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第8單元　災害防范與宇宙探索
限時訓練2
限時30分鐘
Ⅰ　閱讀理解
A
　　It's most people's nightmare: surviving a plane crash only to be trapped in a jungle with no way of contacting the outside world. But this was reality for four Colombian children, and in an incredible story, they survived.
The children, aged 13, 9 and 4, as well as an 11-month-old baby, were flying with their mother from their village in the Amazon to visit their father in San José del Guaviare. The single-engine plane on which they were flying experienced engine problems and disappeared on May 1, 2023. Bad weather prevented the army from finding the crash site for two weeks, where they then found the dead bodies of three adults, including the children's mother.
How did these children survive conditions that would be an unimaginable struggle for most adults They are members of the Huitoto Indigenous group and were raised in the jungle. As such, they have a better understanding of the rainforest. They know which fruits are safe to eat and which plants should be avoided. Working with, rather than against, the Amazon, they survived on juan soco (a fruit similar to passion fruit) and seeds, while feeding the baby water mixed with yucca flour that they found on the plane.
While the children got on with the business of surviving, the Colombian army worked with Indigenous volunteers to find them. After 40 days of searching, the children were found and taken to recover at a military hospital in Bogot .
While many around the world have taken this survival story of resilience to be a miracle, others point out that it is the result of an ancient knowledge of the rainforest that has been passed down through Indigenous communities over the generations. Indigenous tribes have a close relationship to the Amazon, marked by a deep respect for the forest that provides them with shelter and sustenance. It is their close connection to and understanding of the rainforest that undoubtedly helped the children to survive.
1.What can we learn about the crash in the first two paragraphs
A.The plane knocked into another one.　　　　B.The rescue team failed to arrive immediately.
C.The mother managed to survive at last.　　　　D.The kids shared a jungle with adults.
2.Why did the kids successfully survive
A.They kept calm in the plane crash.　　　　B.Enough food was found on the plane.
C.They were familiar with the rainforest.　　　　D.Native volunteers offered food and water.
3.What does the underlined word “resilience” mean in the last paragraph
A.Toughness.　　　　B.Competition.　　　　C.Evolution.　　　　D.Creation.
4.What does the author suggest from the survival story
A.Emergency help should be improved.　　　　B.One who is knowledgeable lives long.
C.We should sharpen children's living skills.　　　　D.It is worthwhile to be in harmony with nature.
B
　　Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight against climate change. Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their ability to do so. The climate change we are quickening could one day leave us with forests that send out more carbon than they absorb.
Thankfully, there is a way out of this trap—but it involves striking a subtle balance. Helping forests thrive as valuable “carbon sinks” long into the future may require reducing their ability to absorb carbon now. California is leading the way, as it does on so many climate efforts, in figuring out the details.
The state's proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying ability. But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture(水分), so they grow and thrive, fixing the forest's ability to pull carbon from the air. Healthy trees are also better able to be spared from insects. The landscape is less easily burnable. The need for such planning is increasingly urgent. Already, since 2010, drought and insects have killed over 100 million trees in California, most of them in 2016 alone, and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres.
California plans to treat 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by 2030—financed from the profit of the state's emissions(排放)-permit auctions(拍賣). That's only a small share of the total land area that could benefit, about half a million acres in all, so it will be vital to prioritize(優先考慮) areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.
State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, but traditionally they've focused on wildlife and opportunities for recreation. Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon. California's plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor next year, should serve as a model.
5.What does the author imply in Paragraph 1
A.Forests may become a potential threat.
B.Extreme weather conditions may arise.
C.People may misunderstand global warming.
D.Global climate change may get out of control.
6.What does California's Forest Carbon Plan intend to do
A.To expand the forest planting area.
B.To recover its forests quickly after wildfires.
C.To reduce the young trees and brush in some forests.
D.To find more effective ways to kill insects in the forests.
7.What is essential to California's plan according to Paragraph 4
A.To obtain enough financial support.
B.To carry it out before the year 2020.
C.To handle the areas in serious danger first.
D.To improve emissions-permit auctions procedures.
