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01-2025全國(guó)一卷，A
The greening of planes, trains and automobiles
Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2 emissions(排放). As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation—which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. Here's the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport.
　　The fuels for transport need to be not just green, cheap and powerful, but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around. Each mode of transport has its specific fuel needs. Much is still to be settled, but here are some of the solutions to get us going green.
This energy transition(變革) is global, and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is “a little bit mind-blowing,” says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. It's estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050. Fortunately, analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task. “We need to speed up the development of green energy, and it will all get used,” says Wipke.
1. What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018
A. 11.6%.　　B. 45.1%.　　C. 74.5%.　　D. 86.1%.
2. Which mode of transport can go green comparatively easily
A. Planes.　　B. Trucks.　　C. Trains.　　D. Ships.
3. What does Wipke suggest regarding energy transition
A. Limiting fuel consumption.　　B. Putting more effort into renewables.
C. Improving energy efficiency.　　D. Making electricity more affordable.
答案　
語(yǔ)篇解讀　本文是應(yīng)用文,主要介紹了飛機(jī)、火車、汽車等交通方式實(shí)現(xiàn)綠色化的途徑,呼吁人們?cè)诳稍偕Y源上投入更多精力。
1. C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章第一個(gè)圖可知,公路(客運(yùn))排放占比為45.1%,公路(貨運(yùn))排放占比為29.4%,所以公路車輛排放的總占比為這二者之和,即45.1%+29.4%=74.5%,故選C。
2. C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第一個(gè)圖中提到火車的溫室氣體排放占比僅為1%,相對(duì)其他運(yùn)輸方式占比極低,且第二個(gè)圖中提到火車實(shí)現(xiàn)綠色化的途徑是用電驅(qū)動(dòng),一些火車已經(jīng)通過(guò)鐵軌或電線實(shí)現(xiàn)了電動(dòng)化,其他火車也可以用相當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)單的方式實(shí)現(xiàn)電動(dòng)化,所以火車能相對(duì)更容易地實(shí)現(xiàn)綠色化,故選C。飛機(jī)的綠化途徑中提到“The hardest sector to decarbonize is aviation.(最難實(shí)現(xiàn)脫碳的領(lǐng)域是航空)”,所以A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;卡車的綠色燃料制造成本比較高,B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;船舶的綠色燃料難以點(diǎn)燃,需要重新設(shè)計(jì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī),D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。
3. B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中Keith Wipke的話“the amount of renewable energy the world will need is ‘a(chǎn) little bit mind-blowing,’”和“We need to speed up the development of green energy”可知,世界所需的可再生能源數(shù)量“有點(diǎn)驚人”,我們需要加快綠色能源的發(fā)展,所以我們要在可再生能源上投入更多的精力,故選B。
02-2025全國(guó)一，B
In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A's, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who'd created these people, knew their subjects so well.
But things were different for their first essay, which was about the question:“Why is writing important ” Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis(論點(diǎn)) statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn't strike them as important. This would have to change.
As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice. This time they found the exercise much more interesting. For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre(體裁) and that it contain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories,10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.
I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing's most powerful significance—the ability to connect people, to put us in another's skin, to teach us what it means to be human.
1. Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1
A. Ninth graders.　　B. Students' parents.
C. Modern writers.　　D. Fictional characters.
2. Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay
A. They were not given enough time.　　B. They had a very limited vocabulary.
C. They misunderstood the question.　　D. They had little interest in the topic.
3. What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Mixed.　　B. Amazing.　　C. Similar.　　D. Disturbing.
4. What does the author's experience show
A. Teaching is learning.　　B. Still waters run deep.
C. Knowledge is power.　　D. Practice makes perfect.
答案　
語(yǔ)篇解讀　本文是記敘文,主要通過(guò)敘述作者在九年級(jí)寫(xiě)作課上的一系列教學(xué)經(jīng)歷,包括學(xué)生在不同寫(xiě)作任務(wù)中的表現(xiàn)、作者的教學(xué)調(diào)整以及最終的感悟,強(qiáng)調(diào)了教師在教學(xué)過(guò)程中對(duì)學(xué)生寫(xiě)作興趣的激發(fā)以及教學(xué)相長(zhǎng)。
1. D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第一段提到“a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A's, and a modern-day Juliet...”,這些都是學(xué)生在寫(xiě)作課上創(chuàng)作出來(lái)的人物,屬于虛構(gòu)角色(Fictional characters)。故選D。
2. D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞first essay可定位到文章第二段。根據(jù)第二段中的“Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn't strike them as important.”并結(jié)合第三段中的“I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice. This time they found the exercise much more interesting.”可知,學(xué)生第一次作文寫(xiě)得不好是因?yàn)閷?duì)“寫(xiě)作為什么重要”這個(gè)話題沒(méi)興趣。故選D。
3. B　詞義猜測(cè)題。第三段中畫(huà)線詞后的“The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.(學(xué)生們選擇了不同的主題,提交了10到20頁(yè)的故事,其中的人物開(kāi)闊了我的視野,觸動(dòng)了我的心靈)”說(shuō)明學(xué)生這次寫(xiě)作成果很好,和第一次寫(xiě)作的情況反差很大,由此可以推測(cè)出staggering在這里的意思是“令人驚嘆的(amazing)”。故選B。
4. A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文可知,作者通過(guò)分享自己在寫(xiě)作課上的教學(xué)經(jīng)歷和感悟,旨在探討如何在教育中更好地激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣,挖掘?qū)W生的潛力,讓學(xué)生認(rèn)識(shí)到寫(xiě)作的多元價(jià)值。同時(shí),也希望引發(fā)教育者對(duì)教學(xué)方法和教育本質(zhì)的思考,強(qiáng)調(diào)教學(xué)相長(zhǎng)(Teaching is learning.)在教育過(guò)程中的重要性。故選A。
03-2025全國(guó)一，C
While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian(行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there's too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead.
Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Br mmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new book Movement:How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives.
Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor(市長(zhǎng)) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well.
Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world.
We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can't move safely around our communities The authors of Movement have it right: it's time to think differently about that street outside your front door.
