資源簡介

第5單元　歷史、社會與文化
限時訓練2
限時30分鐘
Ⅰ　閱讀理解
A
　　I settled into my seat on a plane to Cuba feeling frustrated. When I planned the trip, I had assumed that my Cuban partner and I would go to the field directly to collect water samples from rivers. That's how I'd done fieldwork in Namibia and Bolivia. But not in Cuba, it seemed. Five days earlier, a Cuban scientist had emailed to inform me that we would only be meeting to talk about our planned project. Sampling would happen during a later trip.
At the airport, one of my partners greeted me. We drove to the research center where he worked, and then toured every lab in the building. I met scientists, technicians, students and even the cook. I was impressed that I was introduced to each person. The lack of hierarchy(等級制度)was unlike anything I had experienced before in academia(學術界).
The next day, we met again to brainstorm. Together, we looked at maps to plan how we were going to collect samples. Had it not been for the Cubans, I would have been unaware that the map I had left out some new reservoirs(水庫). Local involvement and knowledge were key—making me wonder what I'd missed working without such a team in other places.
Six months later, I flew back to Cuba and this time, we headed to the field. I was impressed again by the fact that my Cuban partners went to great lengths to ensure that all team members were treated equally. We drove around Cuba in bright yellow minibuses, and each minibus had a mix of members at all seniority levels. In the field, all members sweated together.
On the last night of the trip, we searched for a restaurant that could seat all 14 of us at one table. When a restaurant couldn't accommodate the team without separating us, my partners insisted that we move on and find a place with a large enough table.
In 26 years as a professor, I have never been a fan of academia's hierarchy. I want everyone working with me to feel as though they are part of a team. But my Cuban partners take teamwork to another level entirely. They make it clear that all team members are valued, that everyone is equal, and that true teamwork makes for better science.
1.Why did the author feel frustrated in Paragraph 1
A.He was asked to host a meeting in Cuba.
B.He was told to change his planned project.
C.He couldn't do his work in his usual way in Cuba.
D.He spent a long time waiting for his plane to Cuba.
2.What was wrong with the author's map
A.It was torn up.　　　　B.It was outdated.
C.It was too old to read.　　　　D.It was about another water area.
3.What can prove that the Cuban team didn't have hierarchy
A.They drove minibuses to the field.　　　　B.They were friendly to the author.
C.They worked in different groups.　　　　D.They had dinner at one table.
4.Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text
A.A fruitful trip in Cuba　　　　B.Impressed by a Cuban team
C.Respect seniors in the team　　　　D.You'll never know until you try
B
　　Pottery (制陶) may be the oldest artwork of human beings. As far back to more than 8,000 years ago, people began mixing clay (黏土) and water, then baking it until it held its shape. People attached the word “pottery” to their discovery. For a more convenient and better life, ancient people used it to create various containers and tools to cook, to store things, and to hold cuisine or water as dishes.
As time passed, the technique became mature. Different kinds of pottery appeared in different times and regions. Yangshao Culture, 5,000-7,000 years ago to today, developed a technique for painted ceramic wares (陶器). Qujialing Culture and Longshan Culture, about 4,000-5,000 years ago, were known for their black ceramic wares. During the Shang Dynasty (17th-11th century BC), bronze containers grew into somewhat of a status symbol; common people, though, still used traditional clay ceramic wares. From the Warring States Period through the Han Dynasty, the art and culture of pottery boomed. Terracotta Warriors(兵馬俑), discovered in Xi'an, are the finest representatives of artworks of that time.
A representative example of pottery is the tricolor glazed (上釉的) pottery of the Tang Dynasty (618-907), known as Tangsancai in Chinese. The pottery appeared to be light yellow, reddish brown, or light green but the most popular were yellow, brown and green. The sculpture of figures, animals or daily appliances was amazingly combined with the characteristics of Tang art—graceful and lively. Preferred by many foreigners, such pottery had been transported worldwide.
Another choice pottery that won great reputation for hundreds of years is purple clay pottery. It is well-known for its mild color, concentrated structure, high intensity and fine particles (微粒). As early as the Song Dynasty (960-1279), people found purple clay teapots to look much more graceful than those of other materials. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, tea developed as a simple and tasteful art. Modern people still take delight in this classic fashion artwork.
5.Why was pottery originally used
A.To add more to farm tools.　　　　B.To keep private property.
C.To hold food and water.　　　　D.To enhance the quality of life.