8.What is the author's attitude towards California's Forest Carbon Plan
A.Worried.　　　　B.Uncaring.　　　　C.Doubtful.　　　　D.Favorable.
Ⅱ　七選五
　　Hurricane seasons can be wild and unpredictable. 1.　　　 Here are some ways you can beef up your home security in hurricane weather, even if you need to move out.
2.　　　 That actually does nothing to ensure your safety in the powerful winds. Sticking to hurricane shelters or plywood(膠合板) is the only way to go when it comes to protecting those points of entry in hurricane conditions. Buy sheets of plywood, measure your windows and use brackets(支架) to hold the plywood in place.
Sandbags are very useful. While sandbags won't be able to help in the extreme storm, many people will be able to prevent flooding and extensive damage to their belongings by placing sandbags. 3.　　　 Any storm water that is kept out of your home won't be able to damage the belongings inside your home, so sandbags are well worth having at your doorways during a hurricane.
It's important to prepare the inside of your home for strong winds and rain. But you should also keep an eye on the outside of your house, too. Trim(修剪) trees, especially dead branches, to prevent anything else that could fly through a window and cause damage during a hurricane. 4.　　
You should also take pictures of expensive items like electronics and keep notes of their serial numbers. 5.　　　 Also, there are always bad people out right after a storm. If the worst happens and your home is broken into right after a bad storm, having pictures and detailed notes about what was in your home prior to the hurricane will make it easier for police to track down stolen items.
A.You should have a camera at home.
B.It can be strong enough to resist the forceful winds.
C.Making sure nothing is loose in your yard is important.
D.You may see people taping windows before a hurricane comes.
E.They will be able to effectively keep storm water out in many cases.
F.It will aid your insurance company if anything needs to be replaced.
G.These dangerous storms can bring damage to your home and belongings.
Ⅲ　完形填空
　　Many cities around the world today are heavily polluted. Careless methods of production and　1 　 of consumer demands for environment-friendly products have 　2　 the pollution problem. One 　3　 is that millions of tons of glass, paper, plastic, and metal containers are produced, and these are difficult to get rid of.
　4　, today, more and more consumers are choosing “green” and demanding that the products they buy should be safe for the environment. 　5　 they buy a product, they ask questions like these: “Will this shampoo damage the environment ” “Can this metal container be 　6　 or can it only be used once ”
A recent study showed that two　7　 five adults now consider the environmental safety of a product before they buy it. This means that companies must now change the 　8　 they make and sell their products to make sure that they are “green”, that is, friendly to the environment.
Only a few years ago, it was impossible to find green products in supermarkets, but now there are hundreds. Some supermarket products　9 　 labels to show that the product is green. Some companies emphasize that their products are clean and safe in their advertising and have made it their main selling 　10　.
The　11　 for a safer and cleaner environment is making companies rethink 　12　 they do business. No longer will the public accept the old 　13　 of “Buy it, use it, throw it away and forget it.” The public 　14　 is still here, and companies are 　15 　 their act gradually.