1. What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1
A. Cars often get stuck on the road.　　B. Traffic accidents occur frequently.
C. People walk less and drive more.　　D. Pedestrians fail to follow the rules.
2. What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do
A. Keep their cities livable.　　B. Promote cultural diversity.
C. Help the needy families.　　D. Make expressways accessible.
3. What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s
A. They boosted the sales of cars.　　B. They turned out largely ineffective.
C. They won government support.　　D. They advocated building new parks.
4. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Why the Rush 　　B. What's Next
C. Where to Stay 　　D. Who to Blame
答案　
語(yǔ)篇解讀　本文是說(shuō)明文,主要介紹了近年來(lái)雖然道路安全得到改善,但是行人的出行能力在下降,尤其是孩子們沒(méi)有安全的出行環(huán)境。荷蘭作家的新書(shū)Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives指出是時(shí)候重新考慮道路問(wèn)題了。
1. C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Many parents say there's too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead.”可知,因路上車輛太多,人們選擇少走路,多開(kāi)車。故選C。
2. A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第四句至第六句可知,加拿大記者和其他運(yùn)動(dòng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者發(fā)起運(yùn)動(dòng)是為了呼吁當(dāng)?shù)毓賳T讓城市成為適合居住的地方,而不僅僅是人們匆匆路過(guò)的地方,也就是要保持城市的特色和宜居性。 故選 A。
3. B　推理判斷題。作者在第三段提到澳大利亞也發(fā)起了類似的運(yùn)動(dòng)。再根據(jù)第四段第一、二句“Although these campaigns were widespread...The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly.”可知,盡管有這些運(yùn)動(dòng),但是大多數(shù)西方城市還是圍繞汽車的需求進(jìn)行了徹底的重新設(shè)計(jì),路上的汽車數(shù)量猛增。聯(lián)系上文這些運(yùn)動(dòng)的目的(保留城市的特色和宜居性,反對(duì)城市為了滿足汽車需求而進(jìn)行大規(guī)模的重新設(shè)計(jì))可知,這些運(yùn)動(dòng)基本上是無(wú)效的。故選B。
易錯(cuò)警示　有的同學(xué)容易因曲解原文意思而誤選A項(xiàng)。第四段指出汽車數(shù)量上升,但并沒(méi)有說(shuō)是那些運(yùn)動(dòng)提高了汽車的銷量。因此A項(xiàng)不正確。
4. A　主旨要義題,考查最佳標(biāo)題。文章開(kāi)篇指出城市道路設(shè)計(jì)讓孩子難以安全行走,人們更多選擇開(kāi)車,很多人在道路上只是匆匆而過(guò)。接著提到西方城市大多圍繞汽車需求重新設(shè)計(jì),但卻忽略了孩子不能安全出行等社會(huì)代價(jià)。“Why the Rush ”這個(gè)標(biāo)題很好地概括了文章主旨,它引發(fā)人們對(duì)當(dāng)下城市道路設(shè)計(jì)以及這種設(shè)計(jì)帶來(lái)的生活方式(匆匆忙忙趕路)的思考,與作者對(duì)重新思考道路問(wèn)題的呼吁相契合。
熟詞生義　champion 熟義:n.冠軍;優(yōu)勝者　生義:v.為……而斗爭(zhēng);捍衛(wèi)
04-2025全國(guó)一，D
Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth—they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans.
Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap(水龍頭): boiling and filtering(過(guò)濾) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes—then filtering it after it cools—could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics.
Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate(碳酸鈣) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn't include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types—polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene—and they didn't study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride.
Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure—a task that's becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.
Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are—but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.”
1. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph
A. By quoting an expert.　　B. By defining a concept.
C. By giving examples.　　D. By providing statistics.
2. What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water
A. The hardness of water.　　B. The length of cooling time.
C. The frequency of filtering.　　D. The type of plastic in water.
3. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4
A. The importance of plastic recycling.　　
B. The severity of the microplastic problem.
C. The danger in overusing pure water.　　
D. The difficulty in treating polluted water.
4. What is Gauchotte-Lindsay's suggestion about
A. Choice of new research methods.　　B. Possible direction for further study.
C. Need to involve more researchers.　　D. Potential application of the findings.
答案　
語(yǔ)篇解讀　本文是說(shuō)明文,主要介紹了微塑料污染遍及全球,中國(guó)科研人員的新研究表明:煮沸并過(guò)濾含足夠碳酸鈣的自來(lái)水可大幅減少微塑料,或?yàn)榻鉀Q微塑料問(wèn)題提供路徑。
1. C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans.”可知,第一段說(shuō)明了微塑料存在的不同位置:深海、喜馬拉雅山脈、火山巖、海鳥(niǎo)的胃、南極的雪甚至人體內(nèi),這些都是具體的例子(examples)。故選C。
2. A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent.”可知,碳酸鈣含量決定了捕捉微塑料的效果,而碳酸鈣含量是衡量水硬度的關(guān)鍵指標(biāo)。含300毫克碳酸鈣的硬水去除率較高。因此,水的硬度(The hardness of water)是關(guān)鍵因素。故選A。
3. B　推理判斷題。第四段中“Even bottled water...contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.”通過(guò)瓶裝水中微塑料含量遠(yuǎn)超設(shè)想這一事實(shí),強(qiáng)調(diào)微塑料污染問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重性——即使是被認(rèn)為更安全的瓶裝水也深受其害,說(shuō)明問(wèn)題已廣泛存在于各類水源中。故選B。
4. D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段Gauchotte-Lindsay 的話“The way...was nice”和“We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.”可知,她建議將研究發(fā)現(xiàn)應(yīng)用于升級(jí)飲用水處理廠的實(shí)際操作中。由此可推知,這是對(duì)研究成果潛在應(yīng)用(Potential application)的建議。故選D。
05-2025全國(guó)二，A
English Market Towns to Visit in the UK
English market towns come in many shapes and sizes. Each has a personality shaped by the goods and services produced and traded for centuries. But each town has more to do than shop.
Hereford, Herefordshire
Hereford has remained a lively market town since 1189. Skirting the town square, you'll find lovely shops, eateries, and the Black and White House Museum. The Hereford Cathedral is the most impressive building in town. It's also home to an ancient library. One of the four original copies of the Magna Carta is displayed there.
Ludlow, Shropshire　
Ludlow is known as the Foodie Center of England. Butcher shops, greengrocers, bakeries, and cheese shops line the town square. Bordering the square, the Ludlow Castle is a “must explore” medieval stronghold. The three-day Ludlow Food Festival is held each September.
