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2025-2026學(xué)年八年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語(yǔ)單元全真模擬培優(yōu)卷滬教版
（五四學(xué)制）（2024）Unit 1 Water
注意事項(xiàng)：
1．本試卷共七大題，滿分120分（不含聽(tīng)力口語(yǔ)30分），考試用時(shí)100分鐘；
2．答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考點(diǎn)名稱、考場(chǎng)號(hào)、座位號(hào)用0.5毫米黑色墨水簽字筆填寫在答題卡相對(duì)應(yīng)的位置上，并認(rèn)真核對(duì)條形碼上的準(zhǔn)考號(hào)、姓名是否與本人的相符合；
3．答選擇題必須用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑，如需改動(dòng)，請(qǐng)用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案；答非選擇題必須用0.5毫米黑色墨水簽字筆寫在答題卡指定的位置上，不在答題區(qū)域內(nèi)的答案一律無(wú)效，不得用其他筆答題；
4．考生答題必須答在答題卡上，答在試卷和草稿紙上一律無(wú)效。
第一部分 完形填空（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）
Melting Ice Sheets
Ice sheets on Earth have been melting, breaking up, and disappearing.
The melting of ice sheets over the past century has contributed to a 10—25 cm rise in global sea 1 . If the Antarctic ice sheets were to break up, it would 2 global sea levels by almost six meters. If both the Arctic and Antarctic ice sheets were to melt, the result would be a sea level rise of nearly 70 meters. And many countries would be under the 3 .
The ice sheet is the largest reservoir of fresh water, holding 70 percent of the world’s fresh water. 4 , the melting of ice sheets means that millions of people will face the threat of earthquakes, floods, droughts and the 5 of drinking water.
Hurricanes and typhoons have become stronger and longer, lasting over the past 30 years due to global warming. The 6 the weather is, the faster ice sheets melt. It’s reported 7 ice sheets may melt completely by 2035.
As is known to all, the melting of ice sheets can make some deadly 8 return, some kinds of animals 9 , and 50 billion tons of methane (甲烷) release. How terrible it is!
What should we do to stop the melting and avoid the happening of disasters
After studying the ice sheets in Qilian Mountains, Chinese scholars pointed out that 10 the natural climatic factors, the other main causes of ice sheets melting were overpopulation, deforestation and overuse of groundwater. Therefore, the population should be controlled, forest and groundwater resources should be protected.
1．A．food B．levels C．a(chǎn)nimals D．waves
2．A．raise B．rise C．climb D．jump
3．A．ground B．river C．sea D．ice
4．A．But B．And C．Unless D．However
5．A．height B．kindness C．length D．shortage
6．A．warm B．warmer C．warmest D．warmth
7．A．that B．which C．who D．whom
8．A．population B．diseases C．economy D．technology
9．A．die for B．die of C．die from D．die out
10．A．but B．besides C．except D．beside
第二部分 閱讀理解（共20小題；每小題2分，滿分40分）
請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
A
Water Pollution
Water pollution is a serious problem around the world. It is the contamination of water bodies such as lakes, rivers, oceans, and groundwater.
There are many causes of water pollution. One of the main causes is industrial waste. Factories often dump harmful chemicals and waste products into water bodies. This can make the water toxic and dangerous for plants, animals, and humans.
Another cause is agricultural runoff. Farmers use fertilizers and pesticides on their crops. When it rains, these chemicals can wash into rivers and lakes, polluting the water.
Sewage and wastewater are also big problems. If sewage is not properly treated, it can contain harmful bacteria and viruses. This can cause diseases when people come into contact with the polluted water.
Water pollution has many bad effects. It can kill fish and other aquatic animals. It can also make the water unfit for human use, such as for drinking, swimming, and fishing.
To solve the problem of water pollution, we need to take action. Governments should make stricter laws to control industrial waste and agricultural runoff. We should also improve sewage treatment systems. And we, as individuals, can do our part by reducing waste and using environmentally friendly products.
11．What is water pollution
A．The evaporation of water. B．The contamination of water bodies.
C．The purification of water. D．The movement of water in the water cycle.
12．What is one of the main causes of water pollution
A．Industrial waste. B．Rain. C．The sun. D．Aquatic animals.
13．What can agricultural runoff contain
A．Harmful bacteria and viruses. B．Fertilizers and pesticides.
C．Harmful chemicals and waste products. D．All of the above.
14．What are the bad effects of water pollution
A．It can kill fish and other aquatic animals. B．It can make the water unfit for human use.
C．Both A and B． D．None of the above.
15．What can we do to solve the problem of water pollution
A．Governments should make stricter laws.
B．We should improve sewage treatment systems.
