資源簡介

第5單元　歷史、社會與文化
限時訓練3
限時40分鐘
Ⅰ　閱讀理解
A
　　Each morning at 6 o'clock, even on weekends, Kamaljeet Singh, 57, is up and out of the house. He starts by spending three hours helping distribute food to nearly two dozen drop-off locations across Delhi, India, and then checks on the many facilities run by the volunteer organization he leads with his brother, Premjit. The organization, Veerji Ka Dera, was founded in 1989 by their father, Trilokchan Singh.
Trilokchan and his helpers began supporting one of India's most underserved groups: the migrant workers who came to Delhi from rural areas. It started with a free breakfast, and eventually the group was also providing basic first aid for minor, often job-related, injuries. During this time, Trilokchan would begin his days as early as 4 o'clock in the morning, then go to his paid job 5 hours later, and end each day by volunteering in the evening.
After his death, Kamaljeet and Premjit, inspired by their father's lifetime of service, took over the organization. “We are continuing his legacy of helping the poorest of the poor,” says Premjit, 61. “Our aim is that no one goes hungry and uncared for in Delhi.”
Veerji Ka Dera now feeds about 2,500 daily wage workers and homeless people a day, in addition to providing basic medical care for as many as 500 people. The group operates a main building in West Delhi, several rented farms—growing crops such as wheat, mustard, millet and rice—an old people's home and clinics. It even operates an animal shelter housing a few hundred rescued cows and buffalo.
It's all made possible by the roughly 250 families who volunteer their time to cook, drive, nurse, farm and clean. Kamaljeet and his wife, Raminder, juggle their volunteer work with managing their security-camera installation (設備) company, and they get help from their son and daughter-in-law, too. His other adult children, who now live abroad, have volunteered in the past, as have Premjit's kids.
Despite the size and scope of the organization, the brothers claim it causes them no stress. Kamaljeet says spending time with his brother and the volunteers—especially young people—is “the best”.
1.What can we learn about Kamaljeet from Paragraph 1
A.He sets up Veerji Ka Dera.
B.He is fond of getting up early.
C.He routinely helps those in need.
D.He can have a rest on weekends.
2.What is the author's purpose in mentioning Trilokchan
A.To comment on his work.
B.To compare his work with his sons'.
C.To show his influence on his sons.
D.To describe his tough living conditions.
3.What does the underlined word “juggle” mean in Paragraph 5
A.Combine.　　　　B.Share.
C.Connect.　　　　D.Balance.
4.What is the text mainly about
A.A caring family.　　　　B.A worthy organization.
C.A mysterious tale.　　　　D.A meaningful experience.
B
　　Ancient builders across the world created structures that are still standing today, thousands of years later. Roman builders built thick concrete sea barriers against waves. Mayan builders created great sculptures, and Chinese builders constructed walls against foreign enemies.
A growing number of scientists have been studying materials since a long time ago. They are breaking apart pieces of buildings and reading historical texts hoping to learn how they have stood for thousands of years. The research has turned up a surprising list of materials that were mixed into old buildings. They include tree bark, volcanic ash, rice and beer. These unexpected materials can have the ability to get stronger over time. Figuring out how to copy these features can have real impacts today. While some of our modern concrete has the strength to hold up very tall buildings and heavy structures, it cannot compete with the durability of these ancient materials.
Many scientists have turned to the Romans. Starting around 200 BC, the Roman Empire was building concrete structures that have stood the test of time. Even in places where seawater has been hitting structures for ages, you will find concrete basically the way it was when it was poured 2,000 years ago. They think they have found an important reason why some Roman concrete has held up structures for thousands of years. That the ancient materials have an unusual power to restore themselves and “cure” cracks (裂縫) when they form is the most shocking for them. Exactly how is not yet clear, but scientists are starting to find the reasons.
Today's builders cannot just copy the ancient processes. Even though Roman concrete lasted a long time, it couldn't hold up heavy buildings. Instead, researchers are trying to take some of the ancient materials and add them into modern mixes. People don't need to make things last quite as long as the Romans did. If we add 50 or 100 years to concrete's lifespan, we'll surely require less pulling down, less maintenance and less material in the long run.