Shrewsbury, Shropshire
Getting to Shrewsbury Town Center from London is challenging but worth the anxiety. The River Severn has a significant turn through town, almost making an island of Shrewsbury Town Center. The shape creates a perfect market where goods could be shipped and received using the river as a highway. Flowers are everywhere—hanging baskets, window boxes, and planters—just what you imagine in an attractive English market town.
Mevagissey, Cornwall
Even if you haven't been to the small fishing village Mevagissey, you've probably seen it in a movie or British TV show. The working harbor(港口) took shape in 1774. Fishermen go out to sea daily and sell their fish in harbor-side markets. Don't leave the harbor without a traditional Cornish pie. It's delicious.
1. Where can you find an original copy of the Magna Carta
A. In the Ludlow Castle.　　B. In the Foodie Center of England.
C. In the Hereford Cathedral. 　　D. In the Black and White House Museum.
2. What is a feature of Shrewsbury Town Center
A. It's situated near a big island.　　B. It's almost surrounded by water.
C. It's known for its flower festival.　　D. It's easily accessible from London.
3. What does the author suggest visitors do in Mevagissey
A. Try the Cornish pie.　　B. Watch a British TV show.
C. Go fishing in the sea.　　D. Take pictures of the harbor.
答案　
語(yǔ)篇解讀　本文是應(yīng)用文,主要介紹了英國(guó)四個(gè)著名的集鎮(zhèn)及各自的特色。
1. C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵信息an original copy of the Magna Carta可定位到第一個(gè)小標(biāo)題下最后一句。根據(jù)“One of the four original copies of the Magna Carta is displayed there.”可知,在赫里福德大教堂可以看到《大憲章》的原稿。故選C。
2. B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Shrewsbury, Shropshire部分中的“The River Severn has a significant turn through town, almost making an island of Shrewsbury Town Center.”可知,塞汶河在什魯斯伯里鎮(zhèn)中心有一個(gè)大轉(zhuǎn)彎,幾乎使鎮(zhèn)中心成為一個(gè)島嶼,這意味著它幾乎被水環(huán)繞。故選B。
3. A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Mevagissey可定位到最后一段。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二句“Don't leave the harbor without a traditional Cornish pie.”可知,作者建議去梅瓦吉西漁村的游客品嘗康沃爾餡餅。故選A。
06-2025全國(guó)二，B
Kathy Ho teaches high school inside Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford (LPCH). “Sometimes I don't like saying that I'm a teacher,” says Ho. “People get in their minds an idea of what teachers do, but that's not really what it is here.”
“Here” is room 386, where each year, about 500 LPCH patients also become students. The hospital school is free of parents, doctors, and medical procedures. It's a place of learning. About half of Ho's students stay for a week or less; others are there for more than a year. Most of Ho's students will recover, which means that preparing them to return to school is an increasingly important component of care.
Still, in room 386, academics don't come first. Physical health and mental health are the priority. “If you're scared about something and thinking only about that, there's no way you're going to be able to learn,” Ho says. “I'm a coach, an adviser, and a comforter, and that's what it means to be a hospital teacher.”
There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho's class. She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools. Some teachers don't give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead. “I feel like it is a disservice to the kids,” Ho says. “They think their teachers don't care about their schoolwork.”
Ho recognizes the psychological benefit of helping kids keep up with their peers(同齡人) outside the hospital. “I actually think the medicine is only a small piece for some problems,” says Julie Good, director of pain management services at LPCH. “It's about problem-solving around what it means to have a full life. Those kids have dreams. School can keep those dreams alive by giving kids a way to learn and grow.”
1. Who does Ho teach at LPCH
A. Sick children.　　B. Young nurses.
C. Medical students. 　　D. Patients' parents.
2. What is a characteristic of Ho's job
A. Prioritizing academics. 　　B. Encouraging innovation.
C. Treating various diseases.　　D. Playing multiple roles.
3. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4
A. Offering regular lessons.　　B. Paying extra attention.
C. Assigning no schoolwork.　　D. Showing no sympathy.
4. How does the hospital school benefit the students according to Good
A. It eases peer pressure. 　　B. It helps them live in hope.
C. It frees them from aches.　　D. It entertains them with stories.
答案　
語(yǔ)篇解讀　本文是新聞報(bào)道。文章主要講述了Lucile Packard兒童醫(yī)院(LPCH)的教師Kathy Ho為患病學(xué)生開(kāi)展教學(xué)的工作日常,呈現(xiàn)醫(yī)療場(chǎng)景中教育對(duì)學(xué)生身心健康與夢(mèng)想維系的特殊意義,展現(xiàn)社會(huì)支持系統(tǒng)對(duì)特殊群體成長(zhǎng)的關(guān)懷。
1. A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Kathy Ho teaches high school inside Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford (LPCH).”和第二段中的“‘Here’ is room 386, where each year, about 500 LPCH patients also become students.”可知,Ho的教學(xué)對(duì)象是生病的孩子。故選A。
2. D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“I'm a coach, an adviser, and a comforter, and that's what it means to be a hospital teacher.”可知,Ho 稱自己是教練、顧問(wèn)、安慰者,體現(xiàn)其工作需扮演多重角色(Playing multiple roles)。故選D。
3. C　詞義猜測(cè)題。it指代上文出現(xiàn)過(guò)的內(nèi)容。根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞后一句“They think their teachers don't care about their schoolwork.”可知,孩子們會(huì)以為老師不關(guān)心他們的學(xué)業(yè)。再結(jié)合“Some teachers don't give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead. ‘I feel like it is a disservice to the kids,’ Ho says.”可知,Ho認(rèn)為老師不給學(xué)生布置作業(yè)的做法對(duì)他們有損害。 “it”指代上文“Some teachers don't give the kids any assignments”這一行為。故選C。
4. B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“It's about problem-solving around what it means to have a full life. Those kids have dreams. School can keep those dreams alive by giving kids a way to learn and grow.”可知,Good認(rèn)為學(xué)校通過(guò)讓孩子學(xué)習(xí)成長(zhǎng)、維系夢(mèng)想,幫助其生活在希望中(live in hope)。故選B。
07-2025全國(guó)二，C
When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn't have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened:She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. In the past year, Detrinidad sent out more than 70,000 plants. Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry.
“Plants are in fashion right now,” says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher from the University of Florida. “People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating,” she says. “Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think.” Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone(激素) in our body.
“Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants,” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.”
If you're among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don't beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn't make it. “Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says.