C．We can reduce waste and use environmentally friendly products.
D．All of the above.
B
Water is very important to our life. We drink water every day. We use water to cook, wash and clean. Without water, we can’t live.
But do you know how to save water Here are some suggestions. First, turn off the tap when you brush your teeth or wash your hands. Second, use the water you use to wash vegetables to water the flowers. Third, take a shower instead of a bath. A bath usually uses more water than a shower.
We should also protect the water from pollution. Don’t throw rubbish into the rivers or lakes. Factories should not pour waste water into the rivers without cleaning it first.
Let’s work together to save water and protect our water resources.
16．Why is water important to us
A．We drink water every day. B．We use water to cook, wash and clean.
C．Without water, we can’t live. D．All of the above.
17．What’s the first suggestion to save water
A．Use the water you use to wash vegetables to water the flowers.
B．Take a shower instead of a bath.
C．Turn off the tap when you brush your teeth or wash your hands.
D．Don’t throw rubbish into the rivers.
18．Why should we take a shower instead of a bath
A．A shower is more comfortable.
B．A bath is dirty.
C．A bath usually uses more water than a shower.
D．A shower is cheaper.
19．What should factories do to protect water
A．Pour waste water into the rivers.
B．Pour waste water into the lakes.
C．Pour waste water into the sea.
D．Clean the waste water before pouring it into the rivers.
20．What’s the main idea of the passage
A．Water is important. B．How to save water.
C．How to protect water from pollution. D．Both B and C．
C
Water is very important to us. We use water to drink, cook, wash and clean. Without water, we can’t live.
But there isn’t enough water on the earth. Some places are very dry. People there don’t have enough water to drink. They have to get water from far away.
We should save water. We can turn off the tap when we brush our teeth. We can reuse water. For example, we can use the water from washing clothes to water the flowers.
Let’s start to save water from now on. Every drop of water is precious.
21．What can’t we do without water
A．Drink. B．Cook. C．Live. D．All of the above.
22．Why do some people have to get water from far away
A．Because they like to travel.
B．Because there isn’t enough water near them.
C．Because they don’t know how to save water.
D．Because they want to exercise.
23．How can we save water
A．Keep the tap running when we brush our teeth.
B．Throw away the water after washing clothes.
C．Turn off the tap when we brush our teeth and reuse water.
D．Use more water when we wash things.
24．What does the underlined word “precious” mean in Chinese
A．便宜的 B．珍貴的 C．無(wú)用的 D．充足的
25．What’s the main idea of the passage
A．Water is important and we should save it.
B．People in dry places don’t have enough water.
C．We can reuse water to water the flowers.
D．We should turn off the tap when we brush our teeth.
D
The Water Authority (水務(wù)局) in Shenzhen, Guangdong province is encouraging citizens to save water as the special economic zone experiences its worst drought (干旱) since 1963.
Zhang Jia’an, director of the Water Authority, said Shenzhen has been facing its worst drought since people created the city. “The drought that began hitting the city in late autumn will probably continue through the whole winter and the coming spring and summer,” Zhang said on Wednesday. In addition to less rainfall this year, Zhang said another reason for the water shortage is the city’s fast growing population, which means the city is using more and more water in recent years.
To deal with the water shortage, the city government has encouraged citizens to save and recycle water. For example, water flowers with water used to wash rice, and clean toilets with water used to wash clothes. Cutting down bathing time by one minute every day can save water as well. Besides, don’t keep the water running when brushing teeth or washing hands.
Xu Weiqiang, a citizen of Shenzhen’s Futian district, said he now receives text messages every day telling him about the city’s serious drought and the action to save water. “Water for home use in Shenzhen has not yet been affected,” Xu said. But large water users, for example, some companies and large factories like his, are said to have been asked to cut down water consumption (消耗), he said.
26．Why is the Water Authority encouraging Shenzhen citizens to save water
A．It has been seldom raining in Shenzhen since 1963.
B．The population grows at the fastest speed in 2021.
C．The city has its worst drought which began in late autumn.
D．The drought will start to hit the city from the coming spring.
27．What might you not know about the drought from paragraph 2
A．When the drought began.
B．How long the drought will last.
C．Why there is a water shortage in Shenzhen.
D．How citizens can fight against the drought.
28．How many tips can you learn about saving water from paragraph 3
A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five.
29．What can we learn about Xu Weiqiang from the last paragraph
A．He has to cut down water use of his factory in Futian district.
B．His daily life has been affected a lot by the city’s serious drought.
C．He feels impatient with text messages from Shenzhen government.
D．He was not aware of the city’s worst drought and how to save water.
30．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Less rainfall and fast growing population in Shenzhen.
