飾的詞是由every/some/any/no與thing/body/one所構成的復合代詞或指示代詞those等，單個過去分詞放在被修飾詞的后面。
2．過去分詞短語作定語時往往后置，通常放在所修飾詞之后，它的作用相當于一個定語從句。
3．及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，在語態上表示被動；在時間上，常表示動作已經發生或完成。不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，不表示被動意義，只強調動作已完成?！　　　　?br/>[名師點津]　過去分詞(done)、現在分詞的被動語態(being done)與動詞不定式的被動語態(to be done)作定語的區別：
　　　意義 形式　　　 語態 時態
done 被動 完成
being done 被動 進行
to be done 被動 尚未發生
　　[對點練]
(1)用所給詞的適當形式填空
①(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Two years later, a six meter tall pavilion, __________ (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace.
②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Shanghai may be the ____________ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao's birthplace.
③(2023·全國甲卷)Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message __________ (intend) for everyone.
④(2022·全國乙卷)It can help to build a community with a __________ (share) future for mankind.
⑤There are still many problems ____________ (solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.
⑥The cars ______________ (sell) at the market now are made in Guangzhou.
(2)同義句轉換
⑦He is a teacher who is loved by his students.(改為過去分詞短語作后置定語)
→He is a teacher _________________________________________________________.
二、過去分詞作賓語補足語　
[先感知]
①He got up late and hurried to his office, leaving the breakfast untouched.
②Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.
③While they were on holiday, they had their house broken into.
④They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English.
⑤The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already laid for a meal to be cooked.
[會發現]
以上結構中，過去分詞在句中作賓語補足語，補充說明賓語________________________。
[明規則]
過去分詞(短語)作賓語補足語，用于“主語＋謂語＋賓語＋賓語補足語”句式，說明賓語的性質或狀態，構成過去分詞的動詞與賓語之間為邏輯上的動賓關系。過去分詞作賓語補足語的情況通常有以下幾種：
1．過去分詞用在表示某種狀態的keep, leave等詞的后面作賓語補足語。
2．過去分詞用在使役動詞have/get和make的后面作賓語補足語。
(1)“have/get＋賓語＋過去分詞”可以表示兩種含義：“讓別人做某事”或“遭遇到某種不幸”。
(2)在“make＋賓語＋過去分詞”這種結構中，過去分詞表示結果。
3．感官動詞see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find等后，可用過去分詞作賓語補足語。
4．表示“意愿；命令”的動詞，如like, want, wish, expect, order等可用過去分詞作賓語補足語。
5．用在“with＋賓語＋賓語補足語”這一結構中，過去分詞與賓語之間是動賓關系。　　　　　 [名師點津]　過去分詞、現在分詞和動詞不定式作賓語補足語的區別：
形式 賓語和構成賓補的動詞之間的關系 意義
過去分詞作賓補 邏輯上的動賓關系 表示被動、完成的動作
現在分詞作賓補 邏輯上的主謂關系 表示主動、正在進行的動作
動詞不定式作賓補(感官動詞 hear, see, notice 等可接省略to 的不定式) 邏輯上的主謂關系 表示主動動作發生的全過程
　　[對點練]　(用所給詞的適當形式填空)
①(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Each town has its own traditional dish, and every family keeps a recipe __________ (pass) from one generation to another.
②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)There, you'll find them __________ (prepare) differently — more dumpling and less soup.
③(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)But that's how nature is — always leaving us ________________ (astonish)．
④Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car __________ (wash)．
⑤With the problem __________ (solve), the quality has been improved.
⑥They knew her very well. They had seen her __________ (grow) up from childhood.
⑦The missing boy was last seen __________ (play) near the river.
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1．The USA is a __________ (shorten) name for the United States of America.
2．The bridge __________ (build) last year is reported to have fallen in the floods last week.
3．I have never visited the small village ______(locate) on the other side of this river.
4．The origin of facial make up ________ (use) in Peking Opera can be traced back to the Southern and Northern Dynasties Period.
5．Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people __________ (trap) in powerless high rise buildings.
6．I just couldn't make myself __________(understand) while talking to a foreigner.
7．One who reads it is capable of seeing the beauty __________ (hide) from his eyes.
8．People in the south have their houses ______________ (make) of bamboo.
9．When he woke up, he found himself ______________ (tie) to bed and unable to move.
