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第2單元　做人與做事
限時訓練2
限時30分鐘
Ⅰ　閱讀理解
A
　　I ask every student I interview for admission to my institution, Pitzer College, the same question, “What do you look forward to the most in college ” I was astonished and delighted recently when a student replied, “I look forward to the possibility of failure.” Of course, this is not how most students respond to the question when sitting before the person who can make decisions about their academic futures, but this young man took a risk.
“You see, my parents have never let me fail,” he said. “When I want to take a chance on something, they remind me it's not a safe route to take. Taking a more demanding course or trying an activity I may not succeed in, they tell me, will ruin my chances of college admission.”
I wish I could tell you this is an uncommon story, but kids all over the world admit they are under great pressure to be perfect. When I was traveling in China last fall and asked a Chinese student what she did for fun, she replied, “I thought I wasn't supposed to tell you that. I wouldn't want you to think I am not serious about my work!”
Students are usually in shock when I laugh and tell them I never expect perfection. Of course, this goes against everything they've been told. How could a dean(院長) of admission at one of America's most selective institutions not want the best and the brightest The reality is that perfection doesn't exist, and we don't expect to see it in a college application. In fact, admission officers tend to question students who present themselves as individuals without shortcomings.
We get the most excited when we read an application that seems real. It's so rare to hear stories of defeat. If their perspectives are of lessons learned, these applicants tend to jump to the top at highly selective colleges. We believe an error in high school should not define the rest of your life, but how you respond could shape you forever.
1.What can we learn about the student in the first two paragraphs
A.He is taught not to take risks.
B.He tries to avoid any chance of failure.
C.He cares little about his academic futures.
D.He is seldom allowed to take part in activities.
2.Why does the author mention the Chinese student in paragraph 3
A.To emphasize the importance of hard work.
B.To compare students from different countries.
C.To give an example of the students he favors.
D.To illustrate the widespread stress on students.
3.What is probably admission officers' attitude towards a perfect application
A.Doubtful.　　　　B.Confused.　　　　C.Favorable.　　　　D.Casual.
4.What is the key to success in college according to the author
A.A desire for perfection.
B.The ability to learn from defeats.
C.The opportunity of making mistakes.
D.An experience of defeat in high school.
B
　　Throughout my twenties I told myself that I would give up smoking one day. That seemed comfortably far away to prevent me panicking too much, but also definitive enough to fool myself into thinking I'd give up before it killed me. But then my thirties came and went and nothing happened.
Then, my aunt died from lung cancer. I had a moment of fear: Unless I decide to stop smoking, there will be a high probability that at some point in my life I'll have a cough or some other symptom(癥狀) and it will be cancer or a similar awful disease. Still, I didn't act.
But I couldn't help beginning a good, hard think about my smoking and what I was going to do about it. The more I thought about it, the more I questioned what I really loved about it. Then came the sudden realization: I was an addict—I was making all kinds of excuses that the alcohol or drug addicts made.
I decided to quit. But after a few days when out for drinks with friends, I yielded to temptation(誘惑) and had one. The next day I bought a pack of cigarettes and my very first attempt was well and truly a failure. But I learned from this and decided the next attempt would be better planned. I investigated different options online, and met with a smoking cessation (戒煙) nurse at my local surgery who used some techniques to change my thinking about smoking.
With all the support around me, I felt so confident about my ability to quit. I actually looked forward to the date I'd set to stop. That was nearly 10 years ago and I haven't looked back. Of course, in the early days it wasn't always plain sailing. There were times when I was weak and times when I nearly slipped up. But I was prepared for this and didn't let it throw me off. Stopping smoking was one of the best things I've ever done.
5.What can we know about the author from the first two paragraphs
A.He was ignorant of cigarettes.
B.He cared little about his health.
C.He lacked motivation for working.
D.He didn't make up his mind to quit smoking.
6.What inspired the author to make the first quit attempt
A.His self-analysis.　　　　B.Worsening health.
C.Symptoms of lung cancer.　　　　D.Loss of a family member.
7.What does the underlined phrase “yielded to” in paragraph 4 mean
A.Came up with.　　　　B.Gave in to.
