資源簡介

第3單元　社會(huì)服務(wù)與人際溝通
限時(shí)訓(xùn)練3
限時(shí)40分鐘
Ⅰ　閱讀理解
A
　　Looking back, Geoff Banks of Devon, England can hardly even remember how he first started writing to his American friend, Celesta Byrne.
Geoff and Celesta were given each other's names and addresses as part of a school pen pal program back in 1938.They're both now 100 years old, and a lot has changed in the past 84 years: their age has changed; their appearance has changed; but one thing has not—they still use the traditional way to contact each other.
“I honestly struggle to remember something, but I was talking to Celesta recently and I think it was something to do with an American school's scheme,” Geoff said. “They matched us up with Americans for a pen pal relationship, and somehow I ended up with this letter from an American girl, and we've just kept corresponding(通信)ever since.”
Geoff and Celesta's relationship never turned romantic, but they shared a lot over the decades. They kept up their correspondence through World War Ⅱ, sending updates about their families, friends, and work. In 2002, they finally got a chance to meet in person during a trip to New York City. Two years later, they met up again, but ever since then they've gone back to pen and paper.
Recently, they've switched to digital forms of communication to stay in touch, something that's easier on their eyes and hands. Their children have helped them set up email accounts.
“I've known this new thing called Zoom, I think, now to chat with her, but I leave all the technology to younger people. Deep down, I refuse to use Zoom. Writing to Celesta has been a source of great satisfaction for me over the years,” said Geoff.
Celesta says their relationship is “l(fā)ike people who live next door”. “You know how they're doing, you say a few words, and then you both go to work,” she explained. “She's always been there to write to me, even if it was just birthday cards and Christmas cards,” Geoff added.
1.What do Geoff and Celesta insist on doing over the 84 years
A.Enjoying telling jokes.　　　　B.Writing to each other.
C.Creating a program.　　　　D.Keeping a secret.
2.What do Geoff Banks' words in Paragraph 3 tell us
A.How they got in touch.　　　　B.Why they liked writing.
C.What they both liked to do.　　　　D.When they ran a scheme.
3.What is Geoff's attitude towards using Zoom to stay in touch
A.Supportive.　　　　B.Unclear.　　　　C.Doubtful.　　　　D.Disapproving.
4.What is the purpose of this text
A.To introduce a way to make friends.　　　　B.To teach us skills of writing letters.
C.To tell us a tale of lifelong friends.　　　　D.To stress the power of technology.
B
　　Imagine you're out for an evening stroll (閑逛) in a foreign city, looking to find a restaurant for dinner. You will look for the busiest restaurant with the most diners because its popularity is bound to reflect the quality of food and service. But is this true
In tourist areas, which lack regular, local customers, the number of diners is unlikely to hold information about the quality of the meal. In this case, following the example of others could have led to a suboptimal (次佳的) dinner choice in an overcrowded restaurant.
Spontaneously (不由自主地) copying other people's thoughts or choices or simply going with the crowd is often referred to as “herd behaviors”. It is a frequent occurrence among humans as well as many other animals, a common example being sheep.
Herding can appear to make a lot of sense. Average judgements of large groups of people often outperform individual choices. Furthermore, following the crowd appears to offer protection and comfort—after all, there's “safety in numbers”—while helping to maintain a favourable reputation. Finally, following the herd reduces the effort needed to make a personal or unique decision.
Herd behaviors, while common and easy to explain, can have many harmful effects. Blindly following the herd can have grave consequences when the followers are trying to escape from danger. As seen in examples during earthquakes, herding may result in the entire crowd rushing for the same door, even if other exits are available. This unavoidably affects evacuation (疏散) efforts and may result in avoidable injuries or even deaths.
Psychology research suggests that it's surprisingly difficult to resist the influences of the herd. In an experiment involving financial decision-making, researchers found that warning messages about the potential errors of the crowd were surprisingly ineffective in helping customers make better choices. It appears that there is no quick and easy fix. Instead, it is advisable to involve individuals adopting more critical approaches towards peers' opinions, and questioning others' behaviors as opposed to blindly following them.
5.What does the author want to tell us by the restaurant example
A.Undesirable outcomes of herding.
B.Wise dinner choices of most customers.
C.Practical ways of avoiding herding.
D.Poor conditions of popular dining places.
6.What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us about herding
A.Its application.　　　　B.Its disadvantages.　　　　C.Its definition.　　　　D.Its benefits.
7.What does the author suggest readers do in the last paragraph
A.Send warning messages.　　　　B.Follow peers' opinions.
C.Stop behaving critically.　　　　D.Have our own judgments.