1. How was Detrinidad's business when it started
　A. It faced tough competition.　　B. It suffered a great loss.
C. It got lots of financial support.　　D. It went surprisingly well.
2. What is one of Knuth's findings about plants
A. They appeal more to students.　　B. They purify the environment.
C. They raise the cortisol level.　　D. They enhance productivity.
3. What does Detrinidad try to explain by mentioning doctors and lawyers
A. The necessity of social skills.　　B. The meaning of sustainability.
C. The importance of repeated efforts.　　D. The value of professional opinions.
4. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Time to Replace Houseplants　　B. Plants Boost Your Mood
C. Tips on Choosing Houseplants　　D. Plants Brighten Your Home
答案　
語(yǔ)篇解讀　本文是說(shuō)明文。文章開(kāi)篇以Sonja Detrinidad在網(wǎng)上售賣(mài)室內(nèi)植物的成功為例,引出室內(nèi)植物行業(yè)的火爆現(xiàn)象,接著指出植物對(duì)人們的影響,最后鼓勵(lì)人們?cè)谙硎苤参飵?lái)身心健康益處的同時(shí),以學(xué)習(xí)的態(tài)度用耐心養(yǎng)植物。
1. D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“...She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. In the past year, Detrinidad sent out more than 70,000 plants.”可知,Detrinidad的生意在開(kāi)始的時(shí)候非常成功,與D選項(xiàng)中的went...well相符。根據(jù)第一段中的“she didn't have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened”可知,她的成功是令人意外的,與D選項(xiàng)中的surprisingly相符。
2. D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。在第二、三段中,Knuth提到室內(nèi)植物能提升人們的生活滿意度、改變?nèi)藗兊那榫w和思維方式、通過(guò)降低人體應(yīng)激激素皮質(zhì)醇的水平來(lái)改善精神狀態(tài)、使學(xué)生學(xué)業(yè)表現(xiàn)更好并使成人在工作場(chǎng)所的生產(chǎn)效率得到提升,所以植物能提高生產(chǎn)效率,D選項(xiàng)正確。
3. C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“don't beat yourself up”“an exercise in patience and learning”和“if it dies, go get another one”可知,Detrinidad認(rèn)為我們一次沒(méi)有養(yǎng)活植物無(wú)需自責(zé),因?yàn)檎疹欀参锸切枰托暮蛯W(xué)習(xí)的,如同醫(yī)生和律師都需要不斷實(shí)踐,養(yǎng)植物不可能一下子就成功,需要反復(fù)付出努力,體現(xiàn)了反復(fù)努力的重要性。故選C。
4. B　主旨要義題,考查最佳標(biāo)題。文章圍繞室內(nèi)植物能提升人們的精神狀態(tài)、帶來(lái)身心健康益處展開(kāi),B項(xiàng)(植物提升你的情緒)最能概括文章主旨。A項(xiàng)中的Replace明顯與原文不符,文章并非強(qiáng)調(diào)更換植物;C項(xiàng)是關(guān)于選擇室內(nèi)綠植的建議,在文中沒(méi)有提到;D項(xiàng)中的Brighten Your Home過(guò)于片面,比如文中還提到workplace。
08-2025全國(guó)二，D
Does your soul die a little every time you throw away unused food Mine does. Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa, where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time.
Food waste is a growing concern in the restaurant, supermarket, and supply chain industries. From technological solutions to educational campaigns, food producers and sellers are looking for ways to use more of what we're already growing. But last month, one popular New York City restaurant tried a different way:It changed its menu to exclusively(專門(mén)) offer food that would otherwise be thrown away.
For two weeks in March, Greenwich Village's Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED, and served items like fried skate cartilage, a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver's vegetable salad. Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste.
A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste for every $1,000 in revenue(收入), and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled. Up to 84.3% is simply thrown out. Restaurants like Silo in the UK have experimented with zero-waste systems, but wastED took the concept to its logical conclusion.
It should be noted that none of the items on wastED's menu was technically made from garbage. Instead, all the ingredients(配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine.
Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu. Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability, and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything.
1. What can be inferred about the author's early life
A. He witnessed food shortage.　　B. He enjoyed the local cuisine.
C. He donated food to Africans.　　D. He helped to cook at home.
2. Why did Blue Hill carry out the experiment
A. To customize dishes for guests.　　B. To make the public aware of food waste.
C. To test a food processing method.　　D. To improve the UK's zero-waste systems.
3. What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A. Why the ingredients were used.　　B. Which dishes were best liked.
C. What the dishes were made of.　　D. Where the ingredients were bought.
4. What can we learn about wastED
A. It has ended as planned.　　B. It is creating new jobs.
C. It has regained popularity.　　D. It is criticized by top chefs.
答案　
語(yǔ)篇解讀　本文是說(shuō)明文,通過(guò)介紹紐約市的一家餐廳wastED的短期實(shí)驗(yàn),引發(fā)對(duì)食物浪費(fèi)的關(guān)注。文章借助菜單內(nèi)容、行業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)和公眾反響,向讀者展示了餐飲業(yè)減少浪費(fèi)的新嘗試,傳達(dá)了可持續(xù)發(fā)展的理念。
1. A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa, where the phrase ‘there are children starving in Africa’ was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact...”可知,“非洲有孩子在挨餓”是對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的提醒而非抽象表達(dá),說(shuō)明作者確實(shí)是在食物緊張的環(huán)境中成長(zhǎng)的,由此可推斷出A項(xiàng)(他見(jiàn)證過(guò)食物短缺的情況)正確。
2. B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第三段最后一句“Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste.”說(shuō)明餐廳更改菜單的目的就是引起人們對(duì)食物浪費(fèi)的關(guān)注。故選B。
易錯(cuò)警示　“tailor-made”一詞可能誤導(dǎo)學(xué)生選A。解答本題需結(jié)合句末的 to raise awareness明確實(shí)驗(yàn)的真正目的。
技巧點(diǎn)撥　目的題常見(jiàn)定位標(biāo)志是:to do sth. / in order to / for the purpose of...,出現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞不定式即線索。特別注意不要混淆“目的與手段”,如本題中的“定制”是手段,“宣傳”是目的。
3. C　主旨要義題。第五段主要圍繞這些菜品使用了什么原料展開(kāi),并列舉了大多數(shù)餐廳不會(huì)考慮使用的食材,如kale ribs、cucumber butts等,因此第五段主要講了“這些菜品由什么制成”。故選C。
4. A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“...it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu.”可知,該項(xiàng)目原本就是短期設(shè)計(jì),目前已經(jīng)結(jié)束,餐廳恢復(fù)了正常菜單。由此可知,wastED餐廳的這次嘗試是按計(jì)劃結(jié)束的。故選A。
易錯(cuò)警示　部分學(xué)生看到enthusiastic reviews會(huì)誤以為項(xiàng)目繼續(xù)進(jìn)行或走紅,忽視了has since returned是其已結(jié)束的關(guān)鍵信號(hào)。
難句分析
Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability, and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything.
