資源簡介

主題語境三　人與自然
第7單元　自然生態與環境保護
限時訓練1　并列復合句和主從復合句
限時55分鐘
考點　鞏固練
考點1　并列復合句
1.The whodunits may be imaginary, 　　　　　 they provide a real-world alternative for young Chinese people who spend increasing amounts of time on their screens.
2.However, large parts of these walls were damaged in the earthquake and long sections now show deep cracks 　　　　　 other parts have collapsed.
3.The children must have got lost in the woods,　　　　　they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.
4.In any unsafe situation, simply press the button 　　　　　 a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.
5.He was going to be late,　　　　　 instead of taking the bus, he took a taxi.
6.He hung on for a few minutes and screamed for his father, 　　　　　his father didn't hear him. (2022新高考Ⅱ改編)
7.Eat more healthy food, 　　　　　 you'll break down sooner or later.
8.There were many people waiting at the bus stop, 　　　　　some of them looked very anxious and disappointed.
考點2　名詞性從句
9.　　　　　 scientists from Massachusetts Eye and Ear, a specialist teaching hospital in the US, have found is that your nose cells produce not only mucus, but also tiny sacs (囊) called exosomes.
10.They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists. This is 　　　　　 they need an English trainer.(2023新課標Ⅱ)
11.Cobb started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak 　　　　　 she could do so remotely.(2022浙江1月改編)
12.Mental health involves　　　　　 you process things such as stress and anxiety.(2022天津)
13.The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about 　　　　　 she lived.(2021北京)
14.While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence 　　　　　 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. (2019全國Ⅰ)
15.I'm not sure 　　　　　 is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears out of nowhere.
考點3　定語從句
16.Before the earthquake, it was a cultural center for the city 　　　　　 dancers and storytellers performed.
17.Yuan Longping, a renowned Chinese scientist 　　　　　 devoted his life to developing high-yielding rice, made significant contributions to improving rice quality.
18.The waiter handed me a menu, but it was predominantly written in Chinese, 　　　　　characters were completely beyond my comprehension.
19.Yet, the form of the fable still has values today,　　　　　 Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”(2023全國甲)
20.But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place 　　　　　 welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.(2023全國乙)
21.The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species 　　　　　 live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. (2022新高考Ⅰ)
22.On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, 　　　　　 lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. (2022全國甲)
23.May 30, 2023 is a memorable day,　　　　　 the Shenzhou XVI manned spaceship was launched successfully.
24.I decided that if I learned of a company　　　　　 used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back. (2021新高考Ⅱ)
25.Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,　　　　　she opened with her late husband Les. (2019全國Ⅱ)
26.The documents are available to the younger generation of communities from 　　　　　 the materials were originally collected.
27.The students benefitting most from college are those 　　　　　 are totally engaged(參與) in academic life, taking full advantage of the college's chances and resources(資源).(2019北京)
28.Written Chinese has also become an important means by 　　　　　 China's present is connected with its past.
29.Scientists have searched for a long time for a reason 　　　　　 so many bees are disappearing.
30.Pet owners are required to obtain a dog license,　　　　　 includes registration information such as the owner's information and the dog breed.
考點4　狀語從句
31.　　　　　 cities may appear more complicated, there are also more clues to help travelers find their ways, such as numbered streets.
32.The disagreement was so sharp 　　　　　 neither he nor I knew how to settle it.(2022全國甲)
33.We all need to get involved in saving energy 　　　　　 it's at work, at home, or at school.(2021天津3月)
34.Feeling fearful is healthy 　　　　　 it helps you slow down and evaluate risks properly.(2021天津)
35.　　　　　 he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(傳奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river. (2020全國Ⅲ)
36.After that I poured oil into a pan and turned on the stove. I waited patiently 　　　　　 the oil was hot.(2020全國Ⅰ)
37.Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents' opinions 　　　　　 he wants their support.(2019天津)
38.　　　　　 we don't stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.
39.Located 　　　　　 the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.
40.　　　　　the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
綜合　強化練
單句語法填空
1.The main trend in the development of Chinese characters is　　　　　 complex characters are replaced by simpler forms.
2.　　　　　 the family were sleeping, Dad was preparing breakfast in the kitchen.
3.　　　　　 you'll gain knowledge successfully or not depends on how hard you will work.
4.Actually, I started to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, 　　　　　 I have long been out of practice.(2020全國Ⅱ)
5.The audience like these TV competitions　　　　　the participants are given a chance to break out of their everyday life and become special.