8.Which is the best title for the text
A.Why can't you find the reasons for herding
B.Why shouldn't you follow the crowd blindly
C.When should you avoid influences of herding
D.How can you discover wisdom of crowds
Ⅱ　完形填空
　　The four people have persuaded companies to give them ￡250,000 worth of toys and food for nothing. And next Monday, they are going to 　1　 them to every house across north London. David Goodfellow and his three friends, Benny Crane, James Hunter and Callum Teach, call themselves “The Kindness Offensive”. They specialise in 　2　 random acts of kindness for total 　3　.
According to them, it is remarkably easy to get hold of items to give away, if you 　4　. “You simply phone 　5　 manufacturers to see if they are willing to donate something,” Mr Goodfellow explains. “Our phone bills are enormous, but 　6　 you reach someone sympathetic.”
The four friends 　7　 their work together a year ago. “At first, most people were deeply suspicious,” said Mr Crane, a musician. “They didn't think we'd 　8　 our promises.” But the group soon learned how to do it properly and convince people of their good 　9　.
Their first successful “kindness act” was to help 　10　 a boy's dream of watching a football match and, last October, they gave free food to 　11　 seekers. “We've met people struggling just to live,” said Mr Hunter. “They 　12　 want to contribute to society but they can't work and they don't find it easy even to buy food.”
The Kindness Offensive goes to great lengths to 　13　 media exposure but they would like to see more people performing kind deeds for one another. “What I've learnt is that kindness is 　14　,” David's father said. “　15　 you do good deeds, you'll get a lot out of them and others will follow.”
1.A.lead　　　　B.distribute　　　　C.attach　　　　D.apply
2.A.carrying out　　　　B.working out　　　　C.making out　　　　D.bringing out
3.A.children　　　　B.customers　　　　C.strangers　　　　D.friends
4.A.adapt　　　　B.depart　　　　C.concentrate　　　　D.persist
5.A.familiar　　　　B.overseas　　　　C.endless　　　　D.aimless
6.A.initially　　　　B.ultimately　　　　C.unfortunately　　　　D.naturally
7.A.launched　　　　B.concluded　　　　C.advertised　　　　D.gathered
8.A.look forward to　　　　B.pay attention to　　　　C.pass on to　　　　D.live up to
9.A.strategies　　　　B.intentions　　　　C.methods　　　　D.routines
10.A.found　　　　B.affect　　　　C.obtain　　　　D.fulfill
11.A.status　　　　B.power　　　　C.shelter　　　　D.peace
12.A.reluctantly　　　　B.eagerly　　　　C.patiently　　　　D.passively
13.A.avoid　　　　B.double　　　　C.encourage　　　　D.oppose
14.A.complex　　　　B.reasonable　　　　C.influential　　　　D.accurate
15.A.Though　　　　B.Unless　　　　C.Until　　　　D.If
Ⅲ　書面表達(dá)
　　假定你是校英文報(bào)主編李華。請(qǐng)為新欄目“A Helping Hand”寫一則征稿啟事。
內(nèi)容包括:
1.稿件要求;
2.投稿方式(ahelpinghand@);
3.截止日期。
注意:寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80個(gè)左右。
Contributions Wanted
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Editorial Office of School Newspaper
August, 25th
答案全解全析
限時(shí)訓(xùn)練3
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
語篇解讀　本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了兩位百歲老人跨國友誼的故事。從1938年的學(xué)校筆友項(xiàng)目相識(shí),他們一直在通過寫信的方式保持著聯(lián)系,分享著各自的故事,維持著這段跨文化的友誼。
1.B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句中“a lot has changed in the past 84 years: their age has changed; their appearance has changed; but one thing has not—they still use the traditional way to contact each other”可知,他們的年齡變了,外表變了,但有一件事沒有改變——他們?nèi)匀皇褂脗鹘y(tǒng)的聯(lián)系方式。所以,84年來,他們一直堅(jiān)持寫信聯(lián)系。故選B。