B．Shenzhen encourages citizens to save water in drought.
C．The worst drought since 1963 in special economic zone
D．The ways citizens use to save water and protect the Earth.
第三部分 信息還原（共5小題；每小題1分，滿分5分）
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Save Water
We should not use more water than we actually need. If we do, we will not have enough water in the future. 31 It is not a difficult question to answer. If we remove more fresh water than nature replaces, we have taken too much.
Many cities run campaigns (運(yùn)動(dòng)) to get people to stop wasting water. They show them ways they can cut back on water use. 32 What’s more, they carry out programs that offer money to reduce water use. For example, they give people shower heads and toilets that use less water. 33
Another threat (威脅) to our water supply is pollution. When our sources of fresh water get polluted we can no longer use this water. This also endangers (危及) the animals that depend on the water.
34 We can save lots of water by not letting taps run while we brush our teeth or by turning off taps right after washing hands. By collecting cold water when we’re taking warm showers, we can also save water. 35 In this way, we can make full use of water.
A．However, just how much is too much
B．It’s very important for you to know how to save water.
C．There are several things we can do to save water.
D．Finally, they make laws to control the use of water.
E．We don’t have to let the cold water run until it gets warm.
F．They also increase water bills for people who use too much.
G．We are in rich salt water, but not in fresh water.
第四部分 詞匯運(yùn)用（共20小題；每小題1分，滿分20分）
第一節(jié) 根據(jù)下列句子所給漢語(yǔ)注釋或首字母，寫出空缺處各單詞的正確形式。每空限填一詞。
36．Water can be recycled. It means the water can (use) again.
37．Sitting under the trees will not be (bore) at all.
38．Lights (shine) brightly across the city, and colourful boats are moving slowly down the river.
39．We must take action to damaged coral reefs. (restoration)
40．Kangkang stood on a chair (careful) to clean the blackboard.
41．The three s of water are solid, liquid and gas.
42．When water gets very cold, it f into ice.
43．After running for an hour, I felt very t and drank a lot of water.
44．Almost everyone is looking f to a trip to the beach during the summer holiday.
45．Mike, we don’t need these clothes. Why do we w money on them
閱讀短文， 用方框中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空， 使短文完整、正確。（每詞限用一次）
way; child; area; water; avoid; nearly; within; run; if; necessary
Water resources (資源) are important in our life. Nobody can live without water. In the world there are some 46 which are short of water. Everyone should know how to save water. If you don’t know what to do, here are some easy 47 for you.
Make your shower time short. Don’t spend too much time taking a shower. It’s best to finish your shower 48 five minutes.
For parents, it’s a good idea to 49 buying water toys for your child. A lot of 50 love to play with water toys. As a parent, you should try not to choose the water toys which need much water.
Turn off the water tap while you are washing your hands. It’s said that a lot of people wash hands 51 nine times every day. Don’t keep the water 52 while you are using the soap to wash hands.
Learn to reuse water. For example, after washing vegetables in the kitchen, you can take the water to the garden. Then you can use it 53 flowers.
It’s not 54 to take a shower every day. Some people take a shower two or three times a day. In fact, you can take a shower every two days. Of course, 55 the weather is very hot and you always sweat (出汗), you can take a shower every day.
第五部分 短文填空（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）
Water is all around us. We see water in 56 lake, the river or the ocean. We can get water from the taps in our homes.
Water is very 57 (use) in our life. Some people say they can’t live 58 water. We use water every day. We drink water. We use water 59 (take) showers. We use water to wash hands, clothes 60 dishes. People use water in many 61 (way)! It’s true that everyone 62 (need) water. Animals need water. Plants also need water. That is to say, all living things need water to live.
These days, there are some water problems. One of 63 (they) is water shortage (短缺). We should save water. Do you know how to save water There are some different ways. We can save water by 64 (turn) off the taps and taking short showers. What do you 65 (usual) do to save water
閱讀表達(dá)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答下列問(wèn)題。
Xiaoya joins in an activity and learns how to save water.
One day, she goes to visit her friend, Zhouzhou. Zhouzhou is excited to see her. She talks with Xiaoya and washes some fruit for her. But when she is washing apples, she doesn’t use a basin (盆子) to collect water but wash them with running water. Xiaoya says, “I think you’d better wash the fruit in a basin. It helps save water.” But Zhouzhou doesn’t think it matters a lot. So she still keeps the water running and washes apples. Then Xiaoya comes to her and tells her a story she knows from an activity. There is a small village in Africa. People there can only take showers once a week. And they even don’t have enough clean water to drink. After hearing the story, Zhouzhou feels sad for the African people. She thinks she should learn to save water from now on.