C.Stepped out of.　　　　D.Broke away from.
8.Which can best describe the second attempt
A.It was fruitless.　　　　B.It lasted for 10 years.
C.It was a determined attempt.　　　　D.It was abandoned halfway.
Ⅱ　七選五
　　
Four Reasons Why Quiet People Are Successful
　　They listen more than they talk, so they learn a lot
　　Quiet people don't fill every conversation with their own thoughts and opinions, and they certainly don't feel the need to pretend that they know everything. 1.　　　. They then use that information to form an opinion.
They can gain trust easily
　　Quiet people have an advantage when it comes to gaining trust because they don't overreact to things or wear their heart on their sleeve. 2.　　　. They don't come across as being pushy or aggressive like some other people who are always trying to get their way. And since quiet people don't feel pressured to fill every gap in a conversation with words, they're less likely to make mistakes during presentations or meetings.
They are great planners
Quiet people are often successful because they have great planning skills. 3.　　　. They think about what need to be done and how to go about them in order to achieve their goals. They ensure everything is done according to plans, so there is little room for doubt or mistakes.
4.　　
Quiet people tend to be more selective about what they focus on, which means they are less likely to be distracted by other people or things around them. They can focus on a task with single-minded determination and finish it faster than those who talk too much or get distracted easily by their surroundings. 5.　　　.
A.They seldom show off
B.They are more concentrated
C.They often have a lot of fresh ideas
D.Instead, they are more likely to take in what others say
E.For this reason, people who talk less are often seen as more honest
F.They know how to map out their goals and accomplish them efficiently
G.Additionally, quiet individuals also have the ability to concentrate for a long time
Ⅲ　完形填空
　　(2024湖北華中師大一附中期中)When I was 19, I was in a really bad car accident. I woke up with a severe　1　 injury and I learned that my IQ had dropped. Worse still, I had to　2　 from college, and people said to me, “You're not going to finish college. There are other things for you to do, but that's not going to work out for you.” I had identified with being smart, and had been considered　3　 as a child. Having my 　4　 taken from me, I felt entirely　5　.