10．The steward was surprised to find his room thoroughly cleaned and everything ________(arrange) in perfect order.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．The rescue team ______________________ has been sent to the disaster area.
由5位醫生和7名護士組成的救援隊已被派往災區。
2．The children ________________________ were rescued successfully by firefighters.
那些困在起火大樓里的孩子被消防員成功救出來了。
3．Tsinghua University, __________________， is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
清華大學，創辦于1911年，是許多杰出人物的搖籃。
4．The theatre ________________ has become a well known tourist attraction.
這座建于300年前的劇院已成為著名的旅游景點。
5．With the Spring Festival approaching, I bought a toy ______________________for my child.
隨著春節的臨近，我給孩子買了一個裝飾著彩燈的玩具。
6．The teacher spoke louder to ________________________， but he failed.
為了讓自己說話能被聽到，老師說得更大聲了點，但是未能奏效。
7．Her husband rushed home, only to ________________________.
她丈夫急匆匆趕回家，結果發現門已經被鎖了。
8．________________________ around water, Guilin is one of the most popular tourist destinations in China.
桂林是中國最受歡迎的旅游目的地之一，整個城市圍繞著水而建。
9．As he was pushing his bicycle across the track, he was surprised to ________________________________________________________________________.
當他正推著他的自行車跨過這條小道時，他吃驚地聽到有人叫他的名字。
10．When I came into the classroom this morning, I __________________________ in a novel.
今天早上當我進教室的時候，我發現他正埋頭讀一本小說。
Section Ⅳ
學案中理清
一、[會發現]　(1)后置　前置　(2)動作的完成
[對點練]?、賗nspired?、趓ecognized　③intended　④shared?、輙o be solved?、辀eing sold　⑦loved by his students
二、[會發現]　所發生的動作或存在的狀態
[對點練]?、賞assed?、趐repared?、踑stonished?、躻ashed?、輘olved?、辡row?、遬laying
應用中融通
Ⅰ.1.shortened　2.built　3.located　4.used　5.trapped
6．understood　7.hidden　8.made　9.tied　10.arranged
Ⅱ.1.made up of five doctors and seven nurses
2．trapped in the burning building　3.founded in 1911
4．built 300 years ago 　5.decorated with colorful lights
6．make himself heard　7.find the door locked
8．With the whole city built　9.hear his name called
10．found him buried
1UNIT 4　課時檢測(四)　Discovering Useful Structures
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
In the name of social distancing, this year's graduation ceremonies have become different. However, one tradition has continued to exist — the square graduation cap, commonly known as a mortarboard hat.
European scholars (學者) have been wearing caps since the first universities were started in the 11th century, but their early caps looked more like Amelia Earhart's pilot cap than the square caps we know today. Early scholars first used the pileus (傘狀帽). By the 14th century, pileus caps were becoming taller, similar to a modern chef's hat but shorter. This style, the “pileus rotundus”， was used mainly by university students studying law, medicine, and science.
By the middle of the 16th century, a new cap style made_waves in universities: the “pileus quadratus”， a soft, square cap that required less material to make. Soon the two styles, round and square, became symbols of different statuses. One century later at the University of Oxford, under graduates wore the older, rounded caps, while those with higher degrees were allowed to wear the pileus quadratus.
The first American colleges were started in the mid 1600s, and their class structures and degree requirements followed famous English universities. And European scholarly traditions were kept — including ideas of proper academic dress. Today, American graduates in law, medicine, and philosophy still wear rounded caps, but undergraduates always use the square cap.
Although the square hat has a centuries old history, new cap traditions are popping up across the US. About 100 years ago, students began moving their tassels (流蘇) from the right side of their cap to the left. To this day there are no formal rules on where the tassel should be placed, but the act of moving it from one side to the other has been widely popular.
While the ways in which we observe graduation may change, the four cornered black hat will likely remain a sort of culture for academic achievements — a symbol of celebration with roots going back to medieval Europe.
1．What can be known about the “pileus rotundus”？
A．It is widely used by chefs today.
B．It appeared earlier than the pileus.
C．It was invented by an American scholar.
D．It was worn by part of the college students.
2．What does the underlined phrase “made waves” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Drew a lot of attention.
B．Played a leading role.
C．Lost some support.
D．Caused trouble.
3．What does the author want to show by introducing tassels on the caps
A．Tassels are important to the caps.