2.A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段可知,Geoff與Celesta的相識(shí)可能與一家美國學(xué)校的計(jì)劃有關(guān)。他不知怎么的,收到了一封來自一個(gè)美國女孩的信,從那以后他們就一直保持通信。所以,Geoff 講述了他們之間是怎樣取得聯(lián)系的。故選A。
3.D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Deep down, I refuse to use Zoom.”可知,Geoff在內(nèi)心深處拒絕使用Zoom,所以他不喜歡使用Zoom。supportive支持的;unclear不確定的;doubtful懷疑的;disapproving不贊成的,不喜歡的。故選D。
易錯(cuò)分析
　　本題易錯(cuò)選C項(xiàng),主要原因是部分同學(xué)不能分辨doubtful與disapproving。doubtful意為“懷疑的”,并沒有完全否定的意思;disapproving意為“不贊成的,不喜歡的”,表示否定的意思。
4.C　主旨大意題。本文是一篇記敘文,主要人物是Geoff Banks和Celesta Byrne,主要故事是二人八十多年的友誼,主要內(nèi)容是關(guān)于他們?nèi)绾伍_始和維持這段友誼的。所以,文章主要講述了兩位百歲老人彼此寫信保持終生友誼的故事。故選C。
技巧點(diǎn)撥
　　選擇記敘文的主旨、標(biāo)題或者寫作目的時(shí),要考慮故事的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物和事件,然后合理地組織它們就可以了。
B
語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了社會(huì)交往中的“從眾行為”的定義、原因及盲目從眾所帶來的后果,最后建議讀者要質(zhì)疑別人的觀點(diǎn)。
5.A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“In this case, following the example of others could have led to a suboptimal (次佳的) dinner choice in an overcrowded restaurant.”可知,從眾行為可能導(dǎo)致在擁擠的餐館里選擇次優(yōu)的晚餐,故作者想要通過餐館的例子告訴我們從眾行為的不良后果。故選A。
6.D　段落大意題。第四段為總—分結(jié)構(gòu),首句“Herding can appear to make a lot of sense.(從眾似乎有很多意義)”為段落主題句,接著下文從三個(gè)方面說明了從眾行為的好處,故本段是說從眾行為的好處,故選D。
7.D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞“suggest”可以在最后一段找到同義詞“advisable”,根據(jù)其所在句“Instead, it is advisable to...following them.(相反,建議讓個(gè)人對(duì)同伴的觀點(diǎn)采取更批判的態(tài)度,質(zhì)疑他人的行為,而不是盲目地追隨他們)”可知,作者在最后一段建議讀者對(duì)他人的觀點(diǎn)持批判態(tài)度,不盲從別人,即要有自己的判斷。故選D。
8.B　主旨大意題。
Paras. 1-3 什么是從眾行為
Para. 4 從眾行為的原因
Para. 5 從眾行為的后果
Para. 6 避免從眾行為的具體建議
根據(jù)各段主旨及第一段的最后一句“But is this true ”與最后一段的最后一句“Instead, it is advisable...questioning others' behaviors as opposed to blindly following them.”可知,文章主要介紹了“從眾行為”及其背后的原因,并說明這種行為的有害影響,最后建議讀者對(duì)別人的觀點(diǎn)持批判態(tài)度,不要盲從別人。B項(xiàng)“你為什么不應(yīng)該盲目地隨大流 ”為最佳標(biāo)題。
Ⅱ.完形填空
語篇解讀　本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章講述了David Goodfellow、Benny Crane、James Hunter和Callum Teach四人為社會(huì)提供公益服務(wù)的故事。他們自稱為“善良進(jìn)攻”,通過電話的方式獲取捐贈(zèng)物資,然后再隨機(jī)分配給陌生人。
1.B　根據(jù)空前句可知,他們籌集到了價(jià)值25萬英鎊的玩具和食物。根據(jù)第一段最后一句中的“random acts of kindness”可知,他們做的是善良的事情。所以,他們所募集的物品應(yīng)是分發(fā)給他人。lead領(lǐng)導(dǎo);distribute分發(fā);attach系上,附上;apply申請(qǐng)。故選B。
2.A　根據(jù)上一題和后文“random acts of kindness”可知,他們要把募集的物品分發(fā)給他人,即實(shí)施隨機(jī)的善舉。carry out執(zhí)行,實(shí)施;work out計(jì)算;make out辨認(rèn)出;bring out生產(chǎn)。故選A。
3.C　根據(jù)前文“to every house across north London”可知,他們把物資分發(fā)給了倫敦北部的每一家。再根據(jù)第三段中的“At first, most people were deeply suspicious”可知,很多人開始是懷疑的,說明他們可能并不熟悉。所以,“陌生人”符合語境。child兒童;customer客戶;stranger陌生人;friend朋友。故選C。
4.D　根據(jù)第一段中的“give them ￡250,000 worth of toys and food for nothing”可知,所捐獻(xiàn)的物品都是免費(fèi)獲得的。根據(jù)后文“Our phone bills are enormous”可知,他們的電話費(fèi)數(shù)額巨大,也就是打了很多電話。所以,他們一定是堅(jiān)持打電話溝通,才能說服別人免費(fèi)捐獻(xiàn)物資。adapt適應(yīng);depart離開;concentrate集中;persist堅(jiān)持。故選D。
5.C　根據(jù)后文“Our phone bills are enormous”可知,他們的電話費(fèi)數(shù)額巨大,也就是打了很多電話。所以,此處指給無數(shù)制造商打電話。familiar熟悉的;overseas海外的;endless無窮無盡的;aimless無目標(biāo)的。故選C。