5.What were the mentioned Roman and Chinese buildings both used for
A.Travel.　　　　B.Defence.
C.Soldier training.　　　　D.Seawater control.
6.Which word can best describe the ancient buildings
A.Long-lasting.　　　　B.Energy-efficient.
C.Delicate.　　　　D.Flexible.
7.What surprises the scientists most about the ancient building materials
A.Their large cracks.　　　　B.Their clear concrete.
C.Their internal structures.　　　　D.Their self-repairing ability.
8.What is the author's attitude to the future concrete
A.Tolerant.　　　　B.Expectant.
C.Suspicious.　　　　D.Indifferent.
Ⅱ　完形填空
　　A nine-year-old boy named Orson recently hand-delivered a letter to Number Ten. He was 　1　 that the prime minister and the government do more to 　2　 children like him.
Orson was 　3　 with hearing loss as a baby. His parents were 　4　 that it would not 　5　 him back. Orson got Auditory Verbal therapy from a charity called Auditory Verbal UK. It helped him to learn to listen and speak.
Orson said, “Being 　6　 is part of who I am and it has never 　7　 me doing anything I want to.”
According to the Royal National Institute for the Deaf(RNID), there are around 12 million adults with hearing loss and at least 50,000 children who are deaf in the UK. Orson's mum, Avril, said, “Orson is 　8　 that deaf children can learn to speak as well as a hearing child and that hearing loss should not be a barrier to deaf children achieving their 　9　.”
She added, “Only a small number of families have access to this 　10　 programme, which is why we are 　11　 Government investment.”
According to the charity Auditory Verbal UK, “Only 8% of deaf children under five in the UK can 　12　 an Auditory Verbal therapy programme.” Deaf Awareness Week this year is from 1 to 7 in May. Deaf Awareness Week 　13　 to bring to light the 　14　 that people who are deaf and those with hearing loss face. Orson and his family visited the capital to 　15　 deliver their letter ahead of Deaf Awareness Week.
1.A.approving　　　　B.arguing　　　　C.asking　　　　D.ordering
2.A.support　　　　B.understand　　　　C.protect　　　　D.satisfy
3.A.predicted　　　　B.examined　　　　C.suspected　　　　D.diagnosed
4.A.confused　　　　B.surprised　　　　C.determined　　　　D.devoted
5.A.bring　　　　B.hold　　　　C.take　　　　D.set
6.A.deaf　　　　B.painful　　　　C.abnormal　　　　D.blind
7.A.kept　　　　B.changed　　　　C.minded　　　　D.stopped
8.A.obstacle　　　　B.proof　　　　C.faith　　　　D.content
9.A.potential　　　　B.efforts　　　　C.recognition　　　　D.fame
10.A.far-reaching　　　　B.ever-changing　　　　C.life-changing　　　　D.problem-solving
11.A.calling for　　　　B.making use of　　　　C.getting hold of　　　　D.turning to
12.A.advocate　　　　B.assume　　　　C.conduct　　　　D.employ
13.A.promises　　　　B.urges　　　　C.aims　　　　D.responds
14.A.challenges　　　　B.pressure　　　　C.sympathy　　　　D.barriers
15.A.cautiously　　　　B.personally　　　　C.accidentally　　　　D.secretly
Ⅲ　書面表達
　　你校將舉辦英語演講比賽。請你以“My Favourite Traditional Chinese Food”為主題,寫一篇演講稿參賽,內容包括:
1.介紹該美食;
2.介紹喜歡的原因。
注意:寫作詞數應為80個左右。
　　Hello, everyone!　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　Thank you.