6.When could pottery be used to identify one's social status
A.Around 6,000 years ago.　　　　B.From the Warring States Period.
C.During the Shang Dynasty.　　　　D.Throughout the Han Dynasty.
7.What can be known about Tangsancai from Paragraph 3
A.It combined pottery with typical Tang art.　　　　B.It represented common people's daily life.
C.It adopted the most popular three colors.　　　　D.It was well-received by all foreigners.
8.What's the main purpose of writing the passage
A.To introduce pottery-related information.　　　　B.To display fine examples of ancient pottery.
C.To explain why pottery was created.　　　　D.To explore the colors applied to pottery.
Ⅱ　七選五
　　The rise of social media has revolutionized human connectivity, but its overuse can make people feel increasingly unhappy and isolated. 1.　　
One significant problem with frequent social media use is comparing ourselves to others. Many individuals experience “Facebook envy”. 2.　　　 Gradually, it may result in self-doubt. To boost self-confidence, it is essential to reduce time spent on others' profiles, and focus on self-reflection.
Social media can also make it hard to form real friendships. Constant online interaction may make us feel lonely and left out when we see others having fun online. Stina Sanders, a former model, explained, “When I see my friend's photos of a party I didn't go to, it can make me feel quite lonely and anxious.” 3.　　
Quality sleep is essential for mental health, but excessive phone use before bedtime can severely disturb it. The anxiety and envy induced by social media content can keep our brains alert, making it challenging to fall asleep. 4.　　　 Avoiding the phone for at least 40 minutes to an hour before bed can improve sleep.
“5.　　　 However, it can also change the way we recall our life. If we direct all of our attention trying to take the perfect photo, less will be available to enjoy other aspects of the experience in real time,” said Dr. Bono. To decrease these effects, practicing self-discipline and limiting phone use can help us to stay focused and clear-minded.
If you feel like social media is beginning to affect you, why not consider allocating less social media time The slight change can do you a lot of good.
A.Regular use of Facebook can keep good relationships.
B.Social media offers a convenient way to record memories.
C.This can lead to feelings of dissatisfaction with themselves.
D.Plus, the blue light that is given off by screens affects our sleep.
E.Therefore, it's important to develop genuine offline relationships.
F.Social media can lead to serious physical and mental health issues.
G.The reliance on it can negatively impact people's mental health in the long run.
Ⅲ　完形填空
　　“When I first started learning calligraphy, I just copied the teacher's strokes(筆畫), and my work was ugly,” said Aryan from Afghanistan. He is currently a graduate student in Beijing, 　1　 in International Education of Chinese Language.
During his six-year stay in China, he discovered the　2　 of Chinese culture. He also realized that Chinese is steadily becoming a(n) 　3　 language, and more people around the world want to communicate smoothly in Chinese.
To his surprise, the curriculum for foreign students in China　4　 the classroom. The school organizes extracurricular 　5　 to help them experience 　6　 and culture. After closer and deeper 　7　 with Chinese culture, Aryan found his hobby: calligraphy.
“Initially, I didn't know much Chinese and thought calligraphy would be difficult,” Aryan said. “Later on, I found out that calligraphy could help me　8　 my Chinese language skills and my understanding of Chinese culture.”
He used to　9　 the idea that writing Chinese characters was all about writing them neatly. But he later found out that this view is 　10　. Calligraphy helps him to understand both each stroke and Chinese people's 　11　 toward life. The horizontal, vertical (垂直的), left and right falling strokes 　12　 Chinese people's unique symbols and memories. They are also the hidden 　13　 to better understanding Chinese culture.
Not only did Aryan gain a deeper　14　 of Chinese characters, but also he developed a more mature personality along the way. Calligraphy gives him strength when he feels 　15　 and lost, finding his inner peace.