6.Oliver says if you're lucky enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them 　　　　　 you can join in when it's possible.(2020北京)
7.BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool 　　　　　 gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.(2021浙江1月)
8.What students do at college seems to matter much more than 　　　　　 they go.(2019北京)
9.The name literally means “Dragon's Backbone” due to the fact that the rice terraces look just like a dragon's scales,　　　　　 the mountain's summit resembles the backbone.
10.As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly　　　　　 thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
11.Finally I want to express my hope 　　　　　 all the young fellows can make full use of time, because time and tide wait for no man.
12.But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 　　　　　 I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
13.On our way to the house, it was raining so hard 　　　　　 we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get there. (2019全國Ⅲ)
14.In one club in Beijing, for example, players enter a fictional martial arts school　　　　　 they wear costumes and assume roles like a peach fairy or a dragon.
15.The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman 　　　　　 hair color looked just perfect.(2023全國乙)
16.　　　　　 you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.
17.The fear is that 　　　　　 we don't start taking this litter out of the sky soon, it will become a significant threat to active satellites.
18.It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives(視角) from　　　　　 we can study how people manage their lives.
19.I have long been interested in space exploration　　　　　 I believe I could learn a great deal from him about it.
20.But Sarah, 　　　　　 has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
21.　　　　　 Mary loved flowers, neither she nor her husband was known as a gardener.(2021浙江)
素養　提升練
語法填空
A
　　The ginkgo (銀杏) tree is thought to be one of the oldest living trees, 1.　　　　　 (date) back to more than 290 million years ago. It is native 2.　　　　　 China, Japan, South Korea and North Korea, but it is also now grown in Europe and the United States. The earliest records of ginkgoes are found in Chinese biology literature such as Compendium of Materia Medica.
Ginkgoes are large trees, 3.　　　　　 (normal) reaching a height of 20-35 meters, with some in China being over 50 meters. The adult tree has a large crown and long branches, 4.　　　　　 it is usually deep-rooted and resistant to wind and snow damage. With a combination of 5.　　　　　 (resistant) to diseases and insects, some of the trees 6.　　　　　 (claim) to be more than 2,500 years old.
With fan-shaped leaves, ginkgoes are green both on the top and bottom. But during autumn, they turn bright yellow and then fall, which makes up 7.　　　　　 beautiful scene. Ginkgoes come in two sexes, with some trees being female and others male. The fruit has a soft, fleshy and yellow-brown outer layer 8.　　　　　 is attractive in appearance.
Because ginkgoes 9.　　　　　 (be) around for so long, people have used them for many purposes. It's commonly used for memory and thought problems, vision problems and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence 10.　　　　　 (support) most of these uses.
B
　　It has been estimated that rapidly growing modernization is leading to ignorance of the environment. Humans have created a situation in 11.　　　　　 ordinary events be increasingly raised to the level of natural disasters, 12.　　　　　 (cause) heavy losses in terms of human life as well as property.
Over the years, scientists researching on this topic 13.　　　　　 (find) that the main problem is global warming. But because 14.　　　　　 human greed, no one is really caring about the environmental risks and everyone is busy making money.
It is known that the rapid industrial growth has led to 15.　　　　　 large number of air and water pollution problems. Though there are environmental laws that these 16.　　　　　 (industry) need to follow to treat the waste most of the time the industry owners ignore these laws for their personal gain. Rapid construction has led to large land areas being covered with cement(水泥), meaning the flow of water becomes so strong 17.　　　　　 water run-off can't get absorbed by the soil, eventually leading to greater flooding.
18.　　　　　 (fortunate), there are still a lot of people who really care about the environment and are 19.　　　　　 (will) to work on environmental issues. Many societies and groups are working day and night 20.　　　　　 (make) people aware of the harmful effects of the pollution and other practices that are harmful to our environment.