66．What does Xiaoya learn from an activity
67．Who is Zhouzhou
68．How does Zhouzhou feel after she hears the story
69．How does Xiaoya help Zhouzhou learn the importance of saving water
70．What can you do to save water in daily life
書面表達(dá)（共1題；滿分25分）
71．為了保護(hù)水資源，聯(lián)合國(guó)將每年3月22日定為世界水日（World Water Day）。學(xué)校在這天將舉辦相關(guān)活動(dòng)號(hào)召同學(xué)們節(jié)約用水，每個(gè)班級(jí)召開(kāi)了一次“節(jié)約用水，從你我做起”的主題班會(huì)，假如你叫康康，你打算做個(gè)關(guān)于如何節(jié)約用水的演講。請(qǐng)以“How to Save Water”為題，根據(jù)以下的提示內(nèi)容，用英語(yǔ)寫一篇演講稿。
內(nèi)容提示：
1. 水對(duì)人類、植物和動(dòng)物都很重要；
2. 介紹如何節(jié)約用水（至少三條建議）；
寫作要求：
1. 文中須包含以上所有提示，可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮；
2. 文中不得出現(xiàn)考生的真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱；
3. 詞數(shù)70詞左右（開(kāi)頭已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)）。
How to Save Water
Hello, I am Kangkang. We all need water.
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參考答案及試題解析
1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．D 6．B 7．A 8．B 9．D 10．B
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文講述了冰蓋溶解給地球帶來(lái)的不利影響，呼吁人們要控制人口，保護(hù)森林和地下水資源。
1．句意：過(guò)去一個(gè)世紀(jì)冰蓋的融化導(dǎo)致全球海平面上升10—25厘米。
food食物；levels水位/水平；animals動(dòng)物；waves波浪。根據(jù)“a 10—25 cm rise in global sea”可知此處指“海平面上升”。故選B。
2．句意：如果南極冰蓋破裂，全球海平面將上升近6米。
raise及物動(dòng)詞，使升高；rise不及物動(dòng)詞，上升；climb攀爬；jump跳躍。根據(jù)“If the Antarctic ice sheets were to break up”可知此處指如果南極冰蓋破裂，全球海平面將上升近6米，此處選及物動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)。故選A。
3．句意：很多國(guó)家都會(huì)在海底。
ground地面；river河流；sea海洋；ice冰。根據(jù)“If both the Arctic and Antarctic ice sheets were to melt, the result would be a sea level rise of nearly 70 meters.”可知此處指如果海平面上升近70米，很多國(guó)家都會(huì)在海底。故選C。
4．句意：然而，冰蓋的融化意味著數(shù)百萬(wàn)人將面臨地震、洪水、干旱和飲用水短缺的威脅。
But但是；And并且；Unless除非；However然而。根據(jù)上文“The ice sheet is the largest reservoir of fresh water, holding 70 percent of the world’s fresh water.”和下文“the melting of ice sheets means that millions of people will face the threat of earthquakes, floods,…”上文介紹冰蓋占據(jù)淡水的含量，下文講述冰蓋溶解帶來(lái)的災(zāi)害；可知上下文含有轉(zhuǎn)折的意義，在句前且逗號(hào)與句子隔開(kāi)，填副詞however。故選D。
5．句意：然而，冰蓋的融化意味著數(shù)百萬(wàn)人將面臨地震、洪水、干旱和飲用水短缺的威脅。
height高度；kindness善良；length長(zhǎng)度；shortage短缺。根據(jù)“the melting of ice sheets means that millions of people will face the threat of earthquakes, floods,…”可知，冰蓋溶解帶來(lái)的災(zāi)害，此處指“飲用水短缺”。故選D。
6．句意：天氣越暖和，冰蓋融化得越快。
warm溫暖的，原級(jí)；warmer更溫暖的，比較級(jí)；warmest最溫暖的，最高級(jí)；warmth溫暖名詞。根據(jù)“the faster”可知此處是“the +比較級(jí)+……，the +比較級(jí)”的句式。故選B。
7．句意：據(jù)報(bào)道，到2035年冰蓋可能會(huì)完全融化。
that引導(dǎo)從句；which哪個(gè)；who誰(shuí)/指人；whom誰(shuí)/賓格。分析句子成分可知此處用that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，指“據(jù)報(bào)道，到2035年冰蓋可能會(huì)完全融化”。故選A。
8．句意：眾所周知，冰蓋的融化會(huì)使一些致命的疾病復(fù)發(fā)，某些動(dòng)物滅絕，并釋放500億噸甲烷。
population人口；diseases疾病；economy經(jīng)濟(jì)；technology技術(shù)。根據(jù)下文“How terrible it is!”可知此處指“不好的事情——致命的疾病復(fù)發(fā)”。故選B。
9．句意：眾所周知，冰蓋的融化會(huì)使一些致命的疾病復(fù)發(fā)，某些動(dòng)物滅絕，并釋放500億噸甲烷。
die for為……而死；die of死于內(nèi)因如疾病；die from死于外因如事故；die out滅絕。根據(jù)下文“How terrible it is!”可知此處指“不好的事情——某些動(dòng)物滅絕”。故選D。
10．句意：在研究了祁連山的冰蓋后，中國(guó)學(xué)者指出，除了自然氣候因素外，冰蓋融化的其他主要原因是人口過(guò)剩、森林砍伐和地下水過(guò)度使用。
but但是；besides除……之外還；except除……之外不包括；beside在……旁邊。根據(jù)“the other main causes of ice sheets melting were overpopulation, deforestation and overuse of groundwater.”可知此處指“除了氣候因素還有人為的因素導(dǎo)致冰蓋的溶解”。故選B。
11．B 12．A 13．B 14．C 15．D
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講述了水污染的嚴(yán)重性、成因、危害及解決措施。