1.A.majoring　　　　B.settling　　　　C.bringing　　　　D.resulting
2.A.problem　　　　B.pattern　　　　C.richness　　　　D.resource
3.A.native　　　　B.official　　　　C.international　　　　D.formal
4.A.goes against　　　　B.takes up　　　　C.takes over　　　　D.goes beyond
5.A.conferences　　　　B.activities　　　　C.subjects　　　　D.competitions
6.A.economy　　　　B.life　　　　C.work　　　　D.pleasure
7.A.cooperation　　　　B.content　　　　C.combination　　　　D.contact
8.A.improve　　　　B.recognize　　　　C.adjust　　　　D.find
9.A.hold　　　　B.oppose　　　　C.break　　　　D.suspect
10.A.positive　　　　B.contradictory　　　　C.wrong　　　　D.objective
11.A.direction　　　　B.step　　　　C.attitude　　　　D.effort
12.A.supply　　　　B.represent　　　　C.sense　　　　D.recall
13.A.conservation　　　　B.admission　　　　C.reaction　　　　D.key
14.A.function　　　　B.ability　　　　C.form　　　　D.knowledge
15.A.stressed　　　　B.inspired　　　　C.determined　　　　D.interrupted
答案全解全析
限時訓練2
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
語篇解讀　本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講的是作者去古巴與一個古巴團隊一起工作的兩次經歷讓他印象深刻。
1.C　細節理解題。根據題干中的“frustrated”可定位到第一段,第一段中“frustrated”后邊的內容是對它的解釋。根據第一段中的“When I planned the trip, I had assumed that my Cuban partner and I would go to the field directly to collect water samples...But not in Cuba, it seemed.(當我計劃這次旅行時,我以為我和我的古巴伙伴會直接去實地采集河流中的水樣。那就是我在納米比亞和玻利維亞進行實地調查的方式。但在古巴似乎不是這樣。)”及第一段最后兩句介紹的他在古巴具體的工作方式可知,作者沒法按他以往的方式在古巴進行工作,這讓他很沮喪。故選C。
2.B　細節理解題。根據第三段中的“the map I had left out some new reservoirs”尤其是其中的new可知,作者的地圖過時了。
3.D　推理判斷題。根據文章第四段中的“I was impressed again by the fact that my Cuban partners went to great lengths to ensure that all team members were treated equally.”及第五段中的“On the last night of the trip, we searched for a restaurant that could seat all 14 of us at one table.”可知,古巴團隊中的每個成員都被平等對待,沒有等級制度,一起在一張桌子上進餐體現了他們的平等。故選D。
4.B　主旨大意題。本文是按照時間順序進行敘述的,其結構為:
Para. 1 作者有點沮喪,因為在古巴的工作方式與他以往的不同。
Para. 2-Para. 5 通過和古巴團隊的合作,作者發現古巴團隊沒有等級制度,追求平等。
Para. 6 作者的感悟
從文章的結構及段落主旨來看,本文主要講述了作者在古巴工作的經歷,古巴團隊與其他國家完全不同的工作方式讓作者感觸很多,因此B項(古巴團隊給我留下深刻的印象)適合作為本文標題。A.古巴之旅收獲頗豐;C.尊重團隊中的老人;D.除非你嘗試,否則你永遠不會知道。
解題時要注意文章中的關鍵詞team和teamwork。
易錯分析
　　本題易錯選A項。A項的關鍵詞是fruitful trip,強調的是旅行和作者從旅行中得到的收獲,而文章強調的是古巴團隊的工作方式給作者的感受,二者的側重點不同,故不選A項。
難句分析
原句1　I was impressed again by the fact that my Cuban partners went to great lengths to ensure that all team members were treated equally.
分析　本句是一個主從復合句。第一個that引導同位語從句,解釋說明fact的內容;第二個that引導ensure后的賓語從句。
譯文　我再次對這一事實印象深刻,我的古巴合作伙伴不遺余力地確保所有團隊成員得到平等對待。
原句2　They make it clear that all team members are valued, that everyone is equal, and that true teamwork makes for better science.