答案全解全析
主題語境三　人與自然
第7單元　自然生態與環境保護
限時訓練1　并列復合句和主從復合句
考點鞏固練
考點1并列復合句
1.but　句意:這些偵探小說可能是虛構的,但它們為在屏幕上花費越來越多時間的中國年輕人提供了一個現實世界的選擇。由句意可知,前后兩個分句之間構成轉折關系,所以空處填連詞but。
2.while　句意:然而,這些墻的大部分在地震中遭到破壞,現在很長的部分出現了深深的裂縫,而其他部分已經倒塌。根據句意可知,前后文是對比關系。故填while。
3.or　句意:孩子們一定是在樹林里迷路了,否則他們會如期到達湖邊的營地。分析語境可知,前后兩個分句表示相反的情況,or意為“否則,不然”,所以用連詞or。
4.and　句意:在任何不安全的情況下,只要按下按鈕,訓練有素的代理人將為您提供所需的幫助。分析該句結構可知,該句使用了“祈使句+and+陳述句”句型,故填and。
5.so　句意:他快遲到了,所以他沒有坐公交車,而是打了一輛出租車。根據句意可知,設空處前文表示原因,后文表示結果,為因果關系,故用so連接并列分句。故填so。
6.but　句意:他堅持了幾分鐘,尖叫著喊他的父親,但他的父親沒有聽到。根據句意可知,前后分句之間是轉折關系,應用表示轉折的連詞but。故填but。
7.or　句意:多吃健康食品,不然你的身體遲早會垮掉。該句使用了“祈使句+or+陳述句”句型,表示“……否則……”,故填or。
8.and　句意:有很多人在公共汽車站等車,其中一些人看起來很焦慮和失望。根據many people waiting和looked very anxious and disappointed判斷,前后分句之間是順承關系。and連接兩個分句,表示順承關系。故填and。
考點2名詞性從句
9.What　句意:來自美國的一家專科教學醫院,麻省眼耳醫院的科學家發現,你的鼻子細胞不僅會分泌黏液,還會產生一種叫做外泌體的小囊。分析句子結構可知,此處引導主語從句,從句中缺少賓語,應用連接代詞what引導,意為“……的事物”。句首單詞首字母大寫,故填What。
10.why　句意:他們還需要準備好用英語接受國際記者的采訪。這就是他們需要英語培訓師的原因。分析句子結構可知,空處引導表語從句,從句中句子成分完整,應該用連接副詞引導,此處是表達“這就是他們需要英語培訓師的原因”之意,應用why引導表語從句。故填why。
11.if/whether　句意:Cobb開始向邀請她發言的會議組織者詢問她是否可以遠程發言。本句為主從復合句,本句的句子結構分析如下:
to ask conference organizers
(
“ask sb. sth.”,ask后接雙賓語,故空處引導賓語從句,根據語境可知,問的是“是否可以遠程發言”,故填if或whether。
易錯分析
　　該題題干中who invited her to speak為who引導的定語從句,修飾先行詞conference organizers,考生可能因為不能分析該句結構而寫錯答案。
12.how　句意:心理健康包括如何處理諸如壓力和焦慮之類的事物。分析句子結構可知,此處為連接詞引導的賓語從句,作謂語動詞involves的賓語,從句中不缺少主語和賓語,但句意不完整,表示“如何,怎樣”的連接副詞how符合語境。故填how。
13.where　句意:這個可憐的婦人不能給他提供任何關于她住在哪里的信息。分析句子結構可知,設空處引導賓語從句,賓語從句中缺少地點狀語,where“……的地方”符合語境,故填where。
14.that　句意:雖然它們很少出現在北緯88度以北,但有證據表明,它們的活動范圍橫跨北極,向南遠至加拿大的詹姆斯灣。主句為there be句型,且結構完整,空格后為同位語從句,解釋說明中心詞evidence的內容,故填that。
15.who　句意:我不知道誰更害怕,是我還是那只不知從哪兒突然冒出來的雌性大猩猩。分析句子結構可知,設空處引導賓語從句,從句中缺少主語,逗號后面是me or the female gorilla,因此用who。故填who。
考點3定語從句
16.where　句意:地震前,它是城市文化中心,舞蹈演員和說書人在這里表演。此處引導定語從句,先行詞a cultural center是地點,關系詞在定語從句中作地點狀語。故填where。
聯想拓展
　　表示模糊的地點和抽象意義的地點(常見的先行詞有race, job, activity, case, atmosphere, situation, point, position, stage, degree等)充當先行詞時,用where引導定語從句。如:Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.學生們應該參與社區活動,在這些活動中他們可以獲得成長的經驗。