11．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“It is the contamination of water bodies such as lakes, rivers, oceans, and groundwater.”（水污染是指湖泊、河流、海洋和地下水等水體的污染）可推知，水污染的本質(zhì)是水體被污染。故選B。
12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“One of the main causes is industrial waste.”（主要成因之一是工業(yè)廢水）可推知，工業(yè)廢物是水污染的主要來(lái)源之一。故選A。
13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Farmers use fertilizers and pesticides...these chemicals can wash into rivers and lakes”（農(nóng)民使用化肥和農(nóng)藥……這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)會(huì)流入河流和湖泊）可推知，農(nóng)業(yè)徑流含有化肥和農(nóng)藥。故選B。
14．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“It can kill fish...unfit for human use”（它會(huì)殺死魚類……不適合人類使用）可推知，水污染的危害包括A和B兩項(xiàng)。故選C。
15．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Governments should make stricter laws...improve sewage treatment...reduce waste”（政府應(yīng)制定更嚴(yán)格的法律……改善污水處理……減少?gòu)U物）可推知，所有選項(xiàng)（A、B、C）均為解決措施。故選D。
16．D 17．C 18．C 19．D 20．D
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了水對(duì)我們生活的重要性，并給出了一些節(jié)約用水和保護(hù)水資源的建議。
16．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“We drink water every day. We use water to cook, wash and clean. Without water, we can’t live.”可知，水對(duì)我們重要是因?yàn)槲覀兠刻旌人⒂盟鲲垺⑾词颓鍧崳覜](méi)有水我們就無(wú)法生存，A、B、C 三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都正確。故選D。
17．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“First, turn off the tap when you brush your teeth or wash your hands.”可知，節(jié)約用水的第一條建議是在刷牙或洗手時(shí)關(guān)掉水龍頭。故選C。
18．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“A bath usually uses more water than a shower.”可知，我們應(yīng)該用淋浴代替盆浴是因?yàn)榕柙⊥ǔ１攘茉∮盟唷９蔬xC。
19．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Factories should not pour waste water into the rivers without cleaning it first.”可知，工廠應(yīng)該在將廢水排入河流之前先進(jìn)行凈化，以保護(hù)水資源。故選D。
20．主旨大意題。綜合全文可知，文章第二段主要講了如何節(jié)約用水，第三段主要講了如何保護(hù)水不受污染，所以文章的主要內(nèi)容是關(guān)于節(jié)約用水和保護(hù)水不受污染。故選D。
21．D 22．B 23．C 24．B 25．A
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了水的重要性以及節(jié)約用水的必要性。
21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Without water, we can’t live.”以及“We use water to drink, cook, wash and clean.”可知，沒(méi)有水我們不能生活、喝水、做飯。所以沒(méi)有水，以上這些我們都做不了。故選D。
22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“But there isn’t enough water on the earth. Some places are very dry. People there don’t have enough water to drink. They have to get water from far away.”可知，一些人不得不從很遠(yuǎn)的地方取水，是因?yàn)樗麄兏浇鼪](méi)有足夠的水。故選B。
23．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“We should save water. We can turn off the tap when we brush our teeth. We can reuse water.”可知，我們可以在刷牙時(shí)關(guān)掉水龍頭來(lái)節(jié)約用水，還可以重復(fù)利用水。故選C。
24．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Let’s start to save water from now on. Every drop of water is precious.”以及前文一直在強(qiáng)調(diào)水的重要性以及我們要節(jié)約用水可知，這里說(shuō)的是每一滴水都是珍貴的，所以“precious”意思是“珍貴的”。故選B。
25．主旨大意題。文章第一段講述了水對(duì)我們很重要；第二段指出地球上沒(méi)有足夠的水，一些地方很干旱；第三段說(shuō)明我們應(yīng)該節(jié)約用水的方法；最后一段呼吁大家從現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始節(jié)約用水。所以文章的主旨是水很重要，我們應(yīng)該節(jié)約用水。故選A。
26．C 27．D 28．C 29．A 30．B
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文講述了深圳市水務(wù)局鼓勵(lì)市民節(jié)約用水的事情。