分析　本句是一個主從復合句。and連接三個that引導的賓語從句,it作形式賓語,代替三個賓語從句。
譯文　他們明確表示,所有團隊成員都很重要,每個人都是平等的,真正的團隊合作有助于更好的科學(研究)。
B
語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了中國瓷器的發展歷史。
5.D　細節理解題。根據第一段的最后一句“For a more convenient and better life, ancient people used it to create various containers and tools to cook, to store things, and to hold cuisine or water as dishes.”可知,為了更方便、更好的生活,古人用陶器來創造各種各樣的容器和工具來烹飪、儲存東西以及盛菜或盛水。因此,陶器以前是用來提升生活質量的。故選D。
6.C　細節理解題。根據第二段第五句“During the Shang Dynasty...bronze containers grew into somewhat of a status symbol; common people, though, still used traditional clay ceramic wares.”可知在商朝,青銅容器在某種程度上成為一種地位的象征;然而,普通百姓仍然使用傳統的黏土陶瓷制品。由此可知,在商朝陶器可以用來識別人的社會地位。故選C。
7.A　細節理解題。根據第三段第三句“The sculpture of figures, animals or daily appliances was amazingly combined with the characteristics of Tang art—graceful and lively.”可知,人物、動物、日用器具的雕刻與唐代藝術的特點相結合,雍容華貴、生動活潑。由此可知,唐三彩把陶器與唐代藝術結合起來了。故選A。
8.A　主旨大意題。文章的結構如下:
Para. 1 陶器的起源
Para. 2 陶器的發展
Para. 3-Para. 4 陶器的典型代表
由此可知,文章主要介紹了中國制陶技術的起源、發展、典型代表等信息。故選A(為了介紹制陶技術的相關信息)。
Ⅱ.七選五
語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。過度依賴社交媒體會對人們的心理健康產生負面影響,文章對此進行了介紹。
①通讀文章,把握文章大意和文章結構
②通讀選項,了解各選項的中心,畫出關鍵詞
A.Regular use of Facebook can keep good relationships.(社交媒體的好處:保持良好的關系)
B.Social media offers a convenient way to record memories. (社交媒體的好處:方便記錄回憶)
C.This can lead to feelings of dissatisfaction with themselves. (“This”導致對自己不滿意)
D.Plus, the blue light that is given off by screens affects our sleep. (屏幕藍光影響睡眠)
E.Therefore, it's important to develop genuine offline relationships. (建立真正的線下友誼很重要)
F. Social media can lead to serious physical and mental health issues. (社交媒體會導致嚴重的身心健康問題)
G.The reliance on it can negatively impact people's mental health in the long run. (對it的依賴會對心理健康產生消極影響)
③把選項一一代入文章空處,尋找每個題最適合的選項
1.G　主旨句。根據空前可知社交媒體的興起徹底改變了人與人之間的聯系,但過度使用會讓人們感到越來越不快樂和被孤立。再根據第二、三、四、五段可知過度使用社交媒體會導致與人攀比、無法建立真正的友誼、睡眠質量降低等負面影響。由此可知,整篇文章主要介紹的是過度依賴社交媒體對心理健康的不利影響。結合選項的中心點可知,選項G提到的對心理健康產生消極影響與此內容一致,G項中的it指的是上文提到的social media,則G項就是說對社交媒體的依賴會對心理健康產生消極影響,能夠概括文章主旨,引出下文介紹的具體的負面影響,切合文意,且G項中的關鍵詞“mental health”與上文中的“unhappy and isolated”對應,故選G。
2.C　細節句。根據空前可知,頻繁使用社交媒體的一個重要問題是將自己與他人進行比較,許多人都有“Facebook嫉妒癥”。再根據空后“漸漸地,它可能會導致自我懷疑。”并結合選項的中心點可知,選項C提到的“導致對自己不滿意”與上下文所述內容一致,切合文意,且C項中的關鍵詞“dissatisfaction with themselves”與上文中的envy和下文中的self-doubt相呼應,C項中的“This”指的是上文提到的“Facebook envy”。故選C。
3.E　細節句。根據空前內容(社交媒體也會讓真正的友誼難以形成。當我們在網上看到別人玩得開心時,持續的在線互動可能會讓我們感到孤獨和被遺忘)并結合選項的中心點可知,選項E“建立真正的線下友誼很重要”承接上文,和上文是因果關系,切合文意,且E項中的關鍵詞“genuine offline relationships”與上文中的“real friendships”相呼應。故選E。
4.D　細節句。根據空前內容(高質量的睡眠對心理健康至關重要,但睡前過度使用手機會嚴重影響睡眠。社交媒體內容引發的焦慮和嫉妒會讓我們的大腦保持警覺,難以入睡)并結合選項的中心點可知,選項D“另外,屏幕發出的藍光影響我們的睡眠”與上文內容一致,都與睡眠相關,是對前句的進一步敘述,也是在說社交媒體對睡眠的影響,切合文意,且D項中的關鍵詞“affects our sleep”與上文中的“Quality sleep”“making it challenging to fall asleep”對應。故選D。