17.who/that　句意:袁隆平是中國著名的科學家,他畢生致力于發展高產水稻,為改善稻米品質做出了重大貢獻。分析句子結構可知,空處引導定語從句,修飾先行詞scientist,指人,關系詞在從句中作主語,所以應用who或that引導。故填who或that。
18.whose　句意:服務員遞給我一份菜單,但它主要是用中文寫的,我完全看不懂漢字。分析句子可知,空處引導非限制性定語從句,修飾先行詞Chinese,其與characters是所屬關系,關系詞替代先行詞在從句中作定語,用關系代詞whose,故填whose。
19.as　句意:然而,正如蕾切爾·卡遜在《明天的寓言》中所說,寓言的形式在現在仍然具有價值。分析句子結構可知,設空處引導非限制性定語從句,且有“正如”之意,用關系代詞as引導。故填as。
聯想拓展
　　which與as引導非限制性定語從句的區別
which as
位置上 只能放在先行詞的后面 位置靈活,可位于句前、句中,也可置于句后
搭配上 無動詞的限制 謂語動詞通常是表示感覺或心理活動的動詞,如see, hear, know, expect, remember, guess, hope等
句意上 表示“這一點” 表示“正如/正像……”
20.which/that　句意:但是,除了古建筑,北京也是一個樂于接受現代生活快節奏發展的地方,21世紀的建筑奇跡與過去的歷史建筑并存。分析句子結構可知,設空處引導定語從句,先行詞為a place,指物,在定語從句中充當主語,所以用關系代詞which或that引導。故填which或that。
21.that　句意:大熊貓國家公園旨在為生活在大熊貓棲息地的所有物種提供更有力的保護,并顯著改善該地區的生態系統健康。分析句子結構可知,設空處引導限制性定語從句,先行詞為species,指物,關系詞在定語從句中作主語,且先行詞前面有all修飾,只能用關系代詞that。故填that。
易錯分析
　　 該題容易誤填which。當先行詞由不定代詞all修飾時,關系代詞用 that,不用which?？忌鶗驗椴恢来酥R點而出錯。
歸納總結
　　只用that 不用which的情況的口訣:very、only序最高,人物、不定that好。即先行詞指物被the very、the only、序數詞、形容詞或副詞最高級修飾時,或者先行詞既包括人也包括物時,或者先行詞指物且是不定代詞或被不定代詞修飾時,定語從句用that引導。
22.who　句意:曹晟康在八歲時因一場車禍失明,他在長達一千一百千米的旅程中,跨過了三個省的四十個縣市。分析句子結構可知,設空處引導非限制性定語從句,先行詞為Cao Shengkang,指人,關系詞在從句中作主語,應用關系代詞who引導。故填who。
23.when　句意:2023年5月30日是一個值得紀念的日子,在這一天神舟十六號載人飛船成功發射。設空處引導非限制性定語從句,修飾先行詞day,且從句中缺少時間狀語,應用關系副詞when來引導定語從句,故填when。
24.that/which　句意:我決定,如果我知道有哪家公司使用大量塑料,我就給它發郵件,敦促它減少使用塑料。分析句子結構可知,設空處引導定語從句,修飾先行詞a company,指物,且關系詞在從句中作主語,用關系代詞that或which引導該從句,故填that或which。
25.which　句意:現在艾琳·阿斯特伯里每天上午九點到下午五點在麥克爾斯菲爾德的寵物店里工作,這家店是她和已故丈夫萊斯一起開的。分析句子結構可知,設空處引導非限制性定語從句,先行詞為the pet shop,指物,關系詞在非限制性定語從句中作opened的賓語,故填which。
26.whom　考查定語從句。句意:這些文件向社區的年輕一代開放,這些材料最初就是從他們那里收集來的。先行詞為the younger generation of communities,指人,關系詞在從句中作from的賓語,用關系代詞whom。故填whom。
27.who　句意:從大學中獲益最多的學生是那些完全投入到學術生活中,充分利用大學的機會和資源的學生。分析句子結構可知,設空處引導定語從句,先行詞為those,指人,且關系詞在從句中作主語,故填who。
28.which　句意:書面漢語也已經成為聯系中國現在與過去的重要手段。分析句子結構可知,設空處引導限制性定語從句,修飾先行詞means,指物,通常和介詞by搭配,表示“通過……方式”,因此應用“介詞+關系代詞”,即by which引導定語從句。故填which。
29.why　句意:科學家們長期以來一直在尋找這么多蜜蜂正在消失的原因。分析句子結構可知,設空處引導定語從句,修飾先行詞reason,且關系詞在從句中作原因狀語,應用關系副詞why引導定語從句,故填why。
30.which　句意:寵物的主人必須獲得養狗許可證,證書上包括注冊信息,如主人的信息和狗的品種。分析句子結構可知,設空處引導非限制性定語從句,先行詞為a dog license,指物,且從句中缺少主語,所以應用關系代詞which引導。故填which。