26．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“The Water Authority in Shenzhen, Guangdong province is encouraging citizens to save water as the special economic zone experiences its worst drought (干旱) since 1963.”可知，該經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)正經(jīng)歷自1963年以來(lái)最嚴(yán)重的干旱，所以水務(wù)局鼓勵(lì)深圳市民節(jié)約用水，故選C。
27．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“The drought that began hitting the city in late autumn will probably continue through the whole winter and the coming spring and summer”可知，深秋開(kāi)始襲擊該市的干旱可能會(huì)持續(xù)整個(gè)冬天以及即將到來(lái)的春季和夏季，該段沒(méi)有提及市民如何對(duì)抗干旱，故選D。
28．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“For example, water flowers with water used to wash rice, and clean toilets with water used to wash clothes. Cutting down bathing time by one minute every day can save water as well. Besides, don’t keep the water running when brushing teeth or washing hands.”可知，該段提到了用洗米的水澆花，用洗衣服的水清洗廁所，減少洗澡時(shí)間和刷牙或洗手時(shí)不要讓水一直流著這四種方法節(jié)約用水，故選C。
29．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“But large water users, for example, some companies and large factories like his, are said to have been asked to cut down water consumption, he said.”可知，他不得不減少福田區(qū)工廠的用水，故選A。
30．主旨大意題。本文講述了深圳市水務(wù)局鼓勵(lì)市民節(jié)約用水的事情，故選B。
31．A 32．F 33．D 34．C 35．E
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文講述了人們?yōu)榱斯?jié)約用水采用的措施、浪費(fèi)水的危害，以及我們?yōu)榱斯?jié)約水可以做到的事情。
31．根據(jù)“It is not a difficult question to answer.”可知此處提出了一個(gè)問(wèn)題，A項(xiàng)“然而，到底多少是太多了？”符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。
32．根據(jù)“They show them ways they can cut back on water use.”可知此處是一些減少人們用水的方法，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“他們還增加了用水量過(guò)多的人的水費(fèi)。”符合語(yǔ)境。故選F。
33．根據(jù)“What’s more, they carry out programs that offer money to reduce water use. For example, they give people shower heads and toilets that use less water. ”可知此處是限制人們用水的最后一個(gè)方法，D項(xiàng)“最后，他們制定了控制用水的法律。”符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。
34．根據(jù)“We can save lots of water by not letting taps run while we are brushing our teeth or by turning off tap right away after washing hands. By collecting the cold water when we’re taking warm showers, we can also save water. ”可知這里是為了節(jié)約用水，我們能做的事情，C項(xiàng)“我們可以做幾件事來(lái)節(jié)約用水。”符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。
35．根據(jù)“In this way, we can make full use of water.”可知這里是節(jié)約用水的方法，E項(xiàng)“我們不必讓冷水一直流到溫?zé)釣橹埂！狈险Z(yǔ)境。故選E。
36．be used
【詳解】句意：水可以被回收利用。這意味著水可以再次被使用。這里需要表達(dá)的是“水能夠被再次使用”，因此要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can后面接動(dòng)詞原形，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為“be + 過(guò)去分詞”，use的過(guò)去分詞是used。故填be used。
37．boring
【詳解】句意：坐在樹下一點(diǎn)也不無(wú)聊。根據(jù)“Sitting under the trees will not be…(bore) at all.”可知，此處是指坐在樹下這件事不會(huì)無(wú)聊，應(yīng)用形容詞boring“無(wú)聊的”作表語(yǔ)。故填boring。
38．a(chǎn)re shining
【詳解】句意：燈光明亮地照耀著整個(gè)城市，五顏六色的船只緩緩地順河而下。根據(jù)“and colourful boats are moving slowly down the river”可知，句子時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“am/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞”。Lights是復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)，所以be動(dòng)詞用are，shine的現(xiàn)在分詞為shining。故填are shining。
39．restore
【詳解】句意：我們必須采取行動(dòng)恢復(fù)受損的珊瑚礁。take action to do“采取行動(dòng)做某事”，名詞restoration需轉(zhuǎn)為動(dòng)詞restore，to do不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。故填restore。
40．carefully