I worked and worked, and　6　 graduated from college, which took me four years longer than others. After that, I applied to a graduate program and　7　 someone, my tutor Susan to take me on, and so I 　8　 at Princeton University. I still felt I was not supposed to be there. The night before my first-year 　9　 I was so afraid that I called her and said, “I'm　10　.” She said, “You're going to continue, and this is what you're going to do. You are going to　11　 it and do every talk that you ever get asked to do, even if you're　12　, until you have this moment when you say, ‘Oh my gosh, I'm doing it. I have become this.’”
So that's what I did. I spent five years in my graduate school and got my degree. Now I am a public speaker. I realized that I had not just faked it till I made it, I had faked it till I 　13　 it. Our　14　 can change our behavior, and our behavior can change our 　15　.
1.A.face　　　　B.head　　　　C.back　　　　D.skin
2.A.withdraw　　　　B.graduate　　　　C.escape　　　　D.return
3.A.patient　　　　B.reserved　　　　C.gifted　　　　D.diligent
4.A.mood　　　　B.dream　　　　C.career　　　　D.identity
5.A.cheerful　　　　B.powerless　　　　C.indifferent　　　　D.optimistic
6.A.suddenly　　　　B.naturally　　　　C.eventually　　　　D.reluctantly
7.A.convinced　　　　B.reminded　　　　C.instructed　　　　D.allowed
8.A.drop out　　　　B.end up　　　　C.start over　　　　D.fall behind
9.A.exam　　　　B.interview　　　　C.reception　　　　D.talk
10.A.staying　　　　B.leaving　　　　C.quitting　　　　D.dreaming
11.A.fake　　　　B.practice　　　　C.recall　　　　D.ignore
12.A.discouraged　　　　B.inspired　　　　C.enlightened　　　　D.terrified
13.A.failed　　　　B.became　　　　C.forgot　　　　D.cherished
14.A.lessons　　　　B.experience　　　　C.insight　　　　D.minds
15.A.outcomes　　　　B.beliefs　　　　C.personality　　　　D.talent
答案全解全析
限時訓練2
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
語篇解讀　本文是一篇夾敘夾議的文章。作為大學的面試官,作者從不會期待學生做得完美,因為作者認為有失敗經歷的申請才是真實的,學生也應該從失敗中獲益。
1.A　推理判斷題。由文章第二段中這位學生所說的話“When I want to...will ruin my chances of college admission”可知,當這位學生想嘗試某事時,他的父母會提醒他這不是一條安全的路。他的父母告訴他,選一門難度更高的課程或嘗試一項他可能不會成功的活動會毀掉他被大學錄取的機會。據此可知,這個學生被父母教導不要冒險。故選A。
2.D　推理判斷題。根據第三段中“I wish I could tell...to be perfect.” 可知,作者認為,世界各地的孩子都承認,他們面臨著巨大的壓力,要做到完美。接下來作者以旅游時一位中國學生的回答為例,說明學生面臨的壓力。據此可知,作者在第3段提到中國學生是想說明學生普遍承受的壓力。故選D。
3.A　細節理解題。根據題干中的admission officers'定位到第四段最后一句“In fact, admission officers tend to question students who present themselves as individuals without shortcomings.”,由此句可知招生官往往會質疑那些表現得沒有缺點的學生。據此可知,招生官對一份完美的申請可能持懷疑的態度。故選A。
技巧點撥
　　考生可以采取“關鍵詞定位法”,即“帶著問題找答案”的方法,通過定位找關鍵詞。先從題干中提取關鍵詞,然后以此為線索,運用略讀及尋讀的技巧快速在文章中尋找與此關鍵詞相關的段落、語句,快速定位該題與哪一段哪一句有關,然后仔細推敲,仔細比較所給選項與文中細節的細微區別,在準確理解細節的前提下,最后確定答案。簡言之,可采用“一找二定三比對”的方法。解題流程如下:
4.B　推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的“We believe an error in high school should not define the rest of your life, but how you respond could shape you forever. (我們相信,高中時的一個錯誤不應該限定你的余生,但你的應對方式可能會永遠影響你。)”可推斷,作者認為,在大學里取得成功的關鍵是從失敗中學習的能力。故選B。
難句分析
原句　Of course, this is not how most students respond to the question when sitting before the person who can make decisions about their academic futures, but this young man took a risk.