1.A.part　　　　B.lack　　　　C.lots　　　　D.varieties
2.A.applied to　　　　B.contributed to　　　　C.adapted to　　　　D.devoted to
3.A.possibility　　　　B.chance　　　　C.result　　　　D.effect
4.A.Therefore　　　　B.Furthermore　　　　C.Similarly　　　　D.However
5.A.After　　　　B.Though　　　　C.Before　　　　D.Unless
6.A.reused　　　　B.safe　　　　C.friendly　　　　D.returned
7.A.of　　　　B.on　　　　C.from　　　　D.out of
8.A.rhyme　　　　B.way　　　　C.section　　　　D.branch
9.A.carry　　　　B.take　　　　C.include　　　　D.make
10.A.advantage　　　　B.technique　　　　C.point　　　　D.attraction
11.A.concern　　　　B.hope　　　　C.love　　　　D.plan
12.A.what　　　　B.how　　　　C.whether　　　　D.when
13.A.saying　　　　B.trust　　　　C.attitude　　　　D.fashion
14.A.pressure　　　　B.pleasure　　　　C.discussion　　　　D.interest
15.A.enlarging　　　　B.sharing　　　　C.cleaning　　　　D.improving
答案全解全析
限時訓練2
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
語篇解讀　本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要介紹了飛機失事后,四個孩子在熱帶叢林中奇跡般地生還的事。是他們對雨林豐富的知識和與其密切的關聯以及他們對雨林、對自然的尊重幫助了他們。
1.B　細節理解題。根據第二段最后一句“Bad weather prevented the army from finding the crash site for two weeks, where they then found the dead bodies of three adults, including the children's mother.”可知,惡劣的天氣使軍隊兩周都沒有找到墜機地點,后來他們在那里發現了三具成年人的尸體,其中包括這些孩子們的母親。由此可知,救援隊沒能及時到達。故選B。
2.C　推理判斷題。
①根據題干中的關鍵詞“kids successfully survive”定位到第三段。
②根據第三段第二、三、四句“They are members of the Huitoto Indigenous group and were raised in the jungle. As such, they have a better understanding of the rainforest. They know which fruits are safe to eat and which plants should be avoided.”可知,他們是Huitoto土著部落的成員,在叢林中長大,因此對雨林有更好的了解,他們知道哪些水果可以安全食用,哪些植物應該避開。由此判斷,生存下來的幾個小孩是因為對雨林非常熟悉。故選C。
3.A　詞義猜測題。畫線詞修飾this survival story,由上文“After 40 days of searching, the children were found and taken to recover at a military hospital in Bogot .”可知,經過40天的搜尋,孩子們才被找到。由此判斷,他們憑著他們的韌性,才能在這次飛機失事后在雨林里生存下來,這是一個頑強生存的故事。toughness“韌性”符合文意。故選A。competition競爭;evolution進化;creation創造。
4.D　推理判斷題。根據第三段中的“Working with, rather than against, the Amazon”和最后一段最后一句“It is their close connection to and understanding of the rainforest that undoubtedly helped the children to survive.”可知,孩子們與雨林的密切聯系和對雨林的了解幫助他們生存下來,因為他們尊重雨林,和雨林和諧相處。因此和自然和諧相處是很有必要的。故選D。
熟詞生義
raise 熟義:v.提升;舉起　生義:v.撫養
B
語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了為了讓森林長期吸收我們產生的大部分二氧化碳的“森林碳計劃”。
5.A　推理判斷題。根據第一段中的“The climate change we are quickening could one day leave us with forests that send out more carbon than they absorb.”可知,我們正在加速的氣候變化可能有一天會讓森林釋放出比吸收更多的碳。由此可推知,作者在第一段中暗示了森林可能會成為一個潛在的威脅,故選A。
6.C　細節理解題。根據第三段中的“The state's proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest.”可知,該州提出的森林碳計劃旨在加倍努力使幼樹變稀疏,并清除部分森林中的灌木叢,故選C。
同義表達
　　thin out (使)變稀薄,變稀疏,變少。C項中的“reduce the young trees and brush”是第三段中“thin out young trees and clear brush”的同義表達。
7.C　細節理解題。根據第四段中的“That's only a small share of the total land area that could benefit, about half a million acres in all, so it will be vital to prioritize(優先考慮) areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.(這只是可能受益的土地總面積的一小部分,總計約50萬英畝,因此優先考慮火災或干旱風險最大的地區至關重要)”可知,加州計劃的關鍵是優先處理嚴重危險地區。故選C。
8.D　推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon. California's plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor next year, should serve as a model.”可知,直到最近,他們才認識到森林在儲存碳方面所起的重要作用,加州的計劃預計將于明年由州長最終確定,它應該成為一個榜樣。作者認為加州的計劃應該成為一個榜樣。由此推知,作者對它持支持態度。故選D。
熟詞生義
1.good熟義:adj.好的　生義:adj.相當大的
2.share 熟義:v.分享　生義:n.一份
難句分析
原句　The climate change we are quickening could one day leave us with forests that send out more carbon than they absorb.