答案全解全析
限時訓練3
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
語篇解讀　本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了一個志愿者組織Veerji Ka Dera,該組織服務于從農村地區來到德里的農民工。他們的目標是:在德里,沒有人挨餓,沒有人無人照顧。
1.C　細節理解題。根據第一段中的“Each morning at 6 o'clock, even on weekends, Kamaljeet Singh...helping distribute food to nearly two dozen drop-off locations across...the volunteer organization”可知,Kamaljeet每天都是這樣忙著給困難人群分發食物,打理這個志愿者組織的事務,周末也是這樣。故選C(他常規性地幫助那些處于困境中的人)。
2.C　推理判斷題。根據第三段第一句“After his death, Kamaljeet and Premjit,inspired by their father's lifetime of service, took over the organization.”可知,作者提到這位父親是為了講述這兄弟倆是在父親的影響下從事這個慈善事業的。故選C(為了體現他對他的兒子們的影響)。
3.D　詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞后面的“their volunteer work(他們的志愿者工作)”和“managing their security-camera installation (設備) company(管理他們的安全攝像頭設備公司)”可推測,他們同時做著志愿者和管理公司這兩種工作。結合選項可知,畫線詞和balance(使平衡)意義相近,表示他們要平衡好機構的公益事業和自己的公司,兼顧兩者。故選D。A.使結合;B.分享;C.使連接。
4.B　主旨大意題。通讀全文可知,文章介紹了一個幫助困難人群的志愿者組織Veerji Ka Dera,介紹了它的發展歷程、辦公地點、參與人員、主要活動等。這個組織由Trilokchan Singh創立,他去世后由他的兩個兒子接管。他們希望德里沒有人挨餓,沒有人無人照顧。因此本文主要介紹一個值得尊敬的志愿者組織。故選B。A.一個樂于助人的家庭;C.一個神秘的故事;D.一次有意義的經歷。
易錯分析
　　本題容易錯選A項“一個樂于助人的家庭”。本文雖然提到了該家庭成員富有愛心,建立了公益組織,但是文中出現最多的關鍵詞是organization,而且也介紹了該組織的一些情況,該組織中還有其他有愛心的家庭,A項不夠全面,故不選A。
難句分析
原句　He starts by spending three hours helping distribute food to nearly two dozen drop-off locations across Delhi, India, and then checks on the many facilities run by the volunteer organization he leads with his brother, Premjit.
分析　本句是一個主從復合句。主句是“He starts by...the volunteer organization”,“he leads...Premjit”是定語從句。主句中并列連詞and連接了starts和checks兩個謂語。主句中“run by the volunteer organization”是過去分詞短語作后置定語,修飾the many facilities。
譯文　首先,他花了三個小時幫助向印度德里近二十四個物品存放處分發食物,然后檢查他和他哥哥Premjit領導的志愿者組織運營的許多設施。
B
語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了世界各地的古代建筑工人所建造的建筑在幾千年后的今天仍然屹立不倒的原因。
5.B　細節理解題。根據第一段中的“Roman builders built thick concrete sea barriers against waves. Mayan builders created great sculptures, and Chinese builders constructed walls against foreign enemies.”可知,羅馬的建筑工人建造了厚厚的混凝土防波堤,瑪雅的建筑工人創建了偉大的雕塑,中國的建筑工人建造了抵御外敵的城墻。因此,羅馬和中國的建筑都是用來起到防御作用的。故選B(防御,保護)。
6.A　推理判斷題。根據第一段中的“Ancient builders across the world created structures that are still standing today, thousands of years later.”、第二段中的“They are...hoping to learn how they have stood for thousands of years.”、第三段中的“Starting around 200 BC, the Roman Empire was building concrete structures that have stood the test of time. Even in places where...it was poured 2,000 years ago.”以及最后一段中的“Roman concrete lasted a long time”可推知,這些古建筑能夠持久存在。故選A(長期的,持久的)。B.節能的,高能效的;C.脆弱的,易損的,精美的;D.靈活的。
7.D　細節理解題。根據第三段中的“That the ancient materials have an unusual power to restore themselves and‘cure’ cracks when they form is the most shocking for them.”可知,這些古老的材料具有一種不尋常的力量,即可以在裂縫形成時自我修復,這對科學家來說是最令人震驚的。由此可知,古代建筑材料中最令科學家驚訝的是它們的自我修復能力。故選D。
8.B　推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“If we add 50 or 100 years to concrete's lifespan, we'll surely require less pulling down, less maintenance and less material in the long run.”可知,如果我們將混凝土的壽命延長50年或100年,從長遠來看,我們需要拆除的建筑肯定會更少,需要的維護和材料肯定會更少。由此可知,作者希望未來的混凝土會更結實,因此對未來混凝土的態度是期待的。故選B(期待的)。A.忍受的,寬容的;C.懷疑的;D.漠不關心的。
難句分析
原句　Even in places where seawater has been hitting structures for ages, you will find concrete basically the way it was when it was poured 2,000 years ago.