譯文　盡管如此,它提醒我們:有許多方式可以應(yīng)對(duì)可持續(xù)問(wèn)題,你可以用幾乎任何東西做出一頓美味的飯。
分析　and連接兩個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句;that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì)reminder進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明;動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語(yǔ),修飾ways。
2024
01-2024新課標(biāo)Ⅰ，A
HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM
Help restore and protect Marin’s natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We’ll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive(侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys.
GROUPS
　　Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance. Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form.
AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING
Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15.
Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed.
We’ll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.
Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch.
No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills(滿足) community service requirements.
UPCOMING EVENTS
Time Meeting Location
Sunday, Jan. 15　10:00 am-1:00 pm Battery Alexander Trailhead
Sunday, Jan. 22　10:00 am-2:30 pm Stinson Beach Parking Lot
Sunday, Jan. 29　9:30 am-2:30 pm Coyote Ridge Trailhead
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1. What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team
A. To discover mineral resources. B. To develop new wildlife parks.
C. To protect the local ecosystem. D. To conduct biological research.
2. What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team
A. 5. B. 10. C. 15. D. 18.
3. What are the volunteers expected to do
A. Bring their own tools. B. Work even in bad weather.
C. Wear a team uniform. D. Do at least three projects.
答案
語(yǔ)篇解讀　本文是應(yīng)用文,主要介紹了一個(gè)地區(qū)生物棲息地修復(fù)工作組的工作內(nèi)容和招募志愿者的要求。
1. C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題問(wèn)生物棲息地修復(fù)工作組的目標(biāo)(aim)是什么。根據(jù)第一段中的Help restore and protect Marin’s natural areas以及play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys可知,生物棲息地修復(fù)工作組的目標(biāo)是保護(hù)當(dāng)?shù)氐纳鷳B(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選C。
2. B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題問(wèn)加入生物棲息地修復(fù)工作組的最低年齡。根據(jù)AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING部分中的“Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome.”可知,10歲及以上的志愿者都可以參加,所以最低年齡是10歲。故選B。
3. B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING部分中的“We’ll be working rain or shine.”可知,無(wú)論晴天雨天,志愿者都會(huì)工作。故選B。
02-2024新課標(biāo)Ⅰ，B
“I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture(針灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians(獸醫(yī)) now practicing “holistic”medicine—combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic(按摩療法) and herbal medicine.
Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian.He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain.He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture,an ancient Chinese practice,and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.
Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.
Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.”
1. What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A. He’s odd. B. He’s strict. C. He’s brave. D. He’s rude.
2. Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets
A. He was trained in it at university. B. He was inspired by another veterinarian.
C. He benefited from it as a patient. D. He wanted to save money for pet owners.
3. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A. Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B. The complexity of veterinarians’ work.
C. Examples of rare animal diseases. D. The effectiveness of holistic medicine.
4. Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association
A. To prove Farber’s point. B. To emphasize its importance.
C. To praise veterinarians. D. To advocate animal protection.
答案
語(yǔ)篇解讀　本文是記敘文,主要介紹了獸醫(yī)William Farber將西方傳統(tǒng)療法與針灸、按摩和草藥結(jié)合,運(yùn)用整體醫(yī)學(xué)給動(dòng)物治病的故事。
1. A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Farber’s coworkers可定位到第一段第三句。根據(jù)“even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods”可知,Farber的同事有時(shí)會(huì)嘲笑他不尋常的做法。故選A。odd與unusual是同義表達(dá)。
2. C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Then he tried acupuncture...and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.”可知,他嘗試了針灸,經(jīng)過(guò)兩三次治療后他的病情好轉(zhuǎn)了。他認(rèn)為這種對(duì)他有效的治療方法也許對(duì)他的病人(寵物)也有效。所以,在學(xué)習(xí)針灸幾年后,他開(kāi)始給寵物針灸。故選C。
3. D　主旨要義題,考查段落大意。通讀第三段內(nèi)容可知,該段主要講述了小狗Charlie經(jīng)過(guò)Farber的治療后多活了五個(gè)月和馬Nappy經(jīng)過(guò)按摩后活動(dòng)更加自如的例子,以此來(lái)說(shuō)明Farber的整體療法是非常有效的(effectiveness)。故選D。
4. A　推理判斷題,考查寫(xiě)作意圖推斷。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association可定位到最后一段。冒號(hào)后的內(nèi)容是對(duì)冒號(hào)前內(nèi)容的解釋。根據(jù)冒號(hào)前面的“Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right”可知,Farber確信,隨著時(shí)間推移,整體療法會(huì)越來(lái)越受歡迎,而過(guò)去的情況顯示他可能是對(duì)的。由此可推知,作者提到the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association是為了證明Farber的觀點(diǎn)。故選A。
03-2024新課標(biāo)Ⅰ，C
Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material The answers to both questions are often “no.” The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset(心態(tài)) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.
When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text.
The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.
But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis(假說(shuō)).” According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.
Audio(音頻) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies—say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces.
Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain.
C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice.
2. What does the shallowing hypothesis assume
A. Readers treat digital texts lightly.
B. Digital texts are simpler to understand.
C. People select digital texts randomly.
D. Digital texts are suitable for social media.
3. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers
A. They can hold students’ attention. B. They are more convenient to prepare.
C. They help develop advanced skills. D. They are more informative than text.
4. What does the author imply in the last paragraph
A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques.
B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material.
C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.
D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.