分析　句子的主干為The climate change could one day leave us with forests。其中we are quickening為定語從句,修飾The climate change;that send out more carbon than they absorb為定語從句,修飾forests。
譯文　我們正在加速的氣候變化可能有一天會使森林釋放的碳比它們吸收的碳還要多。
Ⅱ.七選五
語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一些在颶風天氣下加強家庭安全的方法。
①通讀全文,把握文章大意和文章結構
文章大意:在颶風天氣下加強家庭安全的方法
文章結構:總—分
②通讀選項,了解各選項的中心點,畫出關鍵詞
A.You should have a camera at home.(提出建議:備一臺攝像機)
B.It can be strong enough to resist the forceful winds.(前文需出現It所能指代的名詞,本句介紹其作用:抵抗強風)
C.Making sure nothing is loose in your yard is important.(介紹重要性,關注人稱代詞)
D.You may see people taping windows before a hurricane comes.(關鍵點:用膠帶加固窗戶)
E.They will be able to effectively keep storm water out in many cases.(介紹They的作用,前文需要出現They所能指代的復數名詞,作用是可以阻擋雨水)
F.It will aid your insurance company if anything needs to be replaced.(前文需要出現It所能指代的內容,本句介紹It的作用:可以幫助保險公司)
G.These dangerous storms can bring damage to your home and belongings.(介紹dangerous storms的危害)
③把選項一一代入文章空處,尋找每個題最適合的選項
1.G　根據前文“Hurricane seasons can be wild and unpredictable.”和后文“Here are some ways you can beef up your home security in hurricane weather...”可知,此處提到颶風,且下文要介紹在颶風天氣加強家庭安全的方法,所以G項“這些危險的暴風雨會給你的房屋和財物帶來損害”承接上下文。故選G。
2.D　根據后文“That actually does nothing to ensure your safety in the powerful winds.(這實際上并不能保證你在強風中的安全。)”可知,That是指前文中提到的人們面對颶風時會做的保護措施,所以D項“你可能會看到人們在颶風來之前用膠帶固定窗戶”切合文意。故選D。
3.E　根據后文“Any storm water that is kept out of your home won't be able to damage the belongings inside your home(任何被擋在家外面的雨水都不會損壞你家里的財物)”可知,此處是指沙袋可以把雨水擋在外面,所以E項“在許多情況下,它們將能夠有效地把雨水擋在外面。”切合文意,They指代sandbags。故選E。
4.C　根據前文“Trim (修剪) trees, especially dead branches, to prevent anything else that could fly through a window and cause damage during a hurricane.”可知,此處是指防止庭院里有松動了的東西被吹到屋子里造成破壞,所以C項“確保你的院子里沒有任何東西松動是很重要的。”切合文意。故選C。
5.F　根據前文“You should also take pictures of expensive items like electronics and keep notes of their serial numbers.”可知,此處是指給昂貴的物品拍照并記下它們的序列號有助于向保險公司申請賠償,所以F項“如果有什么東西需要更換,它會幫助你的保險公司。”切合文意。故選F。
難句分析
原句　If the worst happens and your home is broken into right after a bad storm, having pictures and detailed notes about what was in your home prior to the hurricane will make it easier for police to track down stolen items.