分析　本句是一個主從復合句。主句的主語是you,will find是謂語。where引導的是定語從句,先行詞是places。the way后是定語從句,when引導的是時間狀語從句。
譯文　即使在海水長期撞擊建筑物的地方,你也會發現混凝土基本上是2,000年前澆筑時的樣子。
Ⅱ.完形填空
語篇解讀　本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了在英國“聾人宣傳周”前夕,英國一名九歲的失聰兒童由家人陪同到首都唐寧街10號親自遞交書信給英國首相,尋求首相和政府給予和他一樣的聾人更多的關注和支持。
1.C　聯系下文“that the prime minister and the government do more to 　2　 children like him”可知,奧森遞交書信給英國首相,請求首相和政府給予和他一樣的聾人更多的關注和支持。approve同意; argue爭吵; ask請求; order命令。故選C。
2.A　根據語境和第五段中的“Government investment”可知此處指奧森請求政府為像他這樣的孩子提供更多的支持。support支持;understand理解;protect保護; satisfy使滿足。故選A。
3.D　根據下文“with hearing loss as a baby”和常識可知,醫生診斷其聽力損失。predict預測;examine檢查;suspect懷疑;diagnose診斷。故選D。
4.C　根據下文“Orson got Auditory Verbal therapy from a charity called Auditory Verbal UK. It helped him to learn to listen and speak.”和第四段中媽媽所說的話“hearing loss should not be a barrier to deaf children”可知,他的父母下定決心幫助他,不讓疾病阻礙他。confused困惑的;surprised驚訝的;determined下定決心的;devoted忠誠的。故選C。
5.B　根據下文“Orson got Auditory Verbal therapy from a charity called Auditory Verbal UK. It helped him to learn to listen and speak.”可知,他在慈善機構的幫助下,已經能夠聽和說,聽力受損并未阻礙他。bring back帶回;hold back妨礙進展,阻擋; take back允許……再回家;set back延誤,推遲。故選B。
6.A　根據上一段中的“Orson was diagnosed with hearing loss as a baby.”可知奧森在嬰兒時期就被診斷為聽力損失,由此可知此處是說他耳聾。deaf聾的;painful痛苦的;abnormal反常的;blind失明的。故選A。
7.D　根據第四段中的“hearing loss should not be a barrier to deaf children achieving their 　9　”可知,聽力損失并未阻礙他做任何想做的事情。keep使保持;change改變;mind介意;stop阻止。故選D。
8.B　根據第二段中的“It helped him to learn to listen and speak.”可知,他在慈善機構的幫助下,已經能夠聽和說,證明了失聰兒童可以像聽力正常的兒童一樣學習說話。所以他媽媽說他是“失聰兒童可以像聽力正常的兒童一樣學習說話”這件事的一種證明。 obstacle障礙;proof證明;faith信仰;content內容。故選B。
9.A　根據上一段中的“it has never stopped me doing anything I want to”可知,耳聾從未阻止奧森做任何他想做的事情,失聰兒童也能發揮潛力,失聰不應成為兒童發揮潛力的障礙。potential潛力;effort努力;recognition 認可;fame名聲。achieve one's potential發揮某人的潛力。故選A。
10.C　根據第二段中的“Orson got Auditory Verbal therapy from a charity called Auditory Verbal UK. It helped him to learn to listen and speak.”可知,奧森在慈善機構的幫助下,已經能夠聽和說,這改變了他的人生。因此說該機構是能夠改變人生的。far-reaching深遠的;ever-changing不斷變化的;life-changing改變人生的;problem-solving解決問題的。故選C。
11.A　只有一小部分家庭可以利用這個改變人生的項目,這就是為什么他們呼吁政府投資。call for呼吁;make use of利用;get hold of 抓住;turn to向……求助。故選A。
12.D　根據上文“Only a small number of families have access to this life-changing programme”可知,只有一小部分家庭可以利用這個改變人生的項目,此處對應上文,指在英國,只有8%的五歲以下耳聾的孩子可以利用一個這樣的項目。advocate提倡;assume 假設;conduct組織,實施;employ利用,使用。故選D。
13.C　句意:“聾人宣傳周”力求揭示耳聾的人和那些聽力損失的人所面臨的障礙。根據后文“to bring to light the　14　 that people who are deaf and those with hearing loss face”可知,這是英國設定“聾人宣傳周”的目的。promise承諾;urge敦促;aim力求達到,力爭做到;respond回應。故選C。