6.B　根據(jù)本段第一句可知,只要堅(jiān)持,他們最終能獲得可以送人的東西。所以,雖然他們打了很多電話,但是最終能找到富有同情心的人。initially最初;ultimately最終;unfortunately不幸地;naturally自然地。故選B。
7.A　根據(jù)后文“At first...”可知,這里指他們開始工作的時(shí)候,所以“l(fā)aunched(開始從事)”符合句意,表示他們一年前開始這項(xiàng)工作。launch開始從事;conclude結(jié)束;advertise做廣告;gather聚集。
8.D　根據(jù)前文“At first, most people were deeply suspicious”可知,起初,大多數(shù)人都深表懷疑。所以,人們認(rèn)為他們不會(huì)兌現(xiàn)他們的承諾。look forward to期待;pay attention to注意;pass on to傳遞給;live up to遵守(諾言);不辜負(fù)(期望)。故選D。
9.B　結(jié)合前文及“But the group soon learned how to do it properly”可知,剛開始,許多人不相信他們,但是他們學(xué)會(huì)了如何恰當(dāng)?shù)刈鲞@件事。這里的“it”指的是人們不相信他們會(huì)兌現(xiàn)諾言,所以他們應(yīng)是讓人們相信他們會(huì)信守諾言,即讓人們相信他們的好意。strategy戰(zhàn)略;intention意圖;method方法;routine常規(guī)。故選B。
10.D　結(jié)合語境及“Their first successful ‘kindness act’”可知,此處指的是他們做的第一件成功的好事,即幫男孩實(shí)現(xiàn)了觀看足球比賽的夢想。found創(chuàng)辦;affect影響;obtain獲得;fulfill實(shí)現(xiàn)。故選D。
11.C　根據(jù)后面的“struggling just to live”“can't work”“don't find it easy even to buy food”可知,這些被他們幫助的人生活艱難,找不到工作,甚至連買食物都不容易。所以,這些是尋求庇護(hù)的人。status地位;power能力;shelter庇護(hù);peace和平。故選C。
12.B　根據(jù)“but they can't work and they don't find it easy even to buy food”可知,前文內(nèi)容與他們找不到工作和買食物不容易形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。所以這里可以理解為他們渴望為社會(huì)做貢獻(xiàn),但是卻找不到工作,甚至連買食物都不容易。reluctantly不情愿地;eagerly急切地;patiently耐心地;passively被動(dòng)地。故選B。
13.A　根據(jù)后半句“but they would like to see more people performing kind deeds for one another”可知,前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,后文是“他們希望看到更多的人為彼此做好事”,結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知,此處表示他們避免媒體曝光,但也希望通過媒體使其他人效仿,從而看到更多人做好事。avoid避免;double加倍;encourage鼓勵(lì);oppose反對(duì)。故選A。
14.C　根據(jù)后文“you'll get a lot out of it and others will follow”可知,其他人會(huì)效仿,所以做好事是有影響力的。complex復(fù)雜的;reasonable合理的;influential有影響力的;accurate精確的。故選C。
15.D　由選項(xiàng)可知,此處為狀語從句。結(jié)合本句語境可知,此處表示“如果你做好事,你會(huì)從中得到很多,其他人也會(huì)跟著做”。though雖然;unless除非;until直到;if如果。故選D。
Ⅲ.書面表達(dá)
寫作指導(dǎo)
One possible version:
Contributions Wanted
　　With the intention of promoting inspiring stories about those willing to help others, contributions are being collected for the column, A Helping Hand.【征文目的】
　　As required, articles ought to be essays, poems or stories, of which the contents, concerning a schoolmate with the readiness to help others, will gain more favor. Besides, it's the contributions with a true story limited to 500 words that are admitted. You can send your article to ahelpinghand@ before September 10.【稿件要求及相關(guān)事項(xiàng)】
Looking forward to your wonderful articles.【發(fā)出號(hào)召】
Editorial Office of School Newspaper
August, 25th
佳作亮點(diǎn)
1.重點(diǎn)詞匯
①with the intention of為了……
②as required按照要求
③concerning prep.關(guān)于
④readiness n.愿意;樂意
⑤gain more favor得到更多的青睞
2.精彩句式
①As required,articles ought to be essays, poems or stories,of which the contents,concerning a schoolmate with the readiness to help others, will gain more favor.(“of which”引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句;“concerning...help others”為介詞短語作后置定語)根據(jù)要求,文章應(yīng)該是散文、詩歌或故事,關(guān)于樂于助人的同學(xué)的內(nèi)容將得到更多的青睞。
②Besides, it's the contributions with a true story limited to 500 words that are admitted. (強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)此外,只有500字以內(nèi)的真實(shí)故事的稿件才被接收。

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