B．Formal rules are necessary for the caps.
C．New cap traditions have appeared in American colleges.
D．College students can design different kinds of caps now.
4．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A．The development of different caps in people's daily life
B．An unusual teaching method in American universities
C．The history of graduates' caps in Europe andAmerica
D．Special graduation ceremonies for college students
Ⅱ.完形填空
Born in the United States, I, with black hair and yellow skin, am an American. Yes, I am a US citizen. Yet I __5__ early in my childhood that I was very different.
It wasn't until __6__ to the early years of primary school that I noticed this difference. Some kids in my class asked me__7__ I could speak Chinese. It seemed strange to me that they would be interested in this part of my __8__. I answered “yes” and expected them to say nothing else about it.
To my surprise, they were __9__ to hear me say something in Chinese. When I did so, they said, “Wow, that's cool！” I had always thought of it as just a strange __10__ that came from China.
I __11__ what had happened that day when I got home. I went into the bathroom to wash my hands as I usually did. I looked myself in the mirror — the same face was __12__ from that morning, but it didn't __13__ the same to me. For the first time, I felt different from the others in my __14__.
That day I discovered a part of my life that was __15__ — in culture and tradition — from the one I was __16__.
Now I know that we must all remember our __17__， but we must also continue to explore, realizing that __18__ is different, with our own beliefs, opinions, traditions and lifestyles. Recognizing these differences should __19__ respect for one another.
5.A.deserved B．discovered
C．unpressed D．proved
6．A.one moment B．one evening
C．one day D．one year
7．A.why B．how
C．when D．if
8．A.life B．manuscript
C．secret D．program　　
9.A.critical B．amused
C．appreciative D．eager
10．A.tradition B．comment
C．language D．reply
11．A.wrote down B．thought about
C．talked about D．forgot about
12．A.out B．up
C．next D．there
13．A.remain B．seem
C．act D．show
14．A.family B．class
C．team D．country
15．A.different B．interesting
C．worthy D．valuable
16．A.preserving B．expecting
C．living D．reporting
17．A.duties B．spots
C．concepts D．roots
18．A.nobody B．nothing
C．everyone D．everything
19．A.lead to B．stick to
C．devote to D．refer to
Ⅲ.語法填空
The tea that has delighted and fascinated the world for thousands of years has finally received the top level global __1__ (recognize) as a shared cultural treasure of mankind. Traditional tea processing techniques and their associated social practices in China __2__ (add) to UNESCO's (聯合國教科文組織) Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (非物質文化遺產) of Humanity in November, 2022.
The status was given by the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, __3__ (host) in Rabat, Morocco. It consists __4__ knowledge, skills and practices concerning management of tea plantations, picking of tea leaves, and the processing, drinking and sharing of tea.
According to UNESCO, in China, traditional tea processing techniques are closely associated with geography location and natural environment, __5__ (result) in a distribution range between 18°N－37°N and 94°E－122°E.
The techniques are found in many parts in China. Over 2,000 tea varieties, __6__ (main) in six categories — green, black, yellow, oolong, white and dark — are grown in China.
As __7__ document from the Ministry of Culture and Tourism to UNESCO explains, tea is common in Chinese people's daily life. Usually practices of greeting guests with tea and building good relationships with them through tea related activities are shared among multiple ethnic groups. They provide a sense of identity and continuity for communities, groups and __8__ (individual) concerned, the document points out.
In China, 44 __9__ (register) national level intangible cultural heritage entries are related to tea. There are over 40 vocational colleges and 80 universities in China __10__ have set up majors in tea science or tea culture.