14.D　句意同上。根據第四段中的“hearing loss should not be a barrier to deaf children”可知,此處指耳聾的人和那些聽力損失的人所面臨的障礙(barriers),故選D。barriers為原詞復現。challenge挑戰;pressure壓力;sympathy 同情。
15.B　根據文章首句“A nine-year-old boy named Orson recently hand-delivered a letter to Number Ten.”可知,hand-delivered為提示詞,提示他親自遞交了他們的信件。cautiously謹慎地;personally親自地;accidentally 意外地;secretly秘密地。故選B。
難句分析
原句　Orson is proof that deaf children can learn to speak as well as a hearing child and that hearing loss should not be a barrier to deaf children achieving their potential.
分析　本句是一個主從復合句。proof后是and連接的兩個that引導的并列的同位語從句,解釋說明proof的內容。
譯文　奧森證明,失聰兒童可以跟聽力正常的兒童一樣學好說話,聽力損失不應成為失聰兒童發揮潛力的障礙。
Ⅲ.書面表達
寫作指導
One possible version:
Hello, everyone! Today I'm excited to share with you my passion for traditional Chinese food, specifically tofu.【點明主題】
Tofu is made from soybeans and has impressed me with its taste and health benefits. It can be enjoyed in various forms, each offering a distinct taste. Its ability to absorb flavors makes it great in various recipes, from fried tofu to tofu soup. Besides, tofu is also a fantastic source of protein, low in calories and fat, making it an ideal choice for those seeking a nutritious and balanced meal.【具體介紹】
In short, tofu's adaptability, health advantages and taste make it my favourite traditional Chinese food. I encourage you all to give it a try.【總結,歡迎品嘗】
Thank you.
佳作亮點
1.重點詞匯
①passion n.酷愛;激情
②impress v.給……留下深刻印象
③benefit n.好處;優勢
④in various forms以多種形式
⑤distinct adj.截然不同的;清晰的
⑥fantastic adj.極好的;了不起的
⑦balanced adj.均衡的
⑧in short總之,簡言之
⑨adaptability n.適應性
⑩advantage n.優點;優勢,有利條件
2.精彩句式
①It can be enjoyed in various forms, each offering a distinct taste.(獨立主格:代詞+現在分詞)豆腐可以以各種形式享用,每一種都有截然不同的味道。
②Besides, tofu is also a fantastic source of protein, low in calories and fat, making it an ideal choice for those seeking a nutritious and balanced meal.(making是現在分詞作結果狀語;seeking是現在分詞作定語)此外,豆腐也是蛋白質的絕佳來源,熱量和脂肪都很低,是那些尋求營養豐富、均衡膳食的人的理想選擇。
寫作積累
演講稿常用開頭語
①It is my great honour to be here to deliver my speech, whose topic is “Enjoying Chinese Festivals”.我很榮幸能在這里發表我的演講,我的演講主題是“享受中國節日”。
②My name is Li Ping.Today I am very glad to have the opportunity to make this presentation.I shall be speaking about what we can do to protect the environment.我是李萍。今天我很高興能有機會做這個演講。我演講的內容是我們能為保護環境做些什么。
③It's my honour to stand here and say something about how to study English well.我很榮幸能站在這里談談如何學好英語。

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