【詳解】句意：康康小心地站在椅子上擦黑板。根據(jù)“stood on a chair...to clean the blackboard”可知，此處需用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞“stood”，careful的副詞形式為carefully，表示“小心地”。故填carefully。
41．(s)tates
【詳解】句意：水的三種狀態(tài)是固體、液體和氣體。根據(jù)“are solid, liquid and gas”和首字母提示可知，指水的三種狀態(tài)。state“狀態(tài)”，three后用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填(s)tates。
42．(f)reezes
【詳解】句意：當(dāng)水變得很冷時(shí)，就會(huì)結(jié)冰。根據(jù)“When water gets very cold”可知，此處是說(shuō)水會(huì)結(jié)冰，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞freeze，意為“結(jié)冰”，此句說(shuō)的是通常的情況，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)“it”為第三人稱單數(shù)，freeze用第三人稱單數(shù)。故填(f)reezes。
43．(t)hirsty
【詳解】句意：跑了一個(gè)小時(shí)后，我覺(jué)得很渴，喝了很多水。根據(jù)“I felt very ... and drank a lot of water.”及首字母可知，感到很渴，喝了很多水，thirsty“口渴的”符合，形容詞作表語(yǔ)。故填(t)hirsty。
44．(f)orward
【詳解】句意：幾乎每個(gè)人都期待在暑假去海灘旅行。根據(jù)首字母提示及“l(fā)ooking...to a trip to the beach during the summer holiday.”可知，空處指“期望”，需固定短語(yǔ)look forward to，意為“期望”。故填(f)orward。
45．(w)aste
【詳解】句意：邁克，我們不需要這些衣服。我們?yōu)槭裁匆谒鼈兩砩侠速M(fèi)錢？根據(jù)“Mike, we don’t need these clothe”和首字母可知，此處應(yīng)該表達(dá)不需要這些衣服，為什么還要在上面浪費(fèi)錢，waste意為“浪費(fèi)”，助動(dòng)詞do后跟動(dòng)詞原形。故填(w)aste。
46．a(chǎn)reas 47．ways 48．within 49．a(chǎn)void 50．children 51．nearly 52．running 53．to water 54．necessary 55．if
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了幾種節(jié)約用水的方法。
46．句意：世界上有一些地區(qū)缺水。空格處應(yīng)填一個(gè)名詞，根據(jù)“which are short of water”及備選詞匯可知，此處是指有一些地區(qū)缺水，area表示“地區(qū)”，為可數(shù)名詞，結(jié)合空前“some”可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。故填areas。
47．句意：如果你不知道該怎么做，這里有一些簡(jiǎn)單的方法。根據(jù)前文“If you don’t know what to do”可知，此處是指將介紹一些簡(jiǎn)單的方法，way表示“方法”，為可數(shù)名詞，結(jié)合空前“some”可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。故填ways。
48．句意：最好在五分鐘內(nèi)洗完澡。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及空后“five minutes”可知，此處應(yīng)用within表示“在……時(shí)間內(nèi)”。故填within。
49．句意：對(duì)于父母來(lái)說(shuō)，最好不要給孩子買水上玩具。根據(jù)下文“As a parent, you should try not to choose the water toys which need much water.”可知，此處是指不要買水上玩具，avoid表示“避免”，符合語(yǔ)境，結(jié)合空前不定式符號(hào)“to”可知，空格處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形。故填avoid。
50．句意：很多孩子都喜歡玩水上玩具。根據(jù)前文“for your child”可知，此處是指孩子喜歡玩水上玩具，child表示“小孩”，為可數(shù)名詞，結(jié)合空前“A lot of”可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。故填children。
51．句意：據(jù)說(shuō)很多人每天洗手近九次。句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，所以空格處應(yīng)填一個(gè)副詞，nearly表示“幾乎”，符合語(yǔ)境。故填nearly。
52．句意：當(dāng)你用肥皂洗手時(shí)，不要讓水一直流著。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處是指不要讓水一直流著，keep sth. doing表示“讓某物一直……”，此處run表示“（液體） 流”。故填running。
53．句意：然后你可以用它來(lái)澆花。根據(jù)空后“flowers”可知，此處是指給花澆水，water表示“澆水”，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處應(yīng)填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，且此處表示目的，所以應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式。故填to water。
54．句意：沒(méi)有必要每天洗澡。空格處應(yīng)填一個(gè)形容詞作表語(yǔ)，根據(jù)下文“In fact, you can take a shower every two days.”可知，此處是指沒(méi)有必要每天洗澡。故填necessary。
55．句意：當(dāng)然，如果天氣很熱，你總是出汗，你可以每天洗澡。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，此處是在做假設(shè)，所以應(yīng)用if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。故填if。
56．the 57．useful 58．without 59．to take 60．a(chǎn)nd 61．ways 62．needs 63．them 64．turning 65．usually
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了水的重要性及水資源短缺問(wèn)題，我們應(yīng)該節(jié)約用水。
56．句意：我們?cè)诤铩⒑永锘蚝＠锟吹剿８鶕?jù)“the river or the ocean”可知此處用定冠詞the。故填the。
57．句意：水在我們的生活中非常有用。is后接形容詞作表語(yǔ)，水是有用的，useful“有用的”。故填useful。