考點4狀語從句
31.Although/Though/While　句意:雖然城市可能看起來更復雜,但也有更多的線索幫助旅行者找到他們的路,例如,編號的街道。分析句子可知,設空處后面為一個從句,結合句意可知,這個從句與后面主句的內容構成讓步關系,可用although、though或while引導讓步狀語從句,均是“雖然”之意,設空處位于句首,首字母需大寫。故填Although、Though或While。
32.that　句意:這個分歧如此尖銳,以至于他和我都不知道如何解決它。so...that...意為“如此……以至于……”,引導結果狀語從句。故填that。
33.whether　句意:無論是在工作中,在家里,還是在學校,我們都需要參與到節約能源中來。該空需要一個連詞引導讓步狀語從句,根據句意及后面的or可知,此處表示“無論……還是……”,whether符合題意。故填whether。
聯想拓展
　　whether和if在引導賓語從句時,經?？梢曰Q,但與or not直接連用時只能用whether,從句作介詞賓語時只能用whether。在引導主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句時一般用whether不用if。
34.because/since/as　句意:感到恐懼是有益于健康的,因為它能幫助你慢下來,正確評估風險。主句提到healthy(有益于健康的),從句部分則具體描述為何感到恐懼是有益于健康的,由此可知,空處引導原因狀語從句,應用because、since或as。故填because、since或as。
35.As/When　句意:當他問河岸上的村民,他在哪里可以找到這位傳奇的畫家時,他們笑著指向河的下游。設空處引導時間狀語從句,表示“當……時”,且從句中動詞asked為非延續性動詞,不能用while引導,故應用as或when引導。句首單詞首字母要大寫。故填As或When。
36.until/till　句意:在那之后,我將油倒進平底鍋里并打開爐子。我耐心等待,直到油燒熱。此處是指“直到”油燒熱,應使用until或till引導時間狀語從句,故填until或till。
37.unless　句意:湯姆是如此獨立,以至于他從來不征求父母的意見,除非他想得到他們的支持。根據設空處前后句意可知,設空處引導條件狀語從句,表示“除非”,unless意為“除非,如果不”,故填unless。
38.If　句意:如果我們不阻止氣候變化,世界上的很多動植物將會消失。動植物不消失的前提是阻止氣候變化。if意為“如果”,引導條件狀語從句。故填If。
39.where　句意:江蘇地處“一帶”和“一路”的交匯處,將為“一帶一路”建設作出更大貢獻?！癰e located in+地點名詞”意為“位于/坐落在某地”,where引導的地點狀語從句在此處相當于in someplace。故填where。
40.as　句意:隨著人口的增長,人們開始把食物切成小塊,這樣可以煮得快一點。as是連詞,意為“隨著”,引導時間狀語從句,故填as。
綜合強化練
1.that　考查名詞性從句。句意:漢字發展的主要趨勢是繁體字被簡體字取代。分析句子結構可知,設空處引導表語從句,從句不缺少成分且句意完整,故填that。
2.While　考查狀語從句。句意:當全家人在睡覺時,爸爸正在廚房準備早餐。分析題干可知,主句和從句的動作是同時進行的,所以空格處填引導時間狀語從句的連詞while,設空處位于句首,所填詞首字母應大寫。故填While。
3.Whether　考查名詞性從句。句意:你是否能成功地獲得知識取決于你工作的努力程度。分析句子結構可知,設空處引導主語從句,和or not連用,表示“能否”,應用whether引導主語從句。設空處位于句首,所填詞首字母應大寫。故填Whether。
4.but/yet　考查并列復合句。句意:實際上,我七歲的時候就開始學功夫了,但我很久沒有練習了?？涨疤岬健拔移邭q的時候開始學功夫”,空后提到“很久沒有練習了”。設空處前后應是轉折關系。故填but或yet。
5.because/since/as　考查狀語從句。句意:觀眾喜歡這些電視比賽,因為參賽者有機會跳出他們的日常生活,變得特別。分析設空處前后句意可知,前后內容構成因果關系,所以設空處引導原因狀語從句,可用because、since或者as,三者都是“因為”之意,都可引導原因狀語從句。故填because、since或as。
6.if/whether　考查名詞性從句。句意:奧利弗說,如果你足夠幸運,身邊有喜歡做飯的人,那就問問他們,如果可能的話,你能不能加入。分析句子成分可知,設空處引導賓語從句,從句成分完整,但缺“是否”的意思,故填if或whether。