分析　本句為主從復合句。“If...a bad storm”是If引導的條件狀語從句,其中and連接兩個并列分句,“having pictures...hurricane”為動名詞短語作主語,其中what引導賓語從句,作about的賓語。
譯文　如果最糟糕的情況發生了,你的家在一場惡劣的暴風雨后就被人闖入,那么有關于颶風前你家里東西的照片和詳細記錄將使警方更容易追蹤到被盜物品。
Ⅲ.完形填空
語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文,主要介紹了公眾環保理念的變化導致生產者愿意生產出綠色產品。
1.B　句意:粗心的生產方法和消費者對環保產品的需求的缺失導致了污染問題。part部分;lack缺乏;lot大量;variety種類。根據“Careless methods of production and 　1　 of consumer demands for environment-friendly products”和“Many cities around the world today are heavily polluted.”可知,因為粗心的生產方法和消費者對環保產品的需求的缺失,當今世界上許多城市污染嚴重。故選B。
2.B　句意見上題。apply to適用于;contribute to導致;adapt to適應(新情況);devote to致力于。根據“Careless methods of production and 　1　 of consumer demands for environment-friendly products”和“the pollution problem”可知,前后是因果關系,這些原因導致污染問題。故選B。
歸納總結
　　固定短語apply to、contribute to、adapt to、devote to中的to均為介詞。
3.C　句意:結果之一就是產生了數百萬噸的玻璃、紙、塑料和金屬容器,而這些都很難處理掉。possibility可能;chance機會;result結果;effect效果。根據語境可知,粗心的生產方法和缺乏消費者對環保產品的需求的結果之一是產生了數百萬噸的玻璃、紙、塑料和金屬容器。故選C。
4.D　句意:然而,今天,越來越多的消費者選擇“綠色”,并要求他們購買的產品應該對環境安全。therefore因此;furthermore此外;similarly同樣;however然而。前文介紹了污染問題,后文介紹消費者開始選擇環保的產品,前后情況不同,表示轉折,故選D。
5.C　句意為“在購買產品之前,他們會問這樣的問題:‘這種洗發水會破壞環境嗎 ’‘這個金屬容器可以重復使用還是只能使用一次 ’”after在……之后;though盡管;before在……之前;unless除非。根據后文“adults now consider the environmental safety of a product before they buy it”可知,消費者在購買前會問一些產品是否環保的問題。故選C。
6.A　句意見上題。reuse重復使用;safe安全的;friendly友好的;return退還。根據“or can it only be used once”可知,消費者購買金屬容器前會詢問是否可以重復利用。故選A。
7.D　句意:最近的一項研究表明,現在有五分之二的成年人在購買產品之前會考慮產品的環境安全性。根據“adults now consider the environmental safety of a product”可知,此處描述有一定數量的成年人會考慮產品是否環保。two out of five表示“五分之二”,故選D。
8.B　句意:這意味著公司現在必須改變他們制造和銷售產品的方式,以確保它們是“綠色的”,也就是說,對環境友好。rhyme押韻;way方法,方式;section部分;branch樹枝。根據“Careless methods of production”可知,為了迎合消費者對環保產品的需求,公司要改變制造和銷售產品的方式。故選B。
9.A　句意:一些超市的產品帶有標簽,以表明產品是環保的。carry攜帶;take隨身帶著;include包括;make制作。根據“to show that the product is green”可知,產品帶有標簽以表明環保。故選A。
10.C　句意:一些公司在廣告中強調他們的產品是無污染且安全的,并以此作為主要賣點。advantage優勢;technique技術;point點;attraction吸引。根據“Some companies emphasize that their products are clean and safe in their advertising”可知,產品安全無污染是公司的主要賣點。selling point賣點。故選C。
11.A　句意:對更安全、更無污染的環境的關注正促使企業重新思考自己的經營方式。concern關注;hope希望;love喜愛;plan計劃。根據“Some companies emphasize that their products are clean and safe in their advertising”可知,企業關注更安全、更無污染的環境。故選A。
12.B　句意見上題。what什么;how如何;whether是否;when何時。設空處引導從句,根據語境可知此處表示企業重新考慮它們如何經營。故選B。
13.C　句意:公眾將不再接受“買它,用它,扔掉它,忘記它”的舊態度。saying諺語;trust信任;attitude態度;fashion時尚。根據第二段中的“more and more consumers are choosing ‘green’ and demanding that the products they buy should be safe for the environment”和最后一段中的“Buy it, use it, throw it away and forget it.”可知,這是消費者態度發生了變化。故選C。
14.A　句意:公眾的壓力仍然存在,公司正在逐步改善它們的行為。pressure壓力;pleasure樂趣;discussion討論;interest興趣。根據“No longer will the public accept...‘Buy it, use it, throw it away and forget it.’”可知,公眾不會再接受對環境不友好的產品,由語境可知,這是對公司的壓力,迫使它們向好的方向改變,故選A。
15.D　句意見上題。enlarge擴大;share分享;clean打掃;improve改進。根據“Careless methods of production”和“Some companies emphasize that their products are clean and safe”可知,這是公司在逐漸改善自己的行為。故選D。

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