分析　本句由but連接的兩個分句構成,其中第一個分句為主從復合句,句中how引導表語從句,when引導時間狀語從句,該從句省略了主語和be動詞;who引導定語從句,修飾先行詞the person。
譯文　當然,大多數學生坐在能決定他們學術前途的人面前時,并不是這樣回答這個問題的,但這個年輕人冒了險。
B
語篇解讀　本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者戒煙的經歷。
5.D　細節理解題。根據第一段內容可知,作者在自己二十多歲的時候曾告誡自己戒煙,但認為這似乎很遙遠,直到三十多歲時還是沒有戒煙;根據第二段內容可知,當有親人死于肺癌時,作者很害怕,根據“Still, I didn't act.”可知,作者還是沒有采取行動。據此可知,作者并沒有真正下定決心去戒煙。故選D。
6.A　推理判斷題。根據第三段內容可知,作者忍不住開始認真思考吸煙問題,但想得越多,就越懷疑自己到底喜歡它什么;其后突然意識到:自己是個癮君子。據此可以推知,是自我分析使作者開始了第一次戒煙的嘗試。故選A。
7.B　詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞組后的“The next day I bought a pack of cigarettes and my very first attempt was well and truly a failure.”可知,第二天,作者買了一包煙,第一次戒煙的嘗試失敗了。由此可知,畫線詞組所在部分指的是作者屈服于誘惑,畫線詞組與gave in to同義。故選B。
技巧點撥
　　詞義猜測題主要考查考生猜測文章中某個單詞或詞組的含義,或考查該詞(組)能被哪個單詞或詞組代替。此外,有些題也會考查某一個熟詞在具體語境中的特殊含義。近幾年高考每套題一般考查一個小題,個別情況考查兩個小題,主要考查以下幾個方面:(1)陌生詞(詞組/習語);(2)陌生派生詞或合成詞;(3)熟詞(詞組)生義;(4)有特殊含義的詞組;(5)代詞的指代。詞義猜測題的正確選項一般具有以下特征:(1)其含義和其字面意思沒有任何關系;(2)與上下文邏輯通順;(3)與原句意思最接近。
8.C　推理判斷題。根據第四段中的“I investigated different...thinking about smoking.”可知,第一次戒煙失敗后,作者在網上調查了不同的選擇,并在當地的診所見了一位戒煙護士,她用一些技巧改變了作者對吸煙的看法。根據最后一段中的“Of course, in the early...didn't let it throw me off.”可知,戒煙早期并不總是一帆風順的,但作者已經做好了準備,并沒有因此而放棄。由此可推斷,作者第二次戒煙的嘗試是堅定的。故選C。
易錯分析
　　該題容易錯選成A或D項,錯選的原因是只關注了關鍵詞attempt。受第四段第三句“The next day I bought a pack of cigarettes and my very first attempt was well and truly a failure.”影響,考生可能誤認為戒煙失敗了,而忽視了題干中的second。在答題時,考生應當注意題干關鍵信息。
難句分析
原句　Unless I decide to stop smoking, there will be a high probability that at some point in my life I'll have a cough or some other symptom and it will be cancer or a similar awful disease.
分析　該句為主從復合句,Unless引導條件狀語從句;主句使用了there be結構,其中that引導同位語從句,作抽象名詞probability的同位語。同位語從句中and連接了兩個并列分句。
譯文　除非我決定戒煙,否則在我生命中的某個時刻,我很有可能會咳嗽或有一些其他癥狀,那可能是癌癥或類似的可怕疾病。
Ⅱ.七選五
語篇解讀　本文為一篇說明文,文章主要介紹了為什么安靜的人更成功。
①通讀全文,把握文章大意和文章結構
文章大意:安靜的人更成功的四個理由
②通讀選項,了解各選項的中心點,畫出關鍵詞
A.They seldom show off(很少炫耀)
B.They are more concentrated(專注的)
C.They often have a lot of fresh ideas(新想法)
D.Instead, they are more likely to take in what others say(理解別人的觀點)
E.For this reason, people who talk less are often seen as more honest(因為……而顯得更誠實)
F.They know how to map out their goals and accomplish them efficiently(規劃他們的目標)
G.Additionally, quiet individuals also have the ability to concentrate for a long time(長時間專注)
③把選項一一代入文章空處,尋找每個題最適合的選項
1.D　細節句。空后內容談到,他們用這些信息形成一個觀點。D項“相反,他們更可能會接納其他人所說的話”能夠引起下文,符合語境,且與本段小標題中的“learn a lot”呼應。故選D項。
2.E　細節句。根據空前可知,當談到獲取信任時,安靜的人占優勢。因為他們不會過激反應,也不會把自己的情感表露出來。E項中的“this reason”指代空前的“because they don't overreact to things or wear their heart on their sleeve”,符合語境,故選E項。
3.F　細節句。根據空前句可知,安靜的人成功的原因是他們有著很強的規劃能力。F項“他們知道怎樣規劃自己的目標以及如何有效率地完成這些目標”也是在講規劃能力,符合語境,故選F項。