7.that/which　考查定語從句。句意:BMI是一種國際公認的測量工具,它可以顯示一個人的體重是否健康。分析句子結構可知,設空處引導定語從句,tool是先行詞,指物,且關系詞在從句中作主語,故填that或which。
8.where　考查名詞性從句。句意:學生在大學里做什么似乎比去哪里(哪所大學)更重要。分析句子結構可知,設空處引導賓語從句,作介詞than的賓語,賓語從句中缺地點狀語。故填where。
9.while　考查并列復合句。句意:這個名字的字面意思是“龍脊”,因為梯田看起來就像龍鱗,而山頂就像脊梁骨。根據句意可知,while意為“而”,對比兩件事物,the rice terraces look just like a dragon's scales和the mountain's summit resembles the backbone之間為對比關系。故填while。
10.how　考查名詞性從句。句意:作為自然的建筑師,普韋布洛的印第安人很清楚土坯墻需要多厚才能保證在大多數日子里循環正常運行。 “　　　　　thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days”是賓語從句,作figured out的賓語。 由句意可知,該從句要用how引導。 how修飾形容詞thick,意為“多么”。故填how。
11.that　考查名詞性從句。句意:最后,我想表達我的愿望,希望所有的年輕人都能充分利用時間,因為歲月不等人。分析句子結構可知,all the young fellows can make full use of time是對名詞hope內容的解釋,故此處是同位語從句。從句不缺任何成分,故用that引導同位語從句。故填that。
技巧點撥
　　that引導同位語從句和定語從句的區別:
同位語從句是對前面的名詞做進一步解釋,引導詞that只起連接作用,不可省略;定語從句是對前面的名詞進行修飾、限制,that在從句中可以作主語、賓語和表語,作賓語時可以省略,有時可用which代替。試比較:
①The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他們贏得比賽的消息很快傳遍了整個校園。(同位語從句)
②The news (that/which) you told me yesterday was really disappointing.你昨天告訴我的那個消息真令人失望。(定語從句)
12.when　考查定語從句。句意:但我與大熊貓的聯系可追溯到20世紀80年代中期我做一檔電視節目的日子,當時我是第一個獲準拍攝一個照料在野生環境下被從饑餓中拯救的大熊貓的特別單元的西方電視臺記者。分析句子結構可知,設空處引導非限制性定語從句,先行詞為the mid-1980s,關系詞在定語從句中作時間狀語,應用關系副詞when引導。故填when。
13.that　考查狀語從句。句意:在我們去那座房子的路上,雨下得如此大以至于我們忍不住想知道還要多久才能到達那里。so...that...意為“如此……以至于……”,引導結果狀語從句。故填that。
歸納總結
　　so that引導目的狀語從句,so...that...引導結果狀語從句,such...that...引導結果狀語從句。such...that... 如此……以至于……,在該句型中such是限定詞,它所修飾的名詞可以是可數名詞,也可以是不可數名詞;名詞前面可以帶形容詞,也可以不帶。如果其后是單數可數名詞,前面需加不定冠詞a或an。so...that... 如此……以至于……,so是副詞,與形容詞或副詞連用,其結構是:so+adj./adv.+that從句。例:I am so sleepy that I can hardly keep my eyes open. 我太困了,眼睛幾乎睜不開了。so that... 以便……,以致……,用so that(=in order that)引導目的狀語從句時常與情態動詞連用,當主句和從句主語一致時可轉換為so as to do/in order to do。so that引導結果狀語從句一般不與情態動詞連用。例:He turned up the TV a little so that he could hear the news clearly.=He turned up the TV a little so as to hear the news clearly. 他把電視的音量調大了一些,以便能清楚地聽到新聞。(目的狀語從句)
14.where　考查定語從句。句意:例如,在北京的一個俱樂部里,玩家們進入一個虛構的武術學校,在那里他們穿著戲服,扮演桃仙或龍之類的角色。分析句子結構可知,設空處引導限制性定語從句,修飾先行詞 fictional martial arts school,關系詞在定語從句中作地點狀語,所以用關系副詞where引導。故填where。