5.B　細節句。根據空后內容(然而,它也可以改變我們回憶生活的方式)并結合選項的中心點可知,選項B“社交媒體提供一種便利的方式來記錄回憶”與空后內容一致,都與回憶相關,切合文意,且B項中的“record memories”與空后的“recall our life”相呼應。故選B。
Ⅲ.完形填空
語篇解讀　本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了一名來自阿富汗的在北京上學的研究生Aryan學習中國書法的經歷以及他在學習書法過程中得到的一些關于漢字和中國文化的感悟。
1.A　句意:他目前在北京讀研究生,主修漢語國際教育。根據空前的“a graduate student”和空后的“in International Education of Chinese Language”可推斷此處是在說該學生主修什么專業。major in主修;settle in適應,安頓下來;bring in引進;result in導致。故選A。
2.C　句意:在中國待的六年里,他發現了中國文化的豐富多彩。根據空后的“He also realized”以及“more people around the world want to communicate smoothly in Chinese”可推斷此處說的是中國文化好的方面。problem問題;pattern模式;richness豐富;resource資源。結合選項可知C項最符合語境,故選C。
3.C　根據后文的“more people around the world want to communicate smoothly in Chinese”可知,世界上越來越多的人希望用漢語進行順暢的交流,說明漢語正在穩步成為一門國際語言。native本土的;official官方的;international國際的;formal正式的。故選C。
4.D　后文的“The school organizes extracurricular 　5　 to help them experience 　6　 and culture.”提到學校組織課外的……,說明課程不僅僅局限于課堂,還超越了課堂。go against違背;take up開始從事;take over接管;go beyond超越。故選D。
5.B　根據上文“The school organizes extracurricular”和下文“to help them experience 　6　 and culture”可知,此處指學校組織課外活動。conference會議;activity活動;subject科目,主題;competition比賽,競賽。故選B。
6.B　根據后文“and culture”以及上文提到的組織課外活動并結合選項可知此處表示體驗生活(life)和文化。economy 經濟;work工作;pleasure快樂。故選B。
7.D　根據后文“with Chinese culture, Aryan found his hobby: calligraphy”及語境可知,經過更深入接觸中國文化,Aryan發現了自己的愛好:書法。cooperation合作;content內容;combination結合;contact接觸,聯系。故選D。
8.A　此處是說,后來,Aryan發現書法可以幫助他提高他的漢語水平,加強他對中國文化的了解。根據空前的“could help me”和空后的“my Chinese language skills and my understanding of Chinese culture”并結合語境和選項可知此處指書法對“我”的正向影響,A項(改善,提高)符合語境。故選A。recognize識別;adjust調整;find找到。
9.A　句意:他曾經認為漢字只要寫得整齊就行。idea后是that引導的同位語從句,指的是idea的內容。根據下文的“But he later found out that this view is”和“Calligraphy helps him to understand both each stroke and Chinese people's 　11　 toward life.”尤其是其中的But可知,idea的內容是他的觀點,他后來發現他這個觀點與事實不符。由此可知此處指他曾持有這樣的觀點,hold the idea that...表示“認為……”。故選A。oppose反對;break違反,打破;suspect懷疑。
10.C　上文提到他曾經認為漢字只要寫得整齊就行,下文則說書法可以幫助他了解每一個筆畫和中國人的生活態度,由此可知他之前的觀點是錯誤的。positive積極的;contradictory相互矛盾的;wrong錯誤的;objective 客觀的。 故選C。
11.C　句意:書法幫助他了解每一個筆畫和中國人的生活態度。direction方向;step步驟;attitude態度;effort努力。結合語境和選項可知C項(態度)最符合此處語境,attitude toward表示“對……的態度”。故選C。
12.B　句意:橫、豎、撇、捺的筆畫代表了中國人獨特的符號和記憶。supply供應;represent代表;sense感覺到;recall回想起。結合語境和選項可知B項(代表)最符合此處語境。故選B。
13.D　句意:它們也是更好地理解中國文化的隱藏要訣。conservation保護;admission承認,準許進入,入場費;reaction反應;key關鍵,要訣,鑰匙。the key to表示“……的要訣/鑰匙”。故選D。
14.D　根據后文“of Chinese characters”以及上文提到他對書法的感悟可知,此處指他對漢字有了更深入的了解。function功能,作用;ability能力;form形式;knowledge了解。故選D。
15.A　根據前文“Calligraphy gives him strength when he feels”和后文“and lost”可知,此處指和lost(失落的)性質、感彩類似的詞。stressed焦慮的;inspired受鼓舞的;determined堅定的;interrupted中斷的。A項最符合語境,指感到焦慮和失落,故選A。

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