4.B　主旨句。設空處為小標題,是主旨句。根據本段的“more selective about what they focus on”“less likely to be distracted” “They can focus on a task”可知,本段在講專注這個品質,B項“他們更加有專注力”符合語境,且在句式上與其他小標題相似,故選B項。
5.G　細節句。根據空前句可知,他們可以以堅定的決心專心于一個任務,并且比起那些說話過多或容易被周圍的事情分散注意力的人,他們能更快地完成這個任務。G項“此外,安靜的人還有長時間的專注力”為前文內容的遞進,安靜的人不僅能集中注意力,而且集中注意力的時間也很長,符合語境,故選G項。
熟詞生義
come across 熟義:偶然遇見;被理解　生義:給人以……印象
Ⅲ.完形填空
語篇解讀　本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者經歷車禍后,克服困難,堅持學習,最終成為公眾演說家。本文強調思想能改變行為,行為能改變結果。
1.B　根據下文“I learned that my IQ had dropped”可知,作者由于車禍而導致智商下降,由此可推測,作者是頭部受傷。face臉;head頭;back背;skin皮膚。故選B。
2.A　根據上文“I learned that my IQ had dropped”可知,作者智商下降;再結合下文“You're not going to finish college.”可知,作者是從大學退學。withdraw退出;graduate畢業;escape逃避;return返回。故選A。
3.C　根據上文“I had identified with being smart”可推測,作者從小被認為很聰明。由此可知,作者幼時被認為是有天賦的孩子。patient耐心的;reserved內向的,含蓄的;gifted有天賦的;diligent勤奮的。故選C。
4.D　根據上文可知,作者從小被認為很聰明,但是由于車禍,作者智商下降,不得不從大學退學,由此可知,作者感覺自己原來所擁有的身份被剝奪了。mood情緒;dream夢想;career職業;identity身份。故選D。
5.B　作者感覺自己原來所擁有的身份被剝奪了,所以感到無能為力。cheerful開心的;powerless無力的;indifferent漠不關心的;optimistic樂觀的。故選B。
6.C　句意:我學了又學,最后大學畢業了,這比別人多花了四年時間。根據上文“I worked and worked”可知,作者比別人多學了四年后終于大學畢業了。suddenly突然;naturally自然而然地;eventually最終;reluctantly勉強地。故選C。
易錯分析
　　該題容易錯選成B項,選錯的原因是混淆了naturally和eventually的用法。eventually表示“最終”,側重指經過努力、歷經艱難后終于完成某事,與該處語境相符;而naturally指“自然而然地”,不能凸顯作者經歷的艱辛。
7.A　根據上文“I applied to a graduate program”(我申請了一個研究生項目)以及下文作者與Susan的對話可推測,作者說服導師Susan錄取了自己。convince說服,使相信;remind提醒;instruct指導;allow允許。故選A。
8.B　根據上文作者說服Susan錄取了自己可知,作者最終進入了普林斯頓大學。drop out退學;end up最終處于;start over重新開始;fall behind落后。故選B。
9.D　根據下文中的“do every talk that you ever get asked to do”可知,作者是要進行第一學年的演講。exam考試;interview采訪;reception接待;talk談話,演講。故選D。
10.C　根據下文Susan的話中“You're going to continue, and this is what you're going to do.”可知,作者是在演講前一晚打了退堂鼓,想放棄演講,而Susan則鼓勵作者繼續下去。stay保持; leave離開;quit停止;dream夢想。故選C。
11.A　根據下文中的“I realized that I had not just faked it till I made it, I had faked it till I 　13　 it.”可知,作者的導師希望作者假裝自己是演講家。fake假裝,冒充;practice練習;recall回憶起;ignore忽視。故選A。
12.D　根據上文中的“I was so afraid”可知,作者在第一年的演講前產生了害怕的心理,結合空前的“even if”可知,導師希望作者即便害怕,也要假裝自己是演講家。discouraged灰心喪氣的;inspired受到激勵的;enlightened開明的;terrified害怕的。故選D。
13.B　句意:我意識到,我不只是在我成功之前假裝成為演講家,我一直假裝這件事,直到成為一名演講家。根據上文“So that's what I did. I spent five years in my graduate school and got my degree. Now I am a public speaker.”可知,作者聽從導師的建議,最終成為了演講家。fail失敗;become成為;forget忘記;cherish重視。故選B。
14.D　根據上文內容可知,作者的導師希望作者在害怕的時候也能進行心理暗示,假裝自己可以。而作者通過這樣的方法,成為一個演講家,取得了成功。由此可知,作者認為我們的思想可以改變我們行為。lesson教訓;experience經歷,經驗;insight洞察力;mind頭腦,思想。故選D。
15.A　根據上文可知,作者通過不斷的心理暗示,告訴自己可以做;而有了這樣的思想,作者改變了自己的行為,最終取得了好的結果。由此可推測,作者認為行為可以改變結果。outcome結果;belief信念;personality個性;talent才能。故選A。

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