15.whose　考查定語從句。句意:她選的顏色裝在一個盒子里,盒子里有一張女人的照片,那個女人的頭發顏色看起來非常完美。分析句子結構可知,設空處引導限制性定語從句,先行詞是woman,其與hair color之間是所屬關系,應用關系代詞whose引導。故填whose。
16.Unless　考查狀語從句。句意:除非你睡得好,否則一兩個晚上之后,你就會無法集中注意力,無法做計劃,也無法保持動力了。根據句意可知,設空處引導條件狀語從句,表示“除非”,unless意為“除非,如果不”。設空處位于句首,所填詞首字母應大寫。故填Unless。
17.if　考查狀語從句。句意:擔憂是如果我們不盡快將這種垃圾帶出太空,它將對現役衛星構成重大威脅。整個句子是主系表結構,The fear是主語,that引導表語從句,空處引導條件狀語從句,表示“如果”,應用if。故填if。
18.which　考查定語從句。句意:我們希望在未來的幾十年里,科學的進步將為研究人們如何管理自己的生活提供新的視角。分析句子結構可知,“介詞from+設空處”引導限制性定語從句,修飾先行詞perspectives,指物。故填which。
19.and　考查并列復合句。句意:我一直對太空探索感興趣,并且我相信我可以從他那里學到很多關于太空探索的東西。分析語境可知,前后分句之間是并列關系,and意為“并且”。故填and。
20.who　考查定語從句。句意:不過,和頂級模特同臺表演過的薩拉想要證明自己不僅美麗,而且聰明。分析句子結構可知,設空處引導非限制性定語從句,先行詞是Sarah,指人,關系詞在定語從句中作主語,應用who引導定語從句。故填who。
21.Although/Though/While　考查狀語從句。句意:雖然瑪麗喜歡花,但她和她的丈夫都不是有名的園丁。根據句意可知,設空處引導讓步狀語從句,且位于句首,所填詞首字母應大寫。故填Although、Though或While。
素養提升練
A
語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了銀杏樹的歷史、產地、特征、用途等。
1.dating　考查現在分詞。句意:銀杏樹被認為是現存最古老的樹木之一,可以追溯到2.9億多年前。分析句子結構可知,本句的謂語是is thought,所以設空處應用非謂語動詞。date與其邏輯主語The ginkgo tree之間是主動關系,所以應用現在分詞作狀語。故填dating。
技巧點撥
　　若句中已有謂語動詞,設空處又不在句中作并列謂語,所要填的通常是非謂語動詞,此時需進一步確定使用非謂語動詞的哪種形式。doing表示主動、正在進行;done表示被動、完成;to do表示尚未發生的動作。
2.to　考查介詞。句意:它原產于中國、日本、韓國和朝鮮,但現在也生長在歐洲和美國。be native to意為“原產于……”,為固定搭配。故填to。
3.normally　考查副詞。句意:銀杏是一種大型樹木,通常高達二十到三十五米,在中國有些樹甚至超過五十米。設空處應用副詞修飾現在分詞reaching。normally意為“通?！薄９侍頽ormally。
4.and　考查連詞。句意:成年樹有一個大的樹冠和長長的樹枝,它通常有很深的根,可以抵抗風雪的損害。根據句意可知,兩個分句之間為并列關系,故用and連接。故填and。
5.resistance　考查名詞。句意:由于具有對疾病和昆蟲的抵抗力,一些樹木據稱已有2,500多年的樹齡。根據空前的介詞of可知,設空處應用名詞,再結合空后的“to diseases and insects”可知,這里表示抵抗力,resistance意為“抵抗力”,為不可數名詞。故填resistance。
6.are claimed　考查時態、語態和主謂一致。句意同上。claim sb./sth. to be...意為“聲稱某人/某物是……”。結合上下文時態并根據句意可知,這里陳述的是客觀事實,應用一般現在時。some of the trees和claim之間是被動關系,這里應用被動語態。主語表示復數,所以謂語應用復數形式。故填are claimed。
7.a　考查冠詞。句意:但在秋天,它們會變成亮黃色,然后落下,這構成了一種美麗的景色。scene意為“風光,景色”,為可數名詞。這里表示泛指,且空后的beautiful的發音以輔音音素開頭,所以應用不定冠詞a。故填a。
8.which/that　考查定語從句。句意:果實有柔軟、肉質、黃棕色的外層,外觀誘人。分析句子結構可知,設空處引導定語從句,修飾先行詞outer layer,指物,關系詞在從句中作主語,所以應用which或that引導。故填which或that。
9.have been　考查時態和主謂一致。句意:由于銀杏樹已經存在了很長時間,人們將其用于多種目的。根據句中的時間狀語“for so long”可知,這里應用現在完成時,表示動作從過去一直持續到現在,而且還有可能繼續下去。從句主語ginkgoes是復數,謂語應用復數形式。故填have been。