答案
語(yǔ)篇解讀　本文是論說(shuō)文,主要介紹了不同閱讀媒介在理解和學(xué)習(xí)效果上的差異,并呼吁教育者在選擇教學(xué)媒介時(shí)應(yīng)充分考慮不同媒介的影響。
1. D　詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段前兩句可知,在閱讀長(zhǎng)文本時(shí),紙質(zhì)閱讀比數(shù)字閱讀效果更好,大量研究證實(shí)了這一發(fā)現(xiàn)。再結(jié)合畫(huà)線詞后面的“when experimenters move from posing simple tasks...to ones that require mental abstraction...”可知,當(dāng)實(shí)驗(yàn)者從諸如識(shí)別文章主旨的簡(jiǎn)單任務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)移到諸如從文章中得出推論的需要抽象思維的復(fù)雜任務(wù)時(shí),閱讀紙質(zhì)媒介的優(yōu)勢(shì)尤其shine through。由此可以推知,畫(huà)線詞意為“明顯”。故選D。
2. A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞shallowing hypothesis可定位到第四段。根據(jù)最后一句“According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.”可知,根據(jù)這一理論,人們以適合社交媒體的心態(tài)對(duì)待數(shù)字文本,通常并不那么認(rèn)真,且與閱讀紙質(zhì)內(nèi)容相比,腦力投入更少。因此,“淺化假說(shuō)”認(rèn)為讀者對(duì)待數(shù)字文本的態(tài)度不夠嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),故選A。not so serious與lightly是同義表達(dá)。
3. A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞audio and video和university teachers可定位到第五段。根據(jù)“Audio and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies...”可知,音頻和視頻比文本更具吸引力(engaging),也就更能夠吸引學(xué)生的注意力,所以大學(xué)老師越來(lái)越多地借助它們來(lái)開(kāi)展教學(xué)。故選A。
4. C　推理判斷題。通讀第六段內(nèi)容可知,該段就教學(xué)媒介的選擇向教育者提出建議(故排除A項(xiàng),錯(cuò)在Students):數(shù)字文本、音頻、視頻在教學(xué)中均起到重要作用,但是,為了在需要集中注意力和思考的學(xué)習(xí)上取得最好的效果,即使包含相同的內(nèi)容,教育者也不應(yīng)該認(rèn)為所有媒介都是一樣的。結(jié)合上文作者對(duì)紙質(zhì)文本效果的認(rèn)可可知,教育者在選擇教學(xué)媒介時(shí)不能忽視紙質(zhì)文本。故選C。B、D兩項(xiàng)在文中均未提及,故排除。
04-2024新課標(biāo)Ⅰ，D
In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.
“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens(標(biāo)本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable ”
Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias(使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features.
What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity
“Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places—and even species—that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1. What do we know about the records of species collected now
A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form.
C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition.
2. What does Daru’s study focus on
A. Threatened species. B. Physical specimens.
C. Observational data. D. Mobile applications.
3. What has led to the biases according to the study
A. Mistakes in data analysis. B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures.
C. Improper way of sampling. D. Unreliable data collection devices.
4. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps
A. Review data from certain areas.
B. Hire experts to check the records.
C. Confirm the identity of the users.
D. Give guidance to citizen scientists.
答案
語(yǔ)篇解讀　本文是說(shuō)明文,主要探究了生物樣本數(shù)據(jù)的可用性,指出實(shí)證研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題,并提出提高數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量的措施。
1. B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records.”可知,現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)關(guān)于生物多樣性的記錄通常是照片、視頻和其他數(shù)字記錄形式的。這些都屬于電子形式。故選B。
2. C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.”可知,Daru和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)測(cè)試的是這些數(shù)據(jù)(these data)能否很好地代表實(shí)際的全球生物多樣性模式。而these data指代第二段最后一句中的they,也就是observational data。故選C。
3. C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第二句“Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species.”和最后一句“These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features.”可知,這些數(shù)據(jù)傾向于特定的地區(qū)、時(shí)間段和物種。這說(shuō)明取樣方式有問(wèn)題,不合適的取樣方式會(huì)導(dǎo)致偏差。故選C。
4. D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞biodiversity apps可定位到最后一段。根據(jù)“Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places...that are not well-sampled...biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm...”可知,生物多樣性應(yīng)用程序可以利用Daru團(tuán)隊(duì)的研究結(jié)果告知用戶(users)過(guò)度采樣的區(qū)域,并引導(dǎo)他們?nèi)](méi)有被充分采樣的地方。生物多樣性應(yīng)用程序還可以鼓勵(lì)用戶讓專家鑒定他們所上傳的圖片。由此可推知,生物多樣性應(yīng)用程序可以利用Daru團(tuán)隊(duì)的研究結(jié)果給予用戶(users,即citizen scientists)指導(dǎo)。故選D。
05-2024新課標(biāo)Ⅱ，A
Choice of Walks for Beginner and Experienced Walkers
The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner, experienced or advanced walker to enjoy the challenges of Carlow's mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland walks.
Walk 1—The Natural World
With environmentalist anna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative tour. Walkers are sure to learn lots about the habitats and natural world of the Blackstairs.
Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 09:00
Start Point: Scratoes Bridge
Walk Duration: 6 hours
Walk 2—Introduction to Hillwalking
Emmanuel Chappard, an experienced guide, has a passion for making the great outdoors accessible to all. This mountain walk provides an insight into the skills required for hillwalking to ensure you get the most from future walking trips.
Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 09:00
Start Point: Deerpark Car Park
Walk Duration: 5 hours
Walk 3—Moonlight Under the Stars
Walking at night-time is a great way to step out of your comfort zone. Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs. A torch(手電筒) along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark. Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate.
Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 18:30
Start Point: The Town Hall
Walk Duration: 3 hours
Walk 4—Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest
This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild. Bring along your camera and enjoy the wonderful views along this well-surfaced forest path.
Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 11:45
Start Point: Kilbrannish Forest Recreation Area
Walk Duration: 1.5 hours
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1. Which walk takes the shortest time
A. The Natural World. B. Introduction to Hillwalking.
C. Moonlight Under the Stars. D. Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest.
2. What are participants in Walk 3 required to do
A. Wear proper clothes. B. Join a walking club.
C. Get special permits. D. Bring a survival guide.
3. What do the four walks have in common
A. They involve difficult climbing. B. They are for experienced walkers.
C. They share the same start point. D. They are scheduled for the weekend.
答案
語(yǔ)篇解讀　本文是應(yīng)用文,主要介紹了為徒步初學(xué)者和有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的徒步者準(zhǔn)備的四項(xiàng)徒步活動(dòng)。
1. D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞takes the shortest time可定位到四項(xiàng)徒步活動(dòng)的Walk Duration部分。根據(jù)6 hours、5 hours、3 hours和1.5 hours可知,第四項(xiàng)徒步活動(dòng)(Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest)用時(shí)最少。故選D。
2. A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Walk 3—Moonlight Under the Stars部分中的“A torch along with suitable clothing is essential”及“Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate.”可知,穿合適的衣服是必要的,衣著不當(dāng)?shù)娜瞬辉试S參加這項(xiàng)徒步活動(dòng)。故選A。
3. D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。結(jié)合全文可知,A項(xiàng)并未提及,故排除。根據(jù)文章標(biāo)題中的for Beginner and Experienced Walkers可知,這四項(xiàng)徒步活動(dòng)是為徒步初學(xué)者和有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的徒步者準(zhǔn)備的,故排除B項(xiàng)。根據(jù)四項(xiàng)徒步活動(dòng)中Start Point部分的內(nèi)容可知,四項(xiàng)徒步活動(dòng)的起點(diǎn)不同,故排除C項(xiàng)。根據(jù)四項(xiàng)徒步活動(dòng)中Date and Time部分的內(nèi)容可知,四項(xiàng)徒步活動(dòng)都安排在周末。故選D。
重點(diǎn)詞匯　duration n.持續(xù)時(shí)間,期間　suitable adj.合適的,適宜的　inappropriately adv.不適當(dāng)?shù)?不恰當(dāng)?shù)?br/>06-2024新課標(biāo)Ⅱ，B
Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read Yes, we all have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed.
Well, there's a kiosk(小亭) for that. In the San Francisco Bay Area, at least.
“You enter the fare gates(檢票口) and you'll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit—known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.”
It's that simple. Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March. Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works.
Trost also wants to introduce local writers to local riders. “We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest,” Trost says. “And as of right now, we've received about 120 submissions. The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.”
Ridership on transit(交通) systems across the country has been down the past half century, so could short stories save transit
Trost thinks so.
“At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories,” she says.
And you'll never be without something to read.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1. Why did BART start the kiosk program
A. To promote the local culture. B. To discourage phone use.
C. To meet passengers' needs. D. To reduce its running costs.
2. How are the stories categorized in the kiosk
A. By popularity. B. By length. C. By theme. D. By language.
3. What has Trost been doing recently
A. Organizing a story contest. B. Doing a survey of customers.
C. Choosing a print publisher. D. Conducting interviews with artists.
4. What is Trost's opinion about BART's future
A. It will close down. B. Its profits will decline.
C. It will expand nationwide. D. Its ridership will increase.
答案
語(yǔ)篇解讀　本文是記敘文,主要介紹了舊金山灣區(qū)快速交通系統(tǒng)(BART)的閱讀小亭項(xiàng)目,乘客們可以根據(jù)自身需求得到不同閱讀時(shí)長(zhǎng)的短篇故事來(lái)打發(fā)時(shí)間。
1. C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題問(wèn)BART開(kāi)設(shè)小亭項(xiàng)目的原因。第二段第一句“Well, there's a kiosk for that.”提示了答案。句中的that指代上文內(nèi)容。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知,BART開(kāi)設(shè)小亭項(xiàng)目是為了滿足沒(méi)有帶讀物進(jìn)火車站,但又想閱讀紙質(zhì)讀物的乘客的需求。故選C。
2. B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story”以及“You choose which length you want”可知,閱讀小亭里的故事是根據(jù)長(zhǎng)度(length)分類的。故選B。
3. A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest”以及“And as of right now, we ve received about 120 submissions.”可知,Trost正在號(hào)召舊金山灣區(qū)的藝術(shù)家們提交作品參加比賽,目前已收到約120份作品。所以,Trost最近在組織一場(chǎng)故事創(chuàng)作比賽。故選A。
4. D　推理判斷題,考查T(mén)rost對(duì)BART的未來(lái)的看法。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories”可知,Trost認(rèn)為他們會(huì)因短篇故事而得到更多乘客。由此可推知,Trost認(rèn)為BART的客流量(ridership)會(huì)增加。故選D。
重點(diǎn)詞匯　original adj.獨(dú)創(chuàng)的;起初的　submit v.提交
07-2024新課標(biāo)Ⅱ，C
We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.
BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens.
Specifically, it's a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod(容器) to get the next growth cycle started.
Moreover, having a system in the same building where it's eaten means zero emissions(排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there's no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment.
BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1. What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1
A. It guarantees the variety of food. B. It requires day-to-day care.
C. It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D. It relies on farmer's markets.
2. What information does the convenient app offer
A. Real-time weather changes. B. Current condition of the plants.
C. Chemical pollutants in the soil. D. Availability of pre-seeded pods.
3. What can be concluded about BMF employees
A. They have a great passion for sports.
B. They are devoted to community service.
C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences.
D. They have a strong environmental awareness.
4. What does the text mainly talk about
A. BMF's major strengths. B. BMF's general management.
C. BMF's global influence. D. BMF's technical standards.
答案
語(yǔ)篇解讀　本文是說(shuō)明文,主要介紹了BMF這個(gè)室內(nèi)菜園系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)及其員工的環(huán)保意識(shí)。
1. C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm(BMF) shortens it even more.”可知,句中的it指the journey,而the journey指的是上句提到的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品到達(dá)餐桌的時(shí)間和距離,由此可知BMF縮短了農(nóng)產(chǎn)品從農(nóng)場(chǎng)到餐桌的距離。故選C。
2. B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞the convenient app可定位到第三段。根據(jù)第三句“Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time.”可知,這個(gè)便捷的應(yīng)用程序提供實(shí)時(shí)的生長(zhǎng)數(shù)據(jù),即提供植物當(dāng)前的狀況。故選B。
3. D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞BMF employees可定位到最后一段。根據(jù)“About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.”可知,大約一半的BMF員工走路或騎車上班,他們鼓勵(lì)回收和減少垃圾。由此可以推斷出,他們有很強(qiáng)的環(huán)保意識(shí)。故選D。
4. A　主旨要義題,考查文章主旨。文章首段提出說(shuō)明對(duì)象:BMF;第二段介紹BMF作為室內(nèi)菜園系統(tǒng),供應(yīng)對(duì)象廣泛且供應(yīng)量穩(wěn)定;第三段介紹該系統(tǒng)依靠新技術(shù),操作很便捷;第四段介紹該系統(tǒng)環(huán)保無(wú)害;第五段介紹其員工具有很強(qiáng)的環(huán)保意識(shí)。綜上所述,本文介紹的是BMF的主要優(yōu)勢(shì)。故選A。
重點(diǎn)詞匯　 innovative adj.革新的,創(chuàng)新的　specifically adv.具體來(lái)說(shuō),確切地說(shuō)　automate v.使自動(dòng)化　sustainability n.可持續(xù)性　passionate adj.熱誠(chéng)的,狂熱的
08-2024新課標(biāo)Ⅱ，D
Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution(變革).