58．句意：有些人說(shuō)沒(méi)有水他們就活不下去。根據(jù)“We use water every day.”可知沒(méi)有水活不下去，without“沒(méi)有”。故填without。
59．句意：我們用水洗澡。use sth. to do sth.“用某物來(lái)做某事”。故填to take。
60．句意：我們用水洗手、洗衣服和洗碗。根據(jù)“wash hands, clothes ... dishes”可知連接等同成分，肯定句用and表并列。故填and。
61．句意：人們用水的方式很多！many后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)ways。故填ways。
62．句意：的確，每個(gè)人都需要水。“每個(gè)人都需要水”是客觀事實(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)“everyone”后接動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式needs。故填needs。
63．句意：其中之一是水資源短缺。介詞of后接人稱代詞賓格，they的賓格them，意為“它們”。故填them。
64．句意：我們可以通過(guò)關(guān)閉水龍頭和短時(shí)間淋浴來(lái)節(jié)約用水。介詞by后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，turn的動(dòng)名詞形式turning。故填turning。
65．句意：你通常做什么來(lái)節(jié)約用水？此處用副詞表示頻度，修飾動(dòng)詞，usual的副詞形式usually，意為“通常”。故填usually。
66．She learns how to save water./How to save water. 67．She is Xiaoya’s friend./Xiaoya’s friend. 68．She feels sad./Sad. 69．By telling a story./She tells a story to her. 70．Turn off the tap each time after using water./Don’t keep the water running while brushing your teeth./Reuse the water from washing./Do not take long showers./Wash as many clothes as possible at a time. (答案不唯一)
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了Xiaoya參加節(jié)水活動(dòng)后，勸導(dǎo)朋友Zhouzhou節(jié)約用水的故事。
66．根據(jù)“Xiaoya joins in an activity and learns how to save water.”可知，Xiaoya從活動(dòng)中學(xué)到了如何節(jié)約用水，故填She learns how to save water./How to save water.
67．根據(jù)“One day, she goes to visit her friend, Zhouzhou.”可知，Zhouzhou是Xiaoya的朋友，故填She is Xiaoya’s friend./Xiaoya’s friend.
68．根據(jù)“After hearing the story, Zhouzhou feels sad for the African people.”可知，Zhouzhou聽(tīng)了故事后感到難過(guò)，故填She feels sad./Sad.
69．根據(jù)“Then Xiaoya comes to her and tells her a story she knows from an activity.”可知，Xiaoya是通過(guò)講故事來(lái)幫助Zhouzhou認(rèn)識(shí)到節(jié)約用水的重要性，故填By telling a story./She tells a story to her.
70．開(kāi)放性作答，結(jié)合實(shí)際，言之有理即可。參考答案為：Turn off the tap each time after using water./Don’t keep the water running while brushing your teeth./Reuse the water from washing./Do not take long showers./Wash as many clothes as possible at a time.
71．例文
How to Save Water
Hello, I am Kangkang. We all need water. Water is so important for us and we should save water.
Animals, plants and people all need water. If there is no water, we can’t live. So what should we do to save water First, we should turn off the tap after we use the water. Second, we should take a shower but not a bath. Third, we can reuse water, such as using the water from washing vegetables to water the flowers.
Water is so valuable for us. Let’s save every drop of water!
【詳解】[總體分析]
①題材：本文是一篇演講稿；
②時(shí)態(tài)：主要時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；
③提示：根據(jù)所給內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)完成寫作，注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)及大小寫等問(wèn)題，不要犯語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。注意上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，語(yǔ)意連貫。
[寫作步驟]
第一步，點(diǎn)明寫作主題；
第二步，說(shuō)明水的重要性；
第三步，提出節(jié)約用水的建議。
[亮點(diǎn)詞匯]
①turn off the tap 關(guān)掉水龍頭
②take a shower 淋浴
③reuse water 重復(fù)利用水
[高分句型]
①If there is no water, we can’t live. （if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句）
②First, we should turn off the tap after we use the water.（after引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句）
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