10.to support　考查動詞不定式。句意:它通常用于記憶和思維疾病、視力疾病和許多其他疾病,但其中的大多數用途沒有很好的科學依據支撐。此處應用不定式作后置定語,修飾名詞evidence。故填to support。
熟詞生義
1.problem　熟義:n.困難　生義:n.疾病
2.condition　熟義:n.狀態　生義:n.疾病
B
語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要分析了環境問題產生的原因。
11.which　考查定語從句。句意:人類已經造成了一種情況,在這種情況下,普通事件越來越多地上升到自然災害的程度,造成了人類生命和財產的重大損失。分析句子結構可知,空處應填入定語從句的關系詞。先行詞是situation,表示抽象地點,定語從句用“in which”引導,相當于where。故填which。
12.causing　考查現在分詞。句意同上。分析句子結構可知,空處應填入非謂語動詞作狀語。根據句意可知,此處作結果狀語,表示自然而然的結果,應用現在分詞。故填causing。
聯想拓展
　　現在分詞作狀語表示自然而然的結果;不定式作狀語表示意想不到的結果,其前常加only。試比較:①More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.中國建了更多的公路,這使得人們從一個地方到另一個地方的出行變得容易多了。
②George returned after the war, only to be told that his wife had left him.喬治在戰爭結束后回到家,結果被告知妻子已經離開了他。
13.have found　考查時態和主謂一致。句意:多年來,研究這一主題的科學家們發現,主要問題是全球變暖。分析句子結構可知,空處在句中作謂語。根據句中時間狀語Over the years可知,此處應用現在完成時,主語scientists 為復數,謂語應用復數。故填have found。
14.of　考查介詞。句意:但由于人類的貪婪,沒有人真正關心環境風險,每個人都忙于賺錢。because of是固定短語,意為“由于,因為”。故填of。
15.a　考查冠詞。句意:眾所周知,工業的快速增長導致了大量的空氣和水污染問題。a large number of 是固定短語,意為“大量的”。故填a。
16.industries　考查名詞復數。句意:盡管這些行業需要遵守環境法來處理廢物,但大多數時候,行業所有者為了個人收益而無視這些法律。根據空格前的these 可知,此處應用可數名詞復數形式。故填industries。
17.that　考查狀語從句。句意:快速的建設導致大片區域被水泥覆蓋,這意味著水流變得如此強勁,以至于徑流無法被土壤吸收,最終導致更大的洪水。分析句子結構可知, 此處為“so+形容詞+that”引導的結果狀語從句,意為“如此……以至于……”。故填that。
18.Fortunately　考查副詞。句意:幸運的是,仍然有很多人真正關心環境,并愿意致力于環境問題。分析句子結構可知,空處應用副詞作狀語。根據句意可知,此處指“幸運地”,應用fortunately,置于句首首字母應大寫。故填Fortunately。
19.willing　考查形容詞。句意同上。分析句子結構可知,空處應用形容詞作表語。be willing to do sth.是固定短語,意為“樂意做某事”。故填willing。
20.to make　考查動詞不定式。句意:許多協會和團體夜以繼日地工作,讓人們意識到污染和其他損害環境的做法造成的有害影響。分析句子結構可知,空處應用非謂語動詞作狀語。根據句意可知,此處表示目的,應用動詞不定式作目的狀語。故填to make。
熟詞生義
gain　熟義:v.獲得　生義:n.利潤,經濟收益
難句分析
原句　Rapid construction has led to large land areas being covered with cement, meaning the flow of water becomes so strong that water run-off can't get absorbed by the soil, eventually leading to greater flooding.
分析　本句是主從復合句。該句中現在分詞meaning、leading to作結果狀語,表示自然而然的結果;其中meaning后的部分為省略了that的賓語從句;so...that引導結果狀語從句。
譯文　快速的建設導致大片區域被水泥覆蓋,這意味著水流變得如此強勁,以至于徑流無法被土壤吸收,最終導致更大的洪水。

展開更多......

收起↑