UNIT 4　課時檢測(四)
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了歐洲和美國畢業帽的歷史。
1．選D　細節理解題。根據第二段的“By the 14th century, pileus caps were becoming taller, ... by university students studying law, medicine, and science.”可知，當時“傘形圓帽”主要被學習法律、醫學和科學的大學生使用，即一部分大學生戴“傘形圓帽”。
2．選A　詞義猜測題。根據第三段的“Soon the two styles, round and square, became symbols of different statuses.”可知，pileus quadratus的兩種風格成了不同地位的象征。由此推知，它們引起了大學生的大量關注，開始流行起來。由此猜測，畫線部分made waves意為“引起大量關注”。
3．選C　推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段的“Although the square hat has a centuriesold history, new cap traditions are popping up across the US.”可推知，下文提到帽子上流蘇位置的變化是為了說明新的帽子傳統正在美國的大學出現。
4．選C　標題歸納題。文章第一段提出雖然畢業典禮變得不同了，但有一個傳統是沒變的——方形畢業帽；第二、三段介紹歐洲畢業帽的歷史；第四、五段介紹美國畢業帽的歷史；最后一段進行總結。由此可知，文章主要介紹了歐洲和美國畢業帽的歷史。
Ⅱ.完形填空
語篇解讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。身為美籍華人的作者在上小學時，某一天給班上的其他孩子講中文，從而第一次認識到自己和班上的其他人不一樣，發現了生活中不同的部分。作者認識到認可這些差異應該會促進彼此尊重。
5．選B　作者是生活在美國的美籍華人，很早便發現了自己與其他同學有很大的不同。倒數第二段中“I discovered a part of my life”也是提示。故選B。
6．選C　根據后文“in the early years of primary school”可知，是指作者上小學的某一天，應用one day。故選C。
7．選D　此處為賓語從句。從句中不缺少成分，表示“是否”應用if。故選D。
8．選A　作者作為美籍華人能夠說中文，這屬于他生活中的一部分。倒數第二段中“I discovered a part of my life”也是提示。故選A。
9．選D　前文講班上的一些孩子問作者是否會說中文，結合后文“to hear me say something in Chinese”可知，說明其他孩子渴望聽到作者用中文說話。be eager to do sth.“渴望做某事”。故選D。
10．選C　根據前文“Chinese”和后文“that came from China”可知，作者認為中文只是來自中國的陌生語言。故選C。
11．選B　結合后文作者意識到自己的不同可知，作者回家后一直在思考那天發生的事情。write down“寫下”；think about“思考”； talk about “談論”； forget about “忘記”。故選B。
12．選D　此處指in the mirror, 應用there。
13．選B　結合上下文語境可知，經過了在學校給其他孩子說中文這件事，作者覺得似乎(seem)自己有一些不一樣了。故選B。
14．選B　根據第二段中“Some kids in my class”可知，作者與班上(class)的其他孩子不一樣。故選B。
15．選A　根據上文“For the first time, I felt different from the others in my”可知，作者發現了生活中不同的一部分。故選A。
16．選C　結合上文“That day I discovered a part of my life”可知，作者發現了與現在過著的生活所不同的一部分。故選C。
17．選D　結合后文“with our own beliefs, opinions, traditions and lifestyles”可知，作者意識到每個人要記住自己的根，有自己的信仰、觀點、傳統和生活方式。故選D。
18．選C　根據后文“with our own beliefs, opinions, traditions and lifestyles”可知，作者認識到每個人(everyone)都是不同的。故選C。
19．選A　結合后文“respect for one another”可知，認可這些差異應該會促進彼此的尊重。故選A。
Ⅲ.語法填空
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要報道了中國傳統茶葉加工技術及其社會實踐被列入聯合國教科文組織《人類非物質文化遺產代表作名錄》。
1．recognition　考查名詞。此處作received的賓語，應用名詞recognition“認可”。故填recognition。
2．were added　考查時態、語態與主謂一致。根據in November, 2022可知，應用一般過去時； 主語Traditional tea processing techniques and their associated social practices 與add是邏輯上的動賓關系，應用被動語態； 主語是復數，be動詞使用were。故填were added。
3．hosted　考查非謂語動詞。句中已有謂語動詞was given，故空處應用非謂語動詞； host與其主語之間是邏輯上的動賓關系，應用過去分詞。故填hosted。
4．of　考查介詞。固定搭配consist of“包括”。故填of。
5．resulting　考查非謂語動詞。此處表示一種自然產生的結果，應用現在分詞作結果狀語。故填resulting。
6．mainly　考查副詞。此處修飾介詞短語，應用副詞。故填mainly。
7．a　考查冠詞。此處泛指“一個文件”， document是以輔音音素開頭的詞，應用不定冠詞a。故填a。
8．individuals　考查名詞復數。此處與communities和groups作for的并列賓語，應用復數形式。故填individuals。
9．registered　考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，此處作非謂語動詞，表示“被注冊”，故應用過去分詞作定語。
10．that/which　考查定語從句。此處是限制性定語從句，先行詞是over 40 vocational colleges and 80 universities，指物，關系詞在從句中作主語，故填that或which。
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