In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code(代碼) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now—several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.
Campbell's point is to wake up those responsible for AI—the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall.
AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1. What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A. If read by someone poorly educated. B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned.
C. If written by someone less competent. D. If translated by someone unacademic.
2. What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text
A. It is packed with complex codes. B. It adopts a down-to-earth writing style.
C. It provides step-by-step instructions. D. It is intended for AI professionals.
3. What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development
A. Observe existing regulations on it.
B. Reconsider expert opinions about it.
C. Make joint efforts to keep it under control.
D. Learn from prior experience to slow it down.
4. What is the author's purpose in writing the text
A. To recommend a book on AI. B. To give a brief account of AI history.
C. To clarify the definition of AI. D. To honor an outstanding AI expert.
答案
語(yǔ)篇解讀　 本文為說(shuō)明文,文章圍繞對(duì)AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence這本書(shū)的介紹和評(píng)價(jià)展開(kāi),探討分析了當(dāng)前AI的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)和即將到來(lái)的AI革命,呼吁人們共同面對(duì)。
1. C　詞義猜測(cè)題。畫(huà)線詞所在句中的but表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。根據(jù)后面的“more than two decades' professional experience(二十多年的專業(yè)經(jīng)驗(yàn))”“writes from the practical angle(從實(shí)用的角度來(lái)撰寫(xiě))”和“making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative(成就了一本非常易懂且提供有用信息的指南)”可知,Campbell的專業(yè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)和寫(xiě)作角度使這本書(shū)通俗易懂。據(jù)此推斷,but前的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是這本書(shū)如果由不合適的人來(lái)寫(xiě),可能會(huì)像復(fù)雜代碼一樣難以理解,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是撰寫(xiě)者的能力,而不是閱讀者、評(píng)論者或翻譯者的能力。故選C。
2. B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic(以從業(yè)者而不是學(xué)者的實(shí)用角度來(lái)撰寫(xiě))”和“highly accessible and informative(非常易懂且提供有用信息)”可以推斷,這本書(shū)很接地氣(down-to-earth)。故選B。
3. C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。倒數(shù)第三段中的“She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence(她說(shuō)我們有必要控制人工智能)”提出了Campbell對(duì)人工智能的態(tài)度。再根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“wake up those responsible for AI(喚醒那些為AI負(fù)責(zé)的人)” “act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity (現(xiàn)在就行動(dòng)起來(lái),防止發(fā)生人類滅絕級(jí)別的事件)”和“global regulation (全球監(jiān)管)”可知,Campbell敦促人們團(tuán)結(jié)一致,控制AI的發(fā)展。故選C。
4. A　主旨要義題,考查文章寫(xiě)作目的。文章主要是圍繞對(duì)AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence這本書(shū)的介紹和評(píng)價(jià)展開(kāi)的,包括書(shū)的作者及其寫(xiě)作能力、書(shū)的風(fēng)格和內(nèi)容等。由最后一段“AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.(AI將影響所有人,如果你只讀一本有關(guān)AI的書(shū),那這本就沒(méi)錯(cuò)了)”可知,作者寫(xiě)作本文的目的是推薦這本書(shū)。故選A。
2023
01-2023新課標(biāo)Ⅰ，A
Bike Rental & Guided Tours
Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.
Why MacBike
MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake(剎車), bikes with hand brake and gears(排擋), bikes with child seats, and children's bikes.
Prices
Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears
1 hour ￠7.50 ￠5.00
3 hours ￠11.00 ￠7.50
1 day(24 hours) ￠14.75 ￠9.75
Each additional day ￠8.00 ￠6.00
Guided City Tours
The 2.5?hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.
1. What is an advantage of MacBike
A. It gives children a discount.
B. It offers many types of bikes.
C. It organizes free cycle tours.
D. It has over 2,500 rental shops.
2. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days
A. 15.75. B. 19.50.
C. 22.75. D. 29.50.
3. Where does the guided city tour start
A. The Gooyer Windmill.
B. The Skinny Bridge.
C. Heineken Brewery.
D. Dam Square.
答案
[語(yǔ)篇解讀]本文是應(yīng)用文，主題語(yǔ)境為人與社會(huì)，主要介紹了在阿姆斯特丹租用自行車出去旅行的相關(guān)事宜。
1. B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞an advantage of MacBike可定位到第二段。根據(jù)“With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you.”可知，在重要地段有五家可以出租自行車的店鋪，有超過(guò)2，500輛自行車（而非店鋪，可排除D項(xiàng)）。由第二段最后一句中的in a wide variety可知，MacBike提供了很多種自行車供游客選擇。故選B。A、C兩項(xiàng)文中未提及。
2. C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題問(wèn)價(jià)格，可定位到表格部分。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞a bike with hand brake and three gears可定位到表格第二列。一輛有手剎和三排擋的自行車租一天需要14.75歐元，每增加一天需額外支付8歐元，由此可知，一輛有手剎和三排擋的自行車租兩天的價(jià)格是14.75+8=22.75歐元。故選C。
3. D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞the guided city tour可定位到最后一段。根據(jù)“The tour departs from Dam Square...”可知，旅游團(tuán)從Dam Square出發(fā)。故選D。
長(zhǎng)難句
With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you.
譯文 我們?cè)谥匾恢玫?家租賃商店里存放了超過(guò)2，500輛自行車，確保總會(huì)有一輛自行車可供您使用。
分析 句中with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)為we，謂語(yǔ)make sure后為省略了that的賓語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句使用了there be句型。
重點(diǎn)詞匯
economical adj.經(jīng)濟(jì)的，實(shí)惠的；節(jié)約的
explore v.探索，勘探
countless adj.數(shù)不清的
at strategic locations 在重要位置
available adj.可用的，可獲得的，有空的
depart v.出發(fā)，離開(kāi)
02-2023新課標(biāo)Ⅰ